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575372.Pdf (2.838Mb) TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TEMEL İSLAM BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI TASAVVUF BİLİM DALI BANGLADEŞ’TE TASAVVUFUN VE TARİKATLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ, SOSYAL GELİŞİMLERİ VE OYNADIKLARI ROL: YİRMİ BİRİNCİ YÜZYILDA BİR VAK'A İNCELEMESİ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Saeyd Rashed Hasan CHOWDURY ANKARA – 2019 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TEMEL İSLAM BİLİMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI TASAVVUF BİLİM DALI BANGLADEŞ’TE TASAVVUFUN VE TARİKATLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ, SOSYAL GELİŞİMLERİ VE OYNADIKLARI ROL: YİRMİ BİRİNCİ YÜZYILDA BİR VAK'A İNCELEMESİ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Saeyd Rashed Hasan CHOWDURY Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Vahit GÖKTAŞ ANKARA – 2019 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE Bu belge ile bu tezdeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik davranış ilkelerine uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Bu kural ve ilkelerin gereği olarak, çalışmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düşünce ve sonuçları andığımı ve kaynağını gösterdiğimi ayrıca beyan ederim. (…09…/…08…/2019…) Tezi Hazırlayan Öğrencinin Adı ve SOYADI Saeyd Rashed Hasan CHOWDURY İmzası …….. …….. ÖNSÖZ Tüm övgüler lütfu ve yardımı ile "İslami Mistisizm (Tasavvuf)’in Bangladeş Perspektifinden Değerlendirilmesi: Tasavvuf’un Bangladeş’teki Rolü ve Sosyal Gelişimi, Yirmibirinci Yüzyılda Bir Örnek Olay İncelemesi" adlı çalışmamı tamamladığım Allah’adır. Salat ve selam Hz. Muhammed’in, ashabının tabiinin, sufilerin ve dünyanın dört bir yanında İslam adına fedakârlıklarla bulunanların üzerine olsun. Yüksek lisans tezimi “Bangladeş’te Tasavvufun Değerlendirilmesi” üzerine yazmayı planladım. Çünkü Bangladeş’teki Tasavvufi kültür hakkında Türkçe’de neredeyse hiçbir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bengali olduğumdan, Tasavvufun Bangladeş’teki 169 milyon insanın her birinde de ne kadar büyük etkisinin olduğunu bilmekteyim. Her şeyden önce Tasavvuf Bangladeş halkı arasında dinsel nefretin ve aşırılığın azalmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Böylece Tasavvuf, halk arasında eşitlik, sevgi ve kardeşlik sistemini kurmuştur. Bangladeş’te Tasavvufun tarihi ve etkisi bin yıldan fazla bir süreye tekabül etmektedir. Bangladeş, Müslüman sayısı bakımından da dünyadaki üçüncü ülkedir. Bu ülkedeki nüfusun yaklaşık %90’ı Müslüman’dır. Bu yüzden çalışmamın benden sonraki araştırmacılar için Bangladeş’te tasavvufun değerlendirilmesinde dönüm noktası olabileceğini düşünüyorum. Ve bu araştırmanın, Türkçe’de Bangladeş’te Tasavvufi kültür üzerine yapılmış ilk çalışma olduğunu söyleyebilirim. Babam Mevlâna Saeyd Md. Ali Hussain Chowdury ve annem Hasina Begüm’e derinden saygı duyduğumu, onların benim için yaptıkları dualar, verdikleri tavsiye ve destekler sayesinde bu tezimi bitirdiğimi belirtmek isterim. Yüce Allah’tan onlara bu dünyada da ahirette de iyilikler ve güzellikler ihsan etmesini diliyorum. Bu tezi yazmamı tavsiye eden, düşünme, şekillendirme ve yazma aşamalarında hep yanımda olup bana rehberlik eden tez danışmanım Prof. Dr. Vahit Göktaş’a şükranlarımı ifade etmek istiyorum. Kendisi bana gerekli kaynakları ve çeşitli zamanlarda araştırma çalışmalarımı i ilerletmede izlemem gereken yolu gösterdi. Kendisinin ve ailesinin Allah’tan en güzel şekilde ecirlerini almalarını diliyorum. Akademik hayatımı yönlendirmemi sağlayan, bana tam burs vererek desteklerini esirgemeyen ve böylece beni onurlandıran Yurtdışı Türkler ve Akraba Topluluğu Başkanlığı (YTB)’na, tüm kalbimle minnettarlığımı ifade etmek isterim. Destekleyici akademik programlar sağlayarak, YTB bana birçok farklı yönden katkıda bulundu. Akademik kariyerimi zenginleştirmemde bana rehberlik eden ve bana kaliteli bir eğitim alma fırsatı veren Ankara Üniversitesi’nin bir öğrencisi olarak kendimi tanıtmaktan da gurur duyuyorum. Bana okulun sadece belli ders ve müfredattan ibaret bir kurum değil aynı zamanda bir hayat rehberi niteliğini de taşıdığını gösteren ve alanlarında en üst konumlara gelmiş yetkin akademisyenlerle bir arada bulunarak, zamanımı en verimli şekilde geçirdiğime inanıyorum. Bana birçok konuda farklı bilgiler veren hocalarımdan her daim motivasyon ve ilham aldım. Prof. Dr. Ethem Cebecioğlu, Prof. Dr. Mustafa Aşkar, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Cahid Haksever, Dr. Öncel Demirdaş, Dr. Mehmet Yıldız, Arş. Gör. Harun Alkan ve Tasavvuf bilim dalında doktora öğrencisi olan Murat İsmailoğlu’na şükranlarımı sunarım. Bu onurlu öğretim üyelerine ömür boyu minnettar olacağım. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi öğrencisi, sevgili dostum Ömer Kalaycı’ya sürekli çabalarından dolayı şükranlarımı sunmak için herhangi bir kelime bulamadım. Her daim bana elinden geldiğince yardımcı oldu. Tezin her bölümünde katkısı unutulmaz. Tez için ondan yardım istediğimde, kişisel meşguliyetlerini bırakarak bu tez ile zaman geçirdi. Onun yardımı olmadan, tezimi bitirmem mümkün olmazdı. Benim ile o kadar çok işbirliği yaptı ki, onun için Allah’a dua etmekten başka bir yolum yok gibi görünüyor. Kendisini ve ailesini Allah’ın en iyi şekilde ödüllendirmesini diliyorum. Uzun süreli yurt dışı hayatımda, her daim destekçim olarak gördüğüm, akıl hocam değerli abim Sabbir Hasan, akademik hayatımın başından beri, bitmek tükenmek bilmez çabalarıyla beni yönlendirerek hayatımda kilit rol oynadı. Yaratıcı akademisyenler olan ii Rahmat Ullah ve Md. Nazmul İslam da hem tematik hem teorik açılardan beni motive edip harekete geçirdi. Bu üç değerli insana da içten bir şekilde minnettarım. Hajir Hat Hamedia Fazil Medresesi’nin müdürü Mevlâna Zaid Hossain Al Faruqi’ye ve Arapça öğretim görevlisi Mevlâna Hasan Al Mahmud’a beni her daim teşvik ettiklerinden ve bana her daim tavsiye verdiklerinden dolayı minnettarım. Salih Çitil, Süleyman Kar, Furkan İşgen, Ali Cengiz, Furkan Yaylaçeşme, Alpaslan Kurt, Yasir İpek, Muhammed Hatip, Ali Ashraf, Afjalur Rahman Arafat, Burhan Uddin Azad, Habibur Rahman, Syed Magfur Ahmad, Md. Moynul Ahsan, Nazmus Sakib şimdiye kadar tanıştığım en iyi insanlar. Hem akademik hayatımda hem akademi dışı hayatımda; Türkiye’de hayatımın her yerinde, bu isimler hep benimleydi. Beni her zaman destekleyen bu dostlarıma minnettarım. Ayrıca küçük kardeşlerim Mohammed Naser Nafis Chowdhury’e, Sayed Tarek Mahmud’a, Sayed Yaser Tanvir Chowdhury’e, kız kardeşim Tahmina Akter Kulsum’e, yeğenlerim Tasfia ve Tabaccum’a ve kuzen Mehejabin’e minnettarım. Onları her zaman refakatçim olarak buldum. Sürekli destekleri ve geri dönüşleri bana çok yardımcı oldu. Yüce Allah onları bolca ödüllendirsin. Okulda gerekli olduğunda bana kütüphane desteğini sağlayan değerli kütüphane çalışanlarına da içten minnettarım. Bu destek olmadan tezimi bitirmek kolay olmayacaktı. Bana rehberlik eden, yardımcı olan, beni motive eden ve ilk günden bugüne kadar her adımda beni destekleyen burada ismini zikrettiğim ve zikredemediğim tüm saygıdeğer dostlarımı minnetle anıyorum. Allah, hepsine bol miktarda ecir versin. Son olarak, tezimi, hayatımı şekillendiren sevgili anne ve babama adıyorum. Saeyd Rashed Hasan CHOWDURY Ankara, 2019 iii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ...................................................................................................... I İÇİNDEKİLER........................................................................................ Iv KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ..................................................................... X EKLER...................................................................................................... Xi GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................ 01 A.1 Araştırma Problemi...................................................................... 03 A.2 Tezin Konusu................................................................................. 03 A.3 Tezin Amacı................................................................................... 03 A.4 Literatür Taraması...................................................................... 04 A.5 Araştırma Yöntemi....................................................................... 06 A.5.1. Birincil Araştırma Sorusu............, ......................... 07 A.5.2. İkincil Araştırma Sorusu........................................ 07 A.6 Kuramsal Çerçeve........................................................................ 08 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM BANGLADEŞ’TE TASAVVUFUN TEŞEKKÜLÜ VE TEDRİSATI 1.1. BENGAL’DE TASAVVUF’UN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI VE ETKİSİ........ 09 1.1.1. Erken Tarih............................................................. 09 1.1.2. Delhi Sultanlığı........................................................ 12 1.1.3. İngiliz Dönemi......................................................... 15 1.1.4. Pakistan Dönemi ve Bağımsız Bangladeş............. 16 1.2. BANGLADEŞ’TE TASAVVUF EĞİTİMİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ. 19 1.2.1. Geleneksel Kültür.................................................... 19 1.2.2. Sufi Hankâhları....................................................... 20 1.2.3. Langarkhana (Büyük YemeHanelerde Halka 22 Bedava Yemek Verme Geleneği) ……………… 1.2.4. Dergâhlar................................................................. 22 1.2.5. Senkrete Mistiklik................................................... 23 1.2.6. Ritüeller.................................................................... 24 1.2.7. Müzikal Etki............................................................ 25 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM BENGAL’DEKİ SUFİ TOPLULUKLARI VE GÜNÜMÜZDEKİ İZLERİ 2.1. BANGLADEŞ’TEKİ BAŞLICA SUFİ TARİKATLARI................... 27 2.1.1. Nakşibendiyye..................................................................... 28 2.1.2. Şâzeliyye..............................................................................
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