PDF Land Van Herle
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
What Have the Belgians Ever Done for Us? an Iron Age Mystery
What have the Belgians ever done for us? An Iron Age mystery Up until recently many accounts of the history of Wheathampstead confidently stated that the first settlers came from Belgium. “Sometime after 100B.C. a sophisticated group of invaders from the continent moved up the rivers Thames and Lea. They came from the area which is today Belgium. These Belgae made the first permanent settlements in the area.” (WEA 1973, p12). Who were these mysterious and ‘sophisticated’ Belgians who founded Wheathampstead? An equally interesting question is why have references to Belgic invaders largely disappeared from recent history books? Solving the puzzle The Belgic invasion theory emerged in the late nineteenth century as a solution to a puzzle. Why was there a lack of middle Iron Age archaeological finds in southeast Britain? While there was evidence of earlier occupation the absence of archaeological finds suggested that southeast Britain had been unsettled in the mid Iron Age up to around 150BC. After this date Victorian archaeologists were able to identify a great deal of evidence of intensive activity and occupation, including the building of hill forts in the southeast and locally the Devil’s Dyke in Wheathampstead. What prompted this dramatic change? A dig in Kent An archaeological excavation in 1890 provided a strong clue. This dig was carried out by Arthur Evans who would later become world famous for excavating the Palace of Knossos on Crete. Evans investigated a late Iron Age cemetery at Aylesford in Kent and he pointed out that the finds were strikingly similar to Belgic cemeteries on the continent. -
A Very Rough Guide to the Main DNA Sources of the Counties of The
A Very Rough Guide To the Main DNA Sources of the Counties of the British Isles (NB This only includes the major contributors - others will have had more limited input) TIMELINE (AD) ? - 43 43 - c410 c410 - 878 c878 - 1066 1066 -> c1086 1169 1283 -> c1289 1290 (limited) (limited) Normans (limited) Region Pre 1974 County Ancient Britons Romans Angles / Saxon / Jutes Norwegians Danes conq Engl inv Irel conq Wales Isle of Man ENGLAND Cornwall Dumnonii Saxon Norman Devon Dumnonii Saxon Norman Dorset Durotriges Saxon Norman Somerset Durotriges (S), Belgae (N) Saxon Norman South West South Wiltshire Belgae (S&W), Atrebates (N&E) Saxon Norman Gloucestershire Dobunni Saxon Norman Middlesex Catuvellauni Saxon Danes Norman Berkshire Atrebates Saxon Norman Hampshire Belgae (S), Atrebates (N) Saxon Norman Surrey Regnenses Saxon Norman Sussex Regnenses Saxon Norman Kent Canti Jute then Saxon Norman South East South Oxfordshire Dobunni (W), Catuvellauni (E) Angle Norman Buckinghamshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Bedfordshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Hertfordshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Essex Trinovantes Saxon Danes Norman Suffolk Trinovantes (S & mid), Iceni (N) Angle Danes Norman Norfolk Iceni Angle Danes Norman East Anglia East Cambridgeshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Huntingdonshire Catuvellauni Angle Danes Norman Northamptonshire Catuvellauni (S), Coritani (N) Angle Danes Norman Warwickshire Coritani (E), Cornovii (W) Angle Norman Worcestershire Dobunni (S), Cornovii (N) Angle Norman Herefordshire Dobunni (S), Cornovii -
The Rhine: Germany's River, Not Germany's Boundary
Source: E.M. Arndt, Deutschlands Fluss, aber nicht Deutschlands Gränze, English trl. UvA Talen / SPIN. the French was as bad as it was foolish. One would have The Rhine: Germany’s river, not Germany’s thought that ten years, indeed twenty years, of blindness and misfortune might have sent a little light into their dark minds boundary and brought the errants back into line, especially since the French had long ago overturned their own proof, but far from it. There are still many who behave, indeed who exhaust Ernst Moritz Arndt themselves in deductions and proofs, as if the Rhine as the border between France and Germany is something indispu- table and settled. So effective is constant repetition, and so little are most Germans – who pride themselves on their ‘The Rhine is France’s natural boundary’ is what Sully proved profundity in thought and speech – accustomed to thinking. 1600 and 1610; ‘the Rhine is France’s natural boundary,’ The empty echoing of foreign opinions, especially the proclaimed Richelieu in 1625 and 1635; ‘the Rhine is France’s echoing of French hocus-pocus and sophistries, has sadly natural boundary,’ declared Count d’Avaux in the 1640s at become too much of a fashion on this side of the Rhine, in Münster, in the holy places where Hermann the Cheruscan had the country where thoroughness and depth of thought is once made a dufferent typeof declaration to the Romans; ‘the supposed to reside. Given this state of affairs, especially this Rhine is France’s natural boundary,’ resounded from 1670 to sad state of German minds and hearts, I consider it not super- 1700 in Louvois’ and Colbert’s speeches in Louis XIV’s council fluous to present our ancient, magnificent and holy River of state, and the court poets Boileau and Racine sang it in the Rhine, what it was, is and will be, to the good German antechamber; ‘the Rhine is France’s natural boundary’ cried the people, who are confused by too many political prattlers and monsters on the Seine from 1790 to 1800. -
Histoire Des Collections Numismatiques Et Des Institutions Vouées À La Numismatique
25 Histoire des collections numismatiques et des institutions vouÉes À la numismatique Igor Van den Vonder and Guido Creemers tHe COINs AND MEDALs COLLECTION oF tHe GALLO-ROMAN MUSEUM IN TONGEREN (BELGIUM) the coin and medal collection of the Gallo-roman museum in tongeren is the former coin and medal cabinet (Munt- en Penningkabinet) of the Province of limburg. it is an important collection, comprising over 30,000 coins and exonumia. the collection reflects the coins produced and in circulation in the region from antiquity to the 19th century and is unique because many were excavated locally. When the coin and medal cabinet was established in 1985, the province’s own collection consisted of the collections belonging to the royal limburg Historical and antiquarian society (Koninklijk Limburgs Geschied- en Oud- heidkundig Genootschap) and the barons Philippe de schaetzen and armand de schaetzen de schaetzenhoff. these form the core of the collection, to- gether with the collection of the former small seminary of sint-truiden, on loan from the diocese of Hasselt. With the acquisition of several private collections, the coin and medal cabinet achieved its target of 10,000 items. an active collecting policy was implemented and the collection soon doubled in size, largely thanks to gifts. Furthermore, Belgium’s royal court made over Prince charles’ personal collection to the coin and medal cabinet as a long-term loan. systematic efforts were also made to acquire the coin hoards found in the region. at the end of the last century the Province of limburg decided to fully integrate the coin and medal cabinet into the archaeological collection of the Gallo-roman museum. -
The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Author: Laura Crowley Pages: 113–126
Paper Information: Title: Creating a Community: The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Author: Laura Crowley Pages: 113–126 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2008_113_126 Publication Date: 17 April 2009 Volume Information: Driessen, M., Heeren, S., Hendriks, J., Kemmers, F., and Visser, R. (eds.) (2009) TRAC 2008: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Amsterdam 2008. Oxford: Oxbow Books Copyright and Hardcopy Editions: The following paper was originally published in print format by Oxbow Books for TRAC. Hard copy editions of this volume may still be available, and can be purchased direct from Oxbow at http://www.oxbowbooks.com. TRAC has now made this paper available as Open Access through an agreement with the publisher. Copyright remains with TRAC and the individual author(s), and all use or quotation of this paper and/or its contents must be acknowledged. This paper was released in digital Open Access format in April 2013. Creating a Community: The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Laura Crowley Introduction The subject of this article is the tumuli of the civitas Tungrorum. They are currently a subtopic within a study of privileged burials in the villa landscapes that lie on the loess plains more or less between Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) and Bagacum Nerviorum (Bavai). Previously, the region had been witness to Caesar’s displacement and/or genocide of the Eburones and Atuatuci around the year 51 BC (Caesar: VIII 25). These ethnic groups were replaced with a group known as the Tungri, the exact composition of which is unknown, but which most likely comprised survivors from the former tribes as well as Germanic immigrants (Mariën 1980: 45ff; Wightman 1985: 36, 40, 53; Nouwen 1997: 9, 31ff; Carroll 2001: 28–29). -
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples. -
Nouveaux Mémoires De L'académie Royale Des Sciences Et Belles
ESSAI SUR LA STATISTIQUE ANCIENNE DE LA BELGIQUE. I. POPULATION. — II. ARCHITECTURE. — III. MOBILIER, COSTUMES. PAR LE BARON BE REIFFENBERG. SECONDE PARTIE, LUE A LA SÉANCE I) E L’ ACADEMIE BU 3 NOVEMBRE 1832 . « In hoc autem a Belgica, non una de causa exor- dior. Hæc enim milii patria est ; eoque est notior, ita et reliquis terrarum orbis partitus carior. Accedit quod illa liae tempestate, tanquam universis orbis theatrum sit, in quod omnes non solum Europas, sed et aliorum mundi partium principes, oculos habent conversos. » Jo. B laeu , ad Theatr. Belg. BRUXELLES, M. HAYEZ, IMPRIMEUR DE L’ACADÉMIE ROYALE. 1835 . ESSAI su r LA STATISTIQUE ANCIENNE DE LA BELGIQUE. FRAGMENS DE LA SECONDE PARTIE. Nous avons déjà établi que la statistique tient le milieu entre l’histoire et la science politique ; elle expose l’état d’un peuple dans un moment donné, mais quand cet état est considéré, comme ici, dans une longue suite de momens, pendant une série de plusieurs siècles, elle devient réellement de l’histoire, c’est-à-dire de l’his toire appliquée à la vie sociale. Un pareil sujet, comme nous l’a vons fait voir, est de la plus vaste étendue et il s’agrandit encore à mesure qu’on y touche. C’est ce que nous avons éprouvé en travail lant à cette seconde partie. En effleurant même les objets qu’elle embrasse, nous ferions aisément un gros livre au lieu d’un mé moire. Que serait-ce si nous les approfondissions comme ils le méritent? Cette considération nous a forcé à ne donner que des fragmens de nos recherches et à nous borner à parler de la population, des habitations, des meubles et des costumes des Belges. -
Julius Caesar's War Commentaries
Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars1 the Atrebates and the Veromandui, their neighbors, were there awaiting Julius Caesar was a Roman politician. He was elected consul in 59 the arrival of the Romans; for they had persuaded both these nations to BCE, and sent himself as the commander of a military expedition to try the same fortune of war [as themselves]: that the forces of the conquer Gaul (present-day France and Germany); he spend 58-51 BCE in Gaul and successfully conquered it, as well as Britain. His Aduatuci were also expected by them, and were on their march; that military success was helpful as a political asset against his rivals. He they had put their women, and those who through age appeared useless returned to Rome in 49 BCE and refused to disband his army; this led to civil war in which he successfully seized power. He was for war, in a place to which there was no approach for an army, on assassinated in 44 BCE. account of the marshes. The Gallic Wars was written by Julius Caesar himself (even though it refers to him in the third-person) and was published during [2.17]Having learned these things, he sends forward scouts and his lifetime, probably as a form of political self-promotion. The text centurions to choose a convenient place for the camp. And as a great seems to have been adapted from his original dispatches sent back to the Senate while the campaigns were going on.2 many of the surrounding Belgae and other Gauls, following Caesar, marched with him; some of these, as was afterwards learned from the Book 2 - (57 B.C.) prisoners, -
PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/26532 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-30 and may be subject to change. Zum Namen des „oppidum Cugernorum” Im späten August 1979 wurden von den Xantener Ausgräbern des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Bonn im Gebiet der Colonia Ulpia Traia- na zahlreiche Kalksteinbrocken gefunden, die sich nachher als Reste eines besonderen römischen Votivaltares mit Inschrift herausstellten. Dieses Denkmal, das im obenerwähnten Museum aufbewahrt wird(J), ist, nachdem die vielen Bruchstücke mit größter Mühe und Geschicklich keit zusammengefügt waren (Abb. 1 und 2), schon bald von C. B. Rüger i veröffentlicht worden(2). Dabei hat dieser u.a. dargelegt, daß der Altar in der Vorgängersiedlung der Colonia Ulpia Traiana während der Regierung des Nero (54-68 n. Chr.) geweiht wurde, jedenfalls nach 55/56, vermutlich erst zwischen dem 1. März und dem 9. Juni 68. Infolge der nach seinem Tode am 9. Juni 68 über ihn ausgesprochenen damnatio memoriae hat man den Namen des Kaisers in Zeile 3 und 4 der Inschrift getilgt. Gleichzeitig mit der Zerstörung der Siedlung während des Bataveraufstandes im August oder September 69(3) ist der Altar zugrun de gegangen. Nach dem Aufstand sind die Überreste des Denkmals aus dem Brandschutt weggeräumt und in einer Grube beigesetzt worden. Da diese nicht vollständig ausgegraben werden konnte, befinden sich jetzt zweifellos noch Teile des Altares im Boden. Dem so weit wie möglich zusammengesetzten Weihestein fehlt u.a. -
Mmubn000001 085840696.Pdf
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/107222 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-23 and may be subject to change. Ц5Ъ ROMAANS IN LIMBURGSE AARDRIJKSKUNDIGE NAMEN P. L. M. TUMMERS ROMAANS IN LIMBURGSE AARDRIJKSKUNDIGE NAMEN ROMAANS IN LIMBURGSE AARDRIJKSKUNDIGE NAMEN PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE LETTEREN AAN DE KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT TE NIJMEGEN OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS DR. H. J. LAMMERS HOOGLERAAR IN DE FACULTEIT DER GENEESKUNDE VOLGENS HET BESLUIT VAN DE SENAAT IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP 23 NOVEMBER I962 DES NAMIDDAGS TE 2 UUR DOOR PIET LAURENTIUS MARIE TUMMERS GEBOREN TE HEERLEN TE ASSEN BIJ VAN GORCUM ft COMP. N.V. - D R. H. J. PR AK К E & H.M.G.PRAKKE PROMOTOR: PROF. DR. A. A. WEIJNEN AAN MIJN OUDERS AAN MIJN VROUW DEZE STUDIE IS TOT STAND GEKOMEN MET STEUN VAN HET MINISTERIE VAN ONDERWIJS, KUNSTEN EN WETENSCHAPPEN EN UITGEGEVEN MET STEUN VAN HET STUDIEFONDS LIMBURG EN HET DR. VAN GILS-FONDS. INHOUDSOPGAVE HOOFDSTUK I - INLEIDING i.i. Taalgrensstudie en toponymie ι 1.2. Limburgia Romana 4 1.3. De plaats van Limburg in de studie van de taalgrens .... 8 HOOFDSTUK 2 - DE PLAATSNAMEN 2.0. Te onderzoeken namengroepen и 2.1. Namen waarvan attestaties uit de Romeinse tijd bestaan. 12 2.2. -acum - namen 21 2.3. -etum - namen 32 2.4. -arium - namen 36 2.5. -
The Mystery of the Skeletons – the Clues 1
02-SHP History-Y7-Activities-cccc:Layout 1 13/8/08 09:20 Page 72 1A The mystery of the skeletons – the clues 1 72 SHP History Year 7 Teacher’s Resource Book © Hodder Education, 2008 02-SHP History-Y7-Activities-cccc:Layout 1 13/8/08 15:33 Page 73 1B The mystery of the skeletons – the clues 2 AB A Roman historian writing about the Britons (10BC–20AD) The Britons are war-mad, courageous and love fighting battles. They fight battles even if they have nothing on their side but their own strength and courage. C D ATREBATES BELGAE CANTIACI DUROTRIGES Maiden Castle II ON MN DU N 0 100 km E F The only written evidence about what happened around Maiden Castle is this, written by a Roman historian called Suetonius. He says Vespasian, the commander of the Second Legion, ‘fought 30 battles, conquered two warlike tribes and captured more than twenty large settlements’. © Hodder Education, 2008 SHP History Year 7 Teacher’s Resource Book 73 02-SHP History-Y7-Activities-cccc:Layout 1 13/8/08 09:20 Page 74 1C The mystery of the skeletons – the clues 3 GH I J The archaeologists at Maiden Castle Four of the people lived on for some uncovered 52 skeletons. There may be time after they were injured. We know more still buried, but only part of the this because the damaged bones had hillfort has been excavated. re-grown after the injury. Although we cannot tell exactly how long they lived ● Fourteen of the 52 skeletons had for after their injuries we know it must wounds made by weapons. -
Changes in Celtic Consumption: Roman Influence on Faunal-Based Diets of the Atrebates
CHANGES IN CELTIC CONSUMPTION: ROMAN INFLUENCE ON FAUNAL-BASED DIETS OF THE ATREBATES by Alexander Frey Submitted to the Faculty of The Archaeological Studies Program Department of Archaeology and Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts University of Wisconsin-La Crosse 2016 Copyright © 2016 by Alexander Frey All rights reserved ii CHANGES IN CELTIC CONSUMPTION: ROMAN INFLUENCE ON FAUNAL DIETS OF THE ATREBATES Alexander Frey, B.A. University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 2016 This study addresses cultural impacts of the Roman Empire on the British Celtic group, the Atrebates. The Atrebates held large portions of land in southern Britain, and upon Roman invasion in A.D. 43, became a client kingdom of the Roman Empire. With Roman rule also came Roman animal husbandry and consumption habits, reflected in archaeological faunal remains. To better understand this dietary transition, 23 faunal datasets were analyzed from within and around the capital city of Calleva Atrebatum, spanning from the pre-Roman Britain Iron Age to the post-Roman Saxon Age. In the analysis, published Number of Individual Specimens (NISP) and Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) values were assessed to examine changes in the prominence of sheep, pigs, and cattle over time. This research demonstrates the pervasive impact of the Roman Empire on populations with whom they interacted, changing not only governing bodies, but also dietary practices. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the wonderful help and support from my friends and family during the process of writing this thesis. Special thanks to my readers, Dr. David A.