DOCSLIB.ORG

Largest Advertising Agency Trade Association

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Largest Advertising Agency Trade Association 1 of 148 U.S. Department of State FY 2001 Country Commercial Guide: Italy The Country Commercial Guide for Italy was prepared by U.S. Embassy Rome and released by the Bureau of Economic and Business in July 2000 for Fiscal Year 2001. International Copyright, U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service and the U.S. Department of State, 2000. All rights reserved outside the United States. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY II. ECONOMIC TRENDS AND OUTLOOK Major Trends and Outlook Economic Trends for Agriculture Principal Growth Sectors Government Role in the Economy Balance of Payments Situation Infrastructure III. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT Nature of Political Relationship with the United States Major Political Issues Affecting Business Climate Brief Synopsis of Political System / Major Political Parties Political Environment for Agriculture IV. MARKETING U.S. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Distribution and Sales Channels Use of Agents/Distributors; Finding a Partner Franchising 2 of 148 Direct Marketing Leasing Joint Ventures / Licensing Steps to Establishing an Office Advertising and Trade Promotion Pricing Product Selling Techniques / Service / Customer Support Selling to the Government Need for a Local Attorney Performing Due Diligence Marketing U.S. Agricultural Products and Services V. LEADING SECTORS FOR U.S. EXPORTS AND INVESTMENT Best Prospects for Non-Agricultural Goods and Services Best Prospects for Agricultural Products Significant Investment Opportunities VI. TRADE REGULATIONS, CUSTOMS AND STANDARDS Trade Barriers Customs Regulations/Tariff Rates/Import License Requirements Value-Added Taxes Temporary Goods Entry Requirements Special Import/Export Requirements and Certifications Labeling Requirements Prohibited Imports Warranty and Non-warranty Repairs Export Controls Standards Free Trade Zones/Warehouses Membership in Free Trade Arrangements Customs Contact Information Trade Regulations and Standards for Agriculture VII. INVESTMENT CLIMATE STATEMENT Openness to Foreign Investment Right to Private Ownership and Establishment Protection of Property Rights 3 of 148 Adequacy of Laws and Regulation Governing Commercial Transactions Foreign Trade Zones / Free Ports Major Taxation Issues Affecting U.S. Business Performance Requirements / Incentives Transparency of the Regulatory System Corruption Labor Efficiency of Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment Conversion and Transfer Policies Expropriation and Compensation Dispute Settlements Political Violence Bilateral Investment Agreements OPIC and Other Investment Insurance Programs Capital Outflow Policy Major Foreign Investors Host Country Contact Information for Investment-related Inquiries VIII. TRADE AND PROJECT FINANCING Description of Banking System Foreign Exchange Controls Affecting Trade General Availability of Financing How to Finance Exports / Methods of Payment Export Financing and Insurance Availability of Project Financing List of Banks with Correspondent U.S. Banking Arrangements IX. BUSINESS TRAVEL Business Customs Travel Advisory and Visas Workweek Holidays Business Infrastructure Temporary Entry of Goods 4 of 148 X. ECONOMIC AND TRADE STATISTICS Appendix A: The Domestic Economy Appendix B: Trade Statistics Appendix C: Investment Statistics XI. US AND COUNTRY CONTACTS XII. MARKET RESEARCH XII. TRADE EVENT SCHEDULE I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Country Commercial Guide (CCG) presents a comprehensive look at Italy's commercial environment, using economic, political and market analysis. The CCGs were established by recommendation of the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee (TPCC), a multi-agency task force, to consolidate various reporting documents prepared for the U.S. business community. Country Commercial Guides are prepared annually at U.S. embassies through the combined efforts of several U.S. government agencies. Italy, with world's sixth largest industrial economy, remains in the midst of a process of political and economic transformation. The Italian government continues on a path of budget austerity and privatization, reducing its significant role in the economy. As this rationalization of the economy moves forward, Italy should offer even more opportunities for U.S. firms, both as a destination for exports and a point for investment. Italy is the slowest growing country among the 11 founding members of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and is likely to remain so through 2000. This reflects the substantial fiscal tightening and restrictive monetary policy needed to get into the EMU and structural impediments that discourage investment and job creation. Italy’s real GDP grew 1.4 percent in 1999, significantly less that the 2.9 percent growth in the Euro-11 area and the 2.2 percent of all industrialized economies. Domestic demand remained the dominant factor in GDP growth, while the contribution of net exports was negative. Most economic forecasters expect GDP growth to accelerate in 2000 to 2.8% and slightly below 3 percent in 2001. 5 of 148 Exports decreased slightly while imports grew, with the result that the trade surplus of $20.4 billion in 1999 (1.7% of GDP) was over 40 percent smaller than the 1998 surplus balance of $36.3 billion (3.1% of GDP). A modest surplus of 0.3% of GDP is forecast for 2000. This is the result of the weakness of the euro and high oil and raw material prices and their impact on import prices. Through 1999 Italy reduced foreign exchange reserves to $40.8 billion, down from the level at end 1998 ($54.8 billion). On inflation, Italy is now firmly within norms specified for Economic and Monetary Union, a major achievement for this historically inflation-prone country. Though still relatively high by European standards, consumer inflation stood around two percent in 1997, 1998 and 1999. Due to the increase of oil prices and to the strengthening of the dollar vis-à-vis the euro consumer inflation is expected to accelerate 2.4 percent in 2000. The 1992 and 1993 agreements on wage adjustments, which have helped keep wage pressures on inflation low, have been renewed by December 1998 and will be effective through 2002. Besides guidelines for wage negotiations, the new pact cuts some labor costs and includes incentives from investment and worker training. The key economic challenges facing Italy are keeping the government deficit under control, continuing efforts to reduce the high level of government debt, reducing unemployment, addressing structural rigidities of the Italian market and improving public administration. The Italian market is mature and highly competitive, demanding high quality products and services. The market is very open to U.S. items, particularly innovative and niche market products, services and technologies. European Union (EU) changes to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and Italy's implementation of EU harmonized phytosanitary and sanitary regulations should offer fresh opportunities for U.S. agricultural exports. For example, the continued move toward a fully integrated single European market should aid U.S. high value, convenience, and health food products. The realignment of the distribution sector toward larger chains and more competitive pricing should also aid U.S. exports. Italy’s participation in the “euro” will simplify trade for those companies exporting to several EU countries. It also creates opportunities for U.S. companies with technologies and services that can assist Italian firms compete in the more integrated European market. However, these changes also will benefit European competitors who are increasing their presence in the Italian market through mergers and joint ventures with Italian firms. U.S. companies, already well known for innovation, will have to continue to emphasize the quality of their products as well as focus on price and service to maintain or develop their market share. The U.S. exporter also should be aware that to be successful in Italy they need to establish linkages with Italian representatives or partners and be flexible in their approach to this market. 6 of 148 II. ECONOMIC TRENDS AND OUTLOOK MAJOR TRENDS AND OUTLOOK Italy is the slowest growing country among the 11 founding members of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and is likely to remain so through 2000. This reflects the substantial fiscal tightening and restrictive monetary policy needed to get into the EMU and structural impediments that discourage investment and job creation. Italy’s real GDP grew 1.4 percent in 1999, significantly less that the 2.9 percent growth in the Euro-11 area and the 2.2 percent of all industrialized economies. Domestic demand remained the dominant factor in GDP growth, while the contribution of net exports was negative. Most economic forecasters expect GDP growth to accelerate in 2000 to 2.8% and slightly below 3 percent in 2001. Exports decreased slightly while imports grew, with the result that the trade surplus of $20.4 billion in 1999 (1.7% of GDP) was over 40 percent smaller than the 1998 surplus balance of $36.3 billion (3.1% of GDP). A modest surplus of 0.3% of GDP is forecast for 2000. This is the result of the weakness of the euro and high oil and raw material prices and their impact on import prices. Through 1999 Italy reduced foreign exchange reserves to $40.8 billion, down from the level at end 1998 ($54.8 billion). On inflation, Italy is now firmly within norms specified for Economic and Monetary Union, a major achievement for this historically inflation-prone country. Though still relatively high by European standards, consumer inflation stood
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Monthly Bulletin European Documentation
    EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF PARLIAMENTARY DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION MONTHLY BULLETIN OF EUROPEAN DOCUMENTATION .. lU 0.. Seventh Year July 1965 C 0 N T E N T S •====·=-----==== P a r t I DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION page I. GENERAL PROBLEMS 3 1. The breakdown in the Brussels negotiations and its sequel • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • 3 2. General de Gaulle's visit to Bonn,,,........... 4 3. Mrs. K~te Strobel discusses the financial future of the EEC •.................................... 5 4. An appeal by the "Europa-Union" to the Bundestag 6 5. German Bar Conference in Augsbur~ .•.••.•.•••••• 7 6. Italian university teachers and the European University . • . • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • . 8 7. Statement by the European Federal Movement ••••• 10 8. European problems debated on Italian television 11 II. ECONOMIC POLICY AND ECONOMIC SECTORS ...•.••••••••• 13 1. The Common Market and International Monetary Questions . • • • • • • • . • • • . • • . • • • . • . • • . • . • . • . 13 2. The Eighth General Report on Euratom's activi- ties discussed in Rome by Professor Carelli •••• 15 3. A conference of European miners in Italy .•••••• 16 4. The Italian Minister for Agriculture on relations with the EEC .••••••• ~ . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • . • • • 17 5. Italian agriculture and EEC policy............. 18 6. The railway executives of the Six on the common transport policy ••••••.•••••••••• ~............. 20 III. EXTERNAL RELATIONS . •
    [Show full text]
  • Regulatory Framework Examplesdocument of Good Legal Practice
    Bringing Organisations & Network Development to higher levels in the Farming sector in Europe www.bondproject.eu BOND PROJECT New Solutions for Collective Action REGULATORY FRAMEWORK EXAMPLESDOCUMENT OF GOOD LEGAL PRACTICE the future of europe’s Foods & Landscapes BOND Regulatory Framework Report Best Legal Practice for Small Farmers prepared by Kisléptékű Termékelőállítók és Szolgáltatók Országos Egyesülete Hungary November 30, 2019 Edited: Andrea Szabadkai Ágnes Major Katalin Kujáni Authors: Andrea Szabadkai Katalin Kujáni Ibolya Lámfalusi Péter Kajner Ágnes Major Flóra Orosz Dorottya Szabó Author of Chapter II: Ibolya Lámfalusi Contributed: Dávid Abonyi Gézáné Jancsó Report was finished on November 30, 2019 Responsibility for the information and views set out in this report lies entirely with the authors. This report is part of the BOND project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 774208. 2 Table of Content I. Executive summary .................................................................................................................................. 5 II. Sustainable farming ............................................................................................................................ 10 II.1 Promotion of cooperation by setting a broad definition of family farming and agricultural activities ......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Italy and Possible Implications for Eurozone Stability
    ITALY IMPLICATIONS Italy and possible implications for eurozone stability After Italy’s unsuccessful push for reform at the EU Summit last month, many of its European partners may be tempted to write-off the country’s concerns. However, this somewhat complacent stance may be dangerous in that it underestimates the recent shift in Italian political dynamics that culminated in the formation of an unexpected coalition government and the extent to which this may impact financial markets and potentially EU stability. Erik Jones Abstract: Italy’s recent election surprised many are not natural political allies. While there are observers who expected a hung parliament areas of policy overlap, the diverse nature of and who were subsequently caught off guard the M5S’s political movement, its relatively by the success of the right-wing Lega and the more expensive policy agenda, and Lega’s populist Five Star Movement (M5S). This growing strength all suggest maintaining a outcome can be attributed to an increasingly united front may prove difficult. Nevertheless, volatile Italian electorate and a shift in political this unexpected political partnership ought dynamics brought about by the economic and not to be written-off by European partners. financial crisis. As the protracted coalition Finding ways to interact with Italy’s new negotiations demonstrated, the Lega and M5S government poses a considerable challenge 81 to EU leaders and, subsequently, the outlook Conte’s success with this complex agenda for EU macroeconomic governance reforms was not obvious. Moreover, there is nothing and financial markets’ stability. However, surprising in this lack of accomplishment. such efforts will be necessary to stabilize the Few heads of state or government achieve all eurozone and contain anti-EU sentiment.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability and Organic Farming in the Light of Conventions Theory
    Master´s Thesis, 30 credits Sustainable Enterprising Master´s programme 2008/10, 120 credits Sustainability and organic farming in the light of conventions theory The example of the Hungarian organic sector Orsolya Erdélyi Stockholm University Stockholm Resilience Centre Sustainable Enterprising Master’s Programme Sustainability and organic farming in the light of conventions theory The example of the Hungarian organic sector by Orsolya Erdélyi Supervisor: Ulf Jonsson, Professor at the Economic History Department, Stockholm University Master’s Thesis 30 ECTS Spring term 2010 I Abstract The globalization and industrialization of food sector created a need for food traceability. Alternative food networks, such as organic farming, can serve this purpose by offering an alternative to the conventional food and by regaining the trust between the producer and the consumer. Organic agriculture is assumed to be more sustainable than the industrial one. However, there is a misconception of the concepts “sustainable agriculture” and “organic farming”. In Hungary the contradiction of high export of organic raw materials and high import of processed organic food from the main export countries was experienced in the 1990s. But lately the import volume decreased, and the high export remained combined with low domestic organic consumption. It is important to see how the actors involved in the organic sector perceive the sustainability of the Hungarian organic sector. The research question is: How do different actors perceive sustainability in the Hungarian organic food sector in the light of conventions theory? In order to find the answer 10 actors with different profiles were interviewed. Semi- structured qualitative interviews were carried out.
    [Show full text]
  • Workshop Urban Node Genova
    Workshop urban node Genova Summary report on outcomes and conclusions Tuesday 12 June 2018 Palazzo San Giorgio - Genova Version: 1.0 Date: 20.07-2018 Authors: Kevin van der Linden and Raymond Linssen in cooperation with IIC Instituto Internazionale delle Comunicazioni and Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mar Ligure Occidentale (Ports of Genoa) The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EASME nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 769458 Table of contents 1 Introduction Vital Nodes project ................................................................ 3 1.1 Vital Nodes workshop Genova .................................................................................3 1.2 Outcomes .................................................................................................................4 1.3 Follow-up..................................................................................................................4 2 Opening Interventions – overview of Genova Context............................. 5 2.1 Fingerprint of the urban node Genova ......................................................................5 2.1.1 Characteristics of the urban node Genova .........................................................5 2.1.2
    [Show full text]
  • AKIS and Advisory Services in Italy Report for the AKIS Inventory (WP3)
    AKIS and advisory services in Italy Report for the AKIS inventory (WP3) of the PRO AKIS project May 2014 Author Monica Caggiano French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) Contact: [email protected] This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 311994. Please reference this report as follows: Caggiano, M. (2014): AKIS and advisory services in Italy. Report for the AKIS inventory (WP3) of the PRO AKIS project. Online resource: www.proakis.eu/publicationsandevents/pubs 2 Executive summary The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive description of the Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (AKIS) in Italy, with a particular focus on agricultural advisory services. The description includes history, policy, funding, advisory methods and a section on how the Farm Advisory System (FAS) was implemented. This report represents an output of the PRO AKIS project (Prospects for Farmers’ Support: Advisory Services in the European Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems’). It is one of 27 country reports that were produced in 2013 by project partners and subcontractors for compiling an inventory of Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems. AKIS describe the exchange of knowledge and supporting services between many diverse actors from the first, second or third sector in rural areas. AKIS provide farmers with relevant knowledge and networks around innovations in agriculture. Findings from the 27 country reports were presented at three regional workshops across Europe in February and March 2014, discussed with stakeholders and experts, and subsequent feedback was integrated into the reports.
    [Show full text]
  • The Higher the Quality of Green Space
    GREENTECH Technological advances inspiring action DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY Precision agriculture: more than a buzz phrase FloraCulture COLOMBIA VERSUS ECUADOR International Giants of WWW.FLORACULTUREINTERNATIONAL.COM South American MAY - JUNE 2019 floriculture THE HIGHER THE QUALITY OF GREEN SPACE... the more likely is it to be used Come and see, visit them all. You are more than welcome Participants 14 Dutch Lily Days 2019 Participants 1 P. A ker 2 Van den Bos Flowerbulbs 3 BOT Flowerbulbs 4 De Jong Lelies Holland 5 Lily Company 6 Mak Breeding 7 Onings Holland Flowerbulbs 8 C. Steenvoorden 9 GAV’s Lilies 10 Gebr. Vletter & Den Haan 12 6 11 VWS Flowerbulbs 13 5 3 4 12 World Breeding 11 1 Alkmaar 13 Zabo Plant 14 Royal van Zanten 14 Amsterdam 8 9 10 Utrecht Den Haag Arnhem >> 7 2 Eindhoven >> Rotterdam Join us on a spectacular journey of GYP-INSPIRED WEDDINGS from around the world Gypsophila www.danzigeronline.com | FROM THE EDITOR DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY At Fleuroselect’s Breeders & Young Plant Producers Conference, keynote speaker Deborah Nas, Professor of Strategic Design for Technology-based Innovation at the Technical University of Delft provided a look into the future and the impact of disruptive technology. She distinguished between first movers and fast followers with the latter fearing tech disruption because they, as most humans, are accustomed to the way the world is and find it hard to give up well-established, proven frameworks. The first movers in tech disruption are the true pioneers, the daredevils who are ready to take risky challenges. In horticulture, think engineering company Jentjes which in 2007 partnered with Dutch rose grower Marjoland, Wageningen University and Dutch glasshouse sector body LTO to introduce the first robot in a greenhouse.
    [Show full text]
  • Medardo Rosso, Sculptor of Light
    Free Issue All Things Italian in New York Year 3, Issue 3-4, March-April 2015 $ 3.50 Watch us on i-Italy | TV NYC LIFE - Channel 25: Saturdays 11:30pM & Sundays 1:00pM in the NYC metropolitan area on all cable operators and on the air WEb TV: go to www.i-ItalyTV.com AppLE TV: download our iphone app and connect to your TV Save the Beauty Save the Saint Donate now! A crowdfunding initiative launched in New York to help preserve Mother Cabrini’s spire on the Duomo of Milan. Events Dining Out & In Ideas Tourism Italy in New York: SD26’s 5th anniversary. Living Italian in New Cilento National park: Culture, Art, and prova: Neapolitan with a York: Fashion, Design, Gateway to the True Special Events modern twist. And more... Books & Music Mezzogiorno Contents staff&info Free Issue All Things Italian in New York Year 3, Issue 3-4, March-April 2015 $ 3.50 ➜ Watch us on i-Italy | TV 18 NYC LIFE - Channel 25: Saturdays 11:30PM & Sundays 1:00PM in the NYC metropolitan area on all cable operators and on the air WEB TV: go to www.i-ItalyTV.com APPLE TV: download our iPhone app and connect to your TV Interview with F. Murray Abrahams Italy Is My Second Home, Save the It’s That Simple! Beauty Save the Focus ■ by Francine Segan Saint Donate now! A crowfunding initiative launched in New York to help preserve Mother Cabrini’s gargoyle on the Duomo of Milan. ➜20 Events Dining Out & In Ideas Tourism Italy in New York: Eating a Real Pizza in NY.
    [Show full text]
  • SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018 Consolidated Non-Financial Statement Pursuant to Legislative Decree No
    SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ENVIRONMENT 2018 Consolidated Non-Financial Statement pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 254/2016 AND CLIMATE CHANGE CUSTOMERS AND PRODUCTS RESEARCH AND INNOVATION SUPPLIERS QUALITY PEOPLE COMMUNITY GOVERNANCE FINCANTIERI GROUP SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018 Consolidated Non-Financial Statement pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 254/2016 FINCANTIERI GROUP FINCANTIERI GROUP I NDICE LETTER FROM THE CHIEF PEOPLE 61 COMMUNITIES 133 EXECUTIVE OFFICER 4 People in numbers 63 Our initiatives 135 Recruitment policies, management Fincantieri Foundation 141 THE FINCANTIERI PLANET 6 and enhancement of human capital 65 Training and development 66 ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE THE FINCANTIERI GROUP 9 Diversity and equal opportunities 69 CHANGE 143 Our history: the bond with the sea 12 Health and safety 71 Environmental management system 144 Group overview 14 Company welfare 75 Environmental aspects 146 Vision, mission and values 16 Industrial relations 76 Environmental investments 152 Business model 17 Remuneration 77 Economic value for stakeholders 19 ANNEXES 155 Economic satellite businesses 20 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION 79 Methodological note 156 Memberships and participation in A clear vision for 2030 80 Description of material topics 160 associations 22 Structured processes for innovation 81 GRI content index 162 The role of Cetena 83 Independent auditors’ report on the SUSTAINABILITY FOR FINCANTIERI 25 Widespread network 83 consolidated non-financial statement 174 Sustainability governance 26 Main projects 88 Our stakeholders 28 Our
    [Show full text]
  • Commoning Food and Food Systems. the Contribution of Social Innovation from Solidarity Economy
    agriculture Article (Re)Commoning Food and Food Systems. The Contribution of Social Innovation from Solidarity Economy Adanella Rossi 1,*, Mario Coscarello 2 and Davide Biolghini 3 1 Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy 2 Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; [email protected] 3 Forum Cooperazione e Tecnologia, 20146 Milano, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The need for a transition to sustainable food systems is widely recognised. Over the last three decades, movements have been demanding and proposing a radical transformation, foregrounding the social values of food. Experiences inspired by solidarity economy have given rise to highly innovative pathways, grounded on the redefinition of the food-related values and practices and the reconstruction of local, community-based food systems by referring to social and ecological sustainability. One can usefully draw from these experiences for identifying challenges, opportunities and benefits and for analysing the most effective modes of action leading to the creation of alternatives. Capturing and supporting this innovation is particularly important when looking at the opportunities offered by local food policies. This significantly involves the meanings, goals and forms that food governance takes on. The paper aims at investigating these aspects, reading the initiatives inspired by SE principles as an example of social innovation. Their engagement Citation: Rossi, A.; Coscarello, M.; in re-signifying food in terms of “commons” and in “commoning” food systems constitutes a Biolghini, D. (Re)Commoning Food and Food Systems. The Contribution complementary key of analysis. Focusing on the Italian context, the paper draws on many years of of Social Innovation from Solidarity qualitative research and direct involvement in these initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Italian Agriculture a 'Pull Factor' for Irregular Migration - And, If So, Why? December 2018
    IS ITALIAN AGRICULTURE A ‘PULL FACTOR’ FOR IRREGULAR MIGRATION – AND, IF SO, WHY? © 2018 Open Society Foundations uic b n dog. This publication is available as a PDF on the Open Society Foundations website under a Creative Commons license that allows copying and distributing the publication, only in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the Open Society Foundations and used for noncommercial educational or public policy purposes. Photographs may not be used separately from the publication. Authors: Alessandra Corrado with contributions from Francesco Saverio Caruso; Martina Lo Cascio, Michele Nori; Letizia Palumbo; Anna Triandafyllidou Cover photo: © Piet den Blanken/Hollandse Hoogte/Redux opensocietyfoundations.org Is italian agriculture a 'pull factor' for irregular migration - and, if so, why? December 2018 CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION: UNPACKING THE DEMAND FOR UNDECLARED WORK IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN SOUTHERN ITALY 4 METHODOLOGY AND SCOPE 5 FACTORS DRIVING DEMAND FOR UNDECLARED AND SEVERELY EXPLOITATIVE WORK IN AGRICULTURE IN SOUTHERN ITALY 5 A. Historical trends and patterns of migrant involvement in agri-food production 10 B. Value chain dynamics and the impact of transport systems, retailers and market factors 12 C. Organised crime and corruption 12 D. Recruitment practices – the role of ‘caporalato’ 15 THE IMPACT OF EU AND ITALIAN POLICIES 15 EU Policies 15 a. Migration and asylum 15 b. Labour migration 16 c. Labour mobility in the EU 17 d. Policies on trafficking and exploitation 17 e. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 18 Italian Policies 18 a. Migration and asylum 20 b. Exploitation and trafficking 23 THE SOUTHERN EUROPEAN CONTEXT: SIMILAR CHALLENGES IN GREECE AND SPAIN 27 GOOD PRACTICES AGAINST LABOUR EXPLOITATION 30 CONCLUDING REMARKS 33 References 1 Is italian agriculture a 'pull factor' for irregular migration - and, if so, why? December 2018 INTRODUCTION: UNPACKING THE DEMAND FOR UNDECLARED WORK IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN SOUTHERN ITALY In September 2017, the European Commission context of neo-liberal globalization.
    [Show full text]
  • Euro Fair Statistics 2011 INTRODUCTION
    Euro Fair Statistics Euro Fair Statistics Audited Key Figures of Exhibitions in Europe Austria Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Facts about Euro Fair Statistics 4 Moldavia Introduction 5 Poland UFI message 6 Portugal Definitions 8 Romania Location of events 12 Russia Lists of used codes 13 Slovak Republic Event data by city 20 Slovenia Spain Sweden The Netherlands Turkey Ukraine FACTS ABOUT EURO FAIR STATISTICS The 2011 edition contains the audited statistics of 2 248 Rented space Number of events exhibitions from the following 21 countries: Industry sector (UFI code) sqm % % Austria 23 Leisure, Hobby, Entertainment (3) 2 911 856 13% 311 14% Bulgaria 6 General (27) 2 112 045 9% 139 6% Croatia 5 Czech Republic 53 Furniture, Interior design (12) 2 023 406 9% 148 7% Finland 88 Construction, Infrastructure (5) 2 007 775 9% 156 7% France 565 Germany 215 Engineering, Industrial, Manufacturing, Machines, Instruments, Hardware (19) 1 943 482 9% 141 6% Hungary 26 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery (1) 1 693 754 8% 127 6% Italy 176 Moldavia 1 Textiles, Apparel, Fashion (25) 1 595 371 7% 176 8% Poland 208 Food and Beverage, Hospitality (2) 1 309 056 6% 179 8% Portugal 32 Transport, Logistics, Maritime (26) 1 242 149 6% 74 3% Romania 7 Russia 87 Automobiles, Motorcycles (16) 1 022 872 5% 70 3% Slovak Republic 3 Premium, Household, Gifts, Toys (13) 967 350 4% 52 2% Slovenia 1 Spain 232 Health, Medical Equipment (22) 675 619 3% 114 5% Sweden 49 Business Services, retail (4) 622 019 3% 114 5% The Netherlands 16 Turkey 419 Travel (6) 513 074 2% 26 1% Ukraine 36 IT and Telecommunications (21) 423 126 2% 41 2% Energy, Oil, Gas (9) 406 841 2% 38 2% At these events, organized by 564 organizers, a total of Electronics, Components (18) 395 266 2% 34 2% 602 526 exhibitors, 62.6 million visitors and 22.35 million square metres of rented space were registered.
    [Show full text]