DOCSLIB.ORG

Transesterification of Triolein by Solid Catalysts" (2006)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transesterification of Triolein by Solid Catalysts University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Fall 2006 Transesterification of triolein yb solid catalysts Robert Coggon University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Coggon, Robert, "Transesterification of triolein by solid catalysts" (2006). Master's Theses and Capstones. 198. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/198 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRIOLEIN BY SOLID CATALYSTS BY ROBERT COGGON B.S. in Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, 2004 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering September, 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1437624 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 1437624 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This thesis has been examined and approved. P r. Thesis Director, Dr. Palligamai T. Vasudevan Professor of Chemical Engineering yikMxstk Dr. Stephe S. T. Fan Professor and Chair of Chemical Engineering Dr. Nivediyi Gupta Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to my friends and family. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Vasudevan. He has been an endless source of knowledge and support throughout my graduate and undergraduate careers at the University of New Hampshire. He was especially helpful and patient with this project. I would also like to thank Dr. Gupta and Dr. Fan for serving on my thesis committee. They have also been very helpful throughout the years. Lastly, I would like to thank my family and friends for their support. Thanks Mom, Dad, Becky, Debbie, Ed, Buddy, and Jake. Thank you April for helping me and supporting me throughout the years. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION..................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES.............................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................x CHAPTER PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................6 2.1 Introduction........................... 6 2.2 Sources of Triglycerides................... 8 2.3 Catalyst ......................................................................................10 2.3.1 Base Catalysts ................................................. 10 2.3.2 Acid Catalysts ..................... 12 2.3.3 Enzymatic Transesterification .......................... 12 2.3.4 Solid Catalysts .........................................................................15 2.4 Acyl Acceptors ....................................................................... 16 2.5 Solvents ...............................................................................................17 3. EXPERIMENTAL.................................................................................... 21 3.1 Materials.............................................................................................. 21 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 3.1.1 Lipase Catalyzed Reaction.. ..................................................21 3.1.2 Sugar Catalyst Synthesis ...................................................... 22 3.2 Analytical Method................................... .22 3.3 Experimental Setup...........................................................................24 3.3.1 Transesterification Reaction................................ 24 3.3.2 Ultrasonic Agitation ..........................................................25 3.3.3 Sugar Catalyst Synthesis Configuration ............................... 25 3.4 Reaction Procedure...........................................................................26 3.4.1 Sugar Catalyst Reaction Procedure ..................................... 28 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...........................................................29 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................29 4.2 GC Analysis........................................................................................30 4.3 Split Plot Design ................................................................................ 35 4.4 Effect of Solvent .................... 38 4.5 Methanolysis in a Solvent Free Media ........................................... 42 4.6 Ethanol as the Acyl Acceptor..........................................................44 4.7 Feasibility Studies with Sugar Catalyst.........................................47 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................... 53 5.1 Conclusions ....................................................................................... 53 5.2 Recommendations................................. 55 REFERENCES...,...................... .....57 APPENDICES.............................. 60 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPENDIX A Calibration Curves and Standards ................................61 APPENDIX B JMP IN Report for Split Plot Experiment...................... 64 APPENDIX C Calculated Yield from Studies.........................................69 APPENDIX D Sample Calculations..................... 72 vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Summary of split plot experiment................................ 26 Table 4.1 Effect of process conditions on transesterification of olive oil............................................................................ 34 Table 4.2 Yield of methyl oleate in split plot design............................. 36 viii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Diagram of stainless steel reactor............................................... 24 Figure 4.1 Chromatograms demonstrating methyl oleate formation....... 31 Figure 4.2 Chromatograms demonstrating ethyl oleate formation...........33 Figure 4.3 Effect of solvent on methanolysis of triolein............................. 39 Figure 4.4 Rate of methyl oleate formation versus time for paraffinic solvents ............................................................................... 40 Figure 4.5 Rate of methyl oleate formation for methyl acetate and hexane................................................................................................40 Figure 4.6 Yield versus time of methanolysis of triolein in a solvent free media................................................... 42 Figure 4.7 Rate of formation of methyl oleate in a solvent free media compared to hexane........................................................................ 43 Figure 4.8 Ethanolysis of triolein in hexane and a solvent free media.....45 Figure 4.9 Rate of ethyl oleate formation in hexane and a solvent free media................................................................................................. 46 Figure 4.10 Sugar catalyst methanolysis of triolein and olive oil............... 48 Figure 4.11 Sugar catalyzed ethanolysis of triolein....................................... 49 Figure 4.12 Chromatograms demonstrating methyl oleate formation by esterification of oleic acid................................... 51 Figure 4.13 Yield versus time for esterification of oleic acid....................... 52 ix Reproduced with permission of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of the Lipase Inhibitor Orlistat and of Dietary Lipid on the Absorption Of
    Downloaded from https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19950090 British Journal of Nutrition (1995), 73, 851-862 851 https://www.cambridge.org/core Effect of the lipase inhibitor orlistat and of dietary lipid on the absorption of radiolabelled triolein, tri-y-linolenin and tripalmitin in mice BY DOROTHEA ISLER, CHRISTINE MOEGLEN, NIGEL GAINS AND MARCEL K. MEIER . IP address: Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland (Received 8 November 1993 - Revised 12 September 1994 - Accepted 7 October 1994) 170.106.40.139 Orlistat, a selective inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipases, was used to investigate triacylglycerol absorption. Using mice and a variety of emulsified dietary lipids we found that the absorption of , on radiolabelled tripalmitin (containing the fatty acid 16: 0), but not of triolein (18 :ln-9) or tri-y-linolenin 27 Sep 2021 at 17:57:17 (18:3n-6), was incomplete from meals rich in esterified palmitate. Further, the absorption of radiolabelled triq-linolenin, from both saturated and unsaturated dietary triacylglycerols, was 1.3- to 2 fold more potently inhibited by orlistat than that of triolein and tripalmitin. These radiolabelled triacylglycerols, which have the same fatty acid in all three positions, may not always be accurate markers of the absorption of dietary triacylglycerols. Orlistat was more effective at inhibiting the absorption of radiolabelled triacylglycerols with which it was codissolved than those added separately, , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at which indicates that equilibration between lipid phases in the stomach may not always be complete. The saturation of the dietary lipid had little or no effect on the potency of orlistat.
    [Show full text]
  • Triglyceride Transesterification in Heterogeneous Reaction System with Calcium Oxide As Catalyst
    Rev. Fac. Ing. Univ. Antioquia N.° 57 pp. 7-13. Enero, 2011 Triglyceride transesterification in heterogeneous reaction system with calcium oxide as catalyst Transesterificación de triglicéridos en el sistema de reacción heterogénea con óxido de calcio como catalizador Mónica Becerra Ortega, Aristóbulo Centeno Hurtado, Sonia Azucena Giraldo Duarte* Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (CICAT). Escuela de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS). Carrera 27 Calle 9. Bucaramanga. Colombia (Recibido el 03 de febrero de 2010. Aceptado el 15 de octubre de 2010) Abstract In this work, the behavior of the CaO as a potential catalyst for the transesterification of triglyceride towards biodiesel production was studied. The effect of the alcohol type, the ratio of alcohol/triacetin, the amount of catalyst, and the chain length of triglyceride on the catalytic behavior of CaO was analyzed. Total conversion was obtained at room temperature with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to triacetin over 1% of CaO, after 1 h. It was demonstrated that the whole reaction occurs in heterogeneous phase. During five reaction cycles the CaO maintained a high catalytic activity, showing its good stability. Additionally, it was established that the length of the triglyceride used influenced the transesterification reaction yield due to the steric hindrances and diffusional limitations in the fluid phase. ----- Keywords: Biodiesel, triacetin, basic catalysis, triolein Resumen En este trabajo se estudió el comportamiento del CaO como potencial catalizador en la transesterificación de trigliceridos para la producción de biodiesel. Se analizó el efecto del tipo de alcohol, la relación molar alcohol/triacetina, la cantidad de catalizador y el tamaño de la cadena del triglicérido sobre su comportamiento catalítico.
    [Show full text]
  • Properties of Fatty Acids in Dispersions of Emulsified Lipid and Bile Salt and the Significance of These Properties in Fat Absorption in the Pig and the Sheep
    Downloaded from Br. y. Nutr. (1969), 23, 249 249 https://www.cambridge.org/core Properties of fatty acids in dispersions of emulsified lipid and bile salt and the significance of these properties in fat absorption in the pig and the sheep BY C. P. FREEMAN . IP address: Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford (Received I July 1968-Accepted 25 October 1968) 170.106.35.76 I. The behaviour of fatty acids in dilute bile salt solution and in dispersions of triglyceride in bile salt solution was examined. The properties of fatty acids in bile salt solution were defined in terms of their saturation ratio, and of the critical micellar concentration of bile , on salt for each fatty acid as solute. The partition of fatty acids between the oil phase and the micellar phase of the dispersions was defined as the distribution coefficient K M/O. The 25 Sep 2021 at 20:48:57 phases were separated by ultracentrifugation. 2. Of the fatty acids examined, palmitic and stearic acids behaved in bile salt solution as typical non-polar solutes. Lauric, oleic and linoleic acids had properties similar to typical amphiphiles. The effectiveness of these and other amphiphiles was expressed in terms of an amphiphilic index. 3. The trans-fatty acids, vaccenic acid and linolelaidic acid possessed solubility properties similar to their &-isomers. The properties of elaidic acid were intermediate between those , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at of the non-polar and the amphiphilic solutes. 4. The distribution coefficients of fatty acids differed less significantly than their solubilities in bile salt solution, but were influenced to some extent by the composition of the oil phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Differences in Labelled Triolein Turnover After Oral Administration Between
    Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core British Journal of Nutrition (2005), 93, 53–58 DOI: 10.1079/BJN20041296 q The Authors 2005 Differences in labelled triolein turnover after oral administration between . IP address: liver and adipose tissue of rats 170.106.33.42 Nobuko Iritani*, Tomoe Kimura, Hitomi Fukuda and Tomomi Sugimoto Faculty of Human and Cultural Studies, Tezukayama Gakuin University, 4-Cho, Harumidai, Sakai, Osaka 590-0113, Japan , on (Received 9 March 2004 – Revised 26 July 2004 – Accepted 7 September 2004) 28 Sep 2021 at 13:35:15 To investigate exogenous triacylglycerol turnover, the time courses for labelled triolein in the liver, plasma and epididymal adipose tissue (adipose tissue) after oral administration to rats fed a fat-free or 10 % corn oil diet for 3 d after fasting overnight were examined for 10 d. After the administration of labelled triolein to rats fed the fat-free diet, the incorporation (dpm/g) into total lipids of the liver and adipose tissue each reached the maximum in 8 h and was seven times higher in the adipose tissue than in the liver. The half-lives of total lipid radioactivities during the decreasing phases were 0·39 and 2·58 d, respectively, , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at in the rapid and slow phases of the decay curve in the liver, and 4·78 d in only one phase of the adipose tissue. Radioactivity after administration of labelled triolein was mostly found in the oleic acid in the tissues. The half-life of oleic acid was 3·92 d in the adipose tissues.
    [Show full text]
  • GRAS Notice 892, Refined Shea Butter
    GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 892 https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/gras-notice-inventory AAK 7 November 2019 Dr. Paulette Gaynor Office of Food Additive Safety (HFS-200) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) Food and Drug Administration 5001 Campus Drive OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITIVE SAFETY College Park, MD 20740 USA Dear Dr. Gaynor: Re: GRAS Notice for Shea Butter In accordance with 21 CFR §170 Subpart E consisting of§§ 170.203 through 170.285, AAK USA Inc. (499 Thornall Street, Edison, NJ), as the notifier, is submitting one hard copy and one electronic copy (on CD), of all data and information supporting the company's conclusion that refined Shea butter and its fractionated derivative products (e.g., shea olein and shea stearin), are GRAS on the basis of scientific procedures, for use in specified food and beverage products across multiple categories; these food uses of Shea butter are therefore not subject to the premarket approval requirements of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Information setting forth the basis for AAK's GRAS conclusions also are enclosed for review by the agency. I certify that the enclosed electronic files were scanned for viruses prior to submission and are thus certified as being virus-free using Symantec Endpoint Protection 12.1.5. Should you have any questions or concerns regarding this GRAS notice, please do not hesitate to contact me at any point during the review process so that we may provide a response in a timely manner. Sincerely, James S. Jones, Ph.D. Vice President Customer Innovation AAK USA Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation of High-Purity Trilinolein and Triolein by Enzymatic
    Journal of Oleo Science Copyright ©2019 by Japan Oil Chemists’ Society doi : 10.5650/jos.ess18142 J. Oleo Sci. 68, (2) 159-165 (2019) Preparation of High-Purity Trilinolein and Triolein by Enzymatic Esterification Reaction Combined with Column Chromatography Beibei Zhao1, Hua Li1, Tao Lan2, Di Wu1, Li Pan1, and Zhicheng Chen1,＊ 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, CHINA 2 China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, CHINA Abstract: High-purity trilinolein and triolein were prepared by Novozym 435-catalyzed esterification reaction combined with column chromatography purification in this study. Firstly, linoleic acid and oleic acid were respectively extracted from safflower seed oil and camellia seed oil by urea adduct method. Secondly, trilinolein and triolein were synthesized through Novozym 435 catalyzed esterification of glycerol and fatty acids. The best synthesis conditions were obtained as follows: reaction temperature 100℃, residual pressure 0.9 kPa, enzyme dosage 6%, molar ratio of glycerol to linoleic acid 1:3 and reaction time 8 h. Crude trilinolein and triolein were further purified by silica gel column chromatography. Finally, high- purity trilinolein (95.43±0.97%) and triolein (93.07±1.05%) were obtained. Key words: trilinolein, triolein, enzymatic, esterification, high-purity 1 Introduction glycerides, such as monoglyceride（MAG）and diglyceride Trilinolein and triolein are important chemical and phar- （DAG）8－10）. Chemical structures of TAG, MAG and DAG maceutical raw materials1）. Trilinolein can be used as lubri- were shown in Fig. 1. Liu studied the optimal synthesis cants in the textile industry, and smoothing agent in metal conditions for enzymatic esterification synthesis of triglyc- processing industry.
    [Show full text]
  • A Simple Method for the Detection of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in an Anaerobic Digestate Using a Quartz Crystal Sensor
    energies Article A Simple Method for the Detection of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in an Anaerobic Digestate Using a Quartz Crystal Sensor Takuro Kobayashi 1,*, Hidetoshi Kuramochi 1, Kouji Maeda 2 and Kaiqin Xu 1,3 1 Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; [email protected] (H.K.); [email protected] (K.X.) 2 School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2201, Japan; [email protected] 3 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-29-850-2110 Academic Editor: Talal Yusaf Received: 20 September 2016; Accepted: 15 December 2016; Published: 24 December 2016 Abstract: In anaerobic digestion (AD), long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) produced by hydrolysis of lipids, exhibit toxicity against microorganisms when their concentration exceeds several millimolar. An absorption detection system using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was developed to monitor the LCFA concentration during an anaerobic digester’s operation treating oily organic waste. The dissociation of the LCFAs considerably improved the sensor response and, moreover, enabled it to specifically detect LCFA from the mixture of LCFA and triglyceride. Under alkaline conditions, the frequency-shift rates of the QCM sensor linearly increased in accordance with palmitic acid concentration in the range of 0–100 mg/L. Frequency changes caused by anaerobic digestate samples were successfully measured after removing suspended solids and adjusting the pH to 10.7. Finally, the QCM measurements for digestate samples demonstrated that frequency-shift rates are highly correlated with LCFA concentrations, which confirmed that the newly developed QCM sensor is helpful for LCFA monitoring in terms of rapidness and usability.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Intravenous Infusions of Triglycerides on the Secretion of Milk Fat in the Cow
    Downloaded from Br. J. Xutr. (1969),23, 157 I57 https://www.cambridge.org/core The effects of intravenous infusions of triglycerides on the secretion of milk fat in the cow BY J. E. STORRY, B. TUCKLEY AND A. J. HALL National Institute for Research in Dairying, Shinjield, Reading . IP address: (Received 25 July 1968-Accepted 26 September 1968) 170.106.35.234 I. Artificial emulsions of nine synthetic triglycerides ranging from tripropionin to triolein were given as continuous infusions into the jugular vein of lactating cows for periods of z days. The effects of these infusions on the composition of blood lipids and on the secretion of the component fatty acids in milk were examined. 2. Tricaproin, tricaprylin, tripelargonin, tricaprin, trilaurin, trimyristin and triolein, in , on contrast to tripropionin and tributyrin, increased the yields in milk of the acid contained in the triglyceride. The increased yield of acid was positively correlated with chain length of the 01 Oct 2021 at 03:45:40 infused triglyceride, and with triglycerides above tricaprin the transfer of fatty acid to milk was sufficiently large to give consistently increased yields of total milk fat. 3. The infusions increased the concentrations in blood plasma of cholesterol, phospholipid and in some experiments also of triglyceride. Concentrations of these lipids returned to normal by z days after the infusion. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma triglycerides were not affected by the infusion of triglycerides up to tripelargonin but with triglycerides longer than this the plasma triglycerides were altered in composition towards that of the infused triglyceride. , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds From
    foods Article Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from Prunus armeniaca L. Kernel Extracts Soukaina Hrichi 1, Francesca Rigano 2,* , Raja Chaabane-Banaoues 3, Yassine Oulad El Majdoub 2, Domenica Mangraviti 2, Davide Di Marco 4, Hamouda Babba 3, Paola Dugo 2,4, Luigi Mondello 2,4,5,6, Zine Mighri 1 and Francesco Cacciola 7 1 Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (Z.M.) 2 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (Y.O.E.M.); [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (P.D.); [email protected] (L.M.) 3 Laboratory of Medical and molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; [email protected] (R.C.-B.); [email protected] (H.B.) 4 Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; [email protected] 5 Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy 6 BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy 7 Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 May 2020; Accepted: 6 June 2020; Published: 8 July 2020 Abstract: Apart from its essential oil, Prunus armeniaca L.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Fatty Acid Composition of Ungerminated and Germinated Seeds of Capsicum Annuum L
    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015, 5(5):74-80 ISSN: 2248 –9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Studies on the fatty acid composition of ungerminated and germinated seeds of Capsicum annuum L. and Aframomum melequeta K. Schumm 1*Imo R. Udosen, 2Godwin J. Esenowo and 3Sunday M. Sam 1Department of Biology, Akwa Ibom State College of Education, Afaha Nsit, Etinan L.G. Area 2Department of Botany and Ecological Studies, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State 3Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The fatty acid contents of ungerminated and germinated seeds of Capsicum annuum and Aframomummelequeta were studied. The fatty acid component of ungerminated Capsicum annuum seeds were cholesteryl heptadecanoate (C17.0), 1, 3-dipalmistin 2-stearin (C16.0, C18.0), trilinolein acid (C18.1), tristearin (C18.0) and triIinoleic acid (C18.1), triolein (C18.1) and trilinolenic acid (C18.3) while those of germinated Capsicum annuum were cholesteryl myristate (C14.0), chotesteryl palmitate (C14.0), trimyristin (C14.0), cholesteryl palmitate (C16.0), cholestryl heptadecanoate (C17.0), 1, 3-dipalmitin 2-stearin (C160, C18.0), tristearin (C18.0), cholesteryl stearate (C18.0), trilinoleic (C18.2). The fatty acid components of ungerminated seeds of Aframomum melequeta were trimyristin (C14.0), cholesteryl palmistate (C16.0), 1, 2-dipalmitin (C16.0), cholesteryl heptadicanoate (C17.0), 1,3- dipalmitin 2-stearin (C16.0, C18.0), trilinoleic (C18.2), trioleic (C18.1) and tristearin (C18.3) while those of germinated seeds of Aframomum melequeta are choIestryl heptadecanoate (C17.0), tripalmitin (C16.0), 1, 2-dipalmitin (C16.0), 1,3- dipalmitin 2-stearin (C16.0, C18.0), tristearin (C18.0), trioleic (C18.1), trilinoleic (C18.2), trilinoleic (C18.3), and n-hexa-triacontanne (C36).
    [Show full text]
  • US 2012/0052539 A1 Favre Et Al
    US 20120052539A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0052539 A1 FaVre et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 1, 2012 (54) PROCESS FOR MAKING ATRIGLYCERIDE (30) Foreign Application Priority Data COMPOSITION May 11, 2009 (EP) .................................. O9251287.0 (76) Inventors: Thomas Louis Francois Favre, AZ Wormerveer (NL); Henry Kos, AZ Publication Classification Wormerveer (NL); Krishnadath (51) Int. Cl. Bhaggan, AZ Wormerveer (NL); CI2P 7/64 (2006.01) Sylvain Jacques Fages, Orbe (CH) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 435/134 (21) Appl. No.: 13/319,403 (57) ABSTRACT (22) PCT Filed: May 10, 2010 A process for preparing a triglyceride composition compris ing from 50 to 80% by weight StC)Stand from 5 to 20% by (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP201 O/OO2865 weight StCO comprises reacting triolein with stearic acid in the presence of a 1.3-specific lipase from Rhizopus Oryzae to S371 (c)(1), form interesterified glycerides and fractionating the interest (2), (4) Date: Nov. 8, 2011 erified triglycerides. US 2012/0052539 A1 Mar. 1, 2012 PROCESS FOR MAKING ATRIGLYCERIDE O010 Seriburietal, JAOCS, vol 75, no 4, 1998, 511-516 COMPOSITION discloses the transesterification of triolein and Stearic acid using lipases from Rhizomucor miehei or Candida antarctica. (0011 U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,598 discloses an enzymatic pro 0001. This invention relates to a process for making a cess for interesterification of fats and oils using distillation. triglyceride composition and to the composition obtainable There is no disclosure of an example for producing StGStand by the process. the only mention of the production of this triglyceride is 0002 Triglycerides comprise three fatty acid moieties starting from a stearic acid ester.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiment 12 –Lipids Structures of Common Fatty Acids
    Experiment 12 –Lipids Lipids are a class of biological molecules that are insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar solvents. There are many different categories of lipids and each category has different components present in its structure. Fatty acids are components of many types of lipids. Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with very long hydrocarbon chains, usually 12-18 carbon atoms long. Even though these carboxylic acids can hydrogen bond with water, they are insoluble because of the length of their hydrocarbon chains. Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated. A saturated fatty acid contains no carbon-carbon double bonds, so it is “saturated” with hydrogen. Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more cis double bonds. (Very few naturally occurring fatty acids contain trans double bonds.) The presence of cis double bonds has an important effect on the melting point of the fatty acid. Cis double bonds form rigid kinks in the fatty acid chains (remember that there is no rotation around a double bond), and the result is that unsaturated fatty acids can not line up very well to give a regularly arranged crystal structure. Saturated fatty acids, on the other hand, line up in a very regular manner. The result of this is that saturated fatty acids have high melting points and are usually solids at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids, however, have low melting points and are usually liquids at room temperature. The names, structures, and melting points of some common fatty acids are shown in the table below. Structures of Common
    [Show full text]