DOCSLIB.ORG

The 40-Year Mystery of Insect Odorant-Binding Proteins

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The 40-Year Mystery of Insect Odorant-Binding Proteins biomolecules Review The 40-Year Mystery of Insect Odorant-Binding Proteins Karen Rihani *,† , Jean-François Ferveur and Loïc Briand * Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, 21000 Dijon, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.R.); [email protected] (L.B.) † Current address: Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany. Abstract: The survival of insects depends on their ability to detect molecules present in their environ- ment. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) form a family of proteins involved in chemoreception. While OBPs were initially found in olfactory appendages, recently these proteins were discovered in other chemosensory and non-chemosensory organs. OBPs can bind, solubilize and transport hydrophobic stimuli to chemoreceptors across the aqueous sensilla lymph. In addition to this broadly accepted “transporter role”, OBPs can also buffer sudden changes in odorant levels and are involved in hygro- reception. The physiological roles of OBPs expressed in other body tissues, such as mouthparts, pheromone glands, reproductive organs, digestive tract and venom glands, remain to be investigated. This review provides an updated panorama on the varied structural aspects, binding properties, tissue expression and functional roles of insect OBPs. Keywords: insect; olfaction; taste; chemosensory functions; non-chemosensory functions; odorant- protein-binding assay; Drosophila melanogaster Citation: Rihani, K.; Ferveur, J.-F.; Briand, L. The 40-Year Mystery of 1. Introduction Insect Odorant-Binding Proteins. Chemoperception allows organisms to detect nutritive food and avoid toxic com- Biomolecules 2021, 11, 509. pounds. Moreover, chemoperception is necessary for animals to identify suitable ecological https://doi.org/10.3390/biom niches and mating partners. Chemoreception is mediated by chemosensory receptors that 11040509 interact with a variety of semio-chemicals, (odorants, pheromones and sapid molecules), allowing their detection and eliciting an adapted behaviour. In insects, the dendrites Academic Editor: Dov Borovsky of the sensory neurons found in olfactory and gustatory sensilla are bathed in an aque- ous phase called the sensillar lymph. Therefore, volatile and non-volatile chemical com- Received: 28 February 2021 pounds contacting sensory organs should be solubilized and transported across the internal Accepted: 19 March 2021 Published: 30 March 2021 aqueous phase before reaching the sensory receptors. These carrier mechanisms, called “peri-receptor events” [1], involve several families of proteins, including odorant-binding Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral proteins (OBPs). OBPs are small soluble proteins found in high concentration in both the with regard to jurisdictional claims in nasal mucus of vertebrates and the chemo-sensilla lymph of insects [2–7]. OBPs were published maps and institutional affil- initially discovered during the early 1980s in parallel by two research groups working on iations. the cow [8–10] and on the giant moth Antheraea Polyphemus [11]. A large number of DNA sequences encoding OBPs were later identified in several vertebrate species, including rat [12], pig [13,14], xenopus [15], and human [16,17]. OBPs were also detected in more than one hundred insect species, such as the silk moth Bombyx mori [18,19], the gypsy moth Lymntria dispar [20], the turnip moth Agrotis segetum [21,22], the stemborer Sesamia nona- Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. grioides Helicoverpa armigera Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. [23], the cotton bollworm and the oriental tobacco budworm This article is an open access article Helicoverpa assulta [24]. distributed under the terms and OBPs have been widely studied for more than 30 years. Here, we present the latest conditions of the Creative Commons discoveries made on the structural and binding properties of insect OBPs. We focus on the Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// properties of insect OBPs and, more specifically, on their tissue and cellular expression. We creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ also present the varied functional roles, both classical and non-conventional, of currently 4.0/). known OBPs. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11040509 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biomolecules Biomolecules 2021, 11, x 2 of 30 Biomolecules 2021, 11, x 2 of 30 Biomolecules 2021, 11, x 2 of 30 expression. We also present the varied functional roles, both classical and non- Biomolecules 2021, 11, x expression. We also present the varied functional roles, both classical and 2 non-of 30 conventional,expression. We of currentlyalso present known the OBPs. varied functional roles, both classical and non- conventional, of currently known OBPs. Biomolecules 2021, 11, x conventional, of currently known OBPs. 2 of 30 2. Expression Pattern of Insect OBPs 2. Expression Pattern of Insect OBPs expression.2.1.2. Expression Number Weof Pattern OBP-Coding also ofpresent Insect Genes OBPsthe invaried Insects fu nctional roles, both classical and non- conventional,2.1. Number of of OBP-Coding currently known Genes OBPs. in Insects expression.2.1. NumberThe number ofWe OBP-Coding alsoof OBP-coding present Genes the genes invaried Insects is highly fu nctional variable roles, between both insect classical species, and ranging non- Biomolecules 2021, 11, 509 The number of OBP-coding genes is highly variable between insect species, ranging2 of 27 conventional,betweenThe 13number in ofsome currently of antOBP-coding species known [25] genes OBPs. to >100 is highly in several variable mosquitoes between [26]insect (Table species, 1). ranging 2.between Expression 13 in Pattern some ant of speciesInsect OBPs [25] to >100 in several mosquitoes [26] (Table 1). between 13 in some ant species [25] to >100 in several mosquitoes [26] (Table 1). 2.1.2.Table Expression Number 1. Numbers of Pattern OBP-Coding of annotated of Insect Genesodorant-binding OBPs in Insects protei ns (OBP) genes in different insects [27–29]. Table 1. Numbers of annotated odorant-binding proteins (OBP) genes in different insects [27–29]. Table2. ExpressionThe 1. Numbers number Pattern ofof annotated OBP-coding of Insect odorant-binding OBPs genes is highly protei variablens (OBP) between genes in differentinsect species, insects [27ranging–29]. 2.1. Number of OBP-Coding Genes in InsectsSpecies OBP Gene Number between2.1. Number 13 in of some OBP-Coding ant species Genes [25] in Insectsto >100 Speciesin several mosquitoes [26]OBP (Table Gene 1) Number. The number of OBP-coding genesD. is melanogasterhighlySpecies variable between OBPinsect Gene species,52 Number ranging The number of OBP-coding genesD. is melanogaster highly variable between insect species,52 ranging between 13 in some ant species [25] to >100D.D. melanogaster insimulans several mosquitoes [26] (Table52 1) . Tablebetween 1. Numbers 13 in some of annotated ant species odorant-binding [25] to >100D. simulansprotei in severalns (OBP) mosquitoes genes in different [26] (Table insects521 ). [27–29]. D. simulanssechellia 5152 Table 1. Numbers of annotated odorant-bindingD. proteisechellians (OBP) genes in different insects51 [27–29]. D.D.Species sechellia yakuba OBP Gene5551 Number Table 1. Numbers of annotated odorant-bindingD. proteinsyakuba (OBP) genes in different insects55 [27–29]. D. melanogasterD.D.Species yakuba erecta OBP Gene525055 Number D. erecta 50 D.D.D. SpeciesmelanogasterD. ananassaesimulans erecta OBP Gene5250 Number D. ananassae 50 D.D. melanogasterD.pseudoobscura ananassaesimulanssechellia 5251524550 D. pseudoobscuraD. yakuba 5545 D.D. D.pseudoobscuraD. simulans persimilissechellia 525145 D.D. sechellia persimilis 5145 D.D.D. willistonipersimilis yakuba erecta 50556245 D. yakubawillistoni 5562 D.D. D.mojavensis ananassaewillistoni erecta 504362 D.D. mojavensis erecta 5043 D.D.D.D. pseudoobscura ananassaeD. mojavensisananassae virilis 5045504143 D. virilis 41 D.D. pseudoobscuraD.D.pseudoobscuraD. persimilisgrimshaw virilis 45454641 D.D. persimilis grimshaw 4546 AnopheleD.D. willistonipersimilisgrimshaw gambiae 62456946 AnopheleD. willistonimojavensis gambiae 624369 CulexAnopheleD.D. quinquefasciatus mojavensis willistoni gambiae 431096269 Culex quinquefasciatusD. virilis 10941 CulexD. D.quinquefasciatus mojavensis virilis 4110943 D.D. grimshawD. grimshaw virilis 464641 AnopheleAedes aegypti gambiae 11169 AnopheleAedesD. grimshaw gambiae aegypti 6911146 Aedes aegypti 111 CulexCulex quinquefasciatusquinquefasciatus 109109 Anophele gambiae 69 Aedes aegypti 111 Culex quinquefasciatus 109 Aedes aegypti 111 Tribolium castaneum 49 TriboliumTribolium castaneum castaneum 4949 TriboliumAedes aegypti castaneum 11149 Tribolium castaneum 49 Apis mellifera 21 TriboliumApisApis mellifera mellifera castaneum 214921 Apis mellifera 21 Apis mellifera 21 Apis mellifera 21 Blatella germanica germanica 109109 Blatella germanica 109 Blatella germanica 109 Blatella germanica 109 Blatella germanica 109 Biomolecules 2021, 11, x Solenopsis invicta 18 3 of 30 Solenopsis invicta 18 Solenopsis invicta 18 Solenopsis invicta 18 Solenopsis invicta 18 Bombyx mori 44 SolenopsisBombyx invictamori 1844 2.2. Evolution of OBP Genes 2.2. Evolution of OBP Genes Exhaustive comparative genomic analysis of OBPs gene families in 20 Arthropoda speciesExhaustive revealed comparative a highly dynamic genomic evolution, analysis with of OBPs a high gene number families of gains
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 106Th Annual Meeting of the German Zoological Society Abstracts
    September 13–16, 2013 106th Annual Meeting of the German Zoological Society Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany Abstracts ISBN 978-3-00-043583-6 1 munich Information Content Local Organizers: Abstracts Prof. Dr. Benedikt Grothe, LMU Munich Satellite Symposium I – Neuroethology .......................................... 4 Prof. Dr. Oliver Behrend, MCN-LMU Munich Satellite Symposium II – Perspectives in Animal Physiology .... 33 Satellite Symposium III – 3D EM .......................................................... 59 Conference Office Behavioral Biology ................................................................................... 83 event lab. GmbH Dufourstraße 15 Developmental Biology ......................................................................... 135 D-04107 Leipzig Ecology ......................................................................................................... 148 Germany Evolutionary Biology ............................................................................... 174 www.eventlab.org Morphology................................................................................................ 223 Neurobiology ............................................................................................. 272 Physiology ................................................................................................... 376 ISBN 978-3-00-043583-6 Zoological Systematics ........................................................................... 416
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Families in the Desert Locust Schistocerca Gregaria
    Molecular Elements Involved in Locust Olfaction: Gene Families in the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria Dissertation for Obtaining the Doctoral Degree of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat.) Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Hohenheim From the Institute of Physiology Prof. Dr. H. Breer Submitted by Xingcong Jiang Heze (Provinz Shandong), V.R. China 2018 Dean: Prof. Dr. Uwe Beifuß 1st reviewer: Prof. Dr. Heinz Breer 2nd reviewer: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Krieger Submitted on: Oral examination on: 10.08.2018 This work was accepted by the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Hohenheim as “Dissertation for Obtaining the Doctoral Degree of Natural Sciences”. Annex 2 to the University of Hohenheim doctoral degree regulations for Dr. rer. nat. Affidavit according to Sec. 7(7) of the University of Hohenheim doctoral degree regulations for Dr. rer. nat. 1. For the dissertation submitted on the topic Molecular Elements Involved in Locust Olfaction: Gene Families in the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria I hereby declare that I independently completed the work. 2. I only used the sources and aids documented and only made use of permissible assistance by third parties. In particular, I properly documented any contents which I used - either by directly quoting or paraphrasing - from other works. 3. I did not accept any assistance from a commercial doctoral agency or consulting firm. 4. I am aware of the meaning of this affidavit and the criminal penalties of an incorrect or incomplete affidavit. I hereby confirm the correctness of the above declaration: I hereby affirm in lieu of oath that I have, to the best of my knowledge, declared nothing but the truth and have not omitted any information.
    [Show full text]
  • Dense Representation of Natural Odorants in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb
    BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS Dense representation of Online Methods), leading to a reduced number of activated glomeruli (n = 6 odorant-mouse pairs, paired t test, P < 0.005; Fig. 1e). natural odorants in the mouse We then applied 40 different natural odorants using the olfactom- eter to minimize the animal’s stress and to have a better temporal olfactory bulb control of the odorant application. In all of the mice that we tested (n = 8), every odorant evoked a specific dense pattern of glomerular Roberto Vincis1,2, Olivier Gschwend1–3, Khaleel Bhaukaurally1–3, activity (Fig. 2a and Supplementary Fig. 1). For each odorant, we Jonathan Beroud1,2 & Alan Carleton1,2 analyzed the image sequence (Online Methods and Supplementary Fig. 2) and quantified the number of activated glomeruli (Fig. 2b In mammals, odorant molecules are thought to activate and Supplementary Fig. 3). We found that the number of activated only a few glomeruli, leading to the hypothesis that odor glomeruli for each stimulus ranged between 10 and 40 glomeruli representation in the olfactory bulb is sparse. However, the (Fig. 2b). For the same set of 30 natural stimuli, the total number of studies supporting this model used anesthetized animals or activated glomeruli per olfactory bulb was 443 ± 15 glomeruli (n = 5 monomolecular odorants at limited concentration ranges. mice; Fig. 2c,d). By merging the glomeruli activated by several odor- Using optical imaging and two-photon microscopy, we found ants (Online Methods), we obtained a map composed of glomeruli that natural odorants at their native concentrations could elicit with a unique identity showing that the natural odorants that we dense representations in the olfactory bulb.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Candidate Chemosensory Genes in Mythimna Separata by Transcriptomic Analysis
    Du et al. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:518 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4898-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Identification of candidate chemosensory genes in Mythimna separata by transcriptomic analysis Lixiao Du1†, Xincheng Zhao2†, Xiangzhi Liang1, Xiwu Gao3, Yang Liu1* and Guirong Wang1* Abstract Background: The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, is an economically important and common Lepidopteran pest of cereal crops. Chemoreception plays a key role in insect life, such as foraging, oviposition site selection, and mating partners. To better understand the chemosensory mechanisms in M. separata, transcriptomic analysis of antennae, labial palps, and proboscises were conducted using next-generation sequencing technology to identify members of the major chemosensory related genes. Results: In this study, 62 putative odorant receptors (OR), 20 ionotropic receptors (IR), 16 gustatory receptors (GR), 38 odorant binding proteins (OBP), 26 chemosensory proteins (CSP), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMP) were identified in M. separata by bioinformatics analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of these candidate proteins was performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was used to determine the expressions of all candidate chemosensory genes and then the expression profiles of the three families of receptor genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). Conclusions: The important genes for chemoreception have now been identified in M. separata. This study will provide valuable information for further functional studies of chemoreception mechanisms in this important agricultural pest. Keywords: Mythimna separata, Transcriptome, Chemosensory gene, Expression analysis Background receptor neurons (GRNs) are distributed on different Insects live in environments where they are constantly taste organs over the entire body surface of insects in- surrounded by various chemical signals, including olfac- cluding the proboscis, legs, wings, and even the female tory and taste.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioinformatics-Based Identification of Chemosensory Proteins in African Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles Gambiae
    Article Bioinformatics-Based Identi¯cation of Chemosensory Proteins in African Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae Zhengxi Li1*, Zuorui Shen1, Jingjiang Zhou2, and Lin Field2 1 Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; 2 Biological Chemistry Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts. AL5 2JQ, UK. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are identi¯able by four spatially conserved Cys- teine residues in their primary structure or by two disul¯de bridges in their ter- tiary structure according to the previously identi¯ed olfactory speci¯c-D related proteins. A genomics- and bioinformatics-based approach is taken in the present study to identify the putative CSPs in the malaria-carrying mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. The results show that ¯ve out of the nine annotated candidates are the most possible Anopheles CSPs of A. gambiae. This study lays the foundation for further functional identi¯cation of Anopheles CSPs, though all of these candidates need additional experimental veri¯cation. Key words: chemosensory protein, proteomics, bioinformatics, olfaction, African malaria mosqui- to, Anopheles gambiae Introduction Anopheles gambiae (A. gambiae) is the principal vec- (OBPs) and olfactory speci¯c-D (OS-D) related pro- tor of malaria that a²icts more than 500 million peo- teins (3 ; 4 ). OS-D related proteins (average 13 kDa) ple and causes more than 1 million deaths each year. were ¯rst identi¯ed by subtractive hybridisation ex- Analysis of the whole genome of A. gambiae revealed periments using antennae of Drosophila melanogaster strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-coding tran- (5 ; 6 ). Many OS-D homologues were subsequently scripts, which need further annotation and experi- identi¯ed based on sequence similarity in di®erent in- mental veri¯cation (1 ).
    [Show full text]
  • SPG2: Biodiversity Conservation (July 2006) 1 1.0 an OVERVIEW
    Kent and Medway Structure Plan 2006 mapping out the future Supplementary Planning Guidance SPG2 Biodiversity Conservation July 2006 Strategy and Planning Division/ Environment and Waste Division Environment and Regeneration Directorate Kent County Council Tel: 01622 221609 Email: [email protected] Kent and Medway Structure Plan 2006 Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG2): Biodiversity Conservation Preface i. The purpose of Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG) is to supplement the policies and proposals of development plans. It elaborates policies so that they can be better understood and effectively applied. SPG should be clearly cross-referenced to the relevant plan policy or policies which it supplements and should be the subject of consultation during its preparation. In these circumstances SPG may be taken into account as a material consideration in planning decisions. ii. A number of elements of SPG have been produced to supplement certain policies in the Kent and Medway Structure Plan. This SPG supplements the following policies: • Policy EN6: International and National Wildlife Designations • Policy EN7: County and Local Wildlife Designations • Policy EN8: Protecting, Conserving and Enhancing Biodiversity • Policy EN9: Trees, Woodland and Hedgerows iii. This SPG has been prepared by Kent County Council working in partnership with a range of stakeholders drawn from Kent local authorities and other relevant agencies. iv. A draft of this SPG was subject to public consultation alongside public consultation on the deposit draft of the Kent and Medway Structure Plan in late 2003. It has been subsequently revised and updated prior to its adoption. A separate report provides a statement of the consultation undertaken, the representations received and the response to these representations.
    [Show full text]
  • Single Olfactory Receptors Set Odor Detection Thresholds
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Hunter College 2018 Single olfactory receptors set odor detection thresholds Adam Dewan Northwestern University Annika Cichy Northwestern University Jingji Zhang Northwestern University Kayla Miguel Northwestern University Paul Feinstein CUNY Hunter College See next page for additional authors How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_pubs/550 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Authors Adam Dewan, Annika Cichy, Jingji Zhang, Kayla Miguel, Paul Feinstein, Dmitry Rinberg, and Thomas Bozza This article is available at CUNY Academic Works: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_pubs/550 ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05129-0 OPEN Single olfactory receptors set odor detection thresholds Adam Dewan1, Annika Cichy1, Jingji Zhang1, Kayla Miguel1, Paul Feinstein2, Dmitry Rinberg3 & Thomas Bozza 1 In many species, survival depends on olfaction, yet the mechanisms that underlie olfactory sensitivity are not well understood. Here we examine how a conserved subset of olfactory receptors, the trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), determine odor detection fi 1234567890():,; thresholds of mice to amines. We nd that deleting all TAARs, or even single TAARs, results in significant odor detection deficits. This finding is not limited to TAARs, as the deletion of a canonical odorant receptor reduced behavioral sensitivity to its preferred ligand. Remarkably, behavioral threshold is set solely by the most sensitive receptor, with no contribution from other highly sensitive receptors.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensory Gene Identification in the Transcriptome of the Ectoparasitoid
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Sensory gene identifcation in the transcriptome of the ectoparasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli Zong‑You Huang, Xiao‑Yun Wang, Wen Lu & Xia‑Lin Zheng* Sensory genes play a key role in the host location of parasitoids. To date, the sensory genes that regulate parasitoids to locate gall‑inducing insects have not been uncovered. An obligate ectoparasitoid, Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), is one of the most important parasitoids of Leptocybe invasa, which is a global gall‑making pest in eucalyptus plantations. Interestingly, Q. mendeli can precisely locate the larva of L. invasa, which induces tumor‑like growth on the eucalyptus leaves and stems. Therefore, Q. mendeli–L. invasa provides an ideal system to study the way that parasitoids use sensory genes in gall‑making pests. In this study, we present the transcriptome of Q. mendeli using high‑throughput sequencing. In total, 31,820 transcripts were obtained and assembled into 26,925 unigenes in Q. mendeli. Then, the major sensory genes were identifed, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these genes from Q. mendeli and other model insect species. Three chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 10 gustatory receptors (GRs), 21 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 58 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 30 odorant receptors (ORs) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identifed in Q. mendeli by bioinformatics analysis. Our report is the frst to obtain abundant biological information on the transcriptome of Q. mendeli that provided valuable information regarding the molecular basis of Q. mendeli perception, and it may help to understand the host location of parasitoids of gall‑making pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS INDIA January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/18E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department Overview of forest pests - India DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in India. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). ii Overview of forest pests - India TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • De Novo Transcriptome Identifies Olfactory Genes in Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article De Novo Transcriptome Identifies Olfactory Genes in Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) 1, 2, 2 2 3,4, 5, Liangde Tang y, Jimin Liu y, Lihui Liu , Yonghao Yu , Haiyan Zhao * and Wen Lu * 1 Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; [email protected] 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (Y.Y.) 3 Department of Entomology, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China 4 Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China 5 College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530007, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.Z.); [email protected] (W.L.) Authors contribute equally. y Received: 3 January 2020; Accepted: 22 January 2020; Published: 29 January 2020 Abstract: Diachasmimoorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, D. longicaudata) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary species of parasitoid wasp and widely used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs as a biological control agent in order to suppress tephritid fruit flies of economic importance. Although many studies have investigated the behaviors in the detection of their hosts, little is known of the molecular information of their chemosensory system. We assembled the first transcriptome of D. longgicaudata using transcriptome sequencing and identified 162,621 unigenes for the Ashmead insects in response to fruit flies fed with different fruits (guava, mango, and carambola).
    [Show full text]
  • Testing a Popular Indicator Taxon at Local Scales
    Biological Conservation 103 (2002) 361–370 www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Does butterfly diversity predict moth diversity? Testing a popular indicator taxon at local scales Taylor H. Ricketts*, Gretchen C. Daily, Paul R. Ehrlich Department of Biological Sciences, Gilbert Hall, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA Received 23 July 2000; received in revised form 2 May 2001; accepted 10 June 2001 Abstract Indicator taxa are often proposed as efficient ways of identifying conservation priorities, but the correlation between putative indicators and other taxa has not been adequately tested. We examined whether a popular indicator taxon, the butterflies, could provide a useful surrogate measure of diversity in a closely related but relatively poorly known group, the moths, at a local scale relevant to many conservation decisions (100–101 km2). We sampled butterflies and moths at 19 sites representing the three major terrestrial habitats in sub-alpine Colorado: meadows, aspen forests, and conifer forests. We found no correlation between moth and butterfly diversity across the 19 sites, using any of five different diversity measures. Correlations across only meadow sites (to test for correlation within a single, species-rich habitat) were also not significant. Butterflies were restricted largely to meadows, where their host plants occur and thermal environment is favorable. In contrast, all three habitats contained substantial moth diversity, and several moth species were restricted to each habitat. These findings suggest that (1) butterflies are unlikely to be useful indica- tors of moth diversity at a local scale; (2) phylogenetic relatedness is not a reliable criterion for selecting appropriate indicator taxa; and (3) a habitat-based approach would more effectively conserve moth diversity in this landscape and may be preferable in many situations where indicator taxa relationships are untested.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies of North America
    Insects of Western North America 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 2 Insects of Western North America. 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa by Boris C. Kondratieff, Luke Myers, and Whitney S. Cranshaw C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 August 22, 2011 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 3 Cover Photo Credits: Whitney S. Cranshaw. Females of the blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria (Fab.) laying eggs on an animal carcass on Fort Sill, Oklahoma. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1177. Copyrighted 2011 4 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................7 SUMMARY AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
    [Show full text]