Myalup-Wellington Project - Above Dam Pipelines

Flora, Vegetation and Fauna Survey

DRAFT

Prepared for Harvey Water by Strategen

March 2018

Myalup-Wellington Project - Above Dam Pipelines

Flora, Vegetation and Fauna Survey

DRAFT

Strategen is a trading name of Strategen Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd Level 1, 50 Subiaco Square Road Subiaco WA 6008 ACN: 056 190 419

March 2018

Limitations Scope of services This report (“the report”) has been prepared by Strategen Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd (Strategen) in accordance with the scope of services set out in the contract, or as otherwise agreed, between the Client and Strategen. In some circumstances, a range of factors such as time, budget, access and/or site disturbance constraints may have limited the scope of services. This report is strictly limited to the matters stated in it and is not to be read as extending, by implication, to any other matter in connection with the matters addressed in it. Reliance on data In preparing the report, Strategen has relied upon data and other information provided by the Client and other individuals and organisations, most of which are referred to in the report (“the data”). Except as otherwise expressly stated in the report, Strategen has not verified the accuracy or completeness of the data. To the extent that the statements, opinions, facts, information, conclusions and/or recommendations in the report (“conclusions”) are based in whole or part on the data, those conclusions are contingent upon the accuracy and completeness of the data. Strategen has also not attempted to determine whether any material matter has been omitted from the data. Strategen will not be liable in relation to incorrect conclusions should any data, information or condition be incorrect or have been concealed, withheld, misrepresented or otherwise not fully disclosed to Strategen. The making of any assumption does not imply that Strategen has made any enquiry to verify the correctness of that assumption. The report is based on conditions encountered and information received at the time of preparation of this report or the time that site investigations were carried out. Strategen disclaims responsibility for any changes that may have occurred after this time. This report and any legal issues arising from it are governed by and construed in accordance with the law of as at the date of this report. Environmental conclusions Within the limitations imposed by the scope of services, the preparation of this report has been undertaken and performed in a professional manner, in accordance with generally accepted environmental consulting practices. No other warranty, whether express or implied, is made.

Client: Harvey Water Revision Strategen Submitted to Client Report Version Purpose No. author/reviewer Form Date Preliminary Draft Report A Client review R Chesney, T Sleigh, Electronic 29/03/18 R Firth / D Newsome (email) Draft Report Final Draft Report Final Report Filename: COL17493_01 R002 Rev A - 29 March 2018

DRAFT Table of Contents

Table of contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Scope 1 2. Context 3 2.1 Legislative context 3 2.1.1 Conservation significant flora and ecological communities 3 2.1.2 Environmentally Sensitive Areas 4 2.1.3 Protection of native vegetation 4 2.1.4 Fauna 5 2.1.5 Introduced species 5 2.2 Environmental setting 6 2.2.1 Soils and topography 6 2.2.2 Climate 6 2.2.3 Regional vegetation 7 2.2.4 Background Ecological Information for Black Cockatoos 8 3. Methods 12 3.1 Flora and vegetation 12 3.1.1 Desktop assessment 12 3.1.2 Field assessment 12 3.1.3 Data analysis and vegetation mapping 12 3.1.4 Survey limitations and constraints 13 3.2 Black cockatoo habitat assessment 15 4. Results 16 4.1 Flora and vegetation 16 4.1.1 Desktop assessment results 16 4.1.2 Field survey results 21 4.2 Black Cockatoos 29 4.2.1 Potential Breeding Habitat 29 4.2.2 Foraging Habitat 29 5. Discussion 32 5.1 Flora and Vegetation 32 5.2 Black Cockatoos 32 5.2.1 Potential Breeding Habitat 32 5.2.2 Foraging Habitat 33 6. References 34

List of tables

Table 1: Personnel 12 Table 2: Flora and vegetation survey potential limitations and constraints 14 Table 3: Threatened and Priority flora potentially occurring within the Survey Area 17 Table 4: Locations of Threatened and Priority flora species recorded within the Survey Area 21 Table 5: Vegetation Types 24 Table 6: Area (ha) covered by each VT within the Survey Area 25 Table 7: Vegetation condition scale (Keighery 1994) 27 Table 8: Area (ha) covered by each vegetation condition category within the Survey Area 27

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List of figures Figure 1: The Survey Area 2 Figure 2: Mean monthly climatic data (temperature and rainfall) for Collie 6 Figure 3: Regional vegetation mapping 11 Figure 4: Locations of Threatened and Priority flora recorded within the Survey Area 23 Figure 5: Averaged randomised Species Accumulation Curve 24 Figure 6: Vegetation Types (VTs) mapped within the Survey Area 26 Figure 7: Vegetation condition within the Survey Area 28 Figure 8: Black Cockatoo forging habitat and potential breeding trees in the Survey Area 31

List of appendices Appendix 1 Conservation significant flora and ecological community definitions Appendix 2 DEE Black Cockatoo Distribution Maps Appendix 3 Desktop assessment results (DBCA 2017, DEE 2017c) Appendix 4 Vascular taxa recorded from quadrats within the Survey Area Appendix 5 Quadrat data Appendix 6 Potential Black Cockatoo Breeding Trees

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1. Introduction

1.1 Background

The Myalup-Wellington Project is an industry-led initiative to reduce salinity in Wellington Dam, Western Australia’s second largest reservoir. The Project is a major component of the State Government’s Water for Food program, which has the primary objective of doubling the economic value of agricultural production to regional economies by 2050.

The Myalup-Wellington Project includes construction of water supply pipelines above the Wellington Dam. The purpose of the pipelines is to convey saline water diverted from the Collie River East Branch near Buckingham, to storage at the disused Muja Mine ‘Z’ pit, then to a Water Treatment Plant near the Collie Power Station, with treated potable water conveyed to Harris Dam and brine conveyed to the existing brine disposal pipeline at Collie Power Station.

Harvey Water engaged Strategen to undertake a flora and vegetation survey and Black Cockatoo habitat assessment for the pipeline corridor. The survey and habitat assessment will build on the Reconnaissance (Level 1) flora, vegetation and fauna survey undertaken for the pipeline corridors in 2017, to provide sufficiently robust data to enable assessment of impacts to threatened flora and fauna and support project approvals.

1.2 Scope

The scope of this flora and vegetation survey and Black Cockatoo habitat assessment was to undertake a desktop study and field assessment within the Survey Area (165.13 ha) (Figure 1).

The objectives were to: • conduct a desktop survey for Threatened and Priority flora which have been identified as being present in or around the Survey Area • collect and identify the species present within the Survey Area • search areas of suitable habitat for Threatened and/or Priority flora • define and map the native vegetation communities present within the Survey Area • map vegetation condition within the Survey Area • provide recommendations on the local and regional significance of the vegetation communities • define and map Black Cockatoo habitat within the Survey Area • prepare a report summarising the findings.

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Figure 1: Survey Area

Scale 1:120,000 at A4 Legend km 0 1.2 2.4 3.6 ¹ Survey area (Pipeline) Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Roads Date: 22/02/2018 Author: vdinh [email protected] www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial Imagery - 22/02/2018.

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2. Context

2.1 Legislative context

This biological survey has been conducted with reference to the following Australian and Western Australian legislation: • Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) – Australian Government • Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act) – State • Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act) – State • Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act) – State.

2.1.1 Conservation significant flora and ecological communities

Conservation significant flora and ecological communities are determined at a state and federal legislative level.

Flora within Western Australia that is considered to be under threat may be classed as either Threatened flora or Priority flora. Where flora has been gazetted as Threatened flora under the WC Act, the taking of such flora without the written consent of the Minister is an offence. The WC Act defines “to take” flora as to gather, pluck, cut, pull up, destroy, dig up, remove or injure the flora or to cause or permit the same to be done by any means. The Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (DBCA) (2017a) contains the current list of Threatened flora in Western Australia.

Priority flora are considered to be species which are potentially under threat, but for which there is insufficient information available concerning their distribution and/or populations to make a proper evaluation of their conservation status. Parks and Wildlife categorises Priority flora according to their conservation priority using five categories, P1 (highest conservation significance) to P5 (lowest conservation significance), to denote the conservation priority status of such species. Priority flora species are regularly reviewed and may have their priority status changed when more information on the species becomes available. Appendix 1 defines levels of Threatened and Priority flora (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-).

At the national level, the EPBC Act lists Threatened species as extinct, extinct in the wild, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, or conservation dependent. Appendix 1 defines each of these categories of Threatened species. The EPBC Act prohibits an action that has or will have a significant impact on a listed Threatened species without approval from the Australian Government Minister for the Environment. The current EPBC Act list of Threatened flora may be found on the DEE (2018d) website.

Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) are listed under both the EPBC Act and EP Act (Appendix 1). Priority Ecological Communities (PECs) are listed by Parks and Wildlife and include species of significant conservation value (Appendix 1).

A TEC is defined under the EP Act as an ecological community listed, designated or declared under a written law or a law of the Australian Government as Threatened, Endangered or Vulnerable. There are four State categories of TECs (DEC 2013): • presumed totally destroyed (PD) • critically endangered (CR) • endangered (EN) • vulnerable (VU).

A description of each of these TEC categories is presented in Appendix 1. TECs are gazetted as such (Parks and Wildlife 2016) and some Western Australian TECs listed by Parks and Wildlife (2016) are also listed as Threatened under the EPBC Act.

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Under the EPBC Act, a person must not undertake an action that has or will have a significant impact on a listed TEC without approval from the Australian Government Minister for the Environment, unless those actions are not prohibited under the EPBC Act. A description of each of these categories of TECs is presented in Appendix 1. The current EPBC Act list of TECs can be located on the DEE (2018e) website.

Ecological communities identified as Threatened, but not listed as TECs, are classified as Priority Ecological Communities (PECs). These communities are under threat, but there is insufficient information available concerning their distribution to make a proper evaluation of their conservation status. Parks and Wildlife categorises PECs according to their conservation priority, using five categories, P1 (highest conservation significance) to P5 (lowest conservation significance), to denote the conservation priority status of such ecological communities. Appendix 1 defines PECs (DEC 2013). DBCA (2017) contains a list of current PECs.

2.1.2 Environmentally Sensitive Areas

Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) are protected under the EP Act, and include the following: • World Heritage areas • areas included on the National Estate Register • defined wetlands and associated buffers • vegetation within 50 m of a listed Threatened species • TECs.

2.1.3 Protection of native vegetation

Native vegetation is defined under the EP Act as “indigenous aquatic or terrestrial vegetation, and includes dead vegetation unless that dead vegetation is of a class declared by regulation to be excluded from this definition but does not include vegetation in a plantation”.

This definition of native vegetation does not include vegetation that was intentionally sown, planted or propagated unless either of the following applies: (a) the vegetation was sown, planted or propagated as required under the EP Act or another written law (b) the vegetation is declared to be native under Regulation 4 of the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004.

Regulation 4 prescribes the kinds of intentionally planted indigenous vegetation that are “native vegetation” and which therefore require a clearing permit or exemption to clear and includes: (a) planting that was funded (fully or partly) i. by a person who was not the owner of the land ii. for the purpose of biodiversity conservation or land conservation (b) intentionally planted vegetation that has one of the following: i. a conservation covenant or agreement to reserve under section 30B of the Soil and Land Conservation Act 1945 ii. a covenant to conserve under section 21A of the National Trust of Australia (WA) Act 1964 iii. restrictive covenant to conserve under section 129B of the Transfer of Land Act 1983 iv. some other form of binding or undertaking to establish and maintain, or maintain, the vegetation.

Native vegetation can only be cleared with a clearing permit, unless for some circumstances where exemptions apply pursuant to the EP Act and the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004 (the Regulations). Clearing permits issued pursuant to the Regulations may be issued as area permits or purpose permits. Exemptions for clearing under Regulation 5 of the Regulations do not apply within ESAs.

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2.1.4 Fauna

Species of fauna are defined as Threatened where their populations are under threat, require protection or are protected under an international agreement. Parks and Wildlife recognises these threats of extinction and consequently applies regulations towards population and species protection.

Threatened fauna species are protected under section 16 of the WC Act. Under the Act, it is an offence to “take, destroy or possess” Threatened fauna without Ministerial approval.

Threatened fauna (Schedule 1) are further ranked by Parks and Wildlife according to their threat using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria that are described as follows: • CR Critically Endangered – considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild • EN Endangered – considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild • VU Vulnerable – considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

Priority fauna not listed as Threatened (Scheduled) under the WC Act, but are poorly known or poorly represented in the conservation estate are regarded as Priority and attention is given to their conservation by Parks and Wildlife.

Threats of extinction of fauna species are also recognised at a Commonwealth level and are categorised according to the EPBC Act, administered by Department of the Environment and Energy (DEE).

Migratory species are MNES under the EPBC Act. Migratory species are defined as animals that migrate to Australia and its external territories, or pass through or over Australian waters during their annual migrations. Recognised migratory species include any native species identified in an international agreement approved by the Minister and those listed under: • Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention) • China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA) • Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA) • Republic of Korea – Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (ROKAMBA).

2.1.5 Introduced species

The BAM Act provides for management and control of listed organisms, including introduced flora species (weeds). Species listed as declared pests under the BAM Act are classified under three categories: • C1 Exclusion: Pests assigned under this category are not established in Western Australia, and control measures are to be taken to prevent them entering and establishing in the State. • C2 Eradication: Pests assigned under this category are present in Western Australia in low enough numbers or in sufficiently limited areas that their eradication is still a possibility. • C3 Management: Pests assigned under this category are established in Western Australia, but it is feasible, or desirable, to manage them in order to limit their damage. Control measures can prevent a C3 pest from increasing in population size or density or moving from an area in which it is established into an area that is currently free of that pest.

Under the BAM Act, land managers are required to manage populations of declared pests as outlined under the relevant category.

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2.2 Environmental setting

2.2.1 Soils and topography

The majority of the Survey Area is located within the Northern (JF1) bioregion, which overlies Archaean granite and metamorphic rocks of an average elevation of 300 m, capped by an extensive lateritic duricrust, dissected by later drainage and broken by occasional granite hills (Williams and Mitchell 2001). The climate is Warm Mediterranean with rainfall from 1300 mm on the scarp to approximately 700 mm in the east and north (Williams and Mitchell 2001).

A small section at the southernmost end of the Survey Area extends into the Southern Jarrah Forest (JF2) bioregion, which lies on a duricrusted plateau of Yilgarn Craton (Hearn et al. 2002). South of Collie the plateau broadens and slopes gently to the south coast. Broadening and levelling of the surface in the east causes poor drainage resulting in numerous wetlands. Ironstone becomes less evident, being buried beneath sands. The climate is also Warm Mediterranean, with rainfall from 1200 mm in the south-west to 500 mm in the east (Hearn et al. 2002).

2.2.2 Climate

The Collie locality experiences a Mediterranean climate characterised by mild, wet winters and warm to hot, dry summers. The nearest Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) weather station at Collie (Station No. 009628) provides average monthly climate statistics for the Collie locality (Figure 2). Average annual rainfall recorded since 1899 is 929.8 mm (BoM 2018). Rainfall may occur at any time of year; however, most occurs in winter in association with cold fronts from the southwest. Highest temperatures occur between December and February, with average monthly maximums ranging from 15.5°C in July to 30.5°C in January (BoM 2018). Lowest temperatures occur between May and August, with average monthly minimums ranging from 4.5 °C in July to 13.2°C in January (BoM 2018).

Figure 2: Mean monthly climatic data (temperature and rainfall) for Collie

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2.2.3 Regional vegetation

Vegetation occurring within the region was initially mapped at a broad scale (1:1 000 000) by Beard during the 1970s. This dataset has formed the basis of several regional mapping systems, including physiographic regions defined by Beard (1981) which led to the delineation of botanical districts as described in Beard (1990); the biogeographical region dataset (Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia, IBRA) for Western Australia (DEE 2017a).

Beard (1990) Botanical Subdistrict

The Survey Area occurs largely within the Dale Botanical Subdistrict, with the southernmost section falling within the Menzies Botanical Subdistrict.

The Dale Botanical Subdistrict is characterised by Jarrah forest on ironstone gravels and Marri-Wandoo woodland on loamy soils, with sclerophyllous understoreys (Beard 1990), while the Menzies Botanical Subdistrict comprises Jarrah forest on duricrusted plateau and loam soils of valleys and Marri-Wandoo woodlands on drier, laterite-free soils (Beard 1990).

Biogeographical Regionalization of Australia

Biogeographical Regionalization of Australia (IBRA 7) describes a system of 89 ‘biogeographic regions’ (bioregions) and 419 subregions covering the entirety of the Australian continent (Thackway & Cresswell 1995). Bioregions are defined based on climate, geology, landforms, vegetation and fauna.

The majority of the Survey Area occurs within the Jarrah Forest 1 IBRA subregion which is characterised by vegetation comprising Jarrah - Marri forest in the west with Bullich and Blackbutt in the valleys grading to Wandoo and Marri woodlands in the east with Powderbark on breakaways. low woodlands occur on sandy soils and heath is found on granite rocks and as a common understorey of forests and woodlands in the north and east. Granite soils and lower slopes in this subregion can host highly diverse suites of species, due to rapid changes in site conditions near granite soils where there are rapid changes in site conditions (Williams and Mitchell 2001).

The southernmost section of the Survey Area falls within the Jarrah Forest 2 IBRA subregion which comprises Jarrah forests in a mosaic with a variety of species-rich shrublands. Vegetation comprises Jarrah - Marri forest in the west transitioning into Marri and Wandoo woodlands in the east. The subregion contains extensive areas of swamp vegetation dominated by Paperbarks and Swamp Yate in the southeast. Forest and woodland understorey composition reflects the higher moisture in this subregion. As in the Jarrah Forest 1 subregion, lower slopes and granite soils provide conditions for higher species diversity (Hearn et al. 2002).

Regional vegetation mapping

As part of the Regional Forest Agreement, Mattiske and Havel (1998) mapped vegetation complexes of the forest regions of south west WA at a scale of 1:50,000. Mattiske and Havel (1998) mapping indicates that six vegetation complexes are present within the Survey Area: • CF (Cardiff): Open woodland of Allocasuarina fraseriana-Banksia spp. – occidentale- floribunda on sandy soils on valley slopes in the subhumid zone • CI: Open forest of Eucalypt marginata subsp. marginata--Allocasuarina fraseriana on gravelly sandy upland soils in the subhumid zone • MJ (Muja): Open woodland of Melaleuca preissiana-- with some Eucalyptus patens on moister sites, Banksia spp. On drier sites of valley floors in the subhumid zone • Yg1 (Yarragil 1): Open forest of subsp. marginata-Corymbia calophylla on slopes with mixtures of Eucalyptus patens and Eucalyptus megacarpa on the valley floors in humid and subhumid zone • D1 (Dwellingup 1): Open forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata-Corymbia calophylla on lateritic uplands in mainly humid and subhumid zones

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• MY1 (Murray 1): Open forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata-Corymbia calophylla- Eucalyptus patens on valley slopes to a fringing woodland of Eucalyptus rudis –Melaleuca rhaphiophylla on the valley floors in the subhumid zone.

At a finer scale, the Survey Area falls within the following vegetation system associations as defined in Government of Western Australia (2017a, 2017b): • vegetation association 3: Medium forest; Jarrah-Marri • vegetation association 1114: Shrublands tree-heath; Paperbark over Teatree thickets

2.2.4 Background Ecological Information for Black Cockatoos

All three species of Black Cockatoo (Carnaby’s Cockatoo, Baudin’s Cockatoo and FRTBC) could potentially occur in the Survey Area. The distribution of all three species can be seen in the 2017 DEE distribution maps in Appendix 2.

Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo

Carnaby’s Cockatoo is endemic to south-west WA, and is distributed from the Murchison River to Esperance and inland to Coorow, Kellerberrin and Lake Cronin (Cale 2003). The species was once common, but the population has declined significantly in the last half century, and is now locally extinct in some areas (Johnstone & Storr 1998; Shah 2006). In the last 45 years (prior to Cale 2003) the species has suffered a 50% reduction in its abundance (Cale 2003). More recent information suggests this decline has continued. This reduction is due to the clearing of core breeding habitat in the wheatbelt, the deterioration of nesting hollows, and clearing of food resources on the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP) (Cale 2003). The total population of Carnaby’s Cockatoo was estimated to be 40,000 in 2008 (Johnstone & Kirkby 2008). Since then, trend analyses of the seven Great Cocky Counts 2010 – 2016 identified strong indications that the population of Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo inhabiting the Perth-Peel Coastal Plain continues to decline.

Carnaby’s Cockatoos feed on seeds, nuts and flowers of a variety of native and exotic . Food plants include a variety of Eucalyptus species, such as Marri (Corymbia calophylla), Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata), Swan River Blackbutt (Eucalyptus patens), Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus todtiana), Caesia (Eucalyptus caesia) and Salmon Gum (Eucalyptus salmonophloia), as well as Pine trees (Pinus sp.), , Allocasuarina, and species (Shah 2006). Marri nuts that are damaged extensively, especially on the main body of the nut, are likely to have been chewed by Carnaby’s Cockatoo. The 'levering' of Marri nuts by Carnaby's Cockatoos tends to leave different marks on the fruit casings, particularly in the location of indentations by the lower mandible and in the amount of damage caused to the rim of the fruit casing. Carnaby's Cockatoos also generally feed on green Marri nuts that are soft enough for their beaks to manipulate. The seeds from a variety of Banksia species and the cones of Pine trees provide the highest energetic yield (Cooper et al. 2002).

Breeding has been recorded from early July to mid-December, and primarily occurs in the wheatbelt in the semi-arid and subhumid interior (Johnstone & Storr 1998). However, this species is currently expanding its breeding range westward and south into the Jarrah-Marri forests of the Darling Scarp (e.g. Wungong Dam Catchment) and into the Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) forests of the SCP including Yanchep, Baldivis, Lake Clifton and near Bunbury (Johnstone & Kirkby 2011).

Carnaby’s Cockatoo display strong pair bonds and mate for life. They nest in hollows of smooth-barked eucalypts particularly Salmon Gum and Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo) but nests have also been found in other Eucalypt species including York Gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba), Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus rudis), the rough-barked Marri and Tuart (Johnstone & Kirkby 2011). In most nests in Tuart, eggs are laid on a mat of wood chips at the bottom of a large hollow (mostly top entry hollows) ranging from a few cm’s to five m deep (Johnstone & Kirkby 2011). Clutch size is 1–2 eggs, more typically two; only one young is reared (Saunders 1986). Incubation lasts for 29 days and only the female incubates and broods. The nestling is brooded by the female during which time both rely on food from the male. Once brooding is complete, the female then the nest each day at dawn, sometimes returning mid-morning (with the male) to feed the chick (Johnstone & Kirkby 2011). After approximately three weeks she ceases to brood and the chick is fed by one or both parents in the morning and in the late evening (Johnstone & Kirkby 2011).

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Approximately 87% (525,732 ha) of potential Carnaby’s Cockatoo habitat (i.e. areas of vegetation that contain flora species and vegetation types that could support the species’ breeding, feeding and night roosting activities) has been cleared in the wheatbelt since European settlement (DEC 2012). The south- west region is now a severely fragmented landscape and the further loss of foraging habitat, the lack of suitable breeding sites, climate change, alterations in the landscape, changing forest structure with almost every part of the Jarrah-Marri forest logged in the past and with most trees too young to form hollows, and competition with exotic species, exacerbate the future conservation of Carnaby’s Cockatoo (Johnstone & Kirkby 2011).

Baudin’s Black Cockatoo

This species is distributed through the south-western humid and subhumid zones, from the northern Darling Range and adjacent far east of the SCP (south of the Swan River), south to Bunbury and across to Albany (Johnstone & Kirkby 2011). Baudin’s Cockatoo rarely occurs near the coast north of Mandurah, and rarely occurs north of the Swan River (Johnstone & Kirkby 2008, Johnstone & Storr 1998). Baudin’s Cockatoo usually occur in small flocks of up to 30, or occasionally up to 50 and rarely in aggregations of up to 1200 (Johnstone & Kirkby 2008). Baudin’s Cockatoo is distinguished from Carnaby’s Cockatoo by its longer bill and slightly different call.

This species forages primarily in Eucalypt forest, where it feeds on Marri seeds, flowers, nectar and buds. They also feed on a wide range of seeds of Eucalyptus, Banksia, Hakea and Pines (Pinus sp.) as well as fruiting apples and pears and beetle larvae from under the bark of trees (Johnstone & Kirkby 2008, Johnstone & Storr 1998). Baudin’s Cockatoo forages at all levels of the forest, from the canopy to the ground, often feeding in the understorey on proteaceous trees and , especially Banksia, and in orchards both in trees and on dropped or fallen fruit on the ground.

The breeding biology of this species is poorly known. It has been recorded breeding in deep south-west, north to the Whicher Range and Lowden and also isolated records at Wungong Catchment, Serpentine (hills area) and east to Kojonup and near Albany (Johnstone & Kirkby 2008). They nest in large, mostly vertical, hollows of Karri (E. diversicolor), Marri, Wandoo, and Bullich (E. megacarpa). Baudin’s Cockatoos display strong pair bonds are monogamous and most likely mate for life (Johnstone & Kirkby 2008). The pair remains together all year round except when the female is incubating and brooding. Both adults play a part in selecting the nest hollow, but only the female is responsible for renovation and preparing the hollow for breeding. Preparation of the hollow consists of chewing around the entrance of the hollow and down one part of the interior wall. Pairs have also been recorded prospecting for hollows in most months and outside the breeding range (Johnstone & Kirkby 2008).

Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo

The FRTBC is distributed through the humid and subhumid south-west of WA from Gingin through the Darling Ranges to the south-west from Bunbury to Albany (primarily in the hilly interior) (Johnstone & Storr 1998, Johnstone et al. 2013a). In these areas, the FRTBC inhabits dense Jarrah, Karri, and Marri forests that receive more than 600 mm average annual rainfall (Johnstone & Storr 1998). However, in recent years the FRTBC has moved on to the SCP to forage in the Perth metropolitan area (Johnstone & Kirkby 2011). The FRTBC occurs in pairs or small flocks, or occasionally large flocks of up to 200 birds (Johnstone & Storr 1998).

The FRTBC feeds primarily on Marri and Jarrah fruit, but also Tuart and to a lesser extent on Blackbutt, Albany Blackbutt (E. staeri), Karri, Sheoak (Allocasuarina fraseriana) and Snottygobble ( longifolia) (Johnstone et al. 2013b). The FRTBC can obtain energy faster when feeding on Marri and Jarrah than other food sources (Cooper et al. 2002), and these two-plant species make up the majority of their diet (Johnstone et al. 2013b).

FRTBC shear the base of Marri nuts at a 45º angle to remove seeds (the 'bottom slice' method), while Baudin's Cockatoos use their elongated upper mandible to pry seeds out, leaving the nut intact (the 'lever') (Johnstone & Kirkby 1999, Cooper et al. 2002). Carnaby's Cockatoos may use either technique to feed on Marri nuts, but generally with some modification, e.g. the 'slicing' of fruits may occur along the side of the fruit casing.

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The FRTBC is monogamous and pairs nest in tree hollows from 6.5 – 33 m above ground and most nests are in large and old mature Marri, and these trees are the most important nesting tree throughout the FRTBC range (Johnstone et al. 2013a). Nest trees of the FRTBC have a mean circumference at breast height of 2.79 m, a mean estimated age of 222 years and a mean overall height of 20.24 m (Johnstone et al. 2013a).

Breeding has been recorded in all months, with peaks in April-June and August-October. Only one egg is laid, which the female incubates for 29 to 31 days, before a nestling hatches and weighs between 27 and 32 g. The female remains in the hollow during incubation and only leaves for a short period in the evening to be fed by the male, usually at dusk (Johnstone et al. 2013b). Brooding is for up to 10 days, after which the female leaves the nest between dawn and dusk. Pairs of birds appear to recognise each other by calls, not responding to calls by others in the area. Chicks only respond when the parent is heard and are fully feathered at 48 days (Johnstone et al. 2013b).

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CI G D4 COLLIE D4 CI ! CI My2

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Y5 CF Yg1 Yg2 Pn Y5 D1

CI Y5 Pn Yg2 CI HR S Yg1 D1 Yg1 D4 D4 GR S Yg1 WG WG

420000 435000

Figure 3: Regional vegetation mapping

Scale 1:150,000 at A4 Legend

km Survey area (Pipeline) D2 MJ WG 0 1.5 3 4.5 ¹ Vegetation complexes (Heddle) D4 My1 Y5 Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas CF G My2 Yg1 Date: 22/02/2018 CI GR Pn Yg2 Author: JCrute [email protected] www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010. D1 HR S

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3. Methods

3.1 Flora and vegetation

3.1.1 Desktop assessment

A desktop assessment was conducted using FloraBase, Parks and Wildlife, and Department of the Environment and Energy (DEE) databases to identify the possible occurrence of TECs, PECs and Threatened and Priority flora potentially occurring within the Survey Area. Reports that document regional flora, vegetation and fauna within the surrounds of the Survey Area were also reviewed prior to the field assessment.

A database search request was also submitted to the Threatened Communities Branch of Parks and Wildlife to identify any potential TECs or PECs within or in proximity to the Survey Area.

3.1.2 Field assessment

The field survey was conducted according to standards set out in the Technical Guidance – Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment (EPA 2016). The assessment of flora and vegetation within the Survey Area was undertaken by a Senior Ecologist from Strategen on 25 – 27 October 2017. Table 1 identifies staff involved in the field surveys, their role and qualifications.

Table 1: Personnel Name Role Flora collection permit Tristan Sleigh Fieldwork preparation, fieldwork, SL012160 Senior Ecologist plant identification

The Survey Area was traversed on foot to record changes in vegetation structure and type. A total of 22 vegetation quadrats and three opportunistic sites were surveyed to identify vegetation types. Site selection for vegetation mapping was determined from aerial photographs and based on differences in structure and species composition of the communities present within the Survey Area.

Flora and vegetation was described and sampled systematically at each quadrat and additional opportunistic collecting was undertaken wherever previously unrecorded plants were observed. At each site the following floristic and environmental parameters were noted: • GPS location • topography • soil type and colour • outcropping rocks and their type • percentage cover and average height of each vegetation stratum.

For each vascular plant species, the average height, number of plants and percent cover were recorded.

All plant specimens collected during the field surveys were identified using appropriate reference material or through comparisons with pressed specimens housed at the Western Australian Herbarium where necessary. Nomenclature of the species recorded is in accordance with Western Australian Herbarium (1998-).

3.1.3 Data analysis and vegetation mapping

Quadrat data were grouped into a species by site matrix to delineate individual vegetation types (VTs) present within the Survey Area. Aerial photography interpretation and field notes taken during the survey were then used to develop VT mapping polygon boundaries over the Survey Area. These polygon boundaries were then digitised using Geographic Information System (GIS) software.

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VT descriptions (though floristic in origin) have been adapted from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual Version 6.0 (ESCAVI 2003), a system of describing structural vegetation units (based on dominant taxa). This model follows nationally-agreed guidelines to describe and represent vegetation types, so that comparable and consistent data is produced nation-wide. For the purposes of this report, a VT is considered equivalent to a NVIS sub-association as described in ESCAVI (2003).

Vegetation condition was recorded at all quadrats, and also opportunistically within the Survey Area during the field assessment where required. Vegetation condition was described using the vegetation condition scale for the South West Botanical Province (Keighery 1994). Vegetation condition polygon boundaries were developed using this information in conjunction with aerial photography interpretation, and were digitised as for vegetation type mapping polygon boundaries.

An averaged randomised Species Accumulation Curve, based on accumulated species compared against sites surveyed was used to provide an indication as to the level of adequacy of the survey effort. As the number of survey sites, and correspondingly the size of the area surveyed increases, there should be a diminishing number of new species recorded. At some point, the number of new species recorded becomes essentially asymptotic. As the number of new species being recorded for survey effort expended approaches this asymptotic value, the survey effort can be considered to be adequate.

3.1.4 Survey limitations and constraints

Table 2 displays the evaluation of the flora and vegetation assessment against a range of potential limitations that may influence the assessment. Based on this evaluation, the assessment was subject to minor constraints that are unlikely to affect the thoroughness of the assessment and the conclusions reached.

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Table 2: Flora and vegetation survey potential limitations and constraints Impact on Potential limitation Comment assessment Sources of information and Not a constraint. The survey has been undertaken in the Northern and availability of contextual information Southern Jarrah Forest regions which have been well (i.e. pre-existing background versus studied and documented with ample literature new material). available (Beard 1990). Scope (i.e. what life forms, etc., were Not a constraint. Due to the uniform distribution of vegetation within the sampled). Survey Area and timing of the survey (i.e. spring); most life forms are likely to have been sampled adequately during the time of the survey. Proportion of flora/fauna collected Not a constraint. The proportion of flora surveyed was adequate. The and identified (based on sampling, entire Survey Area was traversed and flora species timing and intensity). were recorded systematically. Completeness and further work which Not a constraint The information collected during the survey was might be needed (i.e. was the sufficient to assess the vegetation that was present relevant Survey Area fully surveyed). during the time of the survey. Mapping reliability. Not a constraint. Aerial photography of a suitable scale was used to map the Survey Area and identify potential fauna habitat. Sites were chosen from these aerials to reflect changes in community structure. Opportunistic sites were also used if differences were observed during on ground reconnaissance. Vegetation types were assigned to each site based on topography, soil type and presence/absence and percent foliage cover of vegetation. Timing, weather, season, cycle. Not a constraint. Flora and vegetation surveys are normally conducted following winter rainfall in the South-West Province, ideally during spring (EPA 2004). The field assessment was conducted in October (i.e. spring) in fine weather conditions and therefore these factors are not deemed to be constraints. Disturbances (fire flood, accidental Minor constraint. The Survey Area and regional surrounds have been human intervention, etc.). subject to disturbance over a significant period of time. Given the wide range of this disturbance, this is not considered to be a limitation within the Survey Area. One section of vegetation was subject to a recent controlled burn. While this prevented a complete survey in this area, extrapolation of vegetation mapping and previous mapping enabled sufficient coverage. Intensity (in retrospect, was the Not a constraint. The Survey Area was traversed on foot and all intensity adequate). differences in vegetation structure were recorded appropriately. Resources (i.e. were there adequate Not a constraint. The available resources were adequate to complete resources to complete the survey to the survey. the required standard). Access problems (i.e. ability to Not a constraint. Existing tracks enabled adequate access to survey the access Survey Area). vegetation and fauna within the Survey Area. Where access was not available by car, the area was traversed by foot. Minor access restrictions were encountered during the survey however these areas were primarily cleared and devoid of native vegetation. Experience levels (e.g. degree of Not a constraint. All survey personnel have the appropriate training in expertise in species identification to sampling and identifying the flora of the region. taxon level).

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3.2 Black cockatoo habitat assessment

The Black Cockatoo habitat assessment was undertaken from 25 – 27 October 2017 by one Strategen Zoologist with relevant experience as specified by the EPBC Act referral guidelines for three threatened Black Cockatoo species (DSEWPaC 2012).

The habitat assessment involved traversing the Survey Area by foot. Any trees meeting the following criteria for potential breeding and foraging habitat were recorded, marked and electronically logged using a hand held Global Positioning System (GPS) unit: • native trees (e.g. Jarrah, Tuart, Marri) • diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 500 mm (≥ 300 mm for Wandoo and Salmon Gum) • suitable sized nest hollow i.e. large enough entrance and adequate depth • evidence of feeding (chewed cones, seed and nut material) • opportunistic observations of Black Cockatoos in the Survey Area

Surveying for Black Cockatoo foraging and roosting habitat will also be carried out in any vegetation containing proteaceous heath/woodland, eucalypt woodlands or forest (particularly Marri and Jarrah forest), as well as in any areas dominated by Pines (Pinus spp.).

The Black Cockatoo habitat assessment considered the EPBC Act referral guidelines for three threatened Black Cockatoo species where practical and relevant (DSEWPaC 2012).

Please note that access to one short section of the proposed pipeline route near the Collie Power Station was not possible during the assessment. Consequently, it was not possible to measure trees for their potential to be used for nesting.

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4. Results

4.1 Flora and vegetation

4.1.1 Desktop assessment results

A total of 455 native vascular plant taxa from 71 plant families have the potential to occur within the Survey Area (Parks and Wildlife 2007-; DEE 2017c). The majority of taxa were from within the (61 taxa), Orchidaceae (40 taxa) and (32 taxa) families.

Threatened and Priority flora

The desktop assessment identified seven Threatened flora and 23 Priority flora species that have been recorded in the regional area (Table 3; Appendix 2). Of these, based on specific habitat requirements, six Threatened flora species and 22 Priority flora species were considered to have the potential to occur within the Survey Area.

Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

No TEC/s and no PEC/s were identified within 20 km of the Survey Area.

Wetlands

No mapped wetlands occur within the Survey Area. The Survey Area crosses a number of watercourses, the most significant of which is the Collie River. These water courses support a range of Dampland vegetation.

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Table 3: Threatened and Priority flora potentially occurring within the Survey Area Conservation status Species Description Potential to occur WC Act EPBC Act Acacia semitrullata P4 A slender, erect, pungent , (0.1-) 0.2 m to 0.7(-1.5) m tall. Possible due to presence of preferred Flowers are cream-white, occurring from May to October. Habitat habitat. for this species occurs on white/grey sand, sometimes over laterite and clay, within sandplains and swampy areas (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). cygnorum subsp. chamaephyton P3 Prostrate, mat-forming, non-lignotuberous shrub, to 0.3 m high, Possible due to presence of preferred flowering white-cream-pink-green / green in July or September to habitat. December / January. Occurs on grey sand and lateritic gravel (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Banksia sp. Boyup Brook (L.W. Sage LWS P1 No habitat information available. Possible. Due to lack of information about 2366) this species’ habitat, it should be considered to potentially occur within the Survey Area. Caladenia bryceana subsp. bryceana T Endangered Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.05-0.1 m high, flowering green- Possible due to presence of preferred yellow between August and October. Occurs on sand and loam habitat. soils adjacent to watercourses and in winter-wet sites (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Species grows in open woodland of Wandoo, Yate, Flooded Gum or Sheoak with a sparse associate of low shrubs, sedges and herbs, including Allocasuarina huegeliana, Eucalyptus occidentalis, E. wandoo, Acacia dictyoneura, , Boronia scabra, Neurachne alopecuroidea, Lagenophora huegellii, Caladenia flava and Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia (DEC 2009a). Caladenia lodgeana T Critically Tuberous, perennial, herb flowering white in October. Occurs on Possible due to presence of preferred Endangered black loam (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). habitat. Collie populations of this species occur in seasonally moist podzolic sand amongst laterite on the margins of ephemeral wetlands, in open Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah), Corymbia calophylla (marri) and Allocasuarina fraseriana (western she-oak) forest over dwarf scrub of ornata, (honeypot dryandra), Lechenaultia biloba (blue leschenaultia) and open low sedges (DSEWPaC 2013). Calothamnus graniticus subsp. leptophyllus P4 Erect, multi-stemmed shrub, 1-2 m high, flowering red between Possible due to presence of preferred June and August. Occurs on clay over granite, lateritic soils on habitat. hillsides (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Commersonia erythrogyna T Endangered Small shrub up to 1.5 metres tall, flowering creamy white between Unlikely due to extremely restricted August and October. Known only from a single wild population of distribution. two plants, found in an area of less than 2 km2 on private property in remnant woodland surrounded by farmland (TSSC 2016a).

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Conservation status Species Description Potential to occur WC Act EPBC Act Diuris micrantha T Vulnerable A tuberous, terrestrial herb which has a diminutive red and yellow Possible due to presence of preferred flower, 1.2–2.5 cm long, on a stem that grows to 30 cm. habitat. Flowering occurs form September to October. Its heart-shaped , about 1.5 cm long, is silvery grey with prominent green veins. Habitat for this species occurs within cleared firebreaks or open sandy patches that have been disturbed, where competition from other plants has been removed (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-, DEE 2018b). Drakaea confluens T Endangered Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.15-0.3 m high, flowering red, brown Possible due to presence of preferred and yellow between October and November. Occurs on white- habitat. grey sand (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Known populations occur in a range of habitats including sandy sites associated with Kunzea glabrescens (spearwood), Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah), and (slender banksia), to sites with a jarrah and slender banksia overstorey with an understorey comprising a low shrubland of Dasypogon bromeliifolius (pineapple bush) and latifolia (blueboy) (TSSC 2016b). Drosera occidentalis subsp. occidentalis P4 Fibrous-rooted, rosetted perennial, herb, to 0.01 m high, flowering Possible due to presence of preferred pink / white between November and December. Occurs on sandy habitat. & clayey soils in swamps & wet depressions (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Eleocharis keigheryi T Vulnerable A rhizomatous, tufted/clumped perennial herb, reaching a Possible due to presence of preferred maximum diameter of 40 cm. It has erect, smooth, green stems habitat. that are 20–40 cm tall and hollow, supporting cross bars that are 2 mm in diameter. This species grows in small clumps in a substrate of clay or sandy loam. This species is emergent in freshwater creeks, and transient waterbodies such as drainage lines and claypans in water to approximately 15 cm deep. Fringing woodland species and associated species include Swamp Sheoak (Casuarina obesa), Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus rudis), Red Robin Bush (Melaleuca lateritia), Swamp Paperbark (M. rhaphiophylla), Common Spike-sedge (Eleocharis acuta), Aponogeton hexatepalus, Veined Swamp Wallaby Grass (Amphibromus nervosus) and herbs such as Wurmbea, Tribonanthes and Leptocarpus spp. (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-, DEE 2018d). Eucalyptus rudis subsp. cratyantha P4 Tree, 5-20 m high, bark rough, box-type, flowering white between Possible due to presence of preferred July and September. Occurs on loam on flats and hillsides habitat. (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Grevillea prominens P3 Spreading shrub, 0.5-1.7 m high, 0.3-1 m wide flowering cream- Possible due to presence of preferred white between September and October. Occurs on gravelly loam habitat. soils along creeklines (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-).

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Conservation status Species Description Potential to occur WC Act EPBC Act Grevillea rara T Endangered Dense, prickly shrub, to 2 m high, flowering white-pink / white in Possible due to presence of preferred October (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Known from a habitat. range of around 4 km in an area north of Collie, the species grows in Jarrah forest in lateritic clay / loam soil along creek lines. It is found growing with Eucalyptus marginata, Corymbia calophylla, , Hakea lasiantha, , and A. drummondii (DEC 2009b). P4 Spreading, much-branched, non-lignotuberous shrub, 0.6-2(-3) m Possible due to presence of preferred high, to 4 m wide, flowering red / red-orange between January habitat. and March / April, or November to December. Occurs on sandy clay, clay or gravelly loam, in swampy flats, granite outcrops, and along watercourses (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Hemigenia rigida P1 Upright or spreading shrub, 0.1-0.6(-1) m high, flowering blue- Possible due to presence of preferred purple / violet between August and December / January. Occurs habitat. on sandy soils, lateritic gravelly soils on hillslopes, granite outcrops, flats and ironstone ridges (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Hypolaena robusta P4 Dioecious rhizomatous, perennial, herb, ca 0.5 m high, flowering Unlikely due to absence of preferred habitat. September to October. Occurs on white sand, on sandplains (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Juncus meianthus P3 Tufted perennial, herb, 0.05-0.2 m high, to 0.4 m wide, flowering Possible due to presence of preferred brown between November and December / January. Occurs on habitat. black sand and sandy clay, along creeks and in seepage areas (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Leucopogon extremus P2 Low spreading shrub up to 40 cm high, flowering pale green-white Possible due to presence of preferred between July and December. Currently known only from the habitat. Collie area. Occurs in low-lying, seasonally wet sites on sandy loam or sandy clay substrates. Associated vegetation is heath or shrubland usually dominated by Callitris pyramidalis, Kunzea micrantha, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Melaleuca spp. and with restiads prominent in the understorey (Hislop et al. 2012). Logania sylvicola P2 Erect to spreading compact multi-branched shrub 50 cm high Possible due to presence of preferred flowering white between August and September. Occurs in habitat. woodland to open forest vegetation on the mid-slope of laterite rises associated with brown clay to clayey sand (Cranfield et al. 2010). Lomandra whicherensis P3 No information available. Possible. Due to lack of information about this species’ habitat, it should be considered to potentially occur within the Survey Area. Pultenaea skinneri (Skinner's Pea) P4 A slender shrub 1-2 m tall. Flowers are yellow/orange and red, Possible due to presence of preferred occurring from July to September. Habitat for this species habitat. includes sandy or clayey soils within winter-wet depressions (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-).

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Conservation status Species Description Potential to occur WC Act EPBC Act Schoenus natans P4 An aquatic sedge to 30 cm tall. Flowers are brown and visible in Possible due to presence of preferred October. Habitat for this species occurs in winter-wet depressions habitat. (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Senecio leucoglossus P4 Erect annual herb to 1.3 m tall. Flowers are white and visible from Possible due to presence of preferred August to December. Habitat for this species is gravelly lateritic habitat. or granitic soil substrates over granite outcrops on slopes (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Sphaerolobium benetectum P2 Slender, caespitose shrub, 0.2-1 m high, to 0.45 m wide, flowering Possible due to presence of preferred pink, red or yellow between October and November. Occurs on habitat. white gravelly sandy clay, sandy loam, granite and laterite, on ridges, swamps and undulating rises (Western Australian Herbarium 1998-). Stylidium acuminatum subsp. acuminatum P2 Perennial herb to 45 cm high, flowering white in late October and Possible due to presence of preferred November. Known only from the central Jarrah Forest region habitat. west of Collie where it grows in lateritic soils on hillslopes and in valleys, in Eucalyptus marginata and/or Corymbia calophylla forest (Wege 2010). decumbens P3 Decumbent shrub flowering yellow between September and Possible due to presence of preferred October. Occurs on sand over laterite (Western Australian habitat. Herbarium 1998-). P3 Prostrate or decumbent shrub to 0.6 m high, flowering yellow in Possible due to presence of preferred July to November. Occurs on sandy soils on rises (Western habitat. Australian Herbarium 1998-). Tetratheca parvifolia P3 Small shrub to 0.3 m high, flowering yellow in October (Western Possible. Due to lack of information about Australian Herbarium 1998-). this species’ habitat, it should be considered to potentially occur within the Survey Area. Thysanotus unicupensis P3 Perenial herb approximately 30 cm high, flowering purple between Possible due to presence of preferred October and December. Known from Unicup Nature Reserve to habitat. the Mulallyup and Boyup Brook areas, southwest Western Australia. Grows on dry lateritic and grey sandy soils in moderately sunny places within jarrah-marri forests (Sirisena et al. 2009).

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4.1.2 Field survey results

Native flora

A total of 106 native vascular plant taxa from 72 plant genera and 37 families were recorded from quadrats within the Survey Area. The majority of taxa were recorded within the Fabaceae (15 taxa) and (14 taxa) families (Appendix 4). The relatively low number of plant genera recorded reflects the disturbed nature of the Survey Area.

Threatened and Priority flora

One Threatened flora species (Grevillea rara) as listed under section 178 of the EPBC Act and pursuant to Schedule 1 of the WC Act and listed by Parks and Wildlife (2015) was recorded within the Survey Area. No Priority flora species as listed by Western Australian Herbarium (1998-) were recorded within the Survey Area. Table 4 and Figure 4 display recorded locations of Grevillea rara within the Survey Area. In total, 232 individuals were recorded within the Survey Area.

Table 4: Locations of Threatened and Priority flora species recorded within the Survey Area Conservation status GPS location (GDA 94) Number of Species EPBC Act WC Act Easting Northing individuals Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420114 6319369 10 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420114 6319365 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420132 6319356 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420153 6319327 6 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420351 6319117 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420349 6319118 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420350 6319123 3 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420349 6319134 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420339 6319128 4 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420333 6319129 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420324 6319141 6 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420325 6319145 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420324 6319146 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420321 6319149 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420310 6319159 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 419999 6319498 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 419994 6319501 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 419997 6319493 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 419997 6319494 8 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420010 6319478 9 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420013 6319475 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420018 6319472 4 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420017 6319471 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420025 6319467 4 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420029 6319469 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420031 6319474 4 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420029 6319476 3 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420030 6319460 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420038 6319466 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420042 6319465 3 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420042 6319463 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420043 6319459 5

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Conservation status GPS location (GDA 94) Number of Species EPBC Act WC Act Easting Northing individuals Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420045 6319459 6 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420051 6319455 4 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420052 6319454 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420054 6319451 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420059 6319449 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420062 6319445 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420062 6319443 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420058 6319435 1 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420061 6319431 3 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420067 6319432 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420073 6319435 8 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420076 6319426 7 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420075 6319423 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420076 6319416 6 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420079 6319412 7 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420081 6319409 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420085 6319404 2 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420094 6319404 3 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420098 6319402 8 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420105 6319397 8 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420099 6319387 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420101 6319387 6 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420109 6319391 4 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420114 6319387 4 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420118 6319384 5 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420122 6319379 6 Grevillea rara Endangered Endangered 420118 6319375 3

Introduced (exotic) taxa

A total of seven introduced (exotic) taxa were recorded within the Survey Area (Appendix 4): • *Aira caryophyllea • *Avena barbata • *Briza maxima • *Briza minor • *Hypochaeris glabra • *Lotus subbiflorus • *Ursinia anthemoides

None of these species are Declared Plant species in Western Australia pursuant to section 22 of the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act) according to the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food (DPIRD 2017).

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Harris River Rd Unknown Rd Norm Rd

Mornington Rd 6318000 6318000 Glen Rd

Yourdamung Rd

Collie Williams Rd

McAvoy Rd Roney Rd Roney

Daly Dr Hodd Rd Railway Pde ALLANSON Hull Rd Booth St

Pollard Rd Palmer Rd (F) Patstone Rd Coalfields Rd Ogden St Foster St Barnes Rd Davis St Shotts River Rd North Throssell St Irwin St Coalfields Rd Don Rd Preston Rd

Shaws Rd Collie River Scenic Dr Shotts Rd Wyvern Rd

Drysdale Rd Centaur Rd Bradbury Rd

Gardiner Rd Mungalup Rd Betty Rd Shannon St

Piavanini Rd

Powerhouse Rd Rd Hebbs Ealing Rd Cherry St Sloan Wy Collie Preston Rd 6300000 6300000

Hoddell Rd Rd No 14155

414000 432000

Figure 4: Threatened and Priority Flora records within 5km of Survey Area

Scale 1:180,000 at A4 Legend

km Threatened & Priority Flora *# Priority 3 - Poorly Known Taxa 0 1.8 3.6 5.4 ¹ *# (T) Threatened Rare Flora - Extant Taxa Priority 4 - Rare, Near Threatened and Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 *# other species in need of monitoring Note that positional errors may occur in some areas *# Priority 1 - Poorly Known Taxa Date: 22/02/2018 5km buffer Author: JCrute *# Priority 2 - Poorly Known Taxa [email protected] Survey area (Pipeline) www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Accumulated species – sites surveyed (species-area curve)

The species-area curve (Figure 5), based on a species accumulation analysis was used to evaluate the adequacy of sampling (Colwell 2013). The asymptotic value was determined using Michaelis-Menten modelling. Using this analysis, the incidence based coverage estimator of species richness (ICE) was calculated to be 150 (Chao 2005). Based on this value, and the total of 103 native species recorded during the survey, approximately 69% of the flora species potentially present within the Survey Area were recorded. While this represents a reduced number of native flora species recorded, the degraded nature of much of the Survey Area limited the native species richness of the vegetation. Given this, coverage of the Survey Area is considered to be sufficient.

Figure 5: Averaged randomised Species Accumulation Curve

Vegetation types

Four native vegetation types (VTs) were defined and mapped within the Survey Area (Appendix 3; Figure 6) and are summarised in Table 5. Areas containing vegetation in parkland cleared or highly degraded state have not been counted as unique native VTs but have been included in Table 5 for area calculation purposes. Total areas occupied within the Survey Area by each of the identified VTs are set out in Table 6. Vegetation type mapping was extrapolated to an additional buffer providing context to the vegetation recorded within the Survey Area, consistent with EPA Guidance for vegetation surveys.

Table 5: Vegetation Types Vegetation Type Description VT1 Occasional Banksia grandis, , and Kunzea glabrescens over medium shrubland of a range of species including Hakea prostrata, Acacia pulchella, Taxandria linearifolia, Billardiera fusiformis, Bossiaea linophylla, Xanthorrhoea preissii, Macrozamia riedlei and Pteridium esculentum over low shrubs of Hypocalymma angustifolium, Hibbertia spp., Bossiaea ornata, Tetraria capillaris, Phyllanthus calycinus and Desmocladus fascicularis. VT2 Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata and scattered Corymbia calophylla over very open woodland of Persoonia longifolia ± Allocasuarina fraseriana over open heathland of Hibbertia hypericoides, Bossiaea obovatus, H. commutata, Babingtonia camphorosmae and Xanthorrhoea preissii over Tetraria sp. Jarrah Forest and Desmocladus fasciculatus sedgeland over mixed herbs. VT3 Eucalyptus rudis woodland with occasional patches Melaleuca preissiana over Pericalymma elliptica, scoparia and Acacia extensa open mixed shrubland over Phlebocarya ciliata, Mesomelaena tetragona, Hypocalymma angustifolium and Hibbertia vaginata low shrubland/sedgeland.

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Vegetation Type Description VT4 Melaleuca preissiana open woodland over Acacia pulchella, Hypocalymma angustifolia, Astartea scoparia, Melaleuca pauciflora and Jacksonia furcellata shrubland over Patersonia occidentalis, Leptocarpus ?laxus and Lepidosperma sp. sparse heathland. Mine site Rehabilitated mine waste dumps – these were not surveys for vegetation and were mapped via rehabilitation aerial photographic interpretation Parkland cleared Overstorey comprising Eucalyptus marginata or Corymbia calophylla over introduced pasture grasses. Plantation Non-native eucalypt plantation Cleared Cleared areas including roads, tracks and pasture comprising non-native vegetation

Vegetation type coverage

The total area mapped within the Survey Area was 165.13 ha which includes parkland cleared and fully cleared areas (73.6%) (Table 6). The dominant native VT within the Survey Area was VT 2 which can be broadly described as an open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata and scattered Corymbia calophylla.

Table 6: Area (ha) covered by each VT within the Survey Area VT Area (ha) Percentage of the Survey area VT1 0.71 0.43 VT2 24.02 14.55 VT3 9.03 5.47 VT4 3.57 2.16 Mine site rehabilitation 2.43 1.47 Parkland cleared 0.66 0.40 Plantation 3.82 2.31 Cleared 120.89 73.21 TOTAL 165.13 100

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Cleared m 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT1 [email protected] Author: vd VT2 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Cleared m 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT1 [email protected] Author: vd VT2 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Plantation m Cleared 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd VT3 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Plantation m Cleared 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd VT3 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Cleared m 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd VT4 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Cleared m 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd VT4 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 6: Vegetation types Mapsheet 7 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) m 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd Cleared www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 6: Vegetation types Mapsheet 8 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) VT3 m VT4 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Plantation Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Minesite Rehabilitation Date: 19/10/2018 VT1 Parkland Cleared [email protected] Author: vd VT2 Cleared www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) VT3 m VT4 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Plantation Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Minesite Rehabilitation Date: 19/10/2018 VT1 Cleared [email protected] Author: vd VT2 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) m 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd Cleared www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 6: Vegetation types Mapsheet 11 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Parkland Cleared m Cleared 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd Plantation www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 6: Vegetation types Mapsheet 12 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) VT4 m Plantation 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Minesite Rehabilitation Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Parkland Cleared Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 Cleared [email protected] Author: vd VT3 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) VT4 m Minesite Rehabilitation 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Cleared Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd VT3 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) VT4 m Minesite Rehabilitation 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Cleared Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 VT2 [email protected] Author: vd VT3 www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 6: Vegetation types Mapsheet 15 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) m 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation type Date: 19/10/2018 Minesite Rehabilitation [email protected] Author: vd Cleared www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Vegetation condition

The Survey Area shows signs of having been degraded for a long period of time. Disturbance within the Survey Area includes mining and exploration, agricultural practices and vegetation clearing and management to support infrastructure. As such, vegetation condition within the Survey Area ranged from Excellent to Completely Degraded (Keighery 1994; Figure 7; Table 7).

Table 8 gives a numerical breakdown of the area occupied by each vegetation condition rating within the Survey Area.

Table 7: Vegetation condition scale (Keighery 1994) Condition rating Description Pristine (1) Pristine or nearly so, no obvious sign of disturbance. Excellent (2) Vegetation structure intact, disturbance affecting individual species and weeds are non- aggressive species. Very Good (3) Vegetation structure altered obvious signs of disturbance. For example, disturbance to vegetation structure caused by repeated fires, the presence of some more aggressive weeds, dieback, logging and grazing. Good (4) Vegetation structure significantly altered by obvious signs of multiple disturbances. Retains basic vegetation structure or ability to regenerate it. For example, disturbance to vegetation structure caused by very frequent fires, the presence of some very aggressive weeds at high density, partial clearing, dieback, grazing. Degraded (5) Basic vegetation structure severely impacted by disturbance. Scope for regeneration but not to a state approaching good condition without intensive management. For example, disturbance to vegetation structure caused by very frequent fires, the presence of very aggressive weeds, partial clearing, dieback and grazing. Completely Degraded The structure of the vegetation is no longer intact and the area is completely or almost (6) completely without native species. These areas are often described as ‘parkland cleared’ with the flora comprising weed or crop species with isolated native trees or shrubs.

Table 8: Area (ha) covered by each vegetation condition category within the Survey Area Percentage of the Survey Vegetation Condition Area (ha) Area Excellent 10.98 6.65 Very Good 21.95 13.29 Good 1.25 0.76 Degraded 5.46 3.30 Completely Degraded 125.49 76.00 Total 165.13 100

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 1 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 2 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 5 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 6 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 7 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 8 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 9 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 10 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 11 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 12 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 13 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 14 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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Figure 7: Vegetation condition Mapsheet 15 of 15

Legend Scale 1:10,000 at A4 Survey area (Pipeline) Very good m Very good (burnt) 0 100 200 300 ¹ ! Declared rare flora (DRF) not to be disturbed Good Coordinate System: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 Note that positional errors may occur in some areas Vegetation condition Degraded Date: 19/10/2018 Excellent Completely degraded [email protected] Author: vd Very good to Excellent www.strategen.com.au Source: Landgate: Aerial image - 2010.

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4.2 Black Cockatoos

During the habitat assessment, FRTBC were observed feeding on Marri nuts on the edge of the Survey Area right near the Harris Dam.

We also examined the BirdLife Black Cockatoo database that lists known roosting sites for the State – none were within 6 km of the Survey Area.

4.2.1 Potential Breeding Habitat

Three species of Eucalypts, Marri (Corymbia calophylla), Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata), and Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo) recorded in the Survey Area, are considered Black Cockatoo potential breeding habitat when DBH is ≥ 500 mm (≥300 mm for Wandoo). The Survey Area contains 120 potential breeding trees with a DBH ≥ 500 mm (≥300 for Wandoo) - Marri (54), Jarrah (64), and Wandoo (2). The dimensions and the locations of the potential breeding trees are displayed in Figure 8 and Appendix 6.

There were few hollows present in these trees when viewed from the ground. Only one hollow that was observed from the ground was considered to have an entrance that was high enough or large enough for Black Cockatoos to utilise (> 5 m and > 100 mm diameter). However, it was considered unlikely that the hollow was deep enough for Black Cockatoos to nest in.

4.2.2 Foraging Habitat

There is a total of 44 ha of foraging habitat in the Survey Area (Figure 8). Foraging species in the Survey Area primarily consisted of Marri, Jarrah and Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus rudis) and Allocasuarina fraseriana, Banksia grandis, Hakea prostrata and Xanthorrhoea preissii in very low densities.

The same potential breeding trees (above in section 4.2.1) are also considered foraging species and includes trees that are of various sizes, however, many are considered mature (i.e. had fruit or large enough to produce fruit).

Chewed Marri nuts with markings from FRTBC were found in many locations throughout the Survey Area and occasionally chewed Jarrah nuts were also observed, again these were likely from FRTBC (Plate 1).

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Plate 1: Evidence of foraging on Marri nuts by FRTBC in the Survey Area

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5. Discussion

5.1 Flora and Vegetation

The Survey Area falls within the Helena 1 (He1) vegetation complex, of which approximately 76% of pre- European extent remains in the bioregion (GoWA 2016).

Four native vegetation types were mapped within the Survey Area, with the dominant vegetation being described as an open forest of Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla. No TECs or PECs were identified within or near the Survey Area. Vegetation within the Survey Area showed signs of historical disturbance and ranged from Excellent to Completely Degraded.

Vegetation types VT3 and VT4 can be defined as riparian vegetation as it is associated with a watercourse or wetland. Riparian vegetation provides important functions that maintain the ecological integrity of wetlands and water courses and as such, is considered significant vegetation as defined by the EPA (2016).

One species of conservation significant flora was recorded within the Survey Area. Grevillea rara is listed as Endangered under the EPBC Act and the WC Act. Grevillea rara is a shrub growing to 2 metres high, growing in dense stands, often adjacent to disturbed areas. Within the Survey Area, 232 individuals were recorded. This figure is unlikely to be exact, due to the growth habit of the species making it difficult to separate individual plants. This is a similar count (250) to that recorded by GHD in 2016.

One conservation significant flora species, previously recorded within the Survey Area, were not recorded during the 2017 survey. Synaphea hians was previously recorded adjacent to Coalfields Highway, with 100 individuals sighted (GHD 2016). This area of vegetation had been recently but at the time of the 2017 survey, and although the area was searched, no individuals were recorded.

5.2 Black Cockatoos

During the Black Cockatoo habitat assessment, potential foraging and breeding habitat was identified in the Survey Area. Given that all three species of Black Cockatoo (Baudin’s, Carnaby’s and FRTBC) have distributions that include the Survey Area and there is foraging and potential breeding habitat, they are considered likely to occur in the Survey Area at times.

There are extensive areas of Black Cockatoo habitat adjacent to the Survey Area and in the region in the form of Jarrah-Marri woodland.

5.2.1 Potential Breeding Habitat

Black Cockatoos breed in large hollow-bearing trees, generally within woodlands or forests (Johnstone et al. 2013a). The size of the tree can be a useful indication of the hollow-bearing potential of the tree. Trees of suitable DBH are potentially important for maintaining breeding in the long-term, through maintaining the integrity of the habitat and allowing trees to provide future nest hollows. Maintaining the long-term supply of trees of a size to provide suitable nest hollows is particularly important in woodland stands that are known to support Black Cockatoo breeding (DSEWPaC, 2012).

The Black Cockatoo habitat assessment revealed that the Survey Area contains Marri, Jarrah, and Wandoo trees which have reached a size to be considered potential future hollow bearing trees, therefore potential breeding trees (i.e. ≥ 500 mm [≥ 300 mm for Wandoo]) according to the EPBC Act referral guidelines for three threatened Black Cockatoo species (DSEWPaC, 2012).

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In total, 120 trees were recorded which met the criteria to be classed as a potential breeding tree. This suggests that these trees may develop hollows and have the potential to be use for breeding in the future. To be suitable for Black Cockatoos to nest in, the hollow entrances need to be large enough for them to enter and be of adequate depth. Only one hollow that was observed from the ground was considered to have an entrance that was high enough or large enough for Black Cockatoos to nest in (> 5 m and > 100 mm diameter). However, it was considered unlikely that the hollow was deep enough for Black Cockatoos to breed in.

5.2.2 Foraging Habitat

There were other Marri, Jarrah, Tuart and Wandoo trees in the Survey Area, however, they all had a DBH of < 500 mm (< 300 mm for Wandoo) and therefore are not considered as potential breeding trees. These trees, however, are all considered to be foraging habitat. The Survey Area also contained other known foraging species including Allocasuarina fraseriana, Banksia grandis, Hakea prostrata and Xanthorrhoea preissii but in very low densities.

All three Black Cockatoo species leave unique feeding patterns on Marri nuts as they extract the seeds. Each species has a different style – from the inelegant “chomp-chomp” style of the FRTBC and Carnaby’s Cockatoo to the delicate style of the Baudin’s Cockatoo which use their long upper beak to extract the Marri seeds (WAM 2013).

During the habitat assessment, FRTBC were observed feeding on Marri nuts in the Survey Area. Evidence of FRTBC foraging was recorded throughout the Survey Area, with many chewed Marri nuts and to a much lesser extent chewed Jarrah nuts. However, it is important to note that Marri nuts are much larger and consequently chewing on them by Black Cockatoos is much more conspicuous, particularly when chewed by the FRTBC.

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Appendix 1 Conservation significant flora and ecological community definitions

Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna (Parks and Wildlife 2017)

Specially protected fauna or flora are species which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be, in the wild, either rare, at risk of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such.

Categories of specially protected fauna and flora are:

T Threatened species

Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, and listed under Schedules 1 to 4 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora (which may also be referred to as Declared Rare Flora).

Threatened fauna is that subset of ‘Specially Protected Fauna’ declared to be ‘likely to become extinct’ pursuant to section 14(4) of the Wildlife Conservation Act.

Threatened flora is flora that has been declared to be ‘likely to become extinct or is rare, or otherwise in need of special protection’, pursuant to section 23F(2) of the Wildlife Conservation Act.

The assessment of the conservation status of these species is based on their national extent and ranked according to their level of threat using IUCN Red List categories and criteria as detailed below.

CR Critically endangered species

Threatened species considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora.

EN Endangered species

Threatened species considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 2 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora.

VU Vulnerable species

Threatened species considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 3 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Threatened Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Threatened Flora.

EX Presumed extinct species

Species which have been adequately searched for and there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 4 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice for Presumed Extinct Fauna and Wildlife Conservation (Rare Flora) Notice for Presumed Extinct Flora.

IA Migratory birds protected under an international agreement

Birds that are subject to an agreement between the government of Australia and the governments of Japan (JAMBA), China (CAMBA) and The Republic of Korea (ROKAMBA), and the Bonn Convention, relating to the protection of migratory birds. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 5 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice.

CD Conservation dependent fauna

Fauna of special conservation need being species dependent on ongoing conservation intervention to prevent it becoming eligible for listing as threatened. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 6 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice.

OS Other specially protected fauna

Fauna otherwise in need of special protection to ensure their conservation. Published as Specially Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, in Schedule 7 of the Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice.

Priority Flora and Fauna

Possibly threatened species that do not meet survey criteria, or are otherwise data deficient, are added to the Priority Fauna or Priority Flora Lists under Priorities 1, 2 or 3. These three categories are ranked in order of priority for survey and evaluation of conservation status so that consideration can be given to their declaration as threatened flora or fauna.

Species that are adequately known, are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for near threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened species or other specially protected fauna lists for other than taxonomic reasons, are placed in Priority 4. These species require regular monitoring.

Assessment of Priority codes is based on the Western Australian distribution of the species, unless the distribution in WA is part of a contiguous population extending into adjacent States, as defined by the known spread of locations.

1 Priority 1: Poorly-known species

Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less) which are potentially at risk. All occurrences are either: very small; or on lands not managed for conservation, e.g. agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, road and rail reserves, gravel reserves and active mineral leases; or otherwise under threat of habitat destruction or degradation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey.

2 Priority 2: Poorly-known species

Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less), some of which are on lands managed primarily for nature conservation, e.g. national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves and other lands with secure tenure being managed for conservation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey.

3 Priority 3: Poorly-known species

Species that are known from several locations, and the species does not appear to be under imminent threat, or from few but widespread locations with either large population size or significant remaining areas of apparently suitable habitat, much of it not under imminent threat. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from several locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Such species are in need of further survey.

4 Priority 4: Rare, Near Threatened and other species in need of monitoring:

(a) Rare. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These species are usually represented on conservation lands.

(b) Near Threatened. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable, but are not listed as Conservation Dependent.

(c) Species that have been removed from the list of threatened species during the past five years for reasons other than .

Definition of Threatened Ecological Communities (DEC 2013)

A threatened ecological community(TEC) is one which is found to fit into one of the following categories; “presumed totally destroyed”, “critically endangered”, “endangered” or “vulnerable”.

Presumed Totally Destroyed (PD)

An ecological community that has been adequately searched for but for which no representative occurrences have been located. The community has been found to be totally destroyed or so extensively modified throughout its range that no occurrence of it is likely to recover its species composition and/or structure in the foreseeable future.

An ecological community will be listed as presumed totally destroyed if there are no recent records of the community being extant and either of the following applies (A or B):

A) Records within the last 50 years have not been confirmed despite thorough searches of known or likely habitats, or

B) All occurrences recorded within the last 50 years have since been destroyed.

Critically Endangered (CR)

An ecological community will be listed as Critically Endangered when it has been adequately surveyed and is found to be facing an extremely high risk of total destruction in the immediate future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information, by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B or C):

A) The estimated geographic range, and/or total area occupied, and/or number of discrete occurrences since European settlement have been reduced by at least 90% and either or both of the following apply:  geographic range, and/or total area occupied and/or number of discrete occurrences are continuing to decline such that total destruction of the community is imminent (within approximately 10 years)  modification throughout its range is continuing such that in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years) the community is unlikely to be capable of being substantially rehabilitated.

B) Current distribution is limited, and one or more of the following apply:  geographic range and/or number of discrete occurrences, and/or area occupied is highly restricted and the community is currently subject to known threatening processes which are likely to result in total destruction throughout its range in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years)  there are very few occurrences, each of which is small and/or isolated and extremely vulnerable to known threatening processes  there may be many occurrences but total area is very small and each occurrence is small and/or isolated and extremely vulnerable to known threatening processes.

C) The ecological community exists only as highly modified occurrences that may be capable of being rehabilitated if such work begins in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years).

Endangered (EN)

An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and found to have been subject to a major contraction in area and/or was originally of limited distribution and is in danger of significant modification throughout its range or severe modification or destruction over most of its range in the near future.

An ecological community will be listed as Endangered when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered but is facing a very high risk of total destruction in the near future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B, or C):

A) The geographic range, and/or total area occupied, and/or number of discrete occurrences have been reduced by at least 70% since European settlement and either or both of the following apply:  the estimated geographic range, and/or total area occupied and/or number of discrete occurrences are continuing to decline such that total destruction of the community is likely in the short term future (within approximately 20 years)  modification throughout its range is continuing such that in the short term future (within approximately 20 years) the community is unlikely to be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated.

B) Current distribution is limited, and one or more of the following apply”  geographic range and/or number of discrete occurrences, and/or area occupied is highly restricted and the community is currently subject to known threatening processes which are likely to result in total destruction throughout its range in the short term future (within approximately 20 years)  there are few occurrences, each of which is small and/or isolated and all or most occurrences are very vulnerable to known threatening processes  there may be many occurrences but total area is small and all or most occurrences are small and/or isolated and very vulnerable to known threatening processes.

C) The ecological community exists only as very modified occurrences that may be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated if such work begins in the short-term future (within approximately 20 years).

Vulnerable (VU)

An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and is found to be declining and/or has declined in distribution and/or condition and whose ultimate security has not yet been assured and/or a community that is still widespread but is believed likely to move into a category of higher threat in the near future if threatening processes continue or begin operating throughout its range.

An ecological community will be listed as Vulnerable when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of total destruction or significant modification in the medium (within approximately 50 years) to long-term future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B or C):

A) The ecological community exists largely as modified occurrences that are likely to be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated.

B) The ecological community may already be modified and would be vulnerable to threatening processes, is restricted in area and/or range and/or is only found at a few locations.

C) The ecological community may be still widespread but is believed likely to move into a category of higher threat in the medium to long term future because of existing or impending threatening processes.

Definition of Priority Ecological Communities (DEC 2013)

Possible threatened ecological communities that do not meet survey criteria or that are not adequately defined are added to the Priority Ecological Community List under priorities 1, 2 and 3. These three categories are ranked in order of priority for survey and/or definition of the community. Ecological communities that are adequately known, and are rare but not threatened or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list, are placed in Priority 4. These ecological communities require regular monitoring.

Priority One: Poorly-known ecological communities

Ecological communities with apparently few, small occurrences, all or most not actively managed for conservation (e.g. within agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, active mineral leases) and for which current threats exist. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well-known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes across their range.

Priority Two: Poorly-known ecological communities

Communities that are known from few small occurrences, all or most of which are actively managed for conservation (e.g. within national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves, State forest, unallocated Crown land, water reserves, etc.) and not under imminent threat of destruction or degradation. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes.

Priority Three: Poorly known ecological communities

• Communities that are known from several to many occurrences, a significant number or area of which are not under threat of habitat destruction or degradation • communities known from a few widespread occurrences, which are either large or within significant remaining areas of habitat in which other occurrences may occur, much of it not under imminent threat • communities made up of large, and/or widespread occurrences, that may or not be represented in the reserve system, but are under threat of modification across much of their range from processes such as grazing by domestic and/or feral stock, and inappropriate fire regimes.

Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from several localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and/or are not well defined, and known threatening processes exist that could affect them.

Priority Four

Ecological communities that are adequately known, rare but not threatened or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list. These communities require regular monitoring. These include:

a) Rare. Ecological communities known from few occurrences that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These communities are usually represented on conservation lands.

b) Near Threatened. Ecological communities that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable.

c) Ecological communities that have been removed from the list of threatened communities during the past five years.

Appendix 2 DEE Black Cockatoo Distribution Maps

Map 2: Modelled distribution for Baudin's Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus baudinii)

Moore River NP Lake Campion NR Wyalkatchem Dowerin Gnangara-moore River SF

Bindoon Goomalling Westonia

Guilderton Gingin

Yeal NR Julimar SF Gnangara-moore River SF Merredin Two Rocks

Yanchep Toodyay Muchea

Tammin Kellerberrin Northam Cunderdin Mindarie Gnangara-moore River SF Joondalup Upper Swan Wundowie

Chidlow Bruce Rock Midland Junction Mt Helena York

Perth Kalamunda Quairading Fremantle Mundaring SF Wandoo NP Narembeen Beverley

Armadale Helena NP Alcoa

Casuarina

Rockingham Mundijong

Jarrahdale Corrigin

Monadnocks Res. Brookton Jarrahdale SF Golden Bay Youraling SF

Kondinin Timber Reserve Mandurah Pingelly

Avalon North Pinjarra Pinjarra Dwellingup SF Kulin

Dwellingup

Lol Gray SF Wickepin Boddington Cuballing Yalgorup NP Waroona

Narrogin Yarloop Dwellingup SF

Williams Harris River SF Harvey Lake Grace

Binningup Harris River SF Lane Poole Res.

Leschenault Brunswick Junction Chinocup NR Wagin Dumbleyung Bunbury Muja SF Darkan Collie Wellington NP Collie SF

Stratham Mumballup SF Boyanup Wellington SF

Peppermint Grove Capel Donnybrook Lake Magenta NR Boyanup SF Dunsborough Busselton Katanning Wilga SF

Jarrahwood SF Millbrook SF Boyup Brook Kojonup Cowaramup Greenbushes

Jerramungup Blackwood SF Gnowangerup Margaret River Bridgetown Nannup

Wiltshire - Butler NP Tambellup Milyeannup SF Nth Donnelly SF Blackwood River NP

SF 63 Greater Kingston NP Leeuwin - Naturaliste NP Milyeannup NP Sth East Nannup SF Palgarup SF Tone - Perup NR

SF 58 Barlee Brook SF Hilliger NP Manjimup

Cranbrook Augusta Donnelly SF

Greater Beedelup NP Tone SF Stirling Range NP Tone SF Pemberton Lake Muir SF

Lake Muir NR Warren SF

Lake Muir SF

Northcliffe Mt Barker Shannon NP The distribution extent of the Baudin's Cockatoo Mt Frankland North NP Mt Roe NP was created and verified using Birds Australia and D'Entrecasteaux NP WA Musem data (2011) and information received Mt Frankland NP Mt Lindesay NP from experts (R. Johnstone, G.M. Storr & T. Mt Lindesay NP Mt Frankland South NP Kirkby). The broad occurrence extent of the species was based upon a modelled distribution Denmark using observation records and expert feedback. Walpole Albany The roosting sites, wintering areas and predicted Walpole - Nornalup NP breeding range from derived from expert published material (Johnstone & Kirkby). Known breeding areas represent locations known to be used by birds for breeding as at December 2009. As habitat has been lost in traditional breeding areas, birds have begun breeding at new locations. The mapped distribution was further revised during policy development workshops and on advice from WHaM, DoE (2016). Last updated: 19-May-2016 km 0 20 40 60 80 100 © Commonwealth of Australia 2016

INDICATIVE MAP ONLY: For the latest departmental information, please refer to the Protected Matters Search Tool and the Species Profiles & Threats Database at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/index.html

Produced by: Ecological Communities ") Cities & Towns Environmental Resources Information Network 2016 Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhea preissii woodlands and shrublands of the Swan Coastal Plain Roads (sealed) Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands on heavy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain Contextual data source: National Vegetation Information System (NVIS 4.2) 2016 Banksia Woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain Roads (unsealed) Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) version 7 2012 Conservation Areas Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD) 2014 Railways Jarrah, Karri and Marri (NVIS 4.2) Geoscience Australia GEODATA TOPO 250K Topographic Data Series 3 2006 State Border Species Projection: Geographic Known Breeding Areas Major Rivers Datum: GDA94 Predicted Breeding Range Lakes/Reservoirs Known Foraging Areas Non-perennial Lakes Main Wintering Area Species Likely to Occur Map 3: Modelled distribution for Carnaby's Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris)

Earaheedy NRS

Moolgoolool NRS Moolgoolool NRS

Lorna Glen NRS Lake Carnegie

Moolgoolool NRS

Meekatharra Wiluna

Nanga Station NRS Muggon NRS

Toolonga NR Toolonga NR

Kaluwiri NRS Cue

Kalbarri NP Kalbarri Lake Mason NRS Narloo NRS Dalgaranga - Noongal NRS Leinster Yeo Lake NR Mt Magnet Cosmo Newberry AR

Northampton

Mullewa Barnong NRS Laverton

Geraldton

Leonora Thundelarra NRS Lochada NRS

Karara NRS Mingenew Morawa Lake Barlee Dongara

Three Springs

Carnamah

Eneabba Lake Moore Leeman Karroun Hill NR Green Head Mt Manning Range NR

Credo NRS Mt Manning Range CP Jurien Bay Dalwallinu Queen Victoria Spring NR Cervantes

Moora Cundeelee AR Kalgoorlie Koorda Wongan Hills Mukinbudin Coolgardie Lancelin

Kambalda West Dowerin Wyalkatchem Southern Cross Kambalda Goomalling Guilderton Gingin

Two Rocks Merredin Yanchep Toodyay Northam Cunderdin Kellerberrin Mindarie Joondalup Wundowie Jilbadji NR Chidlow Midland Junction York Bruce Rock Perth Kalamunda Quairading Fremantle Narembeen Beverley Armadale Casuarina Norseman Cundeelee AR Rockingham Jarrahdale Corrigin Brookton

Kondinin Dundas NR Mandurah Pingelly North Pinjarra Dwellingup SF Pinjarra Kulin Dwellingup Boddington Wickepin Waroona Narrogin Williams Harvey Lake Grace Binningup

Brunswick Junction Wagin Bunbury Darkan Dumbleyung Collie Nuytsland NR Peppermint Grove Boyanup Dunsborough Capel Donnybrook Lake Magenta NR Ravensthorpe Busselton Cape Arid NP Katanning Condingup Kojonup Greenbushes Boyup Brook Esperance Gnowangerup Hopetoun Margaret River Nannup Bridgetown Fitzgerald River NP Tambellup

Manjimup Augusta Cranbrook Stirling Range NP Bremer Bay Pemberton

Mt Barker Mt Roe NP D'Entrecasteaux NP

Denmark Walpole Albany

The distribution extent of the Carnaby's Cockatoo was created and verified using Birds Australia and WA Museum data (2016) and information received from experts (R. Johnstone, 2011). The broad occurrence extent of the species was based upon a modelled distribution using observation records and expert feedback. The mapped distribution was revised during policy development workshops and on advice from WHaM, DoE (2016). Last updated: 19-May-2016.

km 0 50 100 150 200 250 © Commonwealth of Australia 2016

INDICATIVE MAP ONLY: For the latest departmental information, please refer to the Protected Matters Search Tool and the Species Profiles & Threats Database at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/index.html

Conservation Areas Produced by: ") Cities & Towns Environmental Resources Information Network 2016 Jarrah, Karri, Marri, Salmon Gum, Wandoo, Banksia, Grevillea, Dryandra and Hakea (NVIS 4.2) Roads (sealed) Contextual data source: Species National Vegetation Information System (NVIS 4.2) 2016 Breeding Range Roads (unsealed) Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) version 7 2012 Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD) 2014 Non-breeding Range Geoscience Australia GEODATA TOPO 250K Topographic Data Series 3 2006 State Border Ecological Communites Projection: Geographic Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhea preissii woodlands and shrublands of the Swan Coastal Plain Major Rivers Datum: GDA94 Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands on heavy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain Lakes/Reservoirs Banksia Woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain Non-perennial Lakes Map 4: Modelled distribution for Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso)

Cowcowing Lakes Lancelin

Ledge Point Moore River NP Lake Campion NR

Wyalkatchem Gnangara-moore River SF Dowerin

Bindoon Goomalling Westonia

Guilderton Gingin

Yeal NR Julimar SF Gnangara-moore River SF Merredin Two Rocks

Yanchep Toodyay Muchea

Tammin Kellerberrin Northam Cunderdin Mindarie Gnangara-moore River SF Joondalup Upper Swan Wundowie

Chidlow Bruce Rock Midland Junction Mt Helena York

Perth Kalamunda Quairading

Fremantle Mundaring SF Wandoo NP Narembeen Beverley

Armadale Helena NP Alcoa

Casuarina

Rockingham Mundijong

Jarrahdale Corrigin

Monadnocks Res. Brookton Jarrahdale SF Golden Bay Youraling SF

Kondinin Timber Reserve Mandurah Pingelly

Avalon North Pinjarra Pinjarra Dwellingup SF Kulin

Dwellingup

Lol Gray SF Wickepin Boddington Cuballing Yalgorup NP Waroona

Narrogin Yarloop Dwellingup SF

Williams Harris River SF Harvey Lake Grace

Binningup Harris River SF Lane Poole Res.

Leschenault Brunswick Junction Chinocup NR Wagin Dumbleyung Bunbury Muja SF Darkan Collie Wellington NP Collie SF

Stratham Mumballup SF Boyanup Wellington SF

Peppermint Grove Capel Donnybrook Lake Magenta NR Boyanup SF Dunsborough Busselton Katanning Wilga SF

Jarrahwood SF Millbrook SF Boyup Brook Kojonup Cowaramup Greenbushes

Blackwood SF Gnowangerup Margaret River Bridgetown Nannup

Wiltshire - Butler NP Tambellup Milyeannup SF Nth Donnelly SF Blackwood River NP

SF 63 Greater Kingston NP Leeuwin - Naturaliste NP Milyeannup NP Sth East Nannup SF Palgarup SF Tone - Perup NR

SF 58 Barlee Brook SF Hilliger NP Manjimup

Cranbrook Augusta Donnelly SF

Greater Beedelup NP Tone SF Stirling Range NP Tone SF Pemberton Lake Muir SF

Lake Muir NR Warren SF

Lake Muir SF

Northcliffe Mt Barker Shannon NP The distribution extent of the Forest Red-tailed Mt Frankland North NP Mt Roe NP Black-cockatoo is based on observation data D'Entrecasteaux NP from the WA Museum as supplied May 2016. Mt Frankland NP Mt Lindesay NP Recorded collection dates for observations Mt Lindesay NP Mt Frankland South NP used in the modelling range from 1996 - 2015. The 'Likely to Occur' and 'May Occur' Denmark distributions were predicted using the Walpole Walpole - Nornalup NP Albany observation records and soil, geology and climate environmental layers in Maxent modelling software. The mapped distribution was further revised during policy development workshops and on advice from WHaM, DoE (2016). Last updated: 18-May-2016. km 0 20 40 60 80 100 © Commonwealth of Australia 2016

INDICATIVE MAP ONLY: For the latest departmental information, please refer to the Protected Matters Search Tool and the Species Profiles & Threats Database at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/index.html

Conservation Areas

Produced by: Jarrah, Karri and Marri (NVIS 4.2) ") Cities & Towns Environmental Resources Information Network 2016 Species Roads (sealed) Contextual data source: National Vegetation Information System (NVIS 4.2) 2016 Likely to Occur Roads (unsealed) Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) version 7 2012 May Occur Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD) 2014 Railways Geoscience Australia GEODATA TOPO 250K Topographic Data Series 3 2006 Ecological Communities State Border Projection: Geographic Corymbia calophylla - Xanthorrhea preissii woodlands and shrublands of the Swan Coastal Plain Major Rivers Datum: GDA94 Corymbia calophylla - Kingia australis woodlands on heavy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain Lakes/Reservoirs Banksia Woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain Non-perennial Lakes

Appendix 3 Desktop assessment results (DBCA 2017, DEE 2017c)

EPBC Act Protected Matters Report

This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected.

Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report.

Information is available about Environment Assessments and the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details.

Report created: 01/02/18 17:18:31

Summary Details Matters of NES Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgements

This map may contain data which are ©Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia), ©PSMA 2010

Coordinates Buffer: 2.0Km Summary

Matters of National Environmental Significance

This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance.

World Heritage Properties: None National Heritage Places: None Wetlands of International Importance: None Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: None Commonwealth Marine Area: None Listed Threatened Ecological Communities: 1 Listed Threatened Species: 13 Listed Migratory Species: 8

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken on Commonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of a place are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of a Commonwealth Heritage place. Information on the new heritage laws can be found at http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage

A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member of a listed marine species.

Commonwealth Land: None Commonwealth Heritage Places: None Listed Marine Species: 12 Whales and Other Cetaceans: None Critical Habitats: None Commonwealth Reserves Terrestrial: None Commonwealth Reserves Marine: None

Extra Information

This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.

State and Territory Reserves: 1 Regional Forest Agreements: 1 Invasive Species: 22 Nationally Important Wetlands: None Key Ecological Features (Marine) None Details

Matters of National Environmental Significance

Listed Threatened Ecological Communities [ Resource Information ] For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps. Name Status Type of Presence Banksia Woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain Endangered Community may occur ecological community within area Listed Threatened Species [ Resource Information ] Name Status Type of Presence Birds Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian Bittern [1001] Endangered Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo, Karrak [67034] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Calyptorhynchus baudinii Baudin's Cockatoo, Long-billed Black-Cockatoo [769] Vulnerable Breeding likely to occur within area Calyptorhynchus latirostris Carnaby's Cockatoo, Short-billed Black-Cockatoo Endangered Breeding likely to occur [59523] within area Leipoa ocellata Malleefowl [934] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Fish Nannatherina balstoni Balston's Pygmy Perch [66698] Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mammals Bettongia penicillata Brush-tailed Bettong, Woylie [213] Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Dasyurus geoffroii Chuditch, Western Quoll [330] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Pseudocheirus occidentalis Western Ringtail Possum, Ngwayir, Womp, Woder, Vulnerable Species or species Name Status Type of Presence Ngoor, Ngoolangit [25911] habitat likely to occur within area Setonix brachyurus Quokka [229] Vulnerable Species or species habitat known to occur within area

Plants Eleocharis keigheryi Keighery's Eleocharis [64893] Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur within area

Listed Migratory Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Migratory Marine Birds Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Migratory Terrestrial Species Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail [642] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Migratory Wetlands Species Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper [59309] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper [874] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper [858] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act Listed Marine Species [ Resource Information ] * Species is listed under a different scientific name on the EPBC Act - Threatened Species list. Name Threatened Type of Presence Birds Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper [59309] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift [678] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Ardea alba Great Egret, White Egret [59541] Breeding known to occur Name Threatened Type of Presence within area Ardea ibis Cattle Egret [59542] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper [874] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper [856] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper [858] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle [943] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater [670] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail [642] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Numenius madagascariensis Eastern Curlew, Far Eastern Curlew [847] Critically Endangered Species or species habitat may occur within area

Pandion haliaetus Osprey [952] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Extra Information State and Territory Reserves [ Resource Information ] Name State Wellington WA

Regional Forest Agreements [ Resource Information ] Note that all areas with completed RFAs have been included. Name State South West WA RFA Western Australia

Invasive Species [ Resource Information ] Weeds reported here are the 20 species of national significance (WoNS), along with other introduced plants that are considered by the States and Territories to pose a particularly significant threat to biodiversity. The following feral animals are reported: Goat, Red Fox, Cat, Rabbit, Pig, Water Buffalo and Cane Toad. Maps from Landscape Health Project, National Land and Water Resouces Audit, 2001.

Name Status Type of Presence Birds Anas platyrhynchos Mallard [974] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Name Status Type of Presence Columba livia Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon [803] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Passer domesticus House Sparrow [405] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow [406] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Turtle-Dove [780] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Turtle-dove, Laughing Dove [781] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mammals Canis lupus familiaris Domestic Dog [82654] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Felis catus Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat [19] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Feral deer Feral deer species in Australia [85733] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Mus musculus House Mouse [120] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit, European Rabbit [128] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Rattus rattus Black Rat, Ship Rat [84] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Sus scrofa Pig [6] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Vulpes vulpes Red Fox, Fox [18] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Plants Anredera cordifolia Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb's-tail, Mignonette Vine, Species or species habitat Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, likely to occur within area Potato Vine [2643] Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist's Species or species habitat Smilax, Smilax Asparagus [22473] likely to occur within area

Chrysanthemoides monilifera Bitou Bush, Boneseed [18983] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana Broom [67538] Species or species habitat may occur within area

Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn, Boxthorn [19235] Species or species habitat likely to occur Name Status Type of Presence within area Pinus radiata Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Species or species habitat Pine [20780] may occur within area

Rubus fruticosus aggregate Blackberry, European Blackberry [68406] Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Species or species habitat Sterile Pussy Willow [68497] likely to occur within area Caveat The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of the report.

This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World and National Heritage properties, Wetlands of International and National Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.

Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only. Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in general terms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seek and consider other information sources.

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.

Threatened, migratory and marine species distributions have been derived through a variety of methods. Where distributions are well known and if time permits, maps are derived using either thematic spatial data (i.e. vegetation, soils, geology, elevation, aspect, terrain, etc) together with point locations and described habitat; or environmental modelling (MAXENT or BIOCLIM habitat modelling) using point locations and environmental data layers.

Where very little information is available for species or large number of maps are required in a short time-frame, maps are derived either from 0.04 or 0.02 decimal degree cells; by an automated process using polygon capture techniques (static two kilometre grid cells, alpha-hull and convex hull); or captured manually or by using topographic features (national park boundaries, islands, etc). In the early stages of the distribution mapping process (1999-early 2000s) distributions were defined by degree blocks, 100K or 250K map sheets to rapidly create distribution maps. More reliable distribution mapping methods are used to update these distributions as time permits.

Only selected species covered by the following provisions of the EPBC Act have been mapped: - migratory and - marine The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from this database:

- threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants - some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed - some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area - migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species: - non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites - seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.

Coordinates

-33.338291 115.897142,-33.338563 115.89649,-33.338563 115.89649,-33.362326 115.912183,-33.365056 115.904665,-33.340476 115.890276,- 33.338291 115.897142 Acknowledgements This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. The department acknowledges the following custodians who have contributed valuable data and advice: -Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales -Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Victoria -Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmania -Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia -Department of Land and Resource Management, Northern Territory -Department of Environmental and Heritage Protection, Queensland -Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia -Environment and Planning Directorate, ACT -Birdlife Australia -Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme -Australian National Wildlife Collection -Natural history museums of Australia -Museum Victoria -Australian Museum -South Australian Museum -Queensland Museum -Online Zoological Collections of Australian Museums -Queensland Herbarium -National Herbarium of NSW -Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria -Tasmanian Herbarium -State Herbarium of South Australia -Northern Territory Herbarium -Western Australian Herbarium -Australian National Herbarium, Canberra -University of New England -Ocean Biogeographic Information System -Australian Government, Department of Defence Forestry Corporation, NSW -Geoscience Australia -CSIRO -Australian Tropical Herbarium, Cairns -eBird Australia -Australian Government – Australian Antarctic Data Centre -Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory -Australian Government National Environmental Science Program -Australian Institute of Marine Science -Reef Life Survey Australia -American Museum of Natural History -Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Inveresk, Tasmania -Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, Tasmania -Other groups and individuals

The Department is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert advice and information on numerous draft distributions.

Please feel free to provide feedback via the Contact Us page.

© Commonwealth of Australia Department of the Environment GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia +61 2 6274 1111 NatureMap Species Report Created By Guest user on 01/02/2018

Kingdom Plantae Conservation Status Conservation Taxon (T, X, IA, S, P1-P5) Current Names Only Yes Core Datasets Only Yes Method 'By Circle' Centre 116° 09' 37'' E,33° 16' 37'' S Buffer 20km

Name ID Species Name Naturalised Conservation Code 1Endemic To Query Area 1. 3537 Acacia semitrullata P4 2. 11336 subsp. chamaephyton P3 3. 32012 Banksia sp. Boyup Brook (L.W. Sage LWS 2366) P1 4. 15336 Caladenia bryceana subsp. bryceana T 5. 11333 Calothamnus graniticus subsp. leptophyllus P4 6. 13634 Drakaea confluens T 7. 13191 Drosera occidentalis subsp. occidentalis P4 8. 13512 Eucalyptus rudis subsp. cratyantha P4 9. 14417 Grevillea prominens P3 10. 14418 Grevillea rara T Y 11. 2082 Grevillea ripicola (Collie Grevillea) P4 12. 6868 Hemigenia rigida P1 13. 17622 Hypolaena robusta P4 14. 14631 Juncus meianthus P3 15. 41160 Leucopogon extremus P2 16. 38000 Logania sylvicola P2 17. 33298 Lomandra whicherensis P3 18. 4183 Pultenaea skinneri (Skinner's Pea) P4 19. 1003 Schoenus natans (Floating Bog-rush) P4 20. 8212 Senecio leucoglossus P4 21. 19337 Sphaerolobium benetectum P2 22. 40480 Stylidium acuminatum subsp. acuminatum P2 23. 16937 Synaphea decumbens P3 24. 16769 Synaphea hians P3 25. 4538 Tetratheca parvifolia P3 26. 35519 Thysanotus unicupensis P3

Conservation Codes T - Rare or likely to become extinct X - Presumed extinct IA - Protected under international agreement S - Other specially protected fauna 1 - Priority 1 2 - Priority 2 3 - Priority 3 4 - Priority 4 5 - Priority 5

1 For NatureMap's purposes, species flagged as endemic are those whose records are wholely contained within the search area. Note that only those records complying with the search criterion are included in the calculation. For example, if you limit records to those from a specific datasource, only records from that datasource are used to determine if a species is restricted to the query area.

NatureMap is a collaborative project of the Department of Parks and Wildlife and the Western Australian Museum.

Page 1

Appendix 4 Vascular plant taxa recorded from quadrats within the Survey Area

Taxa QT01 QT02 QT03 QT04 QT05 QT06 QT07 QT08 QT09 QT13 QT14 QT15 RT01 RT02 RT03

Acacia applanata + + Acacia celastrifolia + Acacia extensa + + + + + + + Acacia lasiocarpa + Acacia pulchella + + + + + *Aira caryophyllea + + + + + + Allocasuarina fraseriana + Astartea fascicularis + Austrostipa sp. + + *Avena barbata + Babingtonia camphorosmae + Banksia grandis + Billardiera fusiformis + + + + Boronia crenulata + Boronia crenulata subsp. crenulata + + Boronia fastigiata + Bossiaea aquifolium + + + + Bossiaea eriocarpa + + + + + + Bossiaea linophylla + Bossiaea ornata + + + *Briza maxima + + + + + + *Briza minor + Burchardia congesta + + Caladenia flava + + + Caladenia sp. + + Callitris sp. + Calothamnus rupestris + Calothamnus sanguineus + Clematis pubescens + + Conostylis aculeata + + + + Conostylis pusilla + + Conostylis serrulata + + Conostylis setigera + + Corymbia calophylla + + + + + + + Cyathochaeta avenacea + + + + + + Dampiera linearis +

Taxa QT01 QT02 QT03 QT04 QT05 QT06 QT07 QT08 QT09 QT13 QT14 QT15 RT01 RT02 RT03

Dasypogon bromeliifolius + Desmocladus fasciculatus + + + + + Desmocladus flexuosus + + Diuris sp. + Eucalyptus marginata + + + + + + + + + + Eucalyptus rudis + + Gompholobium knightianum + + Gompholobium tomentosum + + Hakea lissocarpha + + Hakea prostrata + + + Hemigenia pritzelii + Hibbertia amplexicaulis + Hibbertia commutata + + + + + Hibbertia hypericoides + + + + + Hypocalymma angustifolium + + + + + *Hypochaeris glabra + + + + Hypolaena exsulca + + + + + + + Jacksonia furcellata + + Juncus pallidus + Kennedia coccinea + Lagenophora huegelii + + + + + Lasiopetalum floribundum + + Lechenaultia biloba + + + Lepidosperma leptostachyum + + + + + + + Lepidosperma pubisquameum + + + + Leucopogon nutans + Lindsaea linearis + Lomandra caespitosa + Lomandra sonderi + + + Lomandra suaveolens + *Lotus subbiflorus + Lyginia barbata + + Lysimachia arvensis + Macrozamia riedlei + + + + Melaleuca incana subsp. Incana + + +

Taxa QT01 QT02 QT03 QT04 QT05 QT06 QT07 QT08 QT09 QT13 QT14 QT15 RT01 RT02 RT03

Melaleuca preissiana + + Melaleuca trichophylla + Millotia sp. + dilatata + Myrtaceae sp. + + Neurachne alopecuroidea + + + Nuytsia floribunda + Opercularia hispidula + Patersonia occidentalis + + + + + + + + Pentapeltis peltigera + Pericalymma ellipticum + Persoonia longifolia + + + linearis + Phlebocarya ciliata + + + + Phyllanthus calycinus + + + + + Phyllota gracilis + + Poaceae sp. + Pteridium esculentum + + Rhodanthe citrina + Rytidosperma caespitosum + + Scaevola calliptera + + + Sowerbaea laxiflora + + + Stylidium amoenum + Stylidium piliferum + + Tetraria capillaris + + + + + + + Tetraria octandra + + + + Tetrarrhena laevis + Thelymitra crinita + Thysanotus sp. + + + + Trachymene pilosa + + Trymalium ledifolium + *Ursinia anthemoides + Xanthorrhoea gracilis + + + + Xanthorrhoea preissii + + + + + + +

Appendix 5 Quadrat data

QT01

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 437824mE; 6299625mN

Soils sandy loam; grey-brown

Ground cover Bare soil 1%

Litter 45%

Condition Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia extensa 0.8 2 Boronia crenulata subsp. crenulata 0.1 + Bossiaea eriocarpa 0.4 3 Bossiaea ornata 0.3 + *Briza maxima 0.1 + Conostylis aculeata 0.2 1 Corymbia calophylla 10 20 Cyathochaeta avenacea 0.4 4 Desmocladus flexuosus 0.1 10 Eucalyptus marginata 10 5 Grevillea bipinnatifida 0.2 8 Hypocalymma angustifolium 0.6 4 *Hypochaeris glabra - + Lagenophora huegelii - + Lepidosperma pubisquameum 0.5 1 Patersonia occidentalis 0.2 + Phlebocarya ciliata 0.6 5 Poaceae sp. 0.2 + Rhodanthe citrina 0.1 + Rytidosperma caespitosum 0.1 2 Scaevola calliptera 0.2 + Sowerbaea laxiflora 0.2 + Tetraria capillaris 0.4 2 Tetraria octandra 0.4 1 Trachymene pilosa 0.1 + Xanthorrhoea preissii 1.3 10

QT02

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 437809mE; 6299903mN

Soils loam; grey-brown

Ground cover Bare soil 10%

Litter 60%

Condition Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia extensa 1 + Acacia pulchella 1.3 2 *Avena barbata 0.5 + *Briza maxima 0.1 2 *Briza minor 0.1 2 Callitris sp. 2.5 + Eucalyptus rudis 5 10 Hakea varia 1.5 2 *Hypochaeris glabra - 15 Hypolaena exsulca 0.8 3 Juncus pallidus 1 2 Lepidosperma leptostachyum 0.5 + Lepidosperma pubisquameum 0.3 + *Lotus subbiflorus 0.1 2 Melaleuca preissiana 3 25 Myrtaceae sp. 1.3 5 Patersonia occidentalis 0.4 + Phyllota gracilis 0.8 1 Rytidosperma caespitosum 0.1 + Thysanotus sp. 0.2 + *Ursinia anthemoides 0.2 2 *Aira caryophyllea 0.1 +

QT03

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 4377607mE; 6301362mN

Soils clay; grey-brown

Ground cover -

-

Condition Excellent

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia extensa 0.5 + Billardiera fusiformis 0.6 + Boronia crenulata subsp. crenulata 0.2 + *Briza maxima 0.1 + Caladenia flava 0.1 + Cyathochaeta avenacea 0.6 3 Dampiera linearis 0.3 + Eucalyptus rudis 10 5 Hypocalymma angustifolium 0.5 10 Hypolaena exsulca 0.7 1 Lagenophora huegelii 0.1 + Lepidosperma leptostachyum 0.5 3 Lysimachia arvensis 0.1 + Melaleuca preissiana 10 35 Myrtaceae sp. 1.3 25 Patersonia occidentalis 0.4 + Phyllota gracilis 0.5 + Tetraria capillaris 0.3 2 Trachymene pilosa 0.1 + *Aira caryophyllea 0.1 +

QT04

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 437575mE; 6301703mN

Soils sandy loam; grey-brown

Ground cover Bare soil 0%

Litter 50%

Condition Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia applanata 0.1 + Adenanthos obovatus 0.4 1 Boronia crenulata 0.2 + Bossiaea eriocarpa 0.3 + Bossiaea ornata 0.2 + Conostylis aculeata 0.2 1 Conostylis setigera 0.2 + Cyathochaeta avenacea 0.5 2 Desmocladus flexuosus 0.2 10 Eucalyptus marginata 15 20 Hibbertia commutata 0.2 + Hypocalymma angustifolium 0.4 1 Hypolaena exsulca 0.4 2 Jacksonia furcellata 1.5 1 Lepidosperma pubisquameum 0.3 2 Lindsaea linearis 0.1 2 Lomandra sonderi 0.4 1 Lomandra suaveolens 0.2 + Patersonia occidentalis 0.3 1 Phlebocarya ciliata 0.3 5 Sowerbaea laxiflora 0.3 + Tetraria capillaris 0.4 3 Tetraria octandra 0.5 2 Xanthorrhoea preissii 1 4

QT05

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 437557mE; 6302038mN

Soils sandy loam; grey-brown

Ground cover Bare soil 0%

Litter 60%

Condition Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia applanata - + Acacia extensa 1.3 1 Acacia lasiocarpa 0.2 + Bossiaea eriocarpa 0.5 1 Bossiaea ornata 0.2 + *Briza maxima 0.1 + Burchardia congesta 0.3 + Caladenia sp. 0.4 + Conostylis aculeata 0.3 + Corymbia calophylla 15 15 Cyathochaeta avenacea 0.5 5 Desmocladus fasciculatus 0.1 10 Eucalyptus marginata 1.5 15 Gompholobium knightianum 0.1 + Gompholobium tomentosum 0.1 + Hakea varia 0.8 2 Hibbertia hypericoides 0.1 1 *Hypochaeris glabra 0.1 2 Hypolaena exsulca 0.3 + Lepidosperma pubisquameum 0.6 2 Lomandra caespitosa 0.2 + Lomandra sonderi 0.4 + Scaevola calliptera 0.2 + Sowerbaea laxiflora 0.4 + Stylidium piliferum 0.1 + Tetraria capillaris 0.4 4 Tetraria octandra 0.5 5 Thelymitra crinita 0.3 + Thysanotus sp. 0.1 + Trymalium ledifolium 0.3 + Xanthorrhoea gracilis 1 1 Xanthorrhoea preissii 1 1

QT06

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 436261mE; 6304972mN

Soils sandy loam; brown

Ground cover Bare soil 0%

Litter 70%

Condition Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia extensa 1 1 Allocasuarina fraseriana 12 10 Austrostipa sp. 0.3 + Babingtonia camphorosmae 0.2 + Bossiaea eriocarpa 0.2 2 Conostylis pusilla 0.1 + Conostylis serrulata 0.2 + Conostylis setigera 0.1 + Cyathochaeta avenacea 0.7 2 Desmocladus fasciculatus 0.1 10 Eucalyptus marginata 15 25 Gompholobium knightianum 0.1 + Hibbertia hypericoides 0.1 3 Hypolaena exsulca 0.3 1 Lepidosperma leptostachyum 0.4 4 Lomandra sonderi 0.4 + Nuytsia floribunda 3 + 0.2 + Scaevola calliptera 0.1 + Stylidium piliferum 0.1 + Tetraria capillaris 0.3 5 Tetraria octandra 0.3 5 Xanthorrhoea preissii 1.3 5 *Aira caryophyllea 0.1 +

QT07

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 426433mE; 6312501mN

Soils clay-loam

Ground cover Bare soil 1%

Litter 10%

Condition Good - Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia extensa 1.3 + Acacia pulchella 1 2 Billardiera fusiformis 0.3 + *Briza maxima 0.1 + Cyathochaeta avenacea 0.4 20 Hakea prostrata 3 5 Hypocalymma angustifolium 0.5 5 *Hypochaeris glabra 0.2 2 Hypolaena exsulca 0.4 3 Melaleuca incana subsp. Incana 2.5 30 Patersonia occidentalis 0.3 + Xanthorrhoea preissii 1.3 10 *Aira caryophyllea 0.2 +

QT08

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 419308mE; 6319938mN

Soils sandy loam; grey-brown

Ground cover Bare soil 1%

Litter 45%

Condition Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Banksia grandis 5 8 Boronia fastigiata 0.2 + Bossiaea aquifolium 0.5 + Caladenia flava 0.2 + Eucalyptus marginata 25 35 Hibbertia commutata 0.3 1 Lasiopetalum floribundum 0.3 1 Macrozamia riedlei 0.5 4 Opercularia hispidula 0.1 + Pentapeltis peltigera 0.1 + Persoonia longifolia 4 + Phyllanthus calycinus 0.1 + Pteridium esculentum 0.8 5 Tetraria capillaris 0.3 + Xanthorrhoea gracilis 0.5 10 Neurachne alopecuroidea 0.1 +

QT09

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 419860mE; 6319586mN

Soils loam; red-brown

Ground cover Bare soil 0%

Litter 60%

Condition Good-Very Good

Fire age 2-3 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Bossiaea aquifolium 1.5 2 Caladenia flava 0.1 + Clematis pubescens 0.1 + Corymbia calophylla 30 10 Diuris sp. 0.3 + Eucalyptus marginata 30 25 Hibbertia amplexicaulis 0.2 + Hibbertia commutata 0.2 + Lagenophora huegelii 0.1 + Lasiopetalum floribundum 0.3 + Lechenaultia biloba 0.2 + Leucopogon nutans 0.2 + Macrozamia riedlei 0.8 2 Phyllanthus calycinus 0.2 5 Pteridium esculentum 1 10 Tetrarrhena laevis 0.3 + Xanthorrhoea gracilis 0.8 2

QT10

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 432063mE; 6309549mN

Soils sandy loam; brown

Ground cover Bare soil 0%

Litter 70%

Condition Excellent

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Corymbia calophylla 20 10 Desmocladus fasciculatus - - Eucalyptus marginata 20 20 Hibbertia hypericoides - - Lepidosperma leptostachyum - - Millotia sp. 0.1 + Phyllanthus calycinus - - Tetraria capillaris - -

QT11

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 432325mE; 6309340mN

Soils sandy loam; grey-brown

Ground cover Bare soil 1%

Litter 45%

Condition Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Bossiaea eriocarpa - - Caladenia sp. - - Clematis pubescens - + Corymbia calophylla 20 5 Desmocladus fasciculatus - - Eucalyptus marginata 20 20 Hakea lissocarpha - + Hibbertia hypericoides - 25 Lagenophora huegelii - - Lepidosperma leptostachyum - + Lyginia barbata - - Macrozamia riedlei - 10 Persoonia longifolia - + Phyllanthus calycinus - + Neurachne alopecuroidea - +

QT12

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 432325mE; 6309340mN

Soils sandy loam; brown

Ground cover Bare soil 1%

Litter 20%

Condition Very Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia extensa - - Bossiaea eriocarpa - - *Briza maxima - - Burchardia congesta - - Conostylis serrulata - - Corymbia calophylla 15 10 Dasypogon bromeliifolius 0.3 2 Desmocladus fasciculatus - - Eucalyptus marginata 15 15 Hibbertia hypericoides - - Hypocalymma angustifolium - - Jacksonia furcellata - - Lagenophora huegelii - - Lechenaultia biloba 0.2 + Lyginia barbata - - Macrozamia riedlei 1.5 2 Melaleuca incana subsp. Incana 25 - Patersonia occidentalis - - Persoonia longifolia 2 1 Phlebocarya ciliata 0.3 10 Thysanotus sp. - - Xanthorrhoea gracilis - - Xanthorrhoea preissii 1.5 5 Xylomelum occidentale 3 1 *Aira caryophyllea - -

RT01

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 419183mE; 6320163mN

Soils sandy loam gravel

Ground cover Bare soil 20%

Litter 5%

Condition Good

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia celastrifolia 2 5 Billardiera fusiformis 0.5 + Bossiaea aquifolium 1.5 5 Bossiaea linophylla 1.5 + Calothamnus rupestris 3 20 Corymbia calophylla 20 30 Hemigenia pritzelii 0.2 + Hibbertia commutata 0.2 10 Kennedia coccinea 0.1 +

RT02

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 420153mE; 6319327mN

Soils sandy loam gravel

Ground cover Bare soil 20%

Litter 10%

Condition Degraded

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia pulchella 0.5 + Austrostipa sp. 0.3 + Bossiaea aquifolium 2 5 Calothamnus sanguineus 2 3 Eucalyptus marginata 4 5 Hypolaena exsulca 0.2 + Lepidosperma leptostachyum 0.3 + Melaleuca incana subsp. Incana 2 3 Melaleuca trichophylla 2 3 3 10 Patersonia occidentalis 0.3 + Phlebocarya ciliata 0.3 + Phyllanthus calycinus 0.2 2 *Aira caryophyllea 0.1 +

RT03

GPS Co-ordinate 50H 437824mE; 6299625mN

Soils sandy loam; grey-brown

Ground cover Bare soil 20%

Litter 10%

Condition Degraded

Fire age >5 years

Species List

Taxon Height Cover Acacia pulchella Astartea fascicularis Billardiera fusiformis Conostylis aculeata Conostylis pusilla Hakea lissocarpha Hibbertia commutata Lechenaultia biloba Lepidosperma leptostachyum Patersonia occidentalis Pericalymma ellipticum Stylidium amoenum Thysanotus sp. Neurachne alopecuroidea

Appendix 6 Potential Black Cockatoo Breeding Trees

Tree No. Hollow Date Easting Northing Species DBH Notes No. Hollows Size (Cm)

1 25/10/2017 437591 6301453 Marri A 0 0 Trunk branches at 4 m

2 25/10/2017 437597 6301466 Jarrah A 0 0

3 25/10/2017 437594 6301481 Marri A 0 0

4 25/10/2017 437604 6301485 Marri A 0 0 5 25/10/2017 437574 6301549 Marri A 0 0 Trunk branches at 5 m 6 25/10/2017 437562 6301632 Jarrah A 0 0 Old chewed Jarrah nuts

7 25/10/2017 437556 6301695 Jarrah A 0 0

8 25/10/2017 437549 6301705 Jarrah A 0 0

9 25/10/2017 437550 6301727 Marri A 0 0

10 25/10/2017 437559 6301773 Jarrah A 0 0

11 25/10/2017 437550 6301820 Jarrah A 0 0

12 25/10/2017 437552 6301864 Marri A 0 0

13 25/10/2017 437556 6301869 Jarrah A 0 0 14 25/10/2017 437568 6301865 Marri B 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

15 25/10/2017 437571 6301862 Jarrah A 0 0

16 25/10/2017 437565 6301859 Marri A 0 0

17 25/10/2017 437544 6301881 Marri A 0 0 40 cm opening at 6 m in 18 25/10/2017 437566 6301901 Jarrah B 1 40 main truck - not clear if hollow goes in deep enough

19 25/10/2017 437541 6301978 Marri A 0 0

20 25/10/2017 437551 6301976 Marri A 0 0

21 25/10/2017 437562 6301975 Jarrah A 0 0 22 25/10/2017 437572 6301982 Jarrah A 0 0 Trunk branches at 4 m

23 25/10/2017 437558 6302001 Jarrah B 0 0

24 25/10/2017 437549 6302019 Jarrah A 0 0

25 25/10/2017 437545 6302028 Marri B 0 0

26 25/10/2017 437557 6302083 Marri A 0 0

27 25/10/2017 437541 6302152 Jarrah A 0 0

28 25/10/2017 437542 6302614 Marri A 0 0

29 25/10/2017 437544 6302647 Marri A 0 0

30 25/10/2017 437544 6302647 Marri A 0 0

31 25/10/2017 437536 6302657 Jarrah A 0 0 32 25/10/2017 437540 6302715 Marri A 0 0 33 25/10/2017 436521 6304670 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence 34 25/10/2017 436541 6304655 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

35 25/10/2017 436553 6304646 Marri A 0 0 36 25/10/2017 436605 6304591 Marri B 0 0 37 25/10/2017 436658 6304530 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

38 25/10/2017 436669 6304491 Marri A 0 0 Trunk branches at 2.5 m. 39 25/10/2017 436622 6304545 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

40 25/10/2017 436610 6304550 Jarrah A 0 0 41 25/10/2017 436596 6304565 Jarrah A 0 0

Tree No. Hollow Date Easting Northing Species DBH Notes No. Hollows Size (Cm)

42 25/10/2017 436589 6304574 Jarrah A 0 0 43 25/10/2017 436576 6304583 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence 44 25/10/2017 436553 6304607 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

45 25/10/2017 436385 6304765 Jarrah A 0 0 46 25/10/2017 436384 6304774 Jarrah A 0 0 47 25/10/2017 436339 6304818 Jarrah A 0 0 48 25/10/2017 436310 6304840 Jarrah A 0 0 49 25/10/2017 436254 6304890 Jarrah A 0 0 50 25/10/2017 436270 6304897 Jarrah A 0 0 51 25/10/2017 436341 6304909 Jarrah A 0 0 52 25/10/2017 435118 6304832 Jarrah A 0 0 53 25/10/2017 435114 6306780 Wandoo A 0 0 54 25/10/2017 435114 6306786 Wandoo A 0 0 55 25/10/2017 435108 6306786 Marri A 0 0 56 25/10/2017 435108 6306797 Jarrah A 0 0 57 25/10/2017 435097 6306793 Jarrah A 0 0 58 25/10/2017 435068 6306807 Jarrah A 0 0 59 25/10/2017 435071 6306831 Jarrah B 0 0 60 25/10/2017 435071 6306839 Marri A 0 0 61 25/10/2017 435060 6306849 Marri A 0 0 62 25/10/2017 435060 6306849 Marri A 0 0 63 25/10/2017 435044 6306866 Jarrah B 0 0 Old FRTBC foraging 64 25/10/2017 435034 6306870 Marri A 0 0 evidence Old FRTBC foraging 65 25/10/2017 435025 6306880 Marri A 0 0 evidence

66 25/10/2017 434969 6306950 Marri A 0 0 Old FRTBC foraging 67 25/10/2017 434960 6306961 Marri A 0 0 evidence

68 25/10/2017 434952 6306972 Jarrah A 0 0

69 25/10/2017 434939 6306985 Jarrah A 0 0

70 25/10/2017 434527 6306989 Jarrah A 0 0

71 25/10/2017 434527 6306989 Marri A 0 0

72 25/10/2017 434886 6307022 Jarrah A 0 0

73 25/10/2017 434886 6307022 Marri A 0 0

74 25/10/2017 434881 6307033 Marri A 0 0

75 25/10/2017 434583 6307064 Jarrah A 0 0

76 25/10/2017 434852 6307070 Jarrah B 0 0

77 25/10/2017 434826 6307084 Jarrah A 0 0

78 25/10/2017 434825 6307096 Jarrah A 0 0

79 25/10/2017 434821 6307103 Jarrah A 0 0

80 25/10/2017 434789 6307137 Marri A 0 0

81 25/10/2017 434786 6307145 Jarrah A 0 0

Tree No. Hollow Date Easting Northing Species DBH Notes No. Hollows Size (Cm)

82 25/10/2017 434786 6307145 Jarrah A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence 83 25/10/2017 434772 6307147 Marri A 0 0 in Marri

84 25/10/2017 434751 6307169 Jarrah A 0 0

85 25/10/2017 434737 6307182 Jarrah A 0 0

86 25/10/2017 434725 6307199 Marri A 0 0 87 25/10/2017 434683 6307239 Jarrah A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

88 25/10/2017 434667 6307263 Jarrah A 0 0

89 25/10/2017 434661 6307260 Jarrah B 0 0

90 25/10/2017 434635 6307287 Jarrah A 0 0 91 25/10/2017 434610 6307317 Jarrah B 0 0 Branches at 2.5 m

92 25/10/2017 434553 6307348 Jarrah B 0 0 93 25/10/2017 434554 6307365 Jarrah A 0 0 Some Banksia grandis

94 25/10/2017 434536 6307397 Jarrah A 0 0

95 25/10/2017 434371 6307561 Jarrah A 0 0

96 25/10/2017 434359 6307566 Jarrah A 0 0 97 25/10/2017 434348 6307586 Jarrah A 0 0 98 25/10/2017 434313 6307616 Jarrah A 0 0 99 25/10/2017 434308 6307628 Jarrah A 0 0 100 25/10/2017 434241 6307686 Jarrah A 0 0 Trunk splits at 1.8m. 101 25/10/2017 434240 6307693 Marri B 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

102 25/10/2017 434173 6307765 Marri A 0 0 103 25/10/2017 434157 6307773 Jarrah A 0 0 104 25/10/2017 434134 6307791 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

105 25/10/2017 434118 6307821 Jarrah A 0 0 106 25/10/2017 434069 6307869 Marri B 0 0 107 25/10/2017 434034 6307913 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

108 25/10/2017 433943 6307981 Jarrah A 0 0 109 25/10/2017 433887 6308028 Jarrah A 0 0 110 25/10/2017 433855 6308041 Marri A 0 0 111 25/10/2017 433826 6308057 Marri A 0 0 112 25/10/2017 433793 6308081 Jarrah A 0 0 113 25/10/2017 433793 6308081 Marri A 0 0 114 25/10/2017 433739 6308107 Marri A 0 0 115 25/10/2017 433698 6308127 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence

116 25/10/2017 433638 6308135 Marri A 0 0 117 25/10/2017 433630 6308139 Marri A 0 0 118 25/10/2017 433621 6308142 Jarrah A 0 0 119 25/10/2017 433530 6308159 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence 120 25/10/2017 433530 6308159 Marri A 0 0 FRTBC foraging evidence