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A Doubled Double Hot Spot in J0816+5003 and the Logarithmic Slope of the Lensing Potential

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A Doubled Double Hot Spot in J0816+5003 and the Logarithmic Slope of the Lensing Potential A DOUBLED DOUBLE HOT SPOT IN J0816+5003 AND THE LOGARITHMIC SLOPE OF THE LENSING POTENTIAL The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Blundell, Katherine M., Paul L. Schechter, N. D. Morgan, Matt J. Jarvis, Steve Rawlings, and John L. Tonry. “A DOUBLED DOUBLE HOT SPOT IN J0816+5003 AND THE LOGARITHMIC SLOPE OF THE LENSING POTENTIAL.” The Astrophysical Journal 723, no. 2 (October 21, 2010): 1319–1324. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/723/2/1319 Publisher IOP Publishing Version Original manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88556 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ accepted by ApJ A Preprint typeset using L TEX style emulateapj v. 20/04/00 A DOUBLED DOUBLE HOTSPOT IN J0816+5003 AND THE LOGARITHMIC SLOPE OF THE LENSING POTENTIAL Katherine M. Blundell1, Paul L. Schechter2, N. D. Morgan2, Matt J. Jarvis3, Steve Rawlings1, & John L. Tonry4 accepted by ApJ ABSTRACT We present an analysis of observations of the doubly-lensed double hotspot in the giant radio galaxy J 0816+5003 from MERLIN, MDM, WIYN, WHT, UKIRT and the VLA. The images of the two hotspot components span a factor of two in radius on one side of the lensing galaxy at impact parameters of less than 500 pc. Hence we measure the slope of the lensing potential over a large range in radius, made possible by significant improvement in the accuracy of registration of the radio and optical frame and higher resolution imaging data than previously available. We also infer the lens and source redshifts to be 0.332 and ∼> 1 respectively. Purely on the basis of lens modelling, and independently of stellar velocity dispersion measurements, we find the potential to be very close to isothermal. Subject headings: gravitational lensing: strong radio continuum: galaxies galaxies: quasars: individual (J0816+5003) 1. INTRODUCTION radio galaxies. J 0816+5003 is an example of a candidate included in the initial search but subsequently excluded by In contrast to multiply-imaged, compact flat-spectrum sources, strongly-lensed extended, steep spectrum sources the filtering criteria. occupy a distinctly inferior position in the gravitational The lens we study in this paper is the hotspot com- plex within the northern lobe of the giant radio galaxy lens pantheon. Yet, in a paper that marks the beginning of the modern era in gravitational lensing, Press & Gunn J0816+5003, which has an angular extent of over an ar- (1973) argued that radio lobes were the most promising cminute and is pictured in figure 1 of Leh´ar et al. (2001). Both the associated radio core, a half arcminute away to targets in searching for lensing. Indeed, examples in their figure 6 resemble the lens which is the study of this paper, the south west, and its optical counterpart are identified, allowing accurate registration of the lensed hotspot and but since that paper was written, lensed lobes have proven the lensing galaxy. In addition we find, with higher res- more difficult to interpret. Chief among the difficulties is the continuing poor reg- olution radio imaging than was available to Leh´ar et al. (2001), that the hotspot has two components both of which istration between the radio and optical reference frames are doubly imaged. Finally, the lensed images are asym- (Deutsch 1999). Radio lobes tend not to have optical emission that allows their position to be determined metrically located with respect to the lensing galaxy, per- mitting determination of the radial profile of the lensing with respect to any lensing galaxy that might be iden- potential. In particular, the images of the two sources tified. As lobes are extended and polarized, they offer more potential constraints than multiply imaged point span a factor of two in radius on one side of the galaxy at impact parameters of less than 500pc. sources, but modelling such emission requires substantial This, together with accurate radio and optical astro- machinery (Kochanek, Blandford, Lawrence & Narayan 1989; Ellithorpe et al 1996; Dye & Warren 2005; metric registration as well as higher resolution radio images than were available to Leh´ar et al. (2001), en- Vegetti & Koopmans 2009). For the most part, lensed ables us to make a pure-lensing measurement of the arXiv:1008.3273v1 [astro-ph.CO] 19 Aug 2010 lobes have been passed over in favor of their compact total mass flat-spectrum cousins. slope of the potential of the of the lensing galaxy on the scales probed, including the dark mat- We describe in this paper Merlin and VLA observations of the doubly-lensed double radio hotspot J0816+5003 ter. By combining lensing and dynamical analyses, the (a.k.a. 6C 0812+501) discovered both by Leh´ar et al. SLACS team have investigated this and other properties (e.g. Bolton et al. 2007; Gavazzi et al. 2007; Bolton et al. (2001), using a clever automated strategy for finding ex- tended radio emission which is gravitationally lensed, and 2008; Barnab`eet al. 2009). The slope of the poten- independently by the Oxford group searching for high red- tial figures prominently both in measurements of the Hubble constant and in discussions of the mass profiles shift radio galaxies. The techniques for high redshift radio galaxy searches include filtering on the basis of steep radio of elliptical galaxies (Chen, Kochanek, & Hewitt 1995; spectra and small angular size (e.g. Blundell et al. 1998; Bernstein & Fischer 1999; Romanowsky & Kochanek 1999; Williams & Saha 2000; Witt et al 2000; Cohn et al Jarvis et al. 2001; Jarvis et al 2001) in the course filtering radio source surveys to optimize seaches for high redshift 2001). There are very few examples where one can measure the slopes in this way — some exceptions 1University of Oxford, Astrophysics, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK 2Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 3Centre for Astrophysics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AB, UK 4Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 1 2 Blundell et al include MG1654+134 (Kochanek 1995), 0957+561 (Grogin & Narayan 1996a,b; Fischer et al 1997), MG2016+112 (Treu & Koopmans 2002), B1152+199 (Rusin et al 2002), but cf. B1933+503 (Cohn et al 2001) and especially PG1115+080 (Chen, Kochanek, & Hewitt 1995; Romanowsky & Kochanek 1999). Some newly found lenses by the SLACS team have also yielded constraints on the slope, albeit in most cases by a comparision of stellar velocity dispersions and Einstein ring radii (Koopmans et al. 2006). With regard to measurement of H0, a very small frac- tion of systems are suitable for measurement of time delays but as mentioned above, only a small fraction of systems are suitable for measurement of the slope of the poten- tial. Since the overlap of these two sets is slim, it remains important to glean as much as possible about the slopes of galaxies potentials and extrapolate from the former to the latter (Kochanek & Schechter 2004). The currently accepted value of H0 is reconcilable with inferred values from the 10 firm time-delay measurements in gravitational lenses only if dark matter halos are eliminated and a con- stant mass-to-light ratio used. Fig. 1.— VLA contours of the north hotspot structure of J 0816+5003 at 5 GHz. It has a beam of 0.55′′ 0.36′′ at a p.a. of 82.39 deg. The lowest contour is at 0.4 mJy/beam× and adjacent contours differ by a factor of √2. The greyscale is an R-band image from the WHT. The convention for naming follows that instigated by Leh´ar et al. (2001). 2. OBSERVATIONS 2.1. VLA imaging J0816+5003 was observed for 2 minutes on 1996 Dec 06 in the A-configuration of the Very Large Array (hereafter VLA) at 5GHz under program code AR365 originally as part of an Oxford survey for high redshift radio galaxies. The data were reduced using standard procedures in the AIPS software package. The primary flux calibrator was 3C286 and the phase calibrator was 0804+499. The image showing its lensed northern hotspot structure is shown in Figure 1. 2.3. Optical and near-IR imaging In order to establish the nature of any galaxy associated with 6C0816+5003, this source was observed for 5 minutes in R-band on 1997 Jan 9 on the William Herschel Tele- Merlin imaging 2.2. scope (hereafter WHT) using the Aux Port Camera, and To obtain higher resolution radio imaging than in Fig- was flat-fielded and reduced using standard procedures. A ure1, J0816+5003 was observed with six antennas of greyscale of this image is presented in Figure 1. the Multi-Element Linked Radio INterferometer (here- Near-infra red K-band observations of J 0816+5003 were after MERLIN) at 1.7GHz on 1997 Jun 27 for 10.58 hrs, made using the UFTI instrument for 27 minutes on the during which observations of a nearby phase calibrator, United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope (hereafter UKIRT) B0803+514, were interleaved. Again, the data were re- on 2002 Jan 13. Unfortunately conditions were not photo- duced using standard procedures within AIPS including metric, but approximate flux density boot strapping was standard polarimetric calibration made possible by the ex- made via a short (9-minute) service observation on 2002 tensive parallactic angle coverage of the phase calibrator Mar 11. For each of these observations, following stan- throughout the 10+ hour observation. dard practice, each successive 60-sec exposure was jittered Figures 2 and 3 show contours of the total intensity from the previous position and a flat-field was created by MERLIN data in different ways as described in the fig- combining all frames from a particular observation using a ure captions, with the highest resolution image having a median filter.
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