The Orientations of the Giza Pyramids and Associated Structures
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PYRAMIDS and ZIGGURATS AS the ARCHITECTONIC REPRESENTATIONS of the ARCHETYPE of the COSMIC MOUNTAIN. Part I
I Andrzej WIERCINSKI, Warszawa PYRAMIDS AND ZIGGURATS AS THE ARCHITECTONIC REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ARCHETYPE OF THE COSMIC MOUNTAIN. Part I "Is there a man of you who by anxious thought can add a cubit to the age of his life? "(The Gospel of St. Matthew, 6, 27, according to Greek text) 1. Explanation of the problem The astrobiological religion played the role of a main ideological system which regulated societies of the formative-theocratic phase of cultural development of mankind which was distinguished by the rise of cultic centers of the monumental architecture. The latter ones were the cores of early urbanisation process. This religion has precised a model of the world with well defined position of man within it, and the sense of his activities. Its essence consisted of a dynamical and informational principle of transformation of an Absolute One into pairs of polarised opposites which, in turn, create an universal frame of reference of Cardinal Points organizing the time-spatial order of rhythmically repeating and mutually synchron ised cosmic, biological and socio-cultural processes and, at last, the psychic processes of the human individual. All these was vivified, personificated and deified ( for the main assumtions of the model see: A. Wiercinski, 19761 ). The astrobiological model of the world and man was statically patterned in mutually equivalent, due to a symbolical analogisation, archetypical (in Jungian sense) and iconic-numerical representations. Among them, the main position has been occupied by: the Cosmic Mountain, the Cosmic Tree � Cosmic Ladder � Cosmic Pillar, the Mandala, the Cosmic Man� man as Microcosmos and, © Del documento, los autores. -
Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15:2, 2005
Location of the Old Kingdom Pyramids in Egypt Miroslav Bârta The principal factors influencing the location of the Old Kingdom pyramids in Egypt are reconsidered. The decisive factors influencing their distribution over an area of c. eighty kilometres were essentially of economic, géomorphologie, socio-political and unavoidably also of religious nature. Primary importance is to be attributed to the existence of the Old Kingdom capital of Egypt, Memphis, which was a central place with regard to the Old Kingdom pyramid fields. Its economic potential and primacy in the largely redistribution- driven state economy sustained construction of the vast majority of the pyramid complexes in its vicinity. The location of the remaining number of the Old Kingdom pyramids, including many of the largest ever built, is explained using primarily archaeological evidence. It is claimed that the major factors influencing their location lie in the sphere of general trends governing ancient Egyptian society of the period. For millennia, megaliths and monumental arts were pyramids see Edwards 1993; Fakhry 1961; Hawass commissioned by the local chieftains and later by the 2003; Lehner 1997; Stadelmann 1985; 1990; Vallogia kings of Egypt. The ideological reasons connected 2001; Verner 2002; Dodson 2003). The reasons that may with the construction and symbolism of the pyra be put forward to explain their location and arrange mids were manifold, and in most cases obvious: the ment are numerous but may be divided into two basic manifestation of power, status and supremacy over groups: practical and religious. It will be argued that the territory and population, the connection with the whereas the general pattern in the distribution of the sacred world and the unlimited authority of the rulers pyramid sites may be due mainly to practical reasons, (O'Connor & Silverman 1995). -
Egypt and the Egyptians
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-61689-8 - Egypt and the Egtptians, Second Edition Douglas J. Brewer and Emily Teeter Frontmatter More information Egypt and the Egyptians Surveying more than three thousand years of Egyptian civilization, Egypt and the Egyptians offers a comprehensive introduction to this most rich and complex of early societies. From high politics to the concerns of everyday Egyptians, the book explores every aspect of Egyptian culture and society, including religion, language, art, architecture, cities, and mummification. Archaeological and doc- umentary sources are combined to give the reader a unique and expansive view of a remarkable ancient culture. Fully revised and updated, this new edition looks more closely at the role of women in Egypt, delves deeper into the Egyptian Neolithic and Egypt’s transi- tion to an agricultural society, and includes many new illustrations. Written for students and the general reader, and including an extensive bibliography, a glossary, a dynastic chronology and suggestions for further reading, this richly illustrated book is an essential resource for anybody wishing to explore the society and civilization of ancient Egypt. douglas j. brewer is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Illi- nois, Urbana, and Director of the Spurlock Museum. He is the author of numer- ous books and articles on Egypt covering topics from domestication to cultural change and the environment. He has over twenty-five years’ experience of field- work in Egypt and is currently co-director of the excavations at Mendes. emily teeter is an Egyptologist and Research Associate at the Oriental Insti- tute, University of Chicago. -
2022 Standard
EGYPT Cairo, Aswan, Nile River Cruise, Luxor, Sharm El Sheikh Egypt AFRICA & ASIA PACIFIC | Cairo, Aswan, Nile River Cruise, Luxor, Sharm El Sheikh Season: 2022 Standard 10 DAYS 25 MEALS 22 SITES Take an epic Adventures by Disney vacation to Egypt, where you’ll marvel at the gilded treasures of King Tutankhamun and the Great Pyramids at Giza, explore the sprawling capital of Cairo, visit magnificent destinations along the Nile River and bask on the beaches at Sharm El Sheikh along the Red Sea. You’ll be awed by the storied history of the people, places and cultures of this ancient country. EGYPT Cairo, Aswan, Nile River Cruise, Luxor, Sharm El Sheikh Trip Overview 10 DAYS / 9 NIGHTS ACCOMMODATIONS 5 LOCATIONS The Nile Ritz-Carlton, Cairo Cairo, Aswan, Nile River M/S Tulip Cruise, Luxor, Sharm El Sheikh Coral Sea Sensatori Resort AGES FLIGHT INFORMATION 25 MEALS Minimum Age: 6 Arrive: Cairo International 9 Breakfasts, 8 Lunches, 8 Suggested Age: 8+ Airport (CAI) Dinners Adult Exclusive: Ages 18+ Return: Cairo International Airport (CAI) All Internal Flights Included EGYPT Cairo, Aswan, Nile River Cruise, Luxor, Sharm El Sheikh DAY 1 CAIRO Activities Highlights: No Meals Included Arrive in Cairo The Nile Ritz-Carlton, Cairo Arrive in Cairo ‘Ahlaan Wasahlaan Bikum! Upon your arrival at Cairo International Airport, Adventures by Disney Guests will be escorted to a VIP lounge while your passports are processed and your luggage is reclaimed. You will then be taken to your waiting vehicles for transfer to the hotel, The Nile Ritz-Carlton, Cairo. The Nile Ritz-Carlton, Cairo Bask in the elegance that surrounds you in this luxury hotel that offers world-class services and amenities that are fit for a pharaoh. -
Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum
Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators this is max size of image at 200 dpi; the sil is low res and for the comp only. if approved, needs to be redone carefully American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts © 2006 American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum. All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational American Federation of Arts purposes. 212.988.7700 800.232.0270 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes exhibition catalogues, and interim address: develops education programs. 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1514 New York, NY 10168 after April 1, 2007: 305 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x26 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary to Date Oklahoma City Museum of Art Oklahoma City, Oklahoma September 7–November 26, 2006 The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens Jacksonville, Florida December 22, 2006–March 18, 2007 North Carolina Museum of Art Raleigh, North Carolina April 15–July 8, 2007 Albuquerque Museum of Art and History Albuquerque, New Mexico November 16, 2007–February 10, 2008 Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art, History and Science Fresno, California March 7–June 1, 2008 Design/Production: Susan E. -
The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt by History.Com, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 08.01.17 Word Count 765 Level 870L
The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 08.01.17 Word Count 765 Level 870L The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called the Pyramid of Khufu or Cheops, is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now Cairo, Egypt. The Great Pyramid was originally covered by casing stones that formed a smooth outer surface. Photo: Jerome Bon/Wikimedia Commons The pyramids of Egypt are among history's greatest buildings. A pyramid is a building with four triangle-shaped sides and a square base. The peak of pyramid building began late in Egypt's third dynasty. It continued until about the sixth, around 2325 B.C. In ancient Egypt, a dynasty was a period where all of the rulers were from a single family. The Egyptian pyramids are still a sight to see. They give us a peek into the country’s rich and glorious past. The Pharaoh in Egyptian Society During the third and fourth dynasties, Egypt prospered greatly. Kings, or pharaohs, held a special position in Egyptian society. They were believed to have been chosen by the gods. Ancient Egyptians believed that when the pharaoh died, part of his spirit remained with his body. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. 1 To properly care for his spirit, his body was mummified. Everything the king would need in the afterlife was buried with him. This included gold bowls and cups, food, furniture and other offerings. The Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for their pharaohs. -
On the Decorrelated Fast Cipher (DFC) and Its Theory
On the Decorrelated Fast Cipher (DFC) and Its Theory Lars R. Knudsen and Vincent Rijmen ? Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen Abstract. In the first part of this paper the decorrelation theory of Vaudenay is analysed. It is shown that the theory behind the propo- sed constructions does not guarantee security against state-of-the-art differential attacks. In the second part of this paper the proposed De- correlated Fast Cipher (DFC), a candidate for the Advanced Encryption Standard, is analysed. It is argued that the cipher does not obtain prova- ble security against a differential attack. Also, an attack on DFC reduced to 6 rounds is given. 1 Introduction In [6,7] a new theory for the construction of secret-key block ciphers is given. The notion of decorrelation to the order d is defined. Let C be a block cipher with block size m and C∗ be a randomly chosen permutation in the same message space. If C has a d-wise decorrelation equal to that of C∗, then an attacker who knows at most d − 1 pairs of plaintexts and ciphertexts cannot distinguish between C and C∗. So, the cipher C is “secure if we use it only d−1 times” [7]. It is further noted that a d-wise decorrelated cipher for d = 2 is secure against both a basic linear and a basic differential attack. For the latter, this basic attack is as follows. A priori, two values a and b are fixed. Pick two plaintexts of difference a and get the corresponding ciphertexts. -
Cairo-Luxor-Aswan-Ci
Cairo, Luxor & Aswan City Package 6 Days – 5 Nights Daily Arrivals Motorboating on the Nile, Aswan Limited to 12 participants Day 3: Cairo / Luxor to see the Temple of Isis and the Aswan High Early morning flight to Luxor; transfer to Dam. Optional extra night in Aswan is available; Tour Includes: your hotel. Morning tour the Valley of the please inquire. Overnight in Aswan. (B.L) • Flights within Egypt as per Itinerary Kings containing the secretive tombs of New Kingdom Pharaohs; enter the Tomb Day 5: Aswan / Cairo • Choice of Deluxe Hotel Plans c Return flight to Cairo. Balance of day at ai • Meals: Buffet Breakfast Daily, of Tutankhamen. Continue to the famed leisure, or take an optional tour to Abu , and R 3 Lunches. 1 Dinner on the Nile Colossi of Memnon Temple of Queen Hatshepsut. After lunch, visit the vast Simbel (See Page 23 for details). Overnight o, • All Transfers as indicated Karnak Temple-Complex, Avenue of the in Cairo. (B) l • Sightseeing with Egyptologist Guide uxo Sphinxes and the imposing Temple of Day 6: En Route by Exclusive IsramBeyond Services Luxor. Evening: Optional Sound & Light • All Entrance Fees to Sites as indicated Show at the Temple of Karnak ($75 per Transfer to the airport for your departure flight. R • Visa for Egypt (USA & Canadian person based on 2 participants, please (B) & Passports only) reserve at time of booking). (B.L) EXTEND YOUR STAY! a Day 4: Luxor / Edfu / Aswan Optional extra night in Aswan is swan Highlights: Depart Luxor driving to the Temple of Horus highly recommended; or extend • Panoramic “Cairo by Night” Tour & at Edfu, the best preserved of all large your tour to Sharm el-Sheikh on Dinner on the Nile Egyptian temples before continuing to the Red Sea, Alexandria, Jordan or c • Entrance to one of the Great Pyramids Aswan, Egypt’s southernmost city. -
Report on the AES Candidates
Rep ort on the AES Candidates 1 2 1 3 Olivier Baudron , Henri Gilb ert , Louis Granb oulan , Helena Handschuh , 4 1 5 1 Antoine Joux , Phong Nguyen ,Fabrice Noilhan ,David Pointcheval , 1 1 1 1 Thomas Pornin , Guillaume Poupard , Jacques Stern , and Serge Vaudenay 1 Ecole Normale Sup erieure { CNRS 2 France Telecom 3 Gemplus { ENST 4 SCSSI 5 Universit e d'Orsay { LRI Contact e-mail: [email protected] Abstract This do cument rep orts the activities of the AES working group organized at the Ecole Normale Sup erieure. Several candidates are evaluated. In particular we outline some weaknesses in the designs of some candidates. We mainly discuss selection criteria b etween the can- didates, and make case-by-case comments. We nally recommend the selection of Mars, RC6, Serp ent, ... and DFC. As the rep ort is b eing nalized, we also added some new preliminary cryptanalysis on RC6 and Crypton in the App endix which are not considered in the main b o dy of the rep ort. Designing the encryption standard of the rst twentyyears of the twenty rst century is a challenging task: we need to predict p ossible future technologies, and wehavetotake unknown future attacks in account. Following the AES pro cess initiated by NIST, we organized an op en working group at the Ecole Normale Sup erieure. This group met two hours a week to review the AES candidates. The present do cument rep orts its results. Another task of this group was to up date the DFC candidate submitted by CNRS [16, 17] and to answer questions which had b een omitted in previous 1 rep orts on DFC. -
PDF Fulltext
BENHA VETERINARY MEDICAL JOURNAL, VOL. 23, NO. 1, JUNE 2012: 123- 130 BENHA UNIVERSITY BENHA VETERINARY MEDICAL JOURNAL FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE PREVALENCE OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS (BVDV) IN CATTLE FROM SOME GOVERNORATES IN EGYPT. El-Bagoury G.F.a, El-Habbaa A.S.a, Nawal M.A.b and Khadr K.A.c aVirology Dept., Fac. Vet. Med., Benha University, Benha, bAnimal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki- c Giza, General Organization for Veterinary Medicine (GOVS), Dokki-Giza, Egypt. A B S T R A C T Diagnosis of the BVDV infection among suspected and apparently healthy cattle at Kaluobia, Giza, Menofeia and Gharbia governorates was done by detection of prevalence of BVD antibodies. A total number of 151/151(100%) and 97/151 (62.25%) of examined sera were positive for BVD antibodies using serum neutralization test (SNT) and competitive immunoenzymatic assay (cIEA), respectively. Examined sera with cIEA detected antibodies against BVDV non structral proteins P80/P125. Detection of BVDV in buffy coat samples using antigen capture ELISA showed that 22/151(14.56%) of the samples were positive for BVDV. Isolation and biotyping of suspected BVDV from buffy coat on MDBK cell line showed that 19/22 of ELISA positive buffy coat samples were cytopathogenic BVDV biotype (cpBVDV) while only 3/22 samples were CPE negative suggesting a non- cytopathogenic BVDV (ncpBVDV) biotype. Inoculated cell culture with no CPE were subjected to IFAT and IPMA using specific antisera against BVDV revealed positive results indicating presence of non-cytopathogenic strain of BVDV. It was concluded that cIEA detected antibodies against non- structural proteins P80/P125 has many advantages over SNT being for rapid diagnosis of BVDV. -
International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications
InternatIonal Journal of fuzzy SyStem applIcatIonS October-December 2013, Vol. 3, No. 4 Table of Contents Special Issue: Fuzzy and Rough Hybrid Intelligent Techniques in Medical Diagnosis iv Guest Editor Preface Ahmad Taher Azar, Faculty of Computers and Information, Benha University, Benha, Egypt Aboul Ella Hassanien, Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Research Articles 1 Rough ISODATA Algorithm S. Sampath, Department of Statistics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India B. Ramya, Department of Statistics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 15 Hybrid Tolerance Rough Set: PSO Based Supervised Feature Selection for Digital Mammogram Images G. Jothi, Department of IT, Sona College of Technology (Autonomous), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India H. Hannah Inbarani, Department of Computer Science, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India Ahmad Taher Azar, Faculty of Computers and Information, Benha University, Banha, Egypt 31 Hybrid System based on Rough Sets and Genetic Algorithms for Medical Data Classifications Hanaa Ismail Elshazly, Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Ahmad Taher Azar, Faculty of Computers and Information, Benha University, Benha, Egypt Aboul Ella Hassanien, Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Abeer Mohamed Elkorany, Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt -
Mints – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY
No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MiNTS – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MASTER PLAN FOR NATIONWIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT 11 TRANSPORT SURVEY FINDINGS March 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. ALMEC CORPORATION EID KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL JR - 12 039 No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MiNTS – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MASTER PLAN FOR NATIONWIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT 11 TRANSPORT SURVEY FINDINGS March 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. ALMEC CORPORATION EID KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL JR - 12 039 USD1.00 = EGP5.96 USD1.00 = JPY77.91 (Exchange rate of January 2012) MiNTS: Misr National Transport Study Technical Report 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Page CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND...................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 THE MINTS FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................1-1 1.2.1 Study Scope and Objectives .........................................................................................................1-1