DOCSLIB.ORG

International Federation for Information Processing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

International Federation for Information Processing Annual Report 2018 / 2019 www.ifip.org @ifipnews International Federation for Information Processing, 2020 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 4 3. PRESIDENT’S REPORT ................................................................................................... 5 4. HONORARY SECRETARY'S REPORT ................................................................................ 7 5. HONORARY TREASURER'S REPORT ................................................................................ 8 6. IFIP HISTORIAN'S REPORT ........................................................................................... 12 7. INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE PROGRAMME (IP3) ................................... 15 8. STANDING COMMITTEE REPORTS ............................................................................... 22 8.1 Admissions Committee ...................................................................................................... 22 8.2 Publications Committee .................................................................................................... 23 8.3 Digital Equity Committee .................................................................................................. 30 8.4 Finance Committee ........................................................................................................... 36 8.5 Membership and Marketing Committee ........................................................................... 38 8.6 IFIP Elections ...................................................................................................................... 42 8.7 Statutes and Bylaws Committee ....................................................................................... 44 9. DOMAIN COMMITTEE REPORTS .................................................................................. 45 9.1 Doman Committee on Internet of Things ......................................................................... 45 9.2 Doman Committee on IT in Disaster Risk Reduction ......................................................... 50 10. MEMBER SOCIETIES ASSEMBLY ................................................................................. 51 11. TECHNICAL ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................... 52 12. MEMBER SOCIETY REPORT: INTERNATIONAL MEMBER AT LARGE .............................. 55 12.1 Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ................................................................. 55 13. MEMBER SOCIETY REPORTS: COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVE MEMBERS ........................ 61 13.1 Austrian Computer Society (OCG) ................................................................................... 61 13.2 Australian Computer Society Incorporated (ACS) ........................................................... 64 13.4 Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS) ............................................................. 67 13.5 Croatian Information Technology Association (CITA) ..................................................... 69 13.6 Czech Society for Cybernetics and Informatics (CSKI) ..................................................... 72 13.7 French Informatics Society (SiF) ...................................................................................... 74 13.8 Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI) ................................................................................ 76 2 13.9 Associazione Italiana per l'Informatica ed il Calcolo Automatico (AICA) ........................ 80 13.10 Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ) ............................................................. 81 13.11 IT Professionals New Zealand (ITP NZ) .......................................................................... 86 13.12 Koninklijke Nederlandse Vereniging van Informatie-professionals (KNVI) (Royal Netherlands Association of Information Professionals) .......................................................... 89 13.13 Norwegian Computer Society (NCS) ............................................................................ 104 13.14 Slovak Society for Computer Science (SSCS) ............................................................... 106 13.15 Dataföreningen I Sverige (The Swedish Computer Society) ........................................ 110 13.16 Schweizer Informatik Gesellschaft (SI) ........................................................................ 111 13.17 British Computer Society (BCS) ................................................................................... 112 14. TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPORTS .......................................................................... 115 14.1 TC1: Foundations of Computer Science ........................................................................ 115 14.2 TC2: Software: Theory and Practice .............................................................................. 117 14.3 TC3: Education ............................................................................................................... 118 14.4 TC5: Information Technology Applications ................................................................... 122 14.5 TC6: Communication Systems ....................................................................................... 125 14.6 TC7: System Modelling and Optimization ..................................................................... 129 14.7 TC8: Information Systems ............................................................................................. 131 14.8 TC9: ICT and Society ...................................................................................................... 132 14.9 TC11: Security and Privacy Protection in Information Processing Systems .................. 138 14.10 TC12: Artificial Intelligence .......................................................................................... 142 14.11 TC13: Human-Computer Interaction ........................................................................... 146 14.12 TC14: Entertainment Computing................................................................................. 151 3 2. Introduction (Max Bramer, Honorary Secretary) This is the second in what will become a regular series of annual reports issued by IFIP, the International Federation for Information Processing, based on papers prepared for our annual General Assemblies. This report covers the period from October 2018 up to the General Assembly in Kiev, Ukraine in October 2019. IFIP is a global non-profit federation of societies of ICT professionals. It aims to achieve the worldwide professional and socially responsible developmen8 and application of information and communication technologies. The Federation's membership comprises approximately 38 national and international ICT societies in six continents. Together its member societies represent over half a million ICT specialists worldwide. The Federation was founded under the auspices of UNESCO in 1960, so 2020 marks the important milestone of its sixtieth anniversary year. IFIP also has thirteen Technical Committees (TCs) covering all areas of ICT from Foundations of Computer Science through Artificial Intelligence to ICT and Society. The TCs have approximately 100 Working Groups which comprise around 3,500 international ICT specialists. Together they organise, sponsor or co-sponsor around 100 events each year, bringing together skilled professionals and thought leaders from ICT industry, research and policy to enable the sharing of knowledge and development of professional standards. Proceedings are published in major technical publications such as the Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. Copies of many papers are also made available free of charge in the IFIP Digital Library. As well as Technical Committees, IFIP has four Domain Committees, established to strengthen inter-disciplinary work, specifically in application domains where ICT is increasingly being deployed. There are currently Domain Committees on Cloud Computing, IT in Disaster Risk Reduction, Health Informatics and Internet of Things. As part of its commitment to professionalism, IFIP has established IP3, the International Professional Practice Partnership, which is developing an infrastructure to encourage and support the development of both ICT practitioners and employer organizations, recognise those who meet and maintain the required standards for knowledge, experience, competence and integrity, and define international standards of professionalism in ICT. It currently has members in 14 countries. IFIP pays special attention to the needs of developing countries and assists them in obtaining optimum benefit from information technology through its standing committee on Digital Equity and otherwise. The Federation's main flagship event is the World Computer Congress (WCC), which has run approximately every two years since 1959 and includes exhibitions of computer systems and services, world-class technical events, symposia and workshops. The twenty-fourth WCC was held in Poznan, Poland in September 2018. This document contains reports on all areas of the Federation's activity. Further information is available from the committees, societies etc represented here or from the General Secretary, Eduard Dundler, at [email protected]. Up to date news is also available from our free monthly publication, IFIP Insights,
Recommended publications
  • Kathleen Fisher Question: Interesting Answer in Algol

    Kathleen Fisher Question: Interesting Answer in Algol

    10/21/08 cs242! Lisp! Algol 60! Algol 68! Pascal! Kathleen Fisher! ML! Modula! Reading: “Concepts in Programming Languages” Chapter 5 except 5.4.5! Haskell! “Real World Haskell”, Chapter 0 and Chapter 1! (http://book.realworldhaskell.org/)! Many other languages:! Algol 58, Algol W, Euclid, EL1, Mesa (PARC), …! Thanks to John Mitchell and Simon Peyton Jones for some of these slides. ! Modula-2, Oberon, Modula-3 (DEC)! Basic Language of 1960! Simple imperative language + functions! Successful syntax, BNF -- used by many successors! real procedure average(A,n); statement oriented! real array A; integer n; No array bounds.! begin … end blocks (like C { … } )! begin if … then … else ! real sum; sum := 0; Recursive functions and stack storage allocation! for i = 1 step 1 until n Fewer ad hoc restrictions than Fortran! do General array references: A[ x + B[3] * y ] sum := sum + A[i]; Type discipline was improved by later languages! average := sum/n No “;” here.! Very influential but not widely used in US! end; Tony Hoare: “Here is a language so far ahead of its time that it was not only an improvement on its predecessors Set procedure return value by assignment.! but also on nearly all of its successors.”! Question:! Holes in type discipline! Is x := x equivalent to doing nothing?! Parameter types can be arrays, but! No array bounds! Interesting answer in Algol:! Parameter types can be procedures, but! No argument or return types for procedure parameters! integer procedure p; begin Problems with parameter passing mechanisms!
  • Edsger Dijkstra: the Man Who Carried Computer Science on His Shoulders

    Edsger Dijkstra: the Man Who Carried Computer Science on His Shoulders

    INFERENCE / Vol. 5, No. 3 Edsger Dijkstra The Man Who Carried Computer Science on His Shoulders Krzysztof Apt s it turned out, the train I had taken from dsger dijkstra was born in Rotterdam in 1930. Nijmegen to Eindhoven arrived late. To make He described his father, at one time the president matters worse, I was then unable to find the right of the Dutch Chemical Society, as “an excellent Aoffice in the university building. When I eventually arrived Echemist,” and his mother as “a brilliant mathematician for my appointment, I was more than half an hour behind who had no job.”1 In 1948, Dijkstra achieved remarkable schedule. The professor completely ignored my profuse results when he completed secondary school at the famous apologies and proceeded to take a full hour for the meet- Erasmiaans Gymnasium in Rotterdam. His school diploma ing. It was the first time I met Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. shows that he earned the highest possible grade in no less At the time of our meeting in 1975, Dijkstra was 45 than six out of thirteen subjects. He then enrolled at the years old. The most prestigious award in computer sci- University of Leiden to study physics. ence, the ACM Turing Award, had been conferred on In September 1951, Dijkstra’s father suggested he attend him three years earlier. Almost twenty years his junior, I a three-week course on programming in Cambridge. It knew very little about the field—I had only learned what turned out to be an idea with far-reaching consequences. a flowchart was a couple of weeks earlier.
  • Annual Report

    Annual Report

    ANNUAL REPORT 2019FISCAL YEAR ACM, the Association for Computing Machinery, is an international scientific and educational organization dedicated to advancing the arts, sciences, and applications of information technology. Letter from the President It’s been quite an eventful year and challenges posed by evolving technology. for ACM. While this annual Education has always been at the foundation of exercise allows us a moment ACM, as reflected in two recent curriculum efforts. First, “ACM’s mission to celebrate some of the many the ACM Task Force on Data Science issued “Comput- hinges on successes and achievements ing Competencies for Undergraduate Data Science Cur- creating a the Association has realized ricula.” The guidelines lay out the computing-specific over the past year, it is also an competencies that should be included when other community that opportunity to focus on new academic departments offer programs in data science encompasses and innovative ways to ensure at the undergraduate level. Second, building on the all who work in ACM remains a vibrant global success of our recent guidelines for 4-year cybersecu- the computing resource for the computing community. rity curricula, the ACM Committee for Computing Edu- ACM’s mission hinges on creating a community cation in Community Colleges created a related cur- and technology that encompasses all who work in the computing and riculum targeted at two-year programs, “Cybersecurity arena” technology arena. This year, ACM established a new Di- Curricular Guidance for Associate-Degree Programs.” versity and Inclusion Council to identify ways to create The following pages offer a sampling of the many environments that are welcoming to new perspectives ACM events and accomplishments that occurred over and will attract an even broader membership from the past fiscal year, none of which would have been around the world.
  • Kein Folientitel

    Kein Folientitel

    182.703: Problems in Distributed Computing (Part 3) WS 2019 Ulrich Schmid Institute of Computer Engineering, TU Vienna Embedded Computing Systems Group E191-02 [email protected] Content (Part 3) The Role of Synchrony Conditions Failure Detectors Real-Time Clocks Partially Synchronous Models Models supporting lock-step round simulations Weaker partially synchronous models Dynamic distributed systems U. Schmid 182.703 PRDC 2 The Role of Synchrony Conditions U. Schmid 182.703 PRDC 3 Recall Distributed Agreement (Consensus) Yes No Yes NoYes? None? meet All meet Yes No No U. Schmid 182.703 PRDC 4 Recall Consensus Impossibility (FLP) Fischer, Lynch und Paterson [FLP85]: “There is no deterministic algorithm for solving consensus in an asynchronous distributed system in the presence of a single crash failure.” Key problem: Distinguish slow from dead! U. Schmid 182.703 PRDC 5 Consensus Solvability in ParSync [DDS87] (I) Dolev, Dwork and Stockmeyer investigated consensus solvability in Partially Synchronous Systems (ParSync), varying 5 „synchrony handles“ : • Processors synchronous / asynchronous • Communication synchronous / asynchronous • Message order synchronous (system-wide consistent) / asynchronous (out-of-order) • Send steps broadcast / unicast • Computing steps atomic rec+send / separate rec, send U. Schmid 182.703 PRDC 6 Consensus Solvability in ParSync [DDS87] (II) Wait-free consensus possible Consensus impossible s/r Consensus possible s+r for f=1 ucast bcast async sync Global message order message Global async sync Communication U. Schmid 182.703 PRDC 7 The Role of Synchrony Conditions Enable failure detection Enforce event ordering • Distinguish „old“ from „new“ • Ruling out existence of stale (in-transit) information • Distinguish slow from dead • Creating non-overlapping „phases of operation“ (rounds) U.
  • 2021 ACM Awards Call for Nominations

    2021 ACM Awards Call for Nominations

    Turing Award The A. M. Turing Award is ACM's oldest and most prestigious award. It is presented annually to an individual or a group of individuals who have made lasting contributions of a technical nature to the computing community. The long-term influence of a candidate’s work is taken into consideration, but there should be a singular outstanding and trend-setting technical achievement that constitutes the claim of the award. The award is presented each June at the ACM Awards Banquet and is accompanied by a prize of $1,000,000 plus travel expenses to the banquet. Financial support for the award is provided by Google Inc. ACM Prize in Computing The ACM Prize in Computing recognizes an early to mid-career fundamental and innovative contribution in computing theory or practice that through, its impact, and broad implications, exemplifies the greatest achievements of the discipline. The candidate’s contribution should be relatively recent (typically within the last decade), but enough time should have passed to evaluate impact. While there are no specific requirements as to age or time since last degree requirements, the candidate typically would be approaching mid-career. The Prize carries a prize of $250,000. Financial support for the award is provided by Infosys Ltd. ACM Frances E. Allen Award for Outstanding Mentoring The Frances E. Allen Award for Outstanding Mentoring will be presented for the first time in 2021. This award will recognize individuals who have exemplified excellence and/or innovation in mentoring with particular attention to individuals who have shown outstanding leadership in promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in computing.
  • Group Formation in Large Social Networks: Membership, Growth, and Evolution

    Group Formation in Large Social Networks: Membership, Growth, and Evolution

    Group Formation in Large Social Networks: Membership, Growth, and Evolution Lars Backstrom Dan Huttenlocher Jon Kleinberg Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Computer Science Cornell University, Ithaca NY and Johnson Graduate School Cornell University, Ithaca NY of Management [email protected] Cornell University, Ithaca NY [email protected] [email protected] Xiangyang Lan Dept. of Computer Science Cornell University, Ithaca NY [email protected] connected to one another. We use decision-tree techniques to iden- tify the most significant structural determinants of these properties. ABSTRACT We also develop a novel methodology for measuring movement of individuals between communities, and show how such movements The processes by which communities come together, attract new are closely aligned with changes in the topics of interest within the members, and develop over time is a central research issue in the communities. social sciences — political movements, professional organizations, and religious denominations all provide fundamental examples of Categories and Subject Descriptors: H.2.8 Database Manage- such communities. In the digital domain, on-line groups are be- ment: Database Applications – Data Mining coming increasingly prominent due to the growth of community General Terms: Measurement, Theory and social networking sites such as MySpace and LiveJournal. How- Keywords: social networks, on-line communities, diffusion of in- ever, the challenge of collecting and analyzing large-scale time- novations
  • Central Library: IIT GUWAHATI

    Central Library: IIT GUWAHATI

    Central Library, IIT GUWAHATI BACK VOLUME LIST DEPARTMENTWISE (as on 20/04/2012) COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING S.N. Jl. Title Vol.(Year) 1. ACM Jl.: Computer Documentation 20(1996)-26(2002) 2. ACM Jl.: Computing Surveys 30(1998)-35(2003) 3. ACM Jl.: Jl. of ACM 8(1961)-34(1987); 43(1996);45(1998)-50 (2003) 4. ACM Magazine: Communications of 39(1996)-46#3-12(2003) ACM 5. ACM Magazine: Intelligence 10(1999)-11(2000) 6. ACM Magazine: netWorker 2(1998)-6(2002) 7. ACM Magazine: Standard View 6(1998) 8. ACM Newsletters: SIGACT News 27(1996);29(1998)-31(2000) 9. ACM Newsletters: SIGAda Ada 16(1996);18(1998)-21(2001) Letters 10. ACM Newsletters: SIGAPL APL 28(1998)-31(2000) Quote Quad 11. ACM Newsletters: SIGAPP Applied 4(1996);6(1998)-8(2000) Computing Review 12. ACM Newsletters: SIGARCH 24(1996);26(1998)-28(2000) Computer Architecture News 13. ACM Newsletters: SIGART Bulletin 7(1996);9(1998) 14. ACM Newsletters: SIGBIO 18(1998)-20(2000) Newsletters 15. ACM Newsletters: SIGCAS 26(1996);28(1998)-30(2000) Computers & Society 16. ACM Newsletters: SIGCHI Bulletin 28(1996);30(1998)-32(2000) 17. ACM Newsletters: SIGCOMM 26(1996);28(1998)-30(2000) Computer Communication Review 1 Central Library, IIT GUWAHATI BACK VOLUME LIST DEPARTMENTWISE (as on 20/04/2012) COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING S.N. Jl. Title Vol.(Year) 18. ACM Newsletters: SIGCPR 17(1996);19(1998)-20(1999) Computer Personnel 19. ACM Newsletters: SIGCSE Bulletin 28(1996);30(1998)-32(2000) 20. ACM Newsletters: SIGCUE Outlook 26(1998)-27(2001) 21.
  • Publiek Domein Laat Bedrijven Te Veel Invullen

    Publiek Domein Laat Bedrijven Te Veel Invullen

    Steven Pemberton, software-uitvinder en bouwer aan het World wide web Publiek domein laat bedrijven te veel invullen De Brit Steven Pemberton is al sinds 1982 verbonden aan het Centrum voor Wiskunde Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam. Ook hij is een aartsvader van het internet. Specifiek van het World wide web, waarvan hij destijds dicht bij de uitvinding zat. Steven blijft naar de toekomst kijken, nog met dezelfde fraaie idealen. C.V. 19 februari 1953 geboren te Ash, Surrey, Engeland 1972-1975 Programmeur Research Support Unit Sussex University 1975-1977 Research Programmer Manchester University 1977-1982 Docent Computerwetenschap Brighton University 1982-heden Onderzoeker aan het Centrum voor Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) Verder: 1993–1999 Hoofdredacteur SIGCHI Bulletin en ACM Interactions 1999–2009 Voorzitter HTML en XHTML2 werkgroepen van W3C 2008-heden Voorzitter XForms werkgroep W3C The Internet Guide to Amsterdam Homepage bij het CWI Op Wikipedia 1 Foto’s: Frank Groeliken Tekst: Peter Olsthoorn Steven Pemberton laat zich thuis interviewen, op een typisch Amsterdamse plek aan de Bloemgracht, op de 6e etage van een pakhuis uit 1625 met uitzicht op de Westertoren. Hij schrijft aan een boek, een voortzetting van zijn jaarlijkse lezing in Pakhuis de Zwijger, met in 2011 The Computer as Extended Phenotype (Computers, Genes and You) als titel. Wat is je thema? “De invloed van hard- en software op de maatschappij, vanuit de nieuwe technologie bezien. ‘Fenotype’ gaat over computers als product van onze genen, als een onderdeel van de evolutie. Je kunt de aanwas van succesvolle genen zien als een vorm van leren, of een vorm van geheugen.
  • CS Cornell 40Th Anniversary Booklet

    CS Cornell 40Th Anniversary Booklet

    Contents Welcome from the CS Chair .................................................................................3 Symposium program .............................................................................................4 Meet the speakers ..................................................................................................5 The Cornell environment The Cornell CS ambience ..............................................................................6 Faculty of Computing and Information Science ............................................8 Information Science Program ........................................................................9 College of Engineering ................................................................................10 College of Arts & Sciences ..........................................................................11 Selected articles Mission-critical distributed systems ............................................................ 12 Language-based security ............................................................................. 14 A grand challenge in computer networking .................................................16 Data mining, today and tomorrow ...............................................................18 Grid computing and Web services ...............................................................20 The science of networks .............................................................................. 22 Search engines that learn from experience ..................................................24
  • An Interview with Tony Hoare ACM 1980 A.M. Turing Award Recipient

    An Interview with Tony Hoare ACM 1980 A.M. Turing Award Recipient

    1 An Interview with 2 Tony Hoare 3 ACM 1980 A.M. Turing Award Recipient 4 (Interviewer: Cliff Jones, Newcastle University) 5 At Tony’s home in Cambridge 6 November 24, 2015 7 8 9 10 CJ = Cliff Jones (Interviewer) 11 12 TH = Tony Hoare, 1980 A.M. Turing Award Recipient 13 14 CJ: This is a video interview of Tony Hoare for the ACM Turing Award Winners project. 15 Tony received the award in 1980. My name is Cliff Jones and my aim is to suggest 16 an order that might help the audience understand Tony’s long, varied, and influential 17 career. The date today is November 24th, 2015, and we’re sitting in Tony and Jill’s 18 house in Cambridge, UK. 19 20 Tony, I wonder if we could just start by clarifying your name. Initials ‘C. A. R.’, but 21 always ‘Tony’. 22 23 TH: My original name with which I was baptised was Charles Antony Richard Hoare. 24 And originally my parents called me ‘Charles Antony’, but they abbreviated that 25 quite quickly to ‘Antony’. My family always called me ‘Antony’, but when I went to 26 school, I think I moved informally to ‘Tony’. And I didn’t move officially to ‘Tony’ 27 until I retired and I thought ‘Sir Tony’ would sound better than ‘Sir Antony’. 28 29 CJ: Right. If you agree, I’d like to structure the discussion around the year 1980 when 30 you got the Turing Award. I think it would be useful for the audience to understand 31 just how much you’ve done since that award.
  • Image Alchemist Alexei Efros to Receive Acm Prize in Computing

    Image Alchemist Alexei Efros to Receive Acm Prize in Computing

    Jim Ormond ACM 212-626-0505 [email protected] IMAGE ALCHEMIST ALEXEI EFROS TO RECEIVE ACM PRIZE IN COMPUTING Researcher Hailed for Transformational Work at Intersection of Computer Graphics and Artificial Intelligence NEW YORK, NY, April 19, 2017 – ACM, the Association for Computing Machinery, announced today that Alexei A. Efros of the University of California, Berkeley is the recipient of the 2016 ACM Prize in Computing. Efros was cited for groundbreaking data-driven approaches to computer graphics and computer vision. A focus of his work has been to understand, model and recreate the visual world around us. Efros is a pioneer in combining the power of huge image datasets drawn from the Internet with machine learning algorithms to foster powerful image transformations and valuable research findings. He has also made fundamental contributions in texture synthesis, a technique that ushered in new horizons in computer graphics and is widely used in the film industry. The ACM Prize in Computing recognizes early-to-mid-career contributions that have fundamental impact and broad implications. Infosys Ltd. provides financial support for the $250,000 annual award. Efros will formally receive the ACM Prize at ACM’s annual awards banquet on June 24, 2017 in San Francisco. “It’s estimated that 1.8 billion images are uploaded to social media platforms worldwide every day,” explained ACM President Vicki L. Hanson. “This ocean of visual data provides great opportunities and some obvious challenges. In the area of artificial intelligence, for example, the ability to rapidly process huge quantities of photos or video stills can help a computer to recognize and identify patterns.
  • Literaturverzeichnis

    Literaturverzeichnis

    Literaturverzeichnis ABD+99. Dirk Ansorge, Klaus Bergner, Bernhard Deifel, Nicholas Hawlitzky, Christoph Maier, Barbara Paech, Andreas Rausch, Marc Sihling, Veronika Thurner, and Sascha Vogel: Managing componentware development – software reuse and the V-Modell process. In M. Jarke and A. Oberweis (editors): Advanced Information Systems Engineering, 11th International Conference CAiSE’99, Heidelberg, volume 1626 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 134–148. Springer, 1999, ISBN 3-540-66157-3. Abr05. Jean-Raymond Abrial: The B-Book. Cambridge University Press, 2005. AJ94. Samson Abramsky and Achim Jung: Domain theory. In Samson Abramsky, Dov M. Gabbay, and Thomas Stephen Edward Maibaum (editors): Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, volume 3, pages 1–168. Clarendon Press, 1994. And02. Peter Bruce Andrews: An introduction to mathematical logic and type theory: To Truth Through Proof, volume 27 of Applied Logic Series. Springer, 2nd edition, July 2002, ISBN 978-94-015-9934-4. AVWW95. Joe Armstrong, Robert Virding, Claes Wikström, and Mike Williams: Concurrent programming in Erlang. Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 1995. Bac78. Ralph-Johan Back: On the correctness of refinement steps in program develop- ment. PhD thesis, Åbo Akademi, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki, Finland, 1978. Report A–1978–4. Bas83. Günter Baszenski: Algol 68 Preludes for Arithmetic in Z and Q. Bochum, 2nd edition, September 1983. Bau75. Friedrich Ludwig Bauer: Software engineering. In Friedrich Ludwig Bauer (editor): Advanced Course: Software Engineering, Reprint of the First Edition (February 21 – March 3, 1972), volume 30 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 522–545. Springer, 1975. Bau82. Rüdeger Baumann: Programmieren mit PASCAL. Chip-Wissen. Vogel-Verlag, Würzburg, 1982.