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Lasiosphaeria DEFINITIEF Sterbeeckia 28: 35-41 (2008) OMTRENT LASIOSPHAERIA S.L. BERNARD DECLERCQ Axelsvaardeken 28, 9185 Wachtebeke Summary – About Lasiosphaeria s.l. A key of Lasiosphaeria and related genera, occuring in Flanders (Belgium), based on morphologic characters is presented. Four new combinations, i.e. Echinosphaeria strigosa (Alb. & Schwein.) B. Declercq comb. nov., Hilberina dactylina (Webster) B. Declercq comb. nov., Hilberina munkii (R. Hilber & O. Hilber) B. Declercq comb. nov. and Hilberina rufa (Cand., J. Fourn. & Magni) B. Declercq comb. nov., are proposed. Het genus Lasiosphaeria Conceptevolutie tijdens het voorbije decennium Het genus Lasiosphaeria Ces. & De Not. (1863) Een eerste en recente poging om in het genus meer behoort tot de orde Sordariales ( Sordariomycetes, orde te scheppen werd ondernomen door Candoussau Ascomycota ). De vertegenwoordigers van dit genus, et al. (2001). Deze auteurs stelden dat in de brede zin, komen hoofdzakelijk voor op hout, vruchtlichaambeharing, tomentum en subiculum maar ook op kruiden en grassen. De soorten zijn weliswaar goed te onderscheiden maar erg variabele algemeen in gematigde klimaatstreken. kenmerken zijn binnen dit genus, en als minder De type-soort Lasiosphaeria ovina (Pers.) Ces. & De belangrijke karakteristieken van lager niveau te Not. (Eivormig ruigkogeltje) wordt gekenmerkt door: beschouwen zijn. De door hen voorgestelde sleutel - perithecia bovenop het substraat zittend, wand voor lignicole Lasiosphaeria steunt op de morfologie leerachtig en bekleed met een wittig tomentum; van de ascosporen, een karakteristiek die zij - asci met een wrattige subapicale globulus, belangrijker vinden. Op basis hiervan onderscheiden apikaalring inamyloid; zij 4 groepen (fig. 2): - ascosporen sigmoïd tot geniculaat, glad, hyalien tot gelig, jong met aanhangsels, 42-46 × 5 µm, - Sp. centraal gebogen tot bijna recht rijp bruinig en 7-septaat (fig. 1). a. Sp. allantoid, ovaal, nier- tot Tot voor kort werd een breed concept voor banaanvormig, Q (L/B) <7 Lasiosphaeria aangehouden, waarbij taxa met b. Sp. cilindrisch of wormvormig, Q(L/B) > gelijkaardige vruchtlichaamwand, vruchtlichaam- (8)9 wandbekleding en/of sporenvorm aanvaard werden. - Sp. gebogen in onderste derde of vierde, Dit concept is met de jaren, door toevoeging van geniculaat tot sigmoïd nieuwe soorten, breder en heterogener geworden. Zo c. Sp. geniculaat, gebogen deel met puntig bevatte Lasiosphaeria op het einde van de vorige eind eeuw meer dan 180 soorten, waarvan, gebaseerd op d. Sp. geniculaat tot sigmoïd, een of beide de recentste inzichten, mag aangenomen worden dat einden afgerond, soms met hyaline ze helemaal niet samenhoren in eenzelfde genus. aanhangsels Fig. 1. Lasiosphaeria ovina . Sporen en ascoconidia (fide Fig. 2. Vier groepen van ascosporen Candoussau et al. 2001) (B. Declercq 07/005 (GENT)). Maatstr. = 10 µm. 35 Sporengroep Type Ascomata groeiwijze bekleding Lasiosphaeria sectie Lasiosphaeria D, A L. ovina oppervlakkig glad, met tomentum sectie Hirsutae D, C L. hirsuta oppervlakkig meestal tuberculaat, met setae sectie Strigosae A L. canescens oppervlakkig glad, met dikwandige eencellige setae sectie Setosae C L. breviseta oppervlakkig met dikwandige gesepteerde setae sectie Subiculatae B, C L. punctata oppervlakkig, met glad tot met dunwandige klein subiculum gesepteerde haren Cercophora D, gezwollen C. mirabilis oppervlakkig of bovenste deel verzonken Herminia D, deels H. dichroospora oppervlakkig doorzichtig bruin Ruzenia A R. spermoides oppervlakkig, met stroma Tabel 1. Lasiosphaeria en aanverwante taxa naar R. Hilber & O. Hilber (2002) Hilber & Hilber (2002) onderscheiden vijf secties Hilberina Huhndorf & A.N. Mill. en Immersiella binnen Lasiosphaeria . De eerste sectie, A.N. Mill. & Huhndorf; Lasiosphaeria , herbergt de typesoort Lasiosphaeria - het genus Lasiosphaeris Clem. opnieuw gebruikt ovina . De vier andere secties worden onderscheiden wordt met Lasiosphaeris hispida (Tode) Clem. en op basis van een combinatie van wandsamenstelling, Lasiosphaeris hirsuta (Fr.) A.N. Mill. & -beharing en sporenvorm (tabel 1, fig. 2). Huhndorf als vertegenwoordigers; Verder worden drie aanverwante genera binnen de Lasiosphaeriaceae vermeld: Besluiten - Cercophora Fuckel, waarvan de auteurs stellen De kennis en de omschrijving van het genus dat nader onderzoek nodig is om na te gaan of dit Lasiosphaeria s.l. geraakte de laatste jaren in een al dan niet een subgenus is van Lasiosphaeria . stroom-versnelling, waarbij heel wat vrij algemeen - Herminia R. Hilber, een monotypisch genus, met gekende soorten buiten het genus geplaatst werden. sigmoïde sporen die deels doorzichtig bruin zijn; De resultaten en de nieuwe inzichten op basis van de - Ruzenia O. Hilber ex A.N. Mill. & Huhndorf, een fylogenetische studies van Miller & Huhndorf nieuw genus genoemd naar Ruzena Hilber (†), (2004a, b) liggen aan de basis van deze ingrijpende met Ruzenia spermoides (Hoffm.) O. Hilber ex wijzigingen. De monofyletische clades zijn gelukkig A.N. Mill. & Huhndorf (Stronkruigkogeltje) als herkenbaar op basis van macroscopische en type. microscopische kenmerken. De hierna volgende sleutel van Lasiosphaeria -achtige genera Het belang van de sporenmorfologie (verschillende voorkomend in Vlaanderen (+ Herminia ) volgt de groepen) werd pas voorgoed bevestigd in een studie nieuwe indeling gebruikmakend van klassieke van Miller & Huhndorf (2004a). Verschillende taxa, morfologische kenmerken. De sleutel werd toegepast met respectievelijk sporen van de vier groepen (fig. bij de studie van eigen collecties en materiaal 2), werden onderzocht in een fylogenetische analyse beschikbaar in het herbarium van Meise (BR) en op basis van sequenties van ribosomaal DNA. Gent (GENT) wat tot een aantal nieuwe combinaties Lasiosphaeria s.l. blijkt uiteen te vallen in meerdere leidde. monofyletische clades waardoor: Sleutel tot de Lasiosphaeria-achtige genera - het genus Lasiosphaeria een veel engere maar meer natuurlijke omschrijving krijgt; In onderstaande engelstalige sleutel wordt gewerkt - er drie nieuwe genera beschreven konden worden: met sporengroepen A, C en D (groepen volgens Echinosphaeria A.N. Mill. & Huhndorf, Miller & Huhndorf 2004a). De sporenmorfologie van elke groep wordt weergegeven in fig. 1. 36 Key to the Lasiosphaeria -like genera 1. Ascomata superficial, covered by flexible hairs; asci amyloid, without subapical globulus; spores of group A (i.e. allantoid, ovoid, kidney- or banana-shaped, Q(L/B) <7)............................ Iodosphaeria Samuels, E. Müll. & Petrini 1. Asci inamyloid ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Asci with subapical globulus (some exceptions in Cercophora !); spores of group D (i.e. spores bended in lower third to fourth, geniculate to sigmoïd, both ends broadly rounded or one end narrowly rounded, sometimes with appendages, Q (L/B) >9) ............................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Asci without subapical globulus; spore not of group D ......................................................................................... 8 3. Ascomata immersed to erumpent, covered by flexible hairs ................................................................ Immersiella 3. Ascomata superficial or with an immersed base .................................................................................................... 4 4. Spores may have a swollen part, not or only slightly pigmented, never dark brown ............................................ 5 4. Spores with a dark brown distal part when mature ................................................................................................ 6 5. Ascomata smooth, covered by a tomentum (which may disappear by weathering), content yellow, pink or orange; .............................................................................................................................................. Lasiosphaeria 5. Ascomata mostly tuberculate, with setae ........................................................................................... Lasiosphaeris 6. Spores without swollen part, upper two-third dark brown when mature ................................................. Herminia 6. Spores with a swollen dark brown distal part when mature .................................................................................. 7 7. Ascomata composed of superficial, clavate, mostly uniperitheciate stromata .................... Bombardia (Fr.) P. Karst. 7. Ascomata non-stromatic ............................................................................................................................... Cercophora 8. Ascomata superficial, with setae; spores of group C (i.e. sp. bended in lower third to fourth, geniculate, bended part with spiny end, Q (L/B) >9) .................................................................................................................. Hilberina 8. Spores of group A (i.e. sp. bended in the middle to almost straight, allantoid, ovoid, kidney- to banana-shaped, Q(L/B) <7) ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 9. Ascomata superficial, smooth, covered by thick-walled setae ...................................................... Echinosphaeria 9. Ascomata superficial, rugulose, without setae or hairs .............................................................................
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