Watching the Watchdog 2.0 TV2 English
Section 1: Coverage of Political Parties and Coalitions 1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
STAR 0.00 0.00 LDP 0.00 0.00 SAPP 0.00 0.00 PRM 0.00 0.00 PBS 0.00 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 0.00 Warisan 0.51 0.51 SUPP 0.76 0.76 PPBM 0.76 0.76 Gerakan 1.01 1.27 MIC 2.03 2.28 PH 3.29 3.54 MCA 4.05 6.08 UMNO 6.58 7.09 BN 31.14 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
• BN received the most coverage (31.14%), followed by PKR (7.09%) and UMNO (6.58%).
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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Independent 0.00
GS 8.81
BN 68.58
PH 22.61
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00
• Once parties/coalitions’ coverage volumes are combined, BN received the highest level of coverage (68.58%), followed by PH (22.61%) and GS (8.81%).
1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions Attacked 7% Positive 27%
Negative 3%
Neutral 63%
• The Neutral tone was used the most (63%), followed by Positive (27%) and Attacked (7%).
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Figure 4.1: Attacked Political Party & Coalition Coverage
STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 AMANAH 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PKR 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 PAS 0.00 MIC 0.00 MCA 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gerakan 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 PH 6.67 BN 6.67 UMNO 10.00 DAP 20.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
• DAP received the most Attacked coverage (20%), followed by UMNO (10.00%) and PH and BN (6.67%).
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Figure 4.2: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage
STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 AMANAH 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PPBM 0.00 PH 0.00 PKR 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 PAS 0.00 MIC 0.00 MCA 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gerakan 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 DAP 0.00 UMNO 25.00 BN 25.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
• UMNO and BN received equal coverage (25% each), with the other 50% being data that was unspecified (Govt and Opposition).
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Figure 5.1: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage
STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 Other 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SUPP 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PRS 0.00 PDP 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 PBB 0.00 MIC 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 AMANAH 1.87 PPBM 1.87 PKR 1.87 PAS 1.87 Gerakan 1.87 DAP 1.87 UMNO 2.80 MCA 2.80 PH 4.67 BN 49.53 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00
• BN received the most positive coverage (49.53%), followed by PH (4.67%) and MCA and UMNO (2.80%).
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Figure 5.2: Neutral Political Party & Coalition Coverage
STAR 0.00 USNO 0.00 Warisan 0.00 LDP 0.00 UPKO 0.00 SAPP 0.00 PSM 0.00 PRM 0.00 PCM 0.00 PBS 0.00 PBRS 0.00 IKATAN 0.00 Gagasan Sejahtera 0.00 PPBM 0.84 PDP 0.84 Gerakan 0.84 SUPP 1.26 PRS 1.26 PBB 1.26 AMANAH 1.68 DAP 2.94 PH 3.36 MIC 3.36 Other 3.78 MCA 5.46 UMNO 8.40 PAS 9.66 PKR 11.34 BN 26.89 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
• BN received the most Neutral coverage (26.89%), followed by PKR (11.34%) and PAS (9.66%).
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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
11.92 2.56 GS 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 Independent 0.00 0.00
26.94 19.23 PH 0.00 61.54
61.14 78.21 BN 100.00 38.46
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Neutral Positive Negative Attacked
• PH received the most Attacked coverage, while BN received the most coverage for Positive, Neutral, and Negative.
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Section 2: Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures 2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Rosmah Mansor 1.65
Liow Tiong Lai 1.65
Mahathir Mohamad 3.31
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 9.75
Najib Razak 21.32
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
• Only the top 5 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. • Out of these 5, Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion (21.32%), followed by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (9.75%).
Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
BN 38%
Others 54%
PH GS 8% 0% • When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and merged into their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitions is skewed towards Independent/ Others (54%).
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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources
S. Subramaniam 1.20
Nur Jazlan Mohamed 1.51
Mahathir Mohamad 2.71
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 9.04
Najib Razak 20.48
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
• Only the top 5 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph. • Out of these 5, Najib Razak received the most mentions by majority (20.48%%), followed by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (9.04%).
Figure 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
BN 37%
Others 59%
PH GS 4% 0%
• When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and merged into their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitions is skewed towards Independent/ Others (59%).
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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures NegativeAttacked 1% 3% Positive 21%
Neutral 75%
• Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, the neutral category was used the most often (75%), followed by the positive category (21%).
Figure 12.1: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Rosmah Mansor 14.29
Mahathir Mohamad 14.29
Najib Razak 28.57
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
• In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received the most negative coverage (28.57%), followed by both Mahathir Mohamad and Rosmah Mansor (14.29%).
Figure 12.2: Attacked Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Najib Razak 7.14
P. Ramasamy 14.29
Lim Guan Eng 14.29
Nga Kor Ming 14.29
Mahathir Mohamad 28.57
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
• Mahathir Mohamad received the most attacked coverage (28.57%), followed by Nga Kor Ming, Lim Guan Eng and P.Ramasamy (14.29% respectively).
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Figure 13.1: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Nur Jazlan Mohamed 1.67
Rosmah Mansor 1.67
Azalina Othman Said 1.67
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 12.50
Najib Razak 42.50
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00
• In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received the most positive coverage (42.5%), followed by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (12.5%).
Figure 13.2: Neutral Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Tian Chua 1.83
Liow Tiong Lai 1.83
Mahathir Mohamad 3.44
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 8.49
Najib Razak 14.68
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00
• Najib Razak received the most neutral coverage (14.68%), followed by Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (8.49%)
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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Attacked 23.53 Neutral 65.84 Negative
Others 40.00 Positive 38.21 Attacked 0.00 Neutral 0.01 GS Negative 0.00 Positive 0.00 Attacked 64.71 Neutral 0.00 PH Negative 20.00 Positive 2.44 Attacked 11.76 Neutral 33.42
BN Negative 40.00 Positive 59.35
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00
Overall, Independent/ Others and BN received equal amount of negative coverage. PH received the highest attacked coverage, Independent/ Others received highest neutral coverage, and BN received the most positive coverage.
2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative Campaigning Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' Most Often?
Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 7.69
Mahathir Mohamad 15.38
Najib Razak 53.85
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 • This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. • Najib Razak was the politicians most likely to engage in attack politics (53.85%), followed by Mahathir Mohamad (15.38%).
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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?
BN 36%
Others 60%
PH 4% GS 0%
• This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source. • Overall, Independent/ Others (60%) coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than BN (36%) and PH (4%).
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Section 3: Coverage of Issues 3.1. Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs Non-Policy Issues Figure 17: Coverage of Policy vs Non-Policy Issues
Policy Issues 39%
Non-policy Issues 61%
Note: Non-policy Issues were covered more compared to Policy Issues.
Figure 18: Policy Issues Oppressive Legislation National Security Vision 6% 3% 17% Foreign Policy 5% Environment Education 1% 6%
Economy/Development 62%
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Figure 18.1: Breakdown of Vision/Policy/Programme 1Malaysia TN50 3% 7%
Other 45%
BN Manifesto 38%
PH Manifesto 7% Note: BN Manifesto was covered more than others, with Gagasan Manifesto receiving no coverage at all.
Figure 18.2: Breakdown of Economy/Development Issue 1MDB 1% Other 26% Welfare 27%
Housing Growth 5% 5%
Inflation/GST 5% Infrastructure 31% Note: Infrastructure was the most covered, followed by Welfare. GST was not as covered as initially expected.
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Figure 19: Non-Policy Issues Electioneering Ethnicity 11% 6% Religion Democracy & Gender 1% Human Rights 1% 4%
Socioeconomic sectors 19%
Territory 58%
Note: Territory was the largest, but primarily due to the fact that any news piece that mentioned anyone from any territory was tagged with the “Territory” tag – so there may have been overlap of the data with other categories.
Figure 19.1: Breakdown of Socioeconomic Sectors Middle class/Professionals Other 1% Civil service 20% 4%
Cost of living 4%
Rural 8%
Urban Military and police 5% 58%
Note: Military and police received the most coverage, followed by Rural and Urban sectors.
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Figure 19.2: Breakdown of Territory Issues
Bangsa Johor 0
Sabah Independence 0
Sarawak Independence 0
Terengganu 7
Selangor 15
Sarawak 9
Sabah 12
Penang 15
Perlis 2
Perak 45
Pahang 16
Negeri Sembilan 7
Malacca 2
Kelantan 14
Kedah 19
Johor 28
Putrajaya 7
Labuan 2
Kuala Lumpur 23
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Note: Perak received the most coverage, followed by Johor and Kuala Lumpur. Sarawak/Sabah Independence received no coverage.
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