Environmental Impact Assessment of Laying Optical Fiber and Wireless Hybrid Network in Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Environmental Impact Assessment of Laying Optical Fiber and Wireless Hybrid Network in Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality Draft Report Environmental Impact Assessment of Laying Optical Fiber and Wireless Hybrid Network in Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality Submitted to Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Environment Division Singh Durbar, Kathmandu Through Government of Nepal Ministry of Information and Communication Singh Durbar, Kathmandu Proponent Everest Link Pvt. Ltd. Head Office Namche Bazaar 3, SoluKhumbu Mobile: 9862928750 Email: [email protected] City Contact Office SumangalNiwash, 282 Pandol Marg, Baluwatar (in front of Prime Minister's Residence, Gate#1) Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977-1-4441282, 4438225, 4423093 Email: [email protected] October 2020 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study of the Laying Optical Fiber and Wireless Hybrid Network in Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYM 4G Fourth Generation of broadband CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DIA Direct Impact Zone DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Reserves EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMC Environment Management Committee EMP Environment Management Plan GDP Gross Domestic Product GHz Giga Hertz GoN Government of Nepal ICT Information and Communication Technology IIA Indirect Impact Zone ISP Internet Service Provider IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Kbps Kilobits per second KPL Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality LTE Long-Term Evolution of broadband Mbps Megabits per second mm millimeter MoCIT Ministry of Communication and Information Technology MoFE Ministry of Forest and Environment msl Mean Sea Level NTC Nepal Telecommunication Authority OSM OpenStreetMap OUV Outstanding Universal Value PPE Personal Protective Equipment SD Scoping Document SNP Sagarmatha National Park ToR Terms of Reference UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization VDC Village Development Committee Draft Report ii Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study of the Laying Optical Fiber and Wireless Hybrid Network in Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality sfo{sf/L ;f/+z != kl/ro k|b]z g+ !, ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfdf cjl:yt Pe/]i6 ln+s Kf|f= ln=n] o; clK6sn kmfOa/ tyf xfOla|8 g]6js{ kl/of]hgf -o; kl5 “kl/of]hgf” dfq}_ o;} lhNnf cGtu{t v'Da' kf;fu+ Nxfd' ufFpkflnsfdf ug{ elg kl/of]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofs+g ub}{ o; k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lgsfo / k|s[of dfkm{t l:js[ltsf] nfuL cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . o; kl/of]hgf dfkm{t ;f] ljs6 tyf ko{6sLo If]qdf OG6/g]6 / cGo ;DalGwt ;]jf k'of{O{ ljsf;df 6]jf k'of{pg] nIo klg lnPsf] 5 . Pe/]i6 ln+s ;g @)!$ df :ylkt eO{ gfDr] ahf/df cjl:yt 5 . cfjfZostfdf /x]sf ko{6s, :yflgo tyf ;+3 ;:yfgdf l;ldt OG6/g]6 ;]jf k'of{O/x]sf] o; ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfn] o; kl/of]hgf dfkm{t If]q el/ g} tf/ / tf/ /lxt pRr :t/Lo b|'t OG6/g]6 ;]jf lbO{ ;f] If]qsf] xfnsf] ko{6g, ;+/If0f, lzIff / :jf:Yo If]qnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg] dxTjsf+Iff /fv]sf] 5 . o; kl/of]hgfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] u|fld0f e]udf O{G6/g]6 ;]jf k|efjsf/L agfpg] gLltdf ;xof]u k'Ug] b[li6sf]0f klg /flvPsf] 5 . k|:tfljt kl/of]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg Pe/]i6 ln+sn] lj1x? s/f/df lnO{ tof/ u/]sf] 5 . o; cWoog ug'{ cl3 Pe/]i6 ln+sn] tTslng jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lnO{, ;f]xL dGqfnosf] ;'emfjdf o; cWoog cl3 a9fPsf] xf] . k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] ;Gbe{df jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g -@)%#, ;+Zf]wg @)&%_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)%$ / /fli6|o jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofs+g lgb]{lzsf @)%) nfO{ d"Vo cfwf/ agfO{Psf] 5 . kl/of]hgf :yn ljZj ;Dkbf leq kg]{ ePsf]n] jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoog k|ltj]bg af6 klg k"g/fjnf]sg u/fO{Psf] 5 . cWoogsf] s|ddf b]z UNESCO/IUCN ;l3+otfdf hfbf gofF gLlt lgodx? aGb} hfFbf, pknAw ePsf ;DalGwt P]g sfg"gx?sf] k"g/fjnf]sg o; cWoogdf ul/Psf] 5 . @= cfof]hgf ljj/0f clK6sn kmfOa/ k|ljlwdf k|sfzsf] ls/0f dfkm{t ;'rgf l;;f jf kmfOa/sf] kfOk dfkm{t Ps :yfgaf6 csf]{ :yfgdf k'of{pg] ul/G5 . xfn :j:Yo pkrf/df clK6sn kmfOa/ k|of]u u/L z/L/sf] leqL efux? x]g{] ul/Psf] ;j{JofkL g} /x]sf] 5 . ;+;f/df ;a} eGbf pRr :t/Lo b|'t ultdf OG6/g]6 ;]jf lng ;lsg] eg]s} clK6sn kmfOa/ g} xf] / eljiodf klg /lx/xG5 . OG6/g]6sf] clK6sn kmfOa/df ;j{JofkL ?kdf &%) b]lv *%), !#!) / !%#) b]vL !%^) nm wavelength ePsf] k|sfz t/+u k|of]u ul/G5 h'g dfgjn] b]Vg] k|sfzsf] t/+u eGbf nfdf] -Infra Red_ t/+u xf] . lagf s'g} k|fljlws ;jnLs/0f wft'sf] tf/df ;"rgf ;+jfxg @ jf # ls=ld= ;Dd hfG5 eg] clK6sn kmfOa/df lagf ;jlns/0f ;+jfxg k|sfzsf] ultdf !)) ls=ld= ;Dd k'Ug ;S5 . Pp6} clK6sn kmfOa/ leq ljleGg ;dosf] km/sdf w/} ;"rgf k7fpg ;lsG5 . o; k|ljlwsf] ;oGqdf ljB'lto ;'rgfnfO{ k|sflzo ;'rgfdf abnL clK6sn kmfOa/ dfkm{t k|sfzs} j]udf csf]{ 5]pdf k7fO{ km]/L ljB'lto ;'rgfdf kl/jt{g ul/ ;'rgf ;+rf/ ul/G5 . o; kl/of]hgfdf clK6sn kmfOa/ / 6fj/ dfkm{t tf/ /lxt Af|f]8a]G8 -Wireless broadband_ b'j} k|of]u ul/g]5 . ;}4flGts ?kdf OG6/g]6sf] j]u clK6sn kmfOa/df !))) Mbps ;Dd x'G5 eg] tf/ /lxt a|f]8Af]G8df OG6/g]6sf] j]u !=% Mbps ;Dd x'G5 . Afhf/df pknAw / Ifdtf cg';f/ o; clK6sn kmfOa/ kl/of]hgfdf !@ sf]/sf] -GYTA53/ExiFiber, YD/T 901- 2009/IEC 60794-1 standard_ jf ;f] ;/x k|of]u ul/g]5 . kmfOa/nfO{ v'Da' kf;fu+ Nxfd' ufFpkflnsf leq / ;u/dfyf /fli6|o lgs'Gh leq /x]sf uf]/]6f] af6f]sf] 5]p -eL/lt/ geO{ 8fF8f lt/_ )=^ ld= ulx/fO / )=$% ld= rf}8fOsf] vf8ndf laR5\ofOg]5 h'g hldg leq x'g]5 . vf]nf vf]N;fx?df eg] ePsf] k'n d"lgaf6 nlug]5 . tf/ /lxt OG6/g]6sf] nfuL @! Jf6f 6fj/x? ljleGg 8fF8fx?df /flvg]5 . k|To]s 6fj/x?n] hldgsf] ;txdf @X@ lkm6sf] If]q cf]u6\g] 5 . 6fj/;+u e"Od} ;f]nf/ / Ao6|L ;]6n] $X$ lkm6 cuf]6\g]5 . cyf{t 6fj/, ;f]nf/ / Ao6|Ln] s"n I]fqkmn !=* ju{ ld= cf]u6\g]5 . uf]Sof] tfn, rf]nf kf;, uf]/SIf]ks, 9';'d / lbu+af]r]sf] pQ/tkm{df ePsf 6fs'/fx? h:tf cToGt ljs6 :yfgx?df lxp tyf s8f r6\6fgx? /x]sf] x'gfn] clK6sn kmfOa/ glaR5\ofOsg 6fj/ / 6fj/ lar dfq} ;+jfxg / ;+rf/ ul/g]5 . olb 6fj/n] lbg] l;Ugn cfjfZoQmf eGbf sdhf]/ ePdf, 6fj/x?nfO{ clK6sn kmfOa/n] ;an afgfO ;]jf k|jfx ul/g]5 . o; kl/of]hgf lgs'Gh / ufFpkflnsfsf] ;dGjo / cg'dltdf cuf8L a9fOg]5 . kl/of]hgf ufFpkflnsfsf] gfDr] ahf/df s]lGb|t /xL j8f g+ @, #, $ / % nfu" x'g]5 h;dWo] ;a}eGbf al9 ;Ghfn j8f g+ $ df /xg]5 . s"n clK6sn kmfO{a/ !)) ls=ld=sf] uf]/]6f] af6f]df la5\ofO{g]5 . o; kl/of]hgfsf] d"No÷kmfObf ljZn]if0f-Cost-Benefit Analysis_ ubf{ o;sf] d"No nueu ;jf ^ s/f]8 cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] o;sf] ;+rfng cjlwsf] % jif{d} ;f] d"No p7\g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . Draft Report iii Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study of the Laying Optical Fiber and Wireless Hybrid Network in Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality kl/of]hgfsf] ultjLlwx?df d"Votof lgDg a'bf+ut s[ofsnfkx? /xg]5g\ . @=! lgdf{0f cjlw • Uff]/]6f] tyf 3f]8]6f]x?dfsf] 8fF8f -dflyNnf]_ 5]pdf vfN6f] lgdf{0f -)=^ ld=ulx/fO{, )=$% ld rf}8fO{_ ug]{ • vfN8f]df clK6sn kmfOa/ la5\ofpg] tyf kmfOa/ :kNofO; aS; -Fiber Splicing Box_n] kmfOa/x? hf]8\g] • vfN8f]af6 lg:s]sf] df6f]n] km]/L vf8n k'/L uf]/]6f]x? k"g:y{fkgf ug]{ • tf//xLt OG6/g]6 ;Dafxgsf] nfuL 6fj/x? 8fF8fx?df :ylkt ug]{ -@! j6f_, uf]/]6f] af6f]x?af6 clK6sn kmfOaf/ 6fj/;Dd uf]/]6f] af6f]s} t/Lsfdf uf8\g] . lgdf{0f cjlwdf b}lgs #)) ld= nDafO{sf] b/df ul/g]5 . lgdf{0fdf lgtfGt :yflgo kbfy{ / ;fdfu|Lx?g} k|of]u ul/g]5 . O6f, l;d]G6 / afn'jf geO{, :yfgs} df6f] / 9'uf+ k|of]u ul/g]5 . uf]/]6f]x?df vf8n vGbf s8f r6\6fgx? kg{ uPdf vf8n r6\6fgnfO{ 3'dfP/ j/k/af6 vlgg]5 . Tof] klg ;Dej gePdf clK6sn kmfOa/ ;tx dfyL g} /xg]5 . vf]nf / vf]N;fx?df /x]sf] k'n d"lgaf6 kmfOa/nfO{ afwL jf/kf/ ul/g] 5 . clK6sn kmfOa/x?sf] e08f/0f glhs / kfos kg]{ j:tLx?df ul/g] 5 / ;f]xL glhs j:tLx?af6 pknAw hgzQmL k|of]u ul/g] ePsf]n] c:yfO{ 6x/f -camp_x?sf] lgdf{0f ul/g] 5}g . hf8f] ofddf tyf pRr ko{6sx? lelqg] ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ g;lsg] ePsf]n] o; lgdf{0f sfo{ # b]vL % jif{df nueu !)) ls=ld= la5\ofO{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g]5 . @=@ ;]jf ;+rfng cjlw lgdf{0f k'/f ePsf] j:tLx?df ;]jf t'/Gt z'? ul/g] 5 . ;fy} o; cjwLdf lgs'Ghsf] nfuL :yfgx?df l;Q}df OG6/g]6 ;]jf tyf cGo ;'ljwfx? klg pknAw u/fOg] 5 .
Recommended publications
  • National Parks and Iccas in the High Himalayan Region of Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities
    [Downloaded free from http://www.conservationandsociety.org on Tuesday, June 11, 2013, IP: 129.79.203.216] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal Conservation and Society 11(1): 29-45, 2013 Special Section: Article National Parks and ICCAs in the High Himalayan Region of Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities Stan Stevens Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In Nepal, as in many states worldwide, national parks and other protected areas have often been established in the customary territories of indigenous peoples by superimposing state-declared and governed protected areas on pre-existing systems of land use and management which are now internationally considered to be Indigenous Peoples’ and Community Conserved Territories and Areas (ICCAs, also referred to Community Conserved Areas, CCAs). State intervention often ignores or suppresses ICCAs, inadvertently or deliberately undermining and destroying them along with other aspects of indigenous peoples’ cultures, livelihoods, self-governance, and self-determination. Nepal’s high Himalayan national parks, however, provide examples of how some indigenous peoples such as the Sharwa (Sherpa) of Sagarmatha (Mount Everest/Chomolungma) National Park (SNP) have continued to maintain customary ICCAs and even to develop new ones despite lack of state recognition, respect, and coordination. The survival of these ICCAs offers Nepal an opportunity to reform existing laws, policies, and practices, both to honour UN-recognised human and indigenous rights that support ICCAs and to meet International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) standards and guidelines for ICCA recognition and for the governance and management of protected areas established in indigenous peoples’ territories.
    [Show full text]
  • Island Peak Climbing with Everest Base Camp Trek - 19 Days
    GPO Box: 384, Ward No. 17, Pushpalal Path Khusibun, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-01-4388659 E-Mail: [email protected] www.iciclesadventuretreks.com Island peak climbing with Everest Base Camp Trek - 19 Days Go for Island peak climbing with Everest Base Camp Trek if you are looking to jump a step ahead from trekking to mountaineering. Island peak (Imja Tse) is the most attainable climbing peak. Situated only 10 km away from Mt. Everest summit of Island peak provides 360-degree panorama of many of the highest mountains in the world. Island peak, the most climbed climbing peak of Himalaya is an extension of south end of Mt. Lhotse Shar. If you are looking for trekking in Nepal and want to test mountaineering in Nepal, then Island peak climbing is the perfect ice climbing trip to try first among the 33 "trekking peaks" of Nepal. Although Himalayan Peaks should not be underestimated, Island Peak has the potential to offer the fit and experienced hill walkers a window into the world of mountaineering in the greater ranges. Our Island Peak Climbing with Everest Base Camp provides an excellent experience for first stage mountaineering to novice adventure lovers. Our Island peak climbing with EBC Trek program starts in Kathmandu. We spend a day in Kathmandu preparing for the venture with brief UNESCO heritage sites visit. We take an exhilarating flight to Lukla and start trekking through the classic EBC trekking trail through different beautiful Sherpa villages. During the trek, we spend two nights in Namche and Dingboche to aid acclimatization. Also, we trek to Everest Base Camp to acclimatize ourselves for our Island peak climbing target.
    [Show full text]
  • Everest Base Camp Trek
    EVEREST BASE CAMP TREK NEPAL • TREK • EXTREME ABOUT THE CHALLENGE Nepal is a country in a league of its own with breathtakingly beautiful scenery, a fascinating culture and friendly people. Meeting the villagers whilst trekking through this landlocked gem of a nation is one of its greatest pleasures. Our route takes us via the Sherpa capital of Namche Bazaar through beautiful valleys, dense forests and across glacial rivers, enjoying tantalising glimpses of the mighty Everest before we reach our goal of Base Camp. There is also time built in to trek to the summit of Kalapatar, the famous Everest viewpoint, and wonder at views of highest mountain on the planet at sunrise. We also have time to explore the colourful and frenetic capital of Kathmandu. EVEREST BASE CAMP TREK • 19 DAYS www.discoveradventure.com Tel: +44 (0) 1722 718444 PAGE 2 EVEREST BASE CAMP TREK Day 1: Depart UK for Kathmandu Day 2: Arrive Kathmandu We arrive into Kathmandu, usually late afternoon, and transfer to our hotel in the Thamel area. We have time to relax before dinner in a local restaurant and a good night’s sleep. Night hotel. Day 3: Kathmandu After a full trip briefing, we head out into Kathmandu and take in some fantastic sights, such as Bodhnath and Swayambhunath (more commonly known as the monkey-temple): Buddhist temples swathed in prayer-flags and incredibly photogenic! Packed full with temples and palaces, markets and sadhus, Kathmandu is a labyrinth of streets and markets, crowded with exotic produce and a mystifying blend of people. Visit the central Durbar Square, infused with a medieval atmosphere, overflowing with stupas and home to the Old Royal Palace.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Transformation Around Koshi Hill Region: a Rural Development Perspective
    95 NJ: NUTA Agricultural Transformation around Koshi Hill Region: A Rural Development Perspective Tirtha Raj Timalsina Lecturer, Dhankuta Multiple Campus, Dhankuta Eastern Nepal Email for correspondence:[email protected] Abstract Agriculture is considered to be the basic segment and the backbone of developing economy. In the same way it is a prime and domonent sector of Nepalese rural livelihood. By considering this fact, the true value of rural development lies on the rapid transformation of existing agricultural sector. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of agricultural transformation for rural development of Koshi Hill Region (KHR) of eastern Nepal. Both the primary as well as secondary data and information have been used to obtain the required findings. The study reveals the fact that agriculture is inevitable for rural people and its transformation is essential for the development of rural areas and the nation as a whole. Including primarily to the road network, the development of infrastructure can play the detrimental role to change the backward and rural scenario of this country. Key words: Agricultural transformation, rural development, Koshi-Hill, essential, backbone, access. Conceptualization Agriculture is an important segment of traditional (feudal) economy, the transformation from feudalism to capitalism necessarily implies a transformation of agriculture (Lekhi, 2005). Thereby, agriculture is the prime occupation and also the backbone of most of the developing economies. The countries that are in the low profile of international comparision, no doubt they are moving on stagnat and backward agriculture with under or misutilized physical as well as human resources. The country which are backward and underdeveloped are not always facing the scarcity of resources but the techniques or to know how to manage the scarcely available means and reslurces is accepted as the principal understanding of development science.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sherpa and the Snowman
    THE SHERPA AND THE SNOWMAN Charles Stonor the "Snowman" exist an ape DOESlike creature dwelling in the unexplored fastnesses of the Himalayas or is he only a myth ? Here the author describes a quest which began in the foothills of Nepal and led to the lower slopes of Everest. After five months of wandering in the vast alpine stretches on the roof of the world he and his companions had to return without any demon strative proof, but with enough indirect evidence to convince them that the jeti is no myth and that one day he will be found to be of a a very remarkable man-like ape type thought to have died out thousands of years before the dawn of history. " Apart from the search for the snowman," the narrative investigates every aspect of life in this the highest habitable region of the earth's surface, the flora and fauna of the little-known alpine zone below the snow line, the unexpected birds and beasts to be met with in the Great Himalayan Range, the little Buddhist communities perched high up among the crags, and above all the Sherpas themselves that stalwart people chiefly known to us so far for their gallant assistance in climbing expeditions their yak-herding, their happy family life, and the wav they cope with the bleak austerity of their lot. The book is lavishly illustrated with the author's own photographs. THE SHERPA AND THE SNOWMAN "When the first signs of spring appear the Sherpas move out to their grazing grounds, camping for the night among the rocks THE SHERPA AND THE SNOWMAN By CHARLES STONOR With a Foreword by BRIGADIER SIR JOHN HUNT, C.B.E., D.S.O.
    [Show full text]
  • NEPAL BHUTAN TIBET Itineraries with Upeverest, Your Business Is in Amazing Hands
    NEPAL BHUTAN TIBET Itineraries With UpEverest, your business is in amazing hands. 1 Based in Kathmandu, we are tour, trekking and adventure specialist of Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet. We have notched up hands on experience to offer you the best strategic association for your adventure tour and travel business in these three amazing countries We are proud to be associated with Nepal Tourism Board (NTB), and members of Trekking Agency Association of Nepal (TAAN) and Adventure Travel Trade Association, (ATTA) and Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA). We adhere to the highest industry standards and recognize our obligations to operate our adventure tour and travel business in a responsible and sustainable fashion. As we see this not only as an environmental perspective but an economic and social one as-well. We are committed to care to the well being of the communities and the environment that hosts our adventure travel and tours. We strongly believe that by adhering to the moral policies, we can offer an amazing experience to the clients. 2 3 3 TOURS IN NEPAL 44 Nepal is a land of great diversity and immense opportunities. Within a hundred kilometers, the landscape goes through incredible changes from the hot, humid plains in the south to frigid arctic conditions in the north. In much the same way, the diversity of the Nepali people is no less remarkable. It is an opportunity to experience extreme contrasts in as little as an hour. A half hour flight from Kathmandu brings you up close to the Himalayas in the north, yet if you fly south, one could be riding on an elephant in Chitwan within an hour.
    [Show full text]
  • Sagarmatha National Park Nepal
    SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK NEPAL This majestically scenic mountain park of snow-covered peaks, gorges and glaciers dominated by the highest mountain on Earth is geologically interesting and its wilderness values are outstanding. The Dudh Kosi valley is home to the unique culture of the Sherpas and is an ecological unit of biological, socio-economic and religious importance. Rare animals such as snow leopard and red panda live in the Park. However, degradation from the increasing pressures of tourism and mountaineering is of growing concern. COUNTRY Nepal NAME Sagarmatha National Park STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE [pending] NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITE 1979: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criterion vii. INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATION 2007: Gokyo and Associated Lakes designated a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention (7,770 ha). IUCN MANAGEMENT CATEGORY II National Park BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PROVINCE Himalayan Highlands (2.38.12) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION In the Himalayan Mountains on the border with the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China in the upper catchment of the Dudh Kosi river 140 km east of Kathmandu, centred on 27o57’55”N by 86o54’47”E. DATES AND HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT 1976: Created a National Park; 2002: Buffer zone added (27,500 ha); 2007: Gokyo lakes designated a Ramsar site. LAND TENURE State. Many of the resident Sherpas have legal title to houses, agricultural land and summer grazing lands (Jefferies, 1984). The Park is administered by the Sagarmarha National Park Authority of the Department of National Parks & Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC). 1 AREA 114,800 ha. The Park adjoins Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area (233,000ha) in Nepal and Qomolangma Biosphere Reserve in the Tibetan Autonomous Region of China (1,823,591ha).
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal
    HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 17 Number 2 Himalayan Research Bulletin: Article 16 Solukhumbu and the Sherpa 1997 Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal Alton C. Byers Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Byers, Alton C.. 1997. Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal. HIMALAYA 17(2). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol17/iss2/16 This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Landscape Change in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal Alton C. Byers The Mountain Institute This study uses repeat photography as the primary Introduction research tool to analyze processes of physical and Repeat photography, or precise replication and cultural landscape change in the Khumbu (M!. Everest) interpretation of historic landscape scenes, is an region over a 40-year period (1955-1995). The study is analytical tool capable of broadly clarifying the patterns a continuation of an on-going project begun by Byers in and possible causes of contemporary landscapellanduse 1984 that involves replication of photographs originally changes within a given region (see: Byers 1987a1996; taken between 1955-62 from the same five photo 1997). As a research tool, it has enjoyed some utility points. The 1995 investigation reported here provided in the United States during the past thirty years (see: the opportunity to expand the photographic data base Byers 1987b; Walker 1968; Heady and Zinke 1978; from five to 26 photo points between Lukla (2,743 m) Gruell 1980; Vale, 1982; Rogers et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Itinerary Day 1 (Sat 13Nov 2021): London – Kathmandu Depart
    Itinerary Day 1 (Sat 13 Nov 2021): London – Kathmandu Day 4 (Tue 16 Nov 2021): Monjo to Namche Bazaar (3,445m) Depart London for our flight to Kathmandu. Today we take a steep hike to the traditional Sherpa village Namche Bazaar. We head onwards and upwards Day 2 (Sun 14 Nov 2021): Kathmandu through a beautiful rhododendron forest before reaching the entrance to the Sagarmatha National Park, Arrive in Kathmandu and transfer to our hotel. The rest a protected area which aims to preserve the fragile of the day is free to explore. We meet in the evening for mountain environment for future generations. Namche our first traditional Nepali meal at a local restaurant and is the main trading village in the Khumbu and has a busy briefing on the week ahead. market, shops, cafes and most famously, freshly baked apple pies. The tough climb is well worth it as we catch Evening meal included. our first glimpse of Mount Everest! Trekking time approximately 5-6 hours/7km. Breakfast, lunch and dinner included. Day 3 (Mon 15 Nov 2021): Kathmandu – Lukla (2,843m) – Monjo (2,835m) We fly from Kathmandu on a spectacular 40-minute flight to the mountain village Lukla. Your first sight of Day 5 (Wed 17 Nov 2021): the Hilmalayan mountains will give you an exciting taste Namche Bazaar (acclimatisation day) of what’s to come. We meet our assistant guides and We rise early for an important acclimatisation trek. porters before trekking up the Dudh Koshi Valley (‘river There are a number of options for acclimatisation in the of milk’ – named after the pale appearance of the area – we can trek towards the Everest View Hotel glacier fed water).
    [Show full text]
  • Mount Everest Base Camp and Gokyo Lakes Langtang Ri Trekking & Expedition
    Mount Everest Base Camp and Gokyo Lakes Langtang Ri Trekking & Expedition Mount Everest Base Camp and Gokyo Lakes This trek explores the breath-taking Gokyo valley which is located adjacent of the Khumbu. Gokyo is a land of high altitude lakes and icy glaciers. Here, a hike to the high vantage point of Gokyo Ri (5350-m) will reward you with views of four of the eight highest mountains on earth – all in one panorama! From here, one can see more of Everest (8848-m) and the three other Himalayan giants – Cho Oyu (8153-m), Lhotse(8501-m) and Makalu (8463-m) and some of the great Glaciers, mainly the Ngozumpa Glacier. The small herding settlement of Gokyo (4750m) lies on the banks of the third lake in a series of small turquoise mountain lakes and on the ridge above Gokyo, the four peaks above 8000m of Cho You, Everest, Lhotse and Makalu expose themselves. In addition to this you can have a look at the tremendous ice ridge between ChoYou and Gyachung (7922m), considered one of the most dramatic panoramas in the Khumbu region. There are many options for additional exploration and high-altitude walking, including the crossing of Cho La, a 5420m-high pass into Khumbu and a hike to Gokyo Ri. Your return trek will depart from the standard Gokyo trek as you will take the route back to Namche by crossing the Renjo La pass (5340m) instead of back trekking the Gokyo valley trails. This makes the trek a much more exciting and challenging one. These mountains are magical – and so are your encounters with the Sherpa people, the famous mountain dwellers of this Himalayan wonderland.
    [Show full text]
  • HTN Newsletter Number 6
    3 NUMBER 06 Himalayan Trust Nepal JUL - SEPT QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER 2 0 19 People do not decide to become extraordinary. They decide to accomplish extraordinary things. FOUNDER Sir Edmund Hillary - Sir Edmund Hillary ______________________________ Sir Ed with Sherpas bearing chang and a HONORARY MEMBERS petition for a school. Norbu Tenzing Norgay Phurba Sona Sherpa Reinhold Messner Sir Ed’s Centenary Celebration Prof. Wolfgang Nairz Fabienne Clauss On the occasion of Sir Ed’s 100 year birth anniversary, a grand function was Ingrid Versen th Manfred Haupl organized on 20 July 2019 at the premises of Himalayan Trust Nepal office. The ceremony was attended by more than 160 people from Solukhumbu and BOARD MEMBERS Kathmandu, among which were Member of Parliament of Solukhumbu, Mayor of Pasang Dawa Sherpa Solududhkunda Municipality, Chairman of Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Chairman Municipality, Foreign Affairs Officer from US Embassy, representatives of Nepal Tashi Jangbu Sherpa Vice-chairman Tourism Board (NTB), Trekking Agencies’ Association of Nepal (TAAN), Nepal Pasang Sherpa Lama Mountaineering Association (NMA), Himalayan Rescue Association (HRA), Treasurer NGOs, local kyidugs (associations), scholarship recipients and media personnel. Dr. Mingma Norbu Sherpa Different speakers at the function highlighted unprecedented contribution of Sir Secretary Lhakpa Tenji Lama Ed in the field of education, health, culture, tourism and livelihood. All the Joint Secretary participants offered butter lamp and khada to Sir Ed’s poster and made the day Ang Temba Sherpa a memorable one. Member Pasang Dawa Sherpa Member Dawa Phuti Sherpa Member Yangji Doma Sherpa Member Mr. Mahendra Kathet addressing Ms. Mingma Pradhan Lama addressing Centenary celebration at the premises of HTN office on 20th July 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • A Geologic Guide to the Gokyo Ri Trek: Its Hazards, Nepal’S Hindrances Allison Bolger SIT Study Abroad
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2011 A Geologic Guide to the Gokyo Ri Trek: Its Hazards, Nepal’s Hindrances Allison Bolger SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Nature and Society Relations Commons, and the Tourism Commons Recommended Citation Bolger, Allison, "A Geologic Guide to the Gokyo Ri Trek: Its Hazards, Nepal’s Hindrances" (2011). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 1351. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1351 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Allison Bolger December 8, 2011 A Geologic Guide to the Gokyo Ri Trek: Its Hazards, Nepal’s Hindrances Abstract The purpose of this Independent Research Project is to study the geology of the Gokyo Ri Trek and record it in the form of a publishable, trailside guidebook. This guidebook will not only enhance trekkers’ academic experience with enjoyable, interesting facts about Gokyo’s geology, but will also inform them of the natural hazards all around. From glacial lakes and high mountain peaks to precarious scree slopes and towering ice falls, the geology of Sagarmatha National Park offers more than just rocks and snow. With these natural, yet highly unpredictable wonders and the tourists they attract also comes the power to severely hinder, or possibly even improve, local livelihoods.
    [Show full text]