Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for Dummies

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Index

PTSD resources, 120, 243, 343 • A • PTSD risk factors, 119 abuse. See specific types recovery timeframe, 207 acamprosate, 175 recovery tips, 118–123 accident, traumatic relapse risk, 214 personal stories, 152 stress of loved ones, 249 physical exam, 96 teen’s symptoms, 64 PTSD myths, 334 therapy tips, 121–123 trauma triggers, 14, 17, 39 Alcoholics Anonymous (support accompanying disorders, 52–59. See also group), 243 specific disorders Alcoholscreening.org (Web site), 120 Acupressure & Reflexology For Dummies alprazolam, 173 (Dempsey and Andrews), 190 always/never thought, 135 acute PTSD, 29 Ambien (medication), 174 acute stress disorder, 26–27 American Association of Pastoral ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), 88 Counselors, 104 addiction. See alcohol abuse; drug abuse American Self-Help Group adolescent. See teen Clearinghouse, 343 adrenaline, 33, 67 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 88 advanced practice nurse, 102 amitriptyline, 172 advice, for PTSD sufferer, 325 amygdala, 34, 35 African Americans, 13 anchoring strategy, 182, 278 age, of sufferer Andrews, Synthia (Acupressure & children’s treatment, 296 Reflexology For Dummies), 190 PTSD risk factors, 30–31 anemia, 96 agoraphobia anger definition, 48 borderline personality disorder, 56 example, 50 caregiver strategies, 319 overview, 54 children’s recovery, 306 PTSD resources, 343 family’s feelings, 247, 256–260 Agoraphobics Building Independent Lives request for help, 261 (Web site), 343 signs of recovery, 337 agreement, caregiver–sufferer, 260 with toxic people, 115 alcohol abuse anniversary, of trauma, 209 adult children, 324 anorexia, 50, 58–59 CBT combined treatment, 161–162 anti-anxiety medication, 172–173 consult with pediatrician, 291 anticonvulsant medication, 175 effectiveness of CBT, 138 antidepressant medication fear of diagnosis, 90, 91 children’s treatment, 301 medications, 175 organization, 233 nutrition, 222 overview, 170 overview, 55–56 types, 170–172 29_049228 bindex.qxp 9/24/07 11:59 PM Page 357

Index 357

National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 343 • O • National Domestic Violence Hotline, obesity, 51, 222, 224 113, 341 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 54 National Eating Disorders Association, 343 obstructive sleep apnea, 193 National Institute of Mental Health, 326, 342 odor, as trigger, 40 National Mental Health Information Office for Victims of Crime, 104 Center, 104 older adult, 31, 242 National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, 341 omega-3 fatty acid, 224 National Technical Information Service, 13 omen formation, 62 National Vietnam Veterans Art Museum, 189 one-side-of-the-equation thought, 135 natural disaster. See also specific disasters open communication, 251–252, 255 PTSD risk factors, 36 optimism sense of calm, 307 caregiver strategies, 317 trauma triggers, 14, 15–16 children’s recovery, 311 needs, personal PTSD risk factors, 31 acceptance of help, 260–262 signs of recovery, 202, 338 caregiver strategies, 318–319 organization strategies, 232–233 nefazodone, 172 Organizing For Dummies (Roth and negative thinking. See also pessimism Miles), 233 CBT changes, 136–137 overeating, 59 CBT patterns, 133–136 overgeneralizing thought, 135 CBT process, 141, 146–151 overidentifying behavior, 267 relapse tips, 219 oxazepam, 173 sexual intimacy, 235 neglectful partner, 320–321 negotiation, with child, 303 • P • Network for Good (Web site), 241 pain networking tips, 105–106 alcohol/drug abuse, 55 neurofeedback, 141, 192–194 eating disorders, 59 neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), emotional anesthesia, 46 180–184 PTSD symptoms, 51–52 neuron, 166–169, 171 relationship health, 275 neurotransmitter, 168, 169 self-injury, 57 new experiences, 239–240 trauma triggers, 40 newspaper resources, 79 Pamelor (medication), 172 nightmare panic attack acute stress disorder, 26 exercise cautions, 226 sleep strategies, 76, 231–232 multiple channel exposure therapy, Norpramin (medication), 172 159–160 nortriptyline, 172 overview, 48 numb feeling symptoms, 54 overview, 45–47 paradigm shift, in treatment, 146 stress disorders, 25, 26 paranoia, feeling of, 56 nurse, function of, 100, 102, 310 nutrition. See diet 29_049228 bindex.qxp 9/24/07 11:59 PM Page 358

358 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder For Dummies

parent. See also family physical health of adult sufferers, 322–324 caregiver strategies, 316, 325 children’s reaction to PTSD, 265–268 diagnostic questions, 88 children’s therapy, 296, 302–309 dietary tips, 222–224 PTSD risk factors, 31 employer-provided benefits, 280 PTSD resources, 344 enjoyment of life, 238–242 Parents of Murdered Children (support exercise strategies, 224–226 group), 241 foreshortening, 47 paroxetine, 171, 233 overview, 221–222 partner. See family relaxation techniques, 227–229 part-time work, 280 sexual intimacy, 234–238 past experience. See also memory sleep, 231–232 future goals, 271–272 stress management, 232–233 positive effects, 282–284 wellness plans, 242–243 pastoral counselor, 102, 264 physician patience, of caregiver, 316 child’s PTSD, 292–293 Paxil (medication), 171, 233 coexisting mental disorders, 124 PDR (Physicians’ Desk Reference), 177 diagnostic assessment, 93–97 PDRhealth (Web site), 343 fear of diagnosis, 90–91 pediatrician, 288–292 medication prescription, 164 perfection, need for, 215–216, 266 questions about medication, 175–177 personality support group referral, 79 borderline personality disorder, 56 treatment plan, 97 PTSD risk factors, 31 treatment team, 103 therapist selection, 106–108 visit preparation, 92–93 toxic people, 115–118 Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR), 177 perspective, of sufferer, 283, 294–295 placebo effect, 191 pessimism. See also negative thinking play activity fear of diagnosis, 91 children’s symptoms, 61 PTSD risk factors, 31 children’s therapy, 299–301 PTSD symptoms, 45 enjoyment of life, 241–242 recovery tips, 114–118 poetry writing, as therapeutic, 190 signs of recovery, 338 police officer, as risk group, 17, 22 pet, company of, 75 positive reinforcement, 255 physical abuse positive self-talk, 141, 235 emergency numbers, 341 pregnancy trauma, 51 partner strategies, 321 premature ejaculation, 235–236 personal stories, 148 preoccupation, with objects, 61 PTSD incidence, 13 prevalence of PTSD, 12–14 PTSD types, 29 preventive treatment recovery environment, 112–113 cognitive behavioral therapy, 70 self-injury, 58 immediate actions, 66–69 trauma triggers, 17 overview, 65–66 physical awareness technique, 218 self-help strategies, 70–80 physical exam, 95–97 principal, school, 310 29_049228 bindex.qxp 9/24/07 11:59 PM Page 359

Index 359

progressive relaxation, 73 recovery, from PTSD prolonged exposure therapy, 138, 146 children’s healing, 305–312 propranolol, 66–68, 173, 174 demonstration of, 273 Prozac (medication), 171 early milestones, 202 psychiatrist goals, 204 children’s medication, 302 overview, 201–202 overview, 101 personal stories, 203 prescription authority, 164 process, 204–205 relationship with, 109 signs, 337–340 selection, 103–109 stages, 202–207 psychodynamic therapy, 185–186 timeframe, 207–208 psychogenic amnesia, 45 Red Cross, 71, 344 psychological abuse, 112–113 reframing technique, 182 psychological first aid. See crisis refugee, as risk group, 12 intervention Registered Play Therapist (RPT), 301 psychological problem. See also specific rehearsal tool, 216–217, 257 problems rejection, sense of, 306 coexisting problems, 123–125, 165, 208 relapse, suffering from, 213–219 effectiveness of CBT, 137 relaxation response, 228 individualized treatment, 53, 54 relaxation techniques PTSD risk factors, 31 children’s recovery, 307–308 PTSD symptoms, 52–59 hypnotherapy, 188 psychological support, 275 overview, 191–192 psychologist physical health, 227–229 overview, 101–102 relapse risk, 214 relationship with, 109 self-help strategies, 72–74, 192 selection, 103–109 sexual intimacy, 235 PTSD Forum (Web site), 326, 343 simple lifestyle, 238, 239 PubMed (Web site), 342 stress inoculation training, 141 punishment, self-injury as, 58 workplace tips, 278 religious belief, sensitivity of therapist, 108 Remeron (medication), 172 • R • remorse, feelings of, 273 ramelteon (sleep aid), 174 repetitive transcranial magnetic rape stimulation (rTMS), 194–195 incidence, 16 repressed memory therapy, 186, 187 personal stories, 147, 322 rescue team, as risk group, 15, 22 sexual intimacy, 234–238 research, PTSD, 197, 297 trauma triggers, 14, 17 resentment, feelings of, 247–248, 272 rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), resilience, of children, 308 158–159 responsibility rationalizing strategy, 119 adult children, 323–324 reading care for family, 252 for pleasure, 238 distortion, 149 PTSD resources, 345–346 restitution, providing, 273 readjustment counseling, 105 Restoril (medication), 173 29_049228 bindex.qxp 9/24/07 11:59 PM Page 360

360 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder For Dummies

reversible inhibitor of monoamine self-help strategy oxidase A (RIMA), 172 basic needs fulfillment, 71–72 ReVia (medication), 175 control issues, 77 rewind technique, 183 diet and exercise, 76–77 Roth, Eileen (Organizing For Dummies), 233 education about trauma, 72 routine, daily, 307, 316 exercise, 225–226 Rozerem (medication), 174 overview, 70–71 RPT (Registered Play Therapist), 301 relaxation techniques, 72–74, 192 rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic resource books, 345 stimulation), 194–195 support groups, 78–80 self-injury complex PTSD symptoms, 50 • S • overview, 57–58 S.A.F.E. Alternatives (Web site), 343 teen’s symptoms, 64 Safe Horizon (Web site), 113 sensitivity, with child, 311 safety issues sensory trigger, 40 CBT combined treatments, 161 separation anxiety, 61 CBT process, 147–148 September 11th attacks, 16, 36, 162 consult with pediatrician, 291 Serax (medication), 173 family’s feelings, 247 serotonin, 169, 170–172 Internet chats, 265 serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake recovery tips, 112–113 inhibitor (SNRI), 169, 171–172 self-help strategies, 77 sertraline, 138, 171, 226 Salvation Army (charitable agency), 71 Serzone (medication), 172 scapegoat personality, 116–117 sexual abuse schedule, daily, 125, 307 emergency resources, 341 school PTSD incidence, 13 children’s recovery, 310–311 PTSD types, 29 children’s symptoms, 62 recovery environment, 112–113 consult with pediatrician, 289 renewed sexual intimacy, 234–238 shootings, 13, 14 self-injury, 58 teen’s symptoms, 63 trauma triggers, 14 second opinion, from doctor, 302 sexual intimacy secondary trauma, 22 diagnostic questions, 87 secondhand stress, 248–250 personal stories, 322 seizure, 194 physical health, 234–238 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor teen’s symptoms, 63, 64 (SSRI), 170–171 trauma triggers, 40 selegiline (an MAOI), 172 shame, of sufferer self-affirmation, 236, 278 complex PTSD symptoms, 50 self-compassion, 274 self-injury, 57, 58 self-defense class, 77 substance abuse, 121 self-esteem sharing, through communication, 181 caregiver strategies, 319–320 shell shock, 11 effects of toxic people, 114–118 Sidran Institute (Web site), 106, 326, 342 sexual intimacy, 236 simple PTSD, 28 signs of recovery, 338, 339 Six-Step Pause Tool, 217–218 29_049228 bindex.qxp 9/24/07 11:59 PM Page 361

Index 361

skin problem, 51 management tips, 140–141, 232–233 sleep apnea, 96, 193 pause tool, 217–218 sleep issues PTSD incidence, 18 children’s recovery, 307, 308 PTSD risk factors, 31 exercise, 225 risk for substance abuse, 119 medications, 174 signs of recovery, 337 nightmare-reducing techniques, 231–232 therapy setback, 209 physical health, 96, 231–232 toxic people, 118 PTSD symptoms, 193 versus trauma, 23–24 self-help strategies, 74–76 trauma triggers, 40 signs of recovery, 340 typical reactions to, 24–26 stress of loved ones, 249 workplace tips, 278–279 smiling, for healing, 239 subjective unit of distress (SUD), 144 SNRI (serotonin and norepinephrine Substance Abuse and Mental Health reuptake inhibitor), 169, 171–172 Services Administration, 120 social phobia, 54, 55 suicide Social Security benefits, 281–282 borderline personality disorder, 56 social worker, 100, 102 children’s medications, 301 soldier, of war confidentiality breach, 327 biofeedback therapy, 193 consult with pediatrician, 291 diagnosis, 98 emergency helplines, 341 disability benefits, 282 relapse signs, 219 family therapy, 264 selective serotonin reuptake homecoming stress, 39 inhibitors, 170 online support groups, 315 teen’s symptoms, 64 personal stories, 150, 156 untreated PTSD, 19 PTSD history, 11, 18 support group PTSD myths, 332 caregiver resources, 314–315 PTSD resources, 282, 343–344, 346 children’s recovery, 309 PTSD risk factors, 37 overview, 78 PTSD types, 29 pros and cons, 78–79 therapist selection, 103, 105 resources, 342–343 trauma triggers, 17 selection, 79–80 solution awareness technique, 218 support, relationship, 275 Sonata (medication), 174 survivor The Sopranos (television series), 185 guilt of, 151 sound, as trauma trigger, 40 recovery stages, 205–206 spouse. See family swish technique, 182 SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake symptoms of PTSD. See also specific inhibitor), 170–171 symptoms stalker, 16, 113 accompanying psychological disorders, Stalking Resource Center, 113 52–59 Stockholm syndrome, 50 caregiver tips, 327 stomach pain, 51, 52, 61 children, 59–62, 287–292 stress complex PTSD, 49–50 acute disorder, 26–27 core (simple PTSD), 28 art therapy, 189 depression, 53 effects of exercise, 224–225 diagnostic questions, 84–89 inoculation training, 140–141 family therapy, 262–263 29_049228 bindex.qxp 9/24/07 11:59 PM Page 362

362 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder For Dummies

symptoms of PTSD (continued) families, 103, 105, 262–265 main types, 44–48 first appointment, 126–127 medication treatments, 165, 169–175 versus medication, 165 overview, 9, 10, 43–44 overview, 179–180 physical problems, 51–52, 193 plans, 125–126 preparation for doctor’s visit, 92 PTSD myths, 333, 335 psychological types, 52-59 recovery stages, 205–207 PTSD definition, 28 research, 197 of relapse, 219 setbacks in, 208–210 teens, 62–64 substance abuse issues, 121–123 workplace communication, 279 supplemental therapy considerations, synapse, brain, 168 195–196 systematic desensitization, 145 timeframe, 207–208 Thought Field Therapy, 189–190 thriver recovery stage, 206–207 • T • thyroid, 95 tai chi, 192 time tapping therapy, 189–191 PTSD myths, 332–333, 334, 335 teacher, child’s, 310 skew, 39, 62 technology, organizing with, 233 therapy timeline, 207–208 teen TIR (traumatic incident reduction), complex PTSD, 29 184–185 domestic abuse incidence, 16 TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation), Internet chats, 265 194–195 parent’s role in recovery, 305–309 Tofranil (medication), 172 PTSD incidence, 13–14 tolerance, to alcohol/drugs, 122 resource books, 345–346 touch, sense of, 96, 237–238 symptoms, 62–64, 287–292, 309 toxic people, 114–118, 275–276 therapy, 295–305 transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), trauma triggers, 16 194–195 untreated PTSD, 19, 20 transference, of feelings, 185–186 telecommuting, 280 transportation, to therapy, 126 television viewing, 75, 308 Tranxene (medication), 173 temazepam, 173 trapped feeling, 97 Tenex (medication), 166 trauma. See also specific types tension headache, 228 CBT process, 141–146 terrorism, 16, 36, 162 definition, 22 thematic TIR, 185 effects of, 1 therapist. See also specific types first therapy appointment, 126 children’s needs, 302–305 incidence of, 13 selection, 103–109 PTSD history, 11–12 therapy setbacks, 210–211 PTSD risk factors, 30–39 therapy. See also specific therapies PTSD triggers, 14–19 children, 267, 295–305 reaction levels, 24–29 coexisting mental disorders, 124–125 simple versus complex PTSD, 28–29 end of, 211–213 versus stress, 23–24 therapy setback, 209 29_049228 bindex.qxp 9/24/07 11:59 PM Page 363

Index 363

Trauma Anonymous (Web site), 326 trauma-based CBT, 295 • U • traumatic coupling unconscious psychological defense, 185 CBT process, 142–143, 144–145 union, workers’, 279 definition, 39 United Way (charitable organization), 80 first therapy appointment, 126 University of Illinois, 344 information for children, 267 untreated PTSD, 19–20 overview, 40 types, 14–19, 40–41 traumatic dissociation, 183 • V • traumatic grief, 60 validation, of trauma, 325 traumatic incident reduction (TIR), Valium (medication), 173 184–185 venlafaxine, 171 traveling, to new places, 240 verbal declarative memory, 171 trazodone, 172, 174 veteran. See war veteran treatment. See also specific treatments Veterans Benefits Administration, 98, 282 children and teens, 293–302 Veterans Coalition (Web site), 344 coexisting mental disorders, 123–125 victim program, 104 costs of untreated PTSD, 19–20 victim recovery stage, 205 effects of toxic people, 114–118 Vietnam Veterans of America (veteran importance of, 10 organization), 282 mental health problems, 53, 54 Vietnam War plan, 97 costs of PTSD, 19 PTSD history, 11–12 homecoming stress, 39 PTSD types, 28–29 PTSD history, 11, 18 sense of safety, 112–113 soldiers’ organization, 282 substance abuse plans, 118–123 viewer, in traumatic incident reduction, 184 treatment, preventive violence. See also specific types cognitive behavioral therapy, 70 PTSD myths, 334–335 immediate actions, 66–69 trauma triggers, 16–17, 19 overview, 65–66 virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), self-help strategies, 70–80 160–161, 162 treatment team, 99–103 vision, of trauma, 40 triazolam, 173 visualization, 73, 182, 235 tricyclic medication, 172 visual/kinesthetic dissociation (V/KD), trigger, trauma 183–184 CBT process, 142–143, 144–145 vitamin, dietary, 224 definition, 39 volunteering, 240–241 first therapy appointment, 126 VolunteerMatch (Web site), 241 information for children, 267 overview, 40 types, 14–19, 40–41 • W • trust CBT process, 148–149 walks, taking, 238 relationship repair, 272 war veteran signs of recovery, 339 biofeedback therapy, 193 twin study, 33, 34 diagnosis, 98 tyramine, 172 disability benefits, 282 29_049228 bindex.qxp 9/24/07 11:59 PM Page 364

364 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder For Dummies

war veteran (continued) fear of diagnosis, 91 family therapy, 264 first recovery stage, 202 helpful resources, 282, 343–344, 346 on-site alternatives, 280 homecoming stress, 39 overview, 276 online support groups, 315 stress management tips, 232–233, 278–279 personal stories, 150, 156 successful return to, 276–277 PTSD history, 11, 18 therapist selection, 105, 106 PTSD myths, 332 untreated PTSD, 20 PTSD risk factors, 37 worker’s compensation, 281 PTSD types, 29 wrongdoing distortion, 150 therapist selection, 103, 105 trauma triggers, 17 weakness, emotional, 261, 332 • X • Web site. See Internet Xanax (medication), 173 weeper personality, 116 weight gain, 222, 224 Wellbutrin (medication), 172 • Y • wellness plan, 242–243 yoga, 74, 192 whiner personality, 116 whole-person approach, 99–100 women • Z • domestic violence, 16, 113 zaleplon, 174 PTSD prevalence, 13 Zen and the Art of Making a Living: A PTSD risk factors, 31–32 Practical Guide to Creative Career trauma triggers, 17 Design (Boldt), 271 work Zoloft (medication), 138, 171, 226 communication tips, 279–280 zolpidem, 174 diagnostic questions, 86, 87 discrimination, 88, 279