Safe and Sensible Stallion Housing It’S Time to Rethink How We Stable Our Studs
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UNDERSTANDING HORSE BEHAVIOR Prepared By: Warren Gill, Professor Doyle G
4-H MEMBER GUIDE Agricultural Extension Service Institute of Agriculture HORSE PROJECT PB1654 UNIT 8 GRADE 12 UUNDERSTANDINGNDERSTANDING HHORSEORSE BBEHAVIOREHAVIOR 1 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Planning Your Project 3 The Basics of Horse Behavior 3 Types of Behavior 4 Horse Senses 4 Horse Communication 10 Domestication & Behavior 11 Mating Behavior 11 Behavior at Foaling Time 13 Feeding Behavior 15 Abnormal Behavior / Vices 18 Questions and Answers about Horses 19 References 19 Exercises 20 Glossary 23 SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE TO BE ACQUIRED • Improved understanding of why horses behave like horses • Applying basic behavioral knowledge to improve training skills • Learning to prevent and correct behavioral problems • Better ways to manage horses through better understanding of horse motivation OBJECTIVES To help you: • Be more competent in horse-related skills and knowledge • Feel more confident around horses • Understand the applications of basic knowledge to practical problems REQUIREMENTS 1. Make a project plan 2. Complete this manual 3. Work on this project with others, including other 4-H members, 4-H leaders, your 4-H agent and other youth and adults who can assist you in your project. 4. Evaluate your accomplishments cover photo by2 Lindsay German UNDERSTANDING HORSE BEHAVIOR Prepared by: Warren Gill, Professor Doyle G. Meadows, Professor James B. Neel, Professor Animal Science Department The University of Tennessee INTRODUCTION he 4-H Horse Project offers 4-H’ers opportunities for growing and developing interest in horses. This manual should help expand your knowledge about horse behavior, which will help you better under T stand why a horse does what it does. The manual contains information about the basics of horse behavior, horse senses, domestication, mating behavior, ingestive (eating) behavior, foaling-time behavior and how horses learn. -
Observing Wild Horse Behavior by Dr
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Cape Lookout www.nps.gov.calo Observing Wild Horse Behavior by Dr. Sue Stuska, Wildlife Biologist - have interactions with other stallions (and to occur over mares in estrus Horses, Cape Lookout National Seashore mares, if they have the chance). (breeding readiness). The wild horses in the park are Wild social behavior is fascinating. The result of any interac- managed as wild animals. Wild horse watching is so informative be- tion is usually a clear winner cause the whole horse society is there; they and loser. If a youngster is This means that they show us wild behav- have all grown up learning the behavioral involved, he may show his iors and interactions which are fascinating “rules”; and they have a large area in which teeth in a clapping gesture to to watch. The draw for visitors and locals to interact. Most notably, a number of stal- display his submissiveness alike is that these magnificent animals can be lions are present, the whole social “order” is and thus avoid being the watched from a distance without our inter- in place, and there are no artificial boundar- target of aggression. fering in their wild lives and, so, they show ies - only natural ones. us how wild horses act when not influenced When a stallion loses he by people. Instead of leading, stallions most often fol- doesn’t necessarily run away. low the mares as they move from place to You may see him suddenly What can we learn from wild place. As long as the mares are far enough be interested in grazing, or horses? he may walk to his mares and Horses thrive in the wild, Stallion herding posture involves a straight head-neck line, low- move them away to pro- and have evolved through ered nose, and pinned ears. -
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission Seattlenwf
THE FUR SEALS AND OTHER LIFE OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS, ALASKA, IN 1914 By Wilfred H. Osgood, Edward A. Preble, and George H. Parker I Blank page retained for pagination CONTENTS. Palll!. LgTTERS OF TRANSMITTAL........•...........'............................................. II LETTER OF SUBMITTAL................... ................................................. 12 INTRODUCTION............... .. 13 Personnel and instructions. ............................................................. 13 Investigations by Canada and Japan... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IS Itinerary , .. " . .. IS Impartial nature of the investigation " '" . 16 Acknowledgments................. 16 THg PRIBILOF ISLANDS..................................................................... 17 General description...................... .. 17 Vegetation. 18 Climate............. 18 CHARACTER AND HABITS OF THE FUR SEAL IN BRIEF....... ................................. 18 G'eneral characteristics. ................ .. .............................................. 18 Range.................................................................................. 18 , Breeding habits ; ........................ 19 Habits of bachelors : ......................... 20 Age of seals... ;. ....................................................................... 20 SEALING HISTORY IN BRIEF................................................................. 21 Russian management " .. .. 21 American occupation and the leasing system : . .. ... 21 The growth of pelagic sealing , "".. .. .. .. 22 The Paris Tribunal -
MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, and ACTIVITY PATTERNS of a TRANSLOCATED GROUP of ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew Mccoy a Thesis Prese
MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF A TRANSLOCATED GROUP OF ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew McCoy A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science June, 1 986 MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF A TRANSLOCATED GROUP OF ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew McCoy A F gam Director, Natural Resources Graduate Program 86/W-66/06/10 Natural Resources Graduate Program Number Ala M. Gillespi9( ABSTRACT In March 1982, 17 Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) were captured at Gold Bluffs Beach, Humboldt County, California and translocated to an enclosure 4 km east of Shelter Cove, Humboldt County. The animals were released from the enclosure in November 1982. Data were collected for eight radio-collared animals (seven adult females and one 4-year old male) January to December 1983. The number of herds varied from one (January through March) to four (October through December). Three female herds moved 45 km, 58 km, and 84 km south of Shelter Cove, while the radio-collared male remained within 16 km of Shelter Cove. Home range locations varied seasonally. Home range sizes were largest during the summer reflecting migrational and exploratory movements. Habitat use was disproportionate to habitat availability at the home range level during each season. Cultivated grasslands and riparian areas were used in proportions greater than their availability. Coastal Prairie use was greater than that available except in the Shelter Cove area. Shrub and forest habitat types were generally used less than that available. Animal distances to nearest road and water varied seasonally, but were greatest for radio-collared females during the spring. -
Mules and Hinnies Factsheet
FACTSHEET: OWNERS MULES AND HINNIES Mules and hinnies are similar. They are both a cross between a horse and a donkey, with unique characteristics that make them special. Because they are so similar, the terms ‘mule’ and ‘hinny’ are used interchangeably, with hinnies often being referred to as mules. KEY FACTS ABOUT MULES AND HINNIES: Mule: The result of a donkey stallion mating with a female horse. Mules tend to have the head of a donkey and extremities of a horse. Hinny: The result of a horse stallion mating with a female donkey. Hinnies are less common than mules and there might be subtle differences in appearance. Size: Varies greatly depending on the stallion and mare. Ranging from 91-172 cm. Health: Hardy and tough. They often have good immune systems. Strength: Extremely strong. They pull heavy loads and carry much heavier weights than donkeys or horses of a similar size. Behaviour: Intelligent and sensitive. They can have unpredictable reactions. Appearance: Ears smaller than a donkey’s, the same shape as a horse’s. The mane and tail of a hinny is usually similar to a horse. Vocalisation: A mixture of a donkey’s ‘bray’ and a horse’s ‘whinny’. Sex: Male is a ‘horse mule’ (also known as a ‘john’ or ‘jack’). Female is a ‘mare mule’ (also known as a ‘molly’). Young: A ‘colt’ (male) or ‘filly’ (female). What is hybrid vigour? Hybrid = a crossbreed Vigour = hardiness or resilience • ‘Interbreeding’ (crossbreeding) can remove weaker characteristics and instead pass on desirable inherited traits. This is ‘hybrid vigour’, a term often associated with mules and hinnies. -
The Effect on Performance in Descendents of New Forest Pony Stallions, That Have the Clc-1 Gene Mutations That Leads to Congenit
The effect on performance in sports in descendents of CLCN1 gene mutation carrier New Forest pony stallions Authors: D.M. Dickhoff; I.D. Wijnberg Abstract Aim of the study: To determine if ponies descending from a CLCN1 gene mutation carrier stallion perform better in sports, compared to ponies that do not descent from a CLCN1 gene mutation carrier stallion. Study design: Data analysis of 11.414 New Forest ponies, in which the relationship between the descent of the ponies and their sport performance are analyzed. Methods: Ponies were divided in jumping, dressage and eventing categories. They were listed categorically from the lowest category to the highest and descendents from mutation carrier stallions were marked. Statistical analysis with logistic regression between the sport categories and within the categories has been performed using SPSS version 19. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Ponies descending from a mutation carrying stallion are significantly better performing in jumping. The odds of finding a descent in the highest jumping category is 7.6 compared to the lowest. In dressage, descendents from a gene mutation carrier stallion are performing significantly better, with an odds of 4.1 for performing in the highest category. In eventing, the odds of finding a descendent from a mutation carrying stallion in the highest category is 2.9 compared to the lowest. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Ponies that are descendants of a mutation carrying stallion are performing significantly better in jumping, dressage and eventing. This conclusion might lead to breeding programs which includes stallions who carry this mutation, aiming to breed better performing ponies in equine sports, which is in contrast of the aim of the Studbook to eradicate the mutation. -
2020 Autumn Stallion Inspection RESULTS with Comment
New Forest Pony Breeding and Cattle Society 2020 Autumn Stallion Inspection As with most 2020 events, the planned April inspection had to be cancelled, but with Covid-19 restrictions easing into the autumn, all owners on the April list were invited to what was necessarily a ‘behind closed doors’ inspection held with strict adherence to the government’s current Covid-19 regulations. With most owners taking up the offer, it was a busy morning, on a lovely sunny day. The top colt, by a good margin, was Mallards Wood Saint John, bred by Robert Maton. It was most pleasing that two colts who had come through the Futurity Scheme, Limekiln Shamrock and Mogshade Quarryman, made the top five, with Shamrock being the top Forest-bred colt. All the approved colts must now complete the vetting and DNA and PSSM1 testing procedures before they are fully licensed. The top five colts were: Mallards Wood Saint John (Y59/097) Miss Victoria Edwards-Sonnex Sire: Applewitch Pure Magic (S34/105) Dam: Mallards Wood Goddess (M43/428) Nutschullyng Saint Raphael (Y60/093) Mrs Wendy Gover Fromm Sire: Brookshill Mustang (S46/096) Dam: Glamorous Gift (M52/273) Limekiln Shamrock (Y60/256) Mr Mike Eccles Sire: Cameron Luck of The Irish (S56/070) Dam: Limekiln Fudge (M46/654) Mogshade Quarryman (Y60/063) Mrs Jehanna Stride Sire: Rushmoor Dalesman (S57/150) Dam: Cuffnells Fun Fair (M49/542) Haywards Stormstruck (Y60/114) Mr P & Mrs A Pidgley Sire: Haywards Impressionist (S50/561) Dam: Wraggletaggle Gypsy (M42/420) The following colts were also approved: Berrywood Wind Dancer -
A Study of How Dominance Rank Within a Herd of Resident Burchell’S Zebra (Equus Burchelli) at Ndarakwai Ranch Correlate to Frequencies of Other Behaviors
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2010 Seeing Stripes: A Study of How Dominance Rank Within a Herd of Resident Burchell’s Zebra (Equus Burchelli) at Ndarakwai Ranch Correlate to Frequencies of Other Behaviors. Alexandra Clayton SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Clayton, Alexandra, "Seeing Stripes: A Study of How Dominance Rank Within a Herd of Resident Burchell’s Zebra (Equus Burchelli) at Ndarakwai Ranch Correlate to Frequencies of Other Behaviors." (2010). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 899. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/899 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Seeing Stripes A study of how dominance rank within a herd of resident Burchell’s zebra (Equus burchelli) at Ndarakwai Ranch correlate to frequencies of other behaviors. Alexandra Clayton Advisor: Reese Matthews SIT Wildlife Conservation and Political Ecology Fall 2010 Acknowledgements There are so many people that made this project possible, but I would first like to thank Peter Jones for allowing me the chance to conduct my study at Ndarakwai, and for allowing two Internet- starved students to use your wireless! It is a beautiful place and I hope to return someday. I also want to thank Thomas for letting us camp outside his house and to Bahati for making us the best chapatti and ginger tea we’ve ever had, and for washing our very muddy clothes. -
Jyoti (2019). Crowding, Group Size and Population Structure of The
PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Crowding, group size and population structure of the Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae) in the semi-arid habitat of Haryana, India Deepak Rai & Jyot 26 July 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 9 | Pages: 14194-14203 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4788.11.9.14194-14203 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or -
Stallion Behavior and Management May 2018
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service ANSI-3935 Stallion Behavior and Management May 2018 Kris Hiney, PhD Extension Equine Specialist Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: facts.okstate.edu A successful breeding program depends on having a happy, healthy stallion who is willing to do his job. Good stal- lion managers have mastered the art of keeping their horses may do quite well with an ovariectomized mare (one with happy, confident and well behaved, which involves considering ovaries removed and provided synthetic estrogen) used for each horse as an individual. semen collection, most stallions do prefer a mare in natural Stallions are seasonal breeders, therefore longer daylight estrus. A reluctant stallion may be more interested in a mare and warmer temperatures will begin the process of readying closer to ovulation versus early estrus. Allowing mares to the stallion for breeding season. Stallions should enter the exhibit the most natural behavior that is safely allowed will breeding season in optimal health and body condition. Ide- encourage a reluctant or novice breeder. For example, mares ally, the stallion enters the breeding season in a BCS (Body that are hobbled and twitched will not be able to show the Condition Score) of 5 or 6 to help support his increased energy same posture which shows acceptance to the stallion. Some demands. While the act of breeding itself may not require a stallions may even have color preferences in mares. Paying substantial amount of additional energy, stallions typically close attention to stallion preference can lead to success in show more overall excitement and activity. -
Lot 22 E L a S R E G 1
Heart of America Haflinger Sale Phillip Chupp 1406 CR 1800 N. Sullivan, IL 61951 Lot 56 L o t 2 2 Genesis Farm & Due North Haflingers are proud to announce the arrival of Sternblick de L’our (Sternwachter x Bonnita) This exceptional stallion has been the Stallion Selection Champion the last two years in Holland as well as Belgium making him undefeated! Lot 1 We are beyond excited to welcome such an amazing stallion in the prime of his life to the United States! GENESIS FARM DUE NORTH HAFLINGERS John & Michele Dunkel Mike & Kathie Hanson 2274 Farnsworth Rd 2749 Vermilion Dr. Lapeer MI 48446 Cook MN 55723 [email protected] [email protected] Lot 2 248-231-2075 218-780-2902 LIVEESTOCK FEEDS AND ANIMAAL HEALLTHTH PRODUPRODUCTSUCTS Lot 6 *5$,10,//,1* ˨0,;,1* ˨ &86720 )2508/$6 '(/,9(5< 0ඈඇൽൺൺඒඒ )උංൽൺൺඒඒ ൺආ ඉආ 6ൺൺඍඍඎඋൽൺൺඒඒ ൺආ 1ඈඈඇ 85 E CRR 250 N - Arthur, IL 61911 Lot 11 Phone: 217-543-2195 | Fax: 217-543-33677 80 1 MILLER’S HARNESS LLC Schneider Blankets, Ropes, Collars Shaft Loop Blankets, Halters, Riding Tack Horse Care Products, Riding & Driving Bits, Whips, Bowman Bits, Quick Hitch Harnesses, Harness & Saddle Repair Lot 12 Lot 14 (mini - draft) Custom made Bio and Leather Harness & Halters The Grain Saver Roller Mill...introduces a new way to cut feed costs and improve your horses health and stamina. • Rolls Approximately 20 pounds of corn per minute 4-5 gallons of oats per minute • Adjustable rolls (for oats or corn • Commercial grade case hardened knurled rolls (4” diameter x 5” wide) • Sealed Bearings POWER OPTIONS: Gas or Electric 431 N. -
Ecology and Habitat Suitability of Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus Zebra Zebra) in the Western Cape, South Africa
Ecology and habitat suitability of Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) in the Western Cape, South Africa by Adriaan Jacobus Olivier Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Science at Stellenbosch University Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriScience Supervisor: Dr Alison J. Leslie Co-supervisor: Dr Jason I. Ransom December 2019 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Jaco Olivier December 2019 Copyright © 2019 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Endemic to South Africa, the Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) historically occurred throughout the Western Cape, and parts of the Northern and Eastern Cape. However, due to human impacts fewer than 50 individuals remained by the 1950’s. Conservation efforts over the past 50 years have resulted in the population increasing to over 4700 individuals and having moved on the IUCN red list, from Critically Endangered to Least Concern. As there are still many isolated meta-populations, CapeNature established a Biodiversity Management Plan for the conservation of Cape mountain zebra in the Western Cape. In 2001, 15 (six males and nine females) Cape mountain zebra was reintroduced into Bakkrans Nature Reserve, situated in the Cederberg Wilderness Area of South Africa.