DOCSLIB.ORG

Corneal Endothelium Endothelium Cells Are Destroyed by Disease Or Trauma, Thelial Cells Per Year

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Corneal Endothelium Endothelium Cells Are Destroyed by Disease Or Trauma, Thelial Cells Per Year Integrating the Best Davis EyeCare Technology Associates Specular Microscopy is a new tech- nique to monitor corneal cell loss due to damage from extended con- tact lens wear, surgery, or the ag- ing process. It is also an excellent tool for: educating patients, screening for corneal disease (fuchs-guttata, kerataconus, Corneal trauma, dry eye, glaucoma, diabe- tes and certain medications etc.) and observing the damaging ef- Endothelium fects of contact lens wear. Often we can avoid more serious complica- tions of con- tact lens wear by under- standing the condition of the cornea. In early stages simply ad- justing the wearing time or chang- ing to a different contact lens ma- terial avoids future issues. In our elderly population our cell counts diminish and with a specular mi- croscope we can monitor and treat Davis EyeCare Associates the aging cornea much more effec- tively. This is an essential tool in managing our contact lens patients 4663 West 95th Street www.daviseyecare.com and is very important in assessing Oak Lawn Il 60453 potential risks for cataracts and Phone: 708-636-0600 4663 West 95th Street refractive surgery. Oak Lawn IL 60453 Fax: 708-636-0606 708-636-0600 E-mail: www.daviseyecare.com mal aging, the central cornea loses 100 to 500 endo- Corneal Endothelium endothelium cells are destroyed by disease or trauma, thelial cells per year. When these cells die, they they are lost forever. slough off the posterior surface of the cornea into the We are pleased to offer Konan Microscopy to the anterior chamber, creating a gap in the endothelial Common ocular conditions, such as glaucoma, uveitis management of your eyecare. Specular Microscopy mosaic that compromises both the barrier and pump and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, may produce measures the density of corneal endothelial cells functions of the endothelium. To repair the gap, the changes in the structure and function of the corneal that are important in maintaining corneal clarity endothelium relies on cellular migration and cellular and successful contact lens wear. It is a concise endothelium that result in corneal edema and visual fusion. In this wound repair mechanism, the endothe- way to assess cell loss or damage due to extended impairment. Additionally, contact lens wear and in- lial cells adjacent to the defect move to fill in the contact lens wear, surgery, and the aging process – traocular surgery, may compromise the endothelium space vacated by the sloughed cell. The endothelial unobtainable with biomicroscopy and corneal to- and cause corneal edema. An accu- pography. It is also an excellent tool for screening cells either stretch and slide into a different position, rate diagnosis of endothelial dis- for corneal disease and observing the damaging or they fuse together to re-establish complete cover- ease may be the key in not only effects of contact lens wearing and to access the age of the posterior surface of the cornea. This move- proper treatment. determining cause of corneal ment of the endothelial cells creates a variation in edema, but also developing a treat- cell size known as polymegethism. Maintaining both Normal Cornea: ment plan. The cornea consists of three major layers. The outer the barrier and pump function requires a certain most layer, which protects Guttata are areas of thickening of the endothelial number of endothelial cells to cover the posterior the entire cornea is called cells that do not function normally and are common surface of the cornea. The minimum number of cells, the Epithlium. This ac- with increasing age. In Fuch’s dystrophy a large num- or critical cell density, averages between 300 and counts for 10% of the ber of Guttata appear along with reduced cell density. 500 cells/mm. If the number of cells fall below this whole cornea. The middle This eventually causes cornea swelling (edema) that critical number the clear cornea will become opaque. layer is called the stroma can causes reduced vision, light sensitivity, and even- and is 90% of the cornea. tually pain. Holes appear in the Davis EyeCare will observe your corneal endothelium The Endothelium is the cornea endothelium as black spots. by testing with the Specular Microscope and find out extremely thin, innermost Because the endothelium does not your risk for the cornea becoming adversely effected layer of the cornea. regenerate adjacent cells fill in the from ocular surgery or extended wear contact lenses. gaps made by the holes and Corneal Endothelium: change the size and shapes of the In the normal cornea’s the endothelium are com- remaining cells. There is no medical treatment that can promote posed of six sided regularly wound healing or regeneration of the corneal endo- shaped cell in a honeycomb pat- If the cells have too much variation thelium. In early stages of corneal edema, symptoms tern without gaps. The responsi- in size it is called Polymegathism. If the cells have to of blurred vision and ocular pain predominate, due to edema and blistering (bullae) of the corneal epithe- bility of the endothelial cells are much variation in shape it is called Pleomorphism. essential in keeping the cornea lium. Partial treatment of these symptoms can some- clear. Normally water and nutri- These changes in size and shape of corneal endothe- times be obtained through the instillation of topical ents flow freely from the inside lial cells represent inefficient corneal hypertonic saline drops, use of bandage soft contact of the eye into the cornea. The endothelium’s job is function resulting in the cornea taking lenses, and/or application of anterior stromal micro- to pump excess fluid out of the cornea back into the in water and becoming hazy with re- puncture. In cases in which irreversible corneal endo- eye. Without this pumping action, the cornea would duced vision. Complete coverage of the thelial failure develops, severe corneal edema hazyness occurs, and the only effective remedy is swell with water, becoming hazy and ultimately posterior corneal surface is required to replacement of the diseased corneal endothelium opaque. In a healthy eye, a perfect balance is main- maintain the barrier function of the tained between the fluid moving into the cornea through the surgical approach of corneal transplanta- and fluid being pumped out of the cornea. Once the corneal endothelium. Because of nor- tion. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Endothelium Ii
    Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.42.11.667 on 1 November 1958. Downloaded from Brit. J. Ophthal. (1958) 42, 667. STUDIES ON THE CORNEAL AND TRABECULAR ENDOTHELIUM II. ENDOTHELIUM OF THE ZONE OF TRANSITION* BY F. VRABEC From the First Eye Clinic, University ofPrague, Czechoslovakia AT the periphery of the cornea the corneal endothelium passes over the margin of Descemet's membrane to the trabecular meshwork (Vrabec, 1957). The size and shape of the cells of the corneal endothelium undergo a peculiar change in approaching this region (Vrabec, 1958a). A study by means of the replica method (Vrabec, 1958b) demonstrated that the endothelial cells became elongated in the meridional direction and then lost their outlines in the region of the anterior border of Schwalbe's ring. Only a few nuclei were seen by the replica technique. The results of examining the endothelium of this zone of transition by various methods is described below. copyright. Material and Methods The eyes of the cat, rabbit, and rhesus monkey were studied, together with some human eyes with different pathological conditions, and one human eye which was clinically niormal but was enucleated because of an orbital tumour. The basic method used was again the silver impregnation method of McGovern (1955, 1956). The results were compared with those obtained by the replica and pseudo-replica methods, the latter mostly with additional staining. Even in the http://bjo.bmj.com/ apparently normal eye, the possibility of functional changes in the secretion of the cement substance as well as of the covering substance should be borne in mind.
    [Show full text]
  • Tissue Engineering of the Corneal Endothelium: a Review of Carrier Materials
    J. Funct. Biomater. 2013, 4, 178-208; doi:10.3390/jfb4040178 Journal of Functional Biomaterials ISSN 2079-4983 www.mdpi.com/journal/jfb/ Review Tissue Engineering of the Corneal Endothelium: A Review of Carrier Materials Juliane Teichmann 1,2,†, Monika Valtink 2,†,*, Mirko Nitschke 1, Stefan Gramm 1, Richard H.W. Funk 2,3, Katrin Engelmann 3,4 and Carsten Werner 1,3 1 Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden 01069, Germany; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.T.); [email protected] (M.N.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (C.W.) 2 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden—Cluster of Excellence, Fetscherstraße 105, Dresden 01307, Germany 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Flemmingstraße 2, Chemnitz 09116, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] † These authors contribute equally to the work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-351-458-6124; Fax: +49-351-458-6303. Received: 3 August 2013; in revised form: 13 September 2013 / Accepted: 24 September 2013 / Published: 22 October 2013 Abstract: Functional impairment of the human corneal endothelium can lead to corneal blindness. In order to meet the high demand for transplants with an appropriate human corneal endothelial cell density as a prerequisite for corneal function, several tissue engineering techniques have been developed to generate transplantable endothelial cell sheets.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Post Operative Seclusio Pupil and Corneal Decompensation
    MedDocs Publishers Annals of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Open Access | Case Report Management of post operative seclusio pupil and corneal decompensation Arjun Srirampur, MS, FRCS*; Kavya Reddy, MS; Aruna Kumari Gadde, MS; Sunny Manwani, DNB Anand Eye Institue, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, India *Corresponding Author(s): Arjun Srirampur, Abstract Anand Eye Institue, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, India A 71 year old man presented with a history of cataract Email: [email protected] surgery in both eyes and gradual diminution of vision post surgery in right eye (RE) since 3 years. On examination RE showed corneal decompensation with seclusio pupillae Received: Jan 25, 2018 with a small pupil and a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL). He was diagnosed with pseudophakic bullous ker- Accepted: Apr 20, 2018 atopathy (PBK). He underwent DSAEK (Descemet’s stripping Published Online: Apr 27, 2018 automated endothelial keratoplasty ) with synechiolysis and Journal: Annals of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences pupilloplasty. Graft lenticule was well attached to the host Publisher: MedDocs Publishers LLC tissue with a vertically oval pupil and subsequent improve- ment of vision. Online edition: http://meddocsonline.org/ Copyright: © Srirampur A (2018). This Article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 international License Keywords: Seclusio pupil; Corneal decompensation ; De- scemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty Introduction More recently, long-term follow-up has revealed the exis- tence of progressive changes in corneal endothelium following PBK may occur in around 1 to 2% of the patients undergo- intraocular lens insertion. Though the pathogenesis of this phe- ing cataract surgery, which accounts two to four million patients nomenon is not clear, persistent low grade inflammation and worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Corneal Endothelium: Developmental Strategies for Regeneration
    Eye (2013) 27, 579–588 & 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0950-222X/13 www.nature.com/eye 1 2 Corneal J Zavala ,GRLo´ pez Jaime , REVIEW CA Rodrı´guez Barrientos1 and J Valdez-Garcia1;3 endothelium: developmental strategies for regeneration Abstract The main treatment available for restoration of culture’, ‘mesenchymal stem cells AND cell the corneal endothelium is keratoplasty. This therapy’, ‘mesenchymal stem cells AND procedure is faced with several difficulties, cornea’, and ‘stem cells AND (cornea OR including the shortage of donor tissue, post- corneal) AND (endothelial OR endothelium)’. surgical complications associated with the use Eye (2013) 27, 579–588; doi:10.1038/eye.2013.15; of drugs to prevent immune rejection, and a published online 8 March 2013 significant increase in the occurrence of glau- coma. Recently, surgical procedures such as Keywords: corneal endothelium; tissue Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty engineer; stems cells have focused on the transplant of corneal endothelium, yielding better visual results but 1Ophthalmology Research still facing the need for donor tissue. The Chair, Tecnologico de emergent strategies in the field of cell biology Monterrey, School of and tissue cultivation of corneal endothelial Medicine and Health Introduction cells aim at the production of transplantable Sciences, Monterrey, Me´ xico endothelial cell sheets. Cell therapy focuses on The cornea is a transparent avascular tissue that 2Medical and Surgical Retina the culture of corneal endothelial cells in conjunction with the sclera forms the outer Residency Program retrieved from the donor, in the donor’s portion of the eye. It is a connective tissue that Department, Universidad de cornea, followed by transplantation into the acts as the primary barrier against infection and Guadalajara Instituto de recipient.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiological and Pathobiological Significance of Ocular Glycoproteins
    Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.69.3.162 on 1 March 1985. Downloaded from British Journal ofOphthalmology, 1985,69, 162-170 Physiological and pathobiological significance of ocular glycoproteins. I. Studies using fluorescein labelled glycine max A I AHMED AND A H S RAHI From the Department of Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, 17/25 Cayton Street, London ECI V 9A T SUMMARY Cell surface carbohydrates play an important role in several biological, immunological, and neoplastic phenomena including development, growth regulation, cellular locomotion, receptor activation, and tumour metastasis. Fluorescein labelled lectins which bind to specific carbohydrate residues in glycoproteins and glycolipids are being increasingly used as chemical probes to study cell components. Several different preparations of ocular tissues from human, rabbit, and rat were examined for the distribution of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (D-gal NAc) by means of fluorescein-labelled lectin from soybean (glycine max). A very strong fluorescence was observed in the corneal epithelium; Descemet's membrane and corneal endothelium were also strongly fluorescent. The conjunctival epithelium similarly showed a strong reaction, as did the goblet cells. The iris epithelium and the dilator pupillae were only weakly fluorescent, but the ciliary body showed strong fluorescence, as did the blood vessels. As compared with lens fibres the lens epithelium was strongly fluorescent. The outer retina, that is, the photoreceptors, the pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane, showed a very strong reactivity. The optic nerve showed moderate fluorescence, but reaction with extraocular muscles was variable. The skin of the upper and lower eyelids, hair follicles, and blood vessels showed strong lectin binding.
    [Show full text]
  • Endothelial Bedewing of the Cornea in Association with Contact Lens Wear*
    Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.63.7.478 on 1 July 1979. Downloaded from British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1979, 63, 478-481 Endothelial bedewing of the cornea in association with contact lens wear* C. W. McMONNIES AND S. G. ZANTOS From the Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit, School of Optometry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia SUMMARY Endothelial bedewing is described as either a cluster of oedematous droplets or a constellation of leucocytes deposited on the surface of the corneal endothelium. The use of marginal retroillumination in biomicroscopy is described for the detection of endothelial bedewing. Some of the clinical characteristics of endothelial bedewing are outlined, and its occurrence in patients who are chronically intolerant to contact lens wear is reported. For these intolerant individuals endothelial bedewing may be indicative of a limited anterior uveal response associated with contact lens wear. The early use of biomicroscopy to observe the entity in relation to non-wearers of contact lenses, ocular response to contact lens wear, emphasised and its occurrence in association with contact lens an evaluation of superficial corneal integrity, with wear has not previously been reported. oedema and fluorescein staining as the chief criteria Stocker (1971) states that endothelial bedewing for assessment. In recent contact lens work there may be produced either by oedema of the endothe- has been increased interest in the deeper corneal lial cells or by precipitation of small particles of layers with the observation of vertical striae in inflammatory material on the posterior surface of oedematous stroma (Sarver, 1971). the cornea.
    [Show full text]
  • Corneal Endothelium
    Central JSM Ophthalmology Bringing Excellence in Open Access Research Article *Corresponding author Fernando Cesar Abib, Ophthalmologist, Federal University of Paraná, Av. João Gualberto, 1881 Corneal Endothelium: Histology, Sala 701, Curitiba, Brazil, Tel: 55-41-3252-2609; Email: Submitted: 05 October 2017 Physiology and In-vivo Accepted: 29 November 2017 Published: 30 November 2017 Examination with Specular ISSN: 2333-6447 Copyright Microscope © 2017 Abib et al. OPEN ACCESS Fernando Cesar Abib1*, Richard Yudi Hida2, and Renata Martins dos Santos3 1Ophthalmologist, Clinica de Olhos Prof. Dr. Fernando Abib and Head of Ocular Oncology of Hospital Erasto Gaertner, Professor of Human Anatomy of Federal University of Paraná, Brazil 2Phisician by Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Brazil 3Ophthalmologist, Hospital das Clínicas of University of São Paulo and Santa Casa de Sao Paulo, Brazil Abstract Purpose: To review histology and physiology of the corneal endothelium of the human eye. Methods: Present the main parameters of the endothelial mosaic and its cells to assist the performance and interpretation of corneal specular microscopy examination in the clinic and ocular surgery based on classical literature. The review: The corneal endothelium is a monolayer of cells distributed side by side and called endothelial mosaic. This cells present, in average, 18 to 20 μm width, 4 to 6 μm thickness and nucleus with 7 μm of diameter. As a consequence of the apoptosis of some of these cells during life, there is an increase of the remaining cells surface. Regarding the number of sides, the population of these cells presents hexagonal predominance, a smaller part of the cells shows less or more than six sides, which are approximate similar frequency.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Affecting Corneal Endothelial Morphology
    FACTORS AFFECTING CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL MORPHOLOGY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Huan Sheng, MD * * * * * The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Mark Bullimore, Advisor Dr. Karla Zadnik Dr. Barbara Fink Approved by Advisor Vision Science Graduate Program ABSTRACT Corneal endothelial morphology is influenced by age and long term contact lens wear. The effect of refractive error, particularly high myopia has not been established. People with higher myopia are more likely to wear contact lenses and for longer, so age, contact lens wear, and degree of myopia may act independently or interact to change corneal endothelial morphology. We investigated the effects of age, race, years of contact lens wear, and degree of myopia on three key aspects of corneal endothelial morphology: endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (polymegathism/CoV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (pleomorphism/%Hex) A total of 149 subjects with a broad variation in age (19 to 71 years, mean = 33.2 years), refractive error (39.6% had myopia over –5.00 D), and contact lens history (13.4% had worn lenses for >20 years) were examined. One third were Asian. The Konan NonCon Robo 9000 specular microscope was used to capture corneal endothelial images from one eye of each subject. The images were analyzed with the KSS-300 center method. Multiple regression analysis was used to build models of endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, and percentage of hexagonal cells as a function of age, race, refractive error (Rx), and contact lens wear (CLyears).
    [Show full text]
  • Bilateral Attachment of Corneal Endothelium to Lens Implants in Corneal Collapse at Death: a Pseudophakic Eye with a Fuchs' Epithelioma*
    Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol (1984) 221 : 142-148 Graefe's Archive foe Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology © Springer-Verlag 1984 Bilateral attachment of corneal endothelium to lens implants in corneal collapse at death: a pseudophakic eye with a Fuchs' epithelioma* J. Reimer Wolter Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Abstract. The pathological situation of bilateral attachment peland intraocular lens implant was carried out in the left of corneal endothelium to iris plane lens implants, due to eye without complications on 9 June 1975. Senile macular collapse of the anterior chambers, is recorded in a patient degeneration with temporal pallor of the optic disk became who died of heart failure. The additional observation of clearly visible. However, vision in the eye which had been a Fuchs' epithelioma on the ciliary body adjacent to the operated upon improved to 20/200 and the patient was implant in one of the eyes is used to start a discussion satisfied. about possible interactions between lens implants and un- A decrease in the vision of the right eye to 20/400 led suspected intraocular tumors. to cataract surgery which was performed by the same New Jersey ophthalmologist on 3 January 1978. Again, intracap- sular lens extraction was attempted, but the capsule rup- tured and the posterior capsule was left in the eye. A four- loop Binkhorst implant was inserted with a transiridectomy Introduction suture. Vision in the right eye improved to 20/100 + 2. The Observation and detailed recording of the pathology of all right eye also had distinct senile macular degeneration.
    [Show full text]
  • Corneal Anatomy
    FFCCF! • Mantis Shrimp have 16 cone types- we humans have three- essentially Red Green and Blue receptors. Whereas a dog has 2, a butterfly has 5, the Mantis Shrimp may well see the most color of any animal on earth. Functional Morphology of the Vertebrate Eye Christopher J Murphy DVM, PhD, DACVO Schools of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis With integrated FFCCFs Why Does Knowing the Functional Morphology Matter? • The diagnosis of ocular disease relies predominantly on physical findings by the clinician (maybe more than any other specialty) • The tools we routinely employ to examine the eye of patients provide us with the ability to resolve fine anatomic detail • Advanced imaging tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) provide very fine resolution of structures in the living patient using non invasive techniques and are becoming widespread in application http://dogtime.com/trending/17524-organization-to-provide-free-eye-exams-to-service- • The basis of any diagnosis of “abnormal” is animals-in-may rooted in absolute confidence of owning the knowledge of “normal”. • If you don’t “own” the knowledge of the terminology and normal functional morphology of the eye you will not be able to adequately describe your findings Why Does Knowing the Functional Morphology Matter? • The diagnosis of ocular disease relies predominantly on physical findings by the clinician (maybe more than any other specialty) • The tools we routinely employ to examine the eye of patients provide us with the ability to resolve fine anatomic detail http://www.vet.upenn.edu/about/press-room/press-releases/article/ • Advanced imaging tools such as optical penn-vet-ophthalmologists-offer-free-eye-exams-for-service-dogs coherence tomography (OCT) provide very fine resolution of structures in the living patient using non invasive techniques and are becoming widespread in application • The basis of any diagnosis of “abnormal” is rooted in absolute confidence of owning the http://aibolita.com/eye-diseases/37593-direct-ophthalmoscopy.html knowledge of “normal”.
    [Show full text]
  • A Single Cell Atlas of Human Cornea That Defines Its Development, Limbal Stem and Progenitor Cells and the Interactions with the Limbal Niche
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.09.195438; this version posted July 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. A single cell atlas of human cornea that defines its development, limbal stem and progenitor cells and the interactions with the limbal niche Joseph Collin1+, Rachel Queen 1+, Darin Zerti 1,2+, Sanja Bojic 1, Nicky Moyse 3, Marina Moya Molina 1, Chunbo Yang1, Gary Reynolds 1, Rafiqul Hussain 1, Jonathan M Coxhead 1, Steven Lisgo 1, Deborah Henderson 1, Agatha Joseph 4, Paul Rooney 4, Saurabh Ghosh 5, Che Connon 1, Muzlifah Haniffa 1, Francisco Figueiredo 6, Lyle Armstrong 1 and Majlinda Lako1* 1. Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK 2. Present address: Microscopy Centre and Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Italy 3. Newcastle Cellular Therapies Facility, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK 4. NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services, Liverpool, UK 5. Royal Victoria Infirmary, Sunderland, UK 6. Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK + these authors contributed equally *author for correspondence ([email protected]) Keywords: embryonic and fetal eye, cornea, conjunctiva, ocular surface, single cell RNA- Seq, single cell ATAC-Seq, LSC dysplasia, keratoconus, limbal epithelial expansion, limbal stem cells, transit amplifying cells. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.09.195438; this version posted July 10, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Aging on Corneal and Ocular Surface Homeostasis in Mice
    Cornea The Effects of Aging on Corneal and Ocular Surface Homeostasis in Mice Manikkuwadura Eranda Harshan De Silva,1 Lisa J. Hill,2 Laura E. Downie,1 and Holly R. Chinnery1 1Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 2Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom Correspondence: Holly R. Chinnery, PURPOSE. Aging is a risk factor for dry eye disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if Department of Optometry and Vi- aging is associated with a range of signs of dry eye disease, including tear hyperosmolarity, sion Sciences, University of Mel- reduced nerve density, and increased dendritic cell number, in mice. bourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; METHOD. Healthy C57BL/6 female mice, aged 2 months (young, n ¼ 10) and 22 months (aged, [email protected]. n ¼ 11) were used. Clinical assessments included corneal sensitivity (Cochet-Bonnet Submitted: January 12, 2019 esthesiometry), tear secretion (Phenol red thread test), tear film osmolarity (TearLab Accepted: May 19, 2019 osmometer), and corneal thickness (optical coherence tomography). The sum length of the corneal superficial terminals and sub-basal nerves, density of vertical nerve projections, and Citation: De Silva MEH, Hill LJ, density and tree area of resident epithelial dendritic cells, were assessed using Downie LE, Chinnery HR. The effects of aging on corneal and ocular surface immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. homeostasis in mice. Invest Ophthal- RESULTS. Aged mice had significantly higher tear secretion, lower corneal sensitivity, and a mol Vis Sci. 2019;60:2705–2715. thicker corneal stroma but thinner epithelium.
    [Show full text]