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Handicraft Survey Report, Ilkal Sarees, Part X-D, Series-9

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Handicraft Survey Report, Ilkal Sarees, Part X-D, Series-9 CENSUS OF INDIA 198J SERIES ~ PART-X D KARNATAKA HANDICRAFT SURVEY REPORT: ILKAL SAREES Report Drafting: M. S. RAMACHANDRA Assistant Director of CenSllS Operations (T) Editing: K. B. KOPPAD Deputy Director of Census Operations Supervision: B. S. NARASIMHA MURTHY Join1 Director of Census Opefations FOREWORD The Indian handicrafts are known the world over for their rich variety, grace, elegance acel skilkc craftsman­ ship. Nevertheless, a number of handicrafts because of their stiff competition with factory made products, non­ availability of raw materials, exhorbitant increase in the manufacturing CDst, lack of proper marketing facilities for finished products or due to a variety of other reasons have either become extinct or have reached the moribund stage. After independence, however, a number of schemes were introduced by different government agencies for their growth and development but still this sudden impetus have helped only a few crafts to flourish and thereby become spinners of foreign exchange for the country. Despite the unique position being enjoyed by the handicrafts especially in the realm of national economy, the general awareness among the people in the country about our crafts and craftsmen had been deplorably poor. Nothing was practically known about the commodities produced, technique~ employed for the manufacture of different objects, raw materials used, their availability, methods adopted for the sale of finished products etc. An attempt was therefore made in connection with the 1961 Census to study about 150 crafts from different parts of the country with a view to provide basic information on those crafts which were selected for the study. At the 1971 Census, the study on handicrafts was not taken up but this was again revived in connection with the 1981 Census. There has been, however, some difference between the studies taken up in connection with the Cen­ suses of 1961 and 1981. While the 1961 studie~ have covered both rural and urban crafts, the 1981 studies have focu­ ssed their attention only on traditional rural based crafts. That apart, the 1981 studies besides touching upon those aspects which were covered under the 1961 series, have laid emphasis oa matters that are vital for the revival of rural craft& and thereby for the rejuvenation of the economy of the region particularly the villages. This is in consonance with the policy of the government to give due importance to the rural sector with focus on employment intensive strategy of development in which next to agriculture, the small scale industries and handicrafts playa significant role. The formats required for undertaking the study were formulated by Dr. K.P. Ittaman under the able guidance of Dr. N.G. Nag, the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. Dr. Ittaman who succeeded Dr. Nag as Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division co-ordinated the study undertaken in different States/Union Territories by the Directorates of Census Operations. The reports received from the Directorates were examined by Shri M.K. Jain, Senior Research Officer with the help of Smt. Suman Prashar, Assistant Director of Census Operations and Shyam Singh, Junior Investigator. I am grateful to all of them for organising this study. The present report is the outcome of a study undertaken on 'Ilka1 Sarees' by the Directorate of Census Operations, Karnataka. I have immense pleasure in acknowledging the services rendered by Shri B. S. Narasil1lha Murthy, Joint Director and his colleagues in th(;. Census Directorate for bringing out this publication. New Delhi, V. S. VERMA the 1st June. 1988 REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA PREFACE Handicrafts in India have greater significa~H':c th~n .being l.ll.crc art~facl~ produced by a few lJ.credltary. craftslTI.cn, for these tap.gibly express the cultural and creat've artIstic tradItIOns of the country. The ha'ldl~r~ft articles of Im­ mense aesthetic value even noW are the products of common endeavour of the member:; of tradltlOh<1l households. Therefore the survival of these households re)t:; 011 a profitable uispos:.tl of such articles. Lack of marketability of these pro~ucts has, in recent years, adversely ,lffeded tl;e v~~~ e.xistencc of ~~ch art!sans.. /\ il1clioration and devc1,?p­ ment of handicrafts are, therefore, not only matters or renablhtatmg a few craftsmen 111 their ancestral trade and keepmg alive the traditional art but in fact are of revitalisil1g the ~urvivability of the craftsmen themselves. The current position of the handicrafts and the craftsmen is not at all satisfactory. In his foreword, Shri V. S. Verma, lAS, the Registrar General, India, has succinctly brought out this factor. He has also explained the rationale of the Census Organisation in embarking upon an ancillary project aimed at providing basic information on a few selected crafts as part of the 1961 Census and in reviving such a project again in association with the 1981 Cemus. Shr i Verma has specified the enlarged scope and coverage of the 1981 series of the Handicrafts Survey. This all India project envisages" study of two rural-based crafts from each State. In so far as Karnataka is concerned, with his intimate knowledge of the rural crafts that are somewhat u'lique to the State, Shri B. K. Das, IAS, the Director of Census Operations for the 1981 Census, selected the crafts pertaining to: (i) the weaving of sarees popularly known as llkal Sarees and (ii) the production of domestic wares in bell metal for study. The work on thi~ project was taken up in mid 1985, about a ye;Jr after Shri B.K. Das demitted the office of the Director of Census Operations to assume higher responsibihties assigneci to him by the Government of Karnataka. The present volume which deals with 'Jlbl sarees' marks the successful completion of a study that was initiated during 11is tenure. I proudly acknowledge the benefits that I have derived from the leadership and guidance provided by Shri B.K. Das and take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to him. This volume symbolises the fruition of the combined efforts of the staff of my own office, the staff attached to the Social Studies Division of the office of the Registrar General, India, New Delhi and the numerous respondents who patiently furnished information during the course of investig,uion for this study. In my own offi('e, Shri Raja Rao, Investigator did the initial field work and prepared the preliminary draft. SuhseQuently. Shri M. S. Rama­ chandr':l, ADCO(T), not only canvassed the presc(ibed schedules at th' household level but also cO'lducted Intensive investigatIOns and supplemented the data gathered earlier by the Investigator. He abo superVised the tabulation work. Shri K.V. Parthas:;\rathy, Statistical Assistant and Shri R. Nagendra Prasad, Computor, prepared the relevant tables f10m the household sclledules. While Smt. N. Vafl':ljakshi, LD.C attended to the bulk of the typing work, Snri H. Vijayendra Rao, Senior Artist and Snri T. S. Chinnaswamy (of the Weaver's Service Centre, Bangalore) prepared the line drawings. Shri M.S. Ramachandra, ADCO(T), drafted the final report under the able guidance of Shri K.B. Kop­ pad, Deputy Director of Census Operations. Shri K.B. Koppad. who took tbe pht tographs (presented in this Volume) at the craft centres deserves a spt'cial mentioll for his singular contribution. J thankfully acknowledge the contribution Qfeach one of the above mentioned personnel and in additiop, am thankful to several others who have directly or indirectly contributed for this project. I am deeply indebted to Shri V. S. Verma, lAS, the Registrar General, India, for the encouragement and the guidance that I have bet'n receiving from nim from time to time r am also thankful to Dr. K.P. Ittam'll1, Deputv Registrar General, (Social Studies Division) and Shri M. K. Jain, Senior Rbeal'ch Officer (Social Stlldie~ Division) for providing the frame work f:::lr this study and abo for ~heir valualle sugge~tions in enhancing the qmdity of the report. Bangrziore, B.S. NARASIMHA MURTHY Dated 23 February, 1989 loint Director 0/ Census Operations, Karnataka. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Field work • Shri Raja Rao, Investigator Shri M.S. Ramachandra, ADCO(T) . Tabulation Shri K. V. Parthasarathy, Stastical Assistant Shri R. Nagendra Prasad, Computor Shri Ashok Kumar Naik; Assistant Compiler Drafting Shri M.S. Ramachandra, ADCO(T) Erii!hg '1114 Photogr!J])hv • Shri K.B. Kopphd, DDCO Typing • Smt. N. Vanajakshi, L.D.C. Line Drawings . Shri H. Vijayendra Rao, St. Artist & Shri T.S. Chinnaswamy (Pattern Maker in the Weavers' Service Centre, Bangalore) (vii) CONTENTS Page No. FOREWORD (iii) PREFACE (v) CHAPTER [-HISTORY OF ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRAFT 1-16 Introduction-Handloom \\eavint' in Kamataka (a broad perspective)-..,...Handloorn "eaving in Bijapur district (a peep into the past)-Bricf 0 Jtlin-: regan!ing the origin and dewlopment of the craft - --Craft Centres---Broad categories of craftsrren by nature of transactions·--Types of craftsmen by nature of work performed--Naturc <::1U volume of handicrafts objects produced-­ Disposal of produce-Attitude of craftsmen (oward, diffcrent agencies patronising the production and distribution-Salient details about the institutions engag.:d in promoting the craft: (a) K:;rn:lt:1b H::r:Jloom Development Corporation, (b) Wea­ vers' Cooperative Societies---Training ('/11/1 PrOdlK'tiull Centres CHAPTER II-CRAFTSMFN IN THFIR RURAL SFTTJNG 17- 38 A. Dotihal 17-22 Location-Availability of amenities :Iml scr'vicc<;--,j i)~ I C('nsus (i;lI[t- Hlmic composition-Status of craftsmen and their households in the village- l)ernographi.;: profile of the rl':1ftsmcn community: Age--composition, Literacy, Marital Statm, fronomic Activity, Ac1ivitir~ of Non·workers--JIj<;lO!) of rrolVlh all11 d('vrlopmcnt of the cmft in the village B, Kandgal 22- 28 Location-Availability of amenities and services--19RI Censu.;, data--Ethnic composition-Status of craflsmen and their house­ holds in the village--Dernographic profile of the craft ,men cIlmmunity : -f.
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