The Onomasticon
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Eusebius and His Ecclesiastical History
1 Eusebius and His Ecclesiastical History Eusebius’s Ecclesiastical History (HE) is the most important of his many books. It created a new literary genre that would have a long and influential history. In an often-quoted statement, F. C. Baur called Eusebius the father of ecclesiastical his- tory, just as Herodotus was the father of historical writing in general.1 The Ecclesi- astical History is our single most important source for recovering the history of the first three centuries of Christianity. And it is the centerpiece of a corpus of writings in which Eusebius created a distinctive vision of the place of the Christian church in world history and God’s providential plan. A book of such significance has attracted an enormous body of commentary and analysis driven by two rather different motives. One was the value of the HE as a documentary treasure trove of partially or completely lost works. For a long time, that was the primary driver of scholarly interest. The past two generations have seen the emergence of a second trend that focuses on Eusebius as a figure in his own right, a writer of exceptional range, creativity, and productivity, and an actor on the ecclesiastical and political stage.2 How, for example, did current events shape the way Eusebius thought and wrote about the church’s past? And what can his con- struction of the past tell us in turn about Christian consciousness and ambition during a time of enormous transition? Seen from that angle, the HE becomes not a source for history but itself an artifact of history, a hermeneutical redirection that will be applied to other works of Christian historiography in this book.3 1. -
Map of Amazya (109) Volume 1, the Northern Sector
MAP OF AMAZYA (109) VOLUME 1, THE NORTHERN SECTOR 1* 2* ISRAEL ANTIQUITIES AUTHORITY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ISRAEL MAP OF AMAZYA (109) VOLUME 1, THE NORTHERN SECTOR YEHUDA DAGAN 3* Archaeological Survey of Israel Publications of the Israel Antiquities Authority Editor-in-Chief: Zvi Gal Series editor: Lori Lender Volume editor: DaphnaTuval-Marx English editor: Lori Lender English translation: Don Glick Cover: ‘Baqa‘ esh Shamaliya’, where the Judean Shephelah meets the hillcountry (photograph: Yehuda Dagan) Typesetting, layout and production: Margalit Hayosh Preparation of illustrations: Natalia Zak, Elizabeth Belashov Printing: Keterpress Enterprises, Jerusalem Copyright © The Israel Antiquities Authority The Archaeological Survey of Israel Jerusalem, 2006 ISBN 965–406–195–3 www.antiquities.org.il 4* Contents Editors’ Foreword 7* Preface 8* Introduction 9* Index of Site Names 51* Index of Sites Listed by Period 59* List of Illustrations 65* The Sites—the Northern Sector 71* References 265* Maps of Periods and Installations 285* Hebrew Text 1–288 5* 6* Editors’ Foreword The Map of Amazya (Sheet 10–14, Old Israel Grid; sheet 20–19, New Israel Grid), scale 1:20,000, is recorded as Paragraph 109 in Reshumot—Yalqut Ha-Pirsumim No. 1091 (1964). In 1972–1973 a systematic archaeological survey of the map area was conducted by a team headed by Yehuda Dagan, on behalf of the Archaeological Survey of Israel and the Israel Antiquities Authority (formerly the Department of Antiquities and Museums). Compilation of Material A file for each site in the Survey archives includes a detailed report by the survey team members, plans, photographs and a register of the finds kept in the Authority’s stores. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
The Principal Works of St. Jerome by St
NPNF2-06. Jerome: The Principal Works of St. Jerome by St. Jerome About NPNF2-06. Jerome: The Principal Works of St. Jerome by St. Jerome Title: NPNF2-06. Jerome: The Principal Works of St. Jerome URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf206.html Author(s): Jerome, St. Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) (Editor) Freemantle, M.A., The Hon. W.H. (Translator) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Print Basis: New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892 Source: Logos Inc. Rights: Public Domain Status: This volume has been carefully proofread and corrected. CCEL Subjects: All; Proofed; Early Church; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. Fathers of the Church, etc. NPNF2-06. Jerome: The Principal Works of St. Jerome St. Jerome Table of Contents About This Book. p. ii Title Page.. p. 1 Title Page.. p. 2 Translator©s Preface.. p. 3 Prolegomena to Jerome.. p. 4 Introductory.. p. 4 Contemporary History.. p. 4 Life of Jerome.. p. 10 The Writings of Jerome.. p. 22 Estimate of the Scope and Value of Jerome©s Writings.. p. 26 Character and Influence of Jerome.. p. 32 Chronological Tables of the Life and Times of St. Jerome A.D. 345-420.. p. 33 The Letters of St. Jerome.. p. 40 To Innocent.. p. 40 To Theodosius and the Rest of the Anchorites.. p. 44 To Rufinus the Monk.. p. 44 To Florentius.. p. 48 To Florentius.. p. 49 To Julian, a Deacon of Antioch.. p. 50 To Chromatius, Jovinus, and Eusebius.. p. 51 To Niceas, Sub-Deacon of Aquileia. -
229 the Onomasticon
229 THE ONOMASTICON. By Lieut.-Colonel CONDER, R.E., D.C.L. AMONG the more important authorities on Palestine geography is the Onomasticon of Eusebius, translated into Latin by Jerome. It has been used by me in the Memoirs of the Survey, but no continuous account of its contents, as illustrated by the Survey discoveries, has been publisheo by the Palestine Exploration Fund. The following notes may be useful as indicating its peculiar value. Jerome speaks of the nomenclature of the country in words which still apply sixteen centuries later: "Vocabnla qure vel eadem manent, vel immutata sunt postea, vel aliqua ex parte corrupta." His own acquaintance with Palestine was wide aud minute, and he often adds new details of interest to the Greek text of Eusebius which he renders. It is only necessary here to notice tile places which are fixed by the authors, and not those which were (and usually still are) unknown. The order of the names which follow is that of the Onomas ticon text, following the spelling of the Greek of Eusebius and the Gree],_ alphabet. Abarim, the Moab Mountains. Jerome says : "The name is still pointed out to those ascending from Livias (Tell er Rumeh) to Heshbon, near Mount Peor-retaining the original uame ; the region round being still called Phasga (Pisgah)." The road iu question appears to be that from Tell er Rameh to 'Aytln Mttsa (Ashdoth Pisgah), and thence to Heshbon, passing under N ebo on the north. Jerome calls Abarim "the mountain where Moses died," evidently N ebo itself ; but Peor (Phogor) seems to have been further south. -
Poverty and Charity in Roman Palestine
Poverty and charity in Roman Palestine Gildas Hamel Abstract The present book reformats the text, notes, and appendices of the origi- nal 1990 publication by the University of California Press. Its pagination is different. There is no index. i D’ur vamm ha d’ur breur aet d’an Anaon re abred A.M.G. 31 Meurzh 1975 Y.M.H. 12 Geñver 1986 Contents Contents ii List of Figures iv List of Tables iv Introduction ix 1 Daily bread 1 1.1 Food items ............................. 2 1.2 Diets ................................ 19 1.3 Diseases and death ........................ 55 1.4 Conclusion ............................ 58 2 Poverty in clothing 61 2.1 Common articles of clothing ................... 61 2.2 Lack of clothing .......................... 70 2.3 Clothing and social status .................... 81 2.4 Conclusion ............................ 104 3 Causes of poverty 107 3.1 Discourse of the ancients on yields . 108 3.2 Aspects of agriculture: climate and soil . 116 3.3 Work and technical standards . 125 3.4 Yields ............................... 145 3.5 Population of Palestine . 159 3.6 Conclusion ............................ 163 4 Taxes and rents 165 4.1 Roman taxes . 168 ii Contents iii 4.2 Jewish taxes and history of tax burden . 171 4.3 Labor and ground rents . 176 4.4 Conclusion ............................ 190 5 The vocabulary of poverty 193 5.1 Explicit vocabulary: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek . 196 5.2 Explicit vocabulary: self-designations . 209 5.3 Greek and Jewish views on poverty and wealth . 229 5.4 Implicit vocabulary . 239 5.5 Conclusion ............................ 248 6 Charity in Roman Palestine 251 6.1 Discourses on charity . -
The Philistines Were Among the Sea Peoples, Probably of Aegean Origin, Who First Appeared in the E Mediterranean at the End of the 13Th Century B.C
The Philistines were among the Sea Peoples, probably of Aegean origin, who first appeared in the E Mediterranean at the end of the 13th century B.C. These peoples were displaced from their original homelands as part of the extensive population movements characteristic of the end of the LB Age. During this period, the Egyptians and the Hittites ruled in the Levant, but both powers were in a general state of decline. The Sea Peoples exploited this power vacuum by invading areas previously subject to Egyptian and Hittite control, launching land and sea attacks on Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, to which various Egyptian sources attest. The various translations of the name Philistine in the different versions of the Bible reveal that even in early times translators and exegetes were unsure of their identity. In the LXX, for example, the name is usually translated as allopsyloi ("strangers"), but it occurs also as phylistieim in the Pentateuch and Joshua. In the Hebrew Bible, the Philistines are called Pelishtim, a term defining them as the inhabitants ofPeleshet, i.e., the coastal plain of S Palestine. Assyrian sources call them both Pilisti and Palastu. The Philistines appear as prst in Egyptian sources. Encountering the descendants of the Philistines on the coast of S Palestine, the historian Herodotus, along with sailors and travelers from the Persian period onward called them palastinoi and their countrypalastium. The use of these names in the works of Josephus, where they are common translations forPhilistines and Philistia and, in some cases, for the entire land of Palestine, indicates the extent to which the names had gained acceptance by Roman times. -
What Temples Stood For
WHAT TEMPLES STOOD FOR: CONSTANTINE, EUSEBIUS, AND ROMAN IMPERIAL PRACTICE BY STEVEN J. LARSON B.S., PURDUE UNIVERSITY, 1987 B.A., UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, 1992 M.T.S., HARVARD UNIVERSITY DIVINITY SCHOOL, 1997 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES AT BROWN UNIVERSITY PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2008 © Copyright 2008 by Steven J. Larson VITA !"#$%"&'()"*)"!)+*$)$,'-*%."!)+*$)$"')"/$)0$(1"23."24567"!"8'9,-:;:+"$"&$8<:-'(=%" degree in Industrial Engineering at Purdue University in 1987. Following this, I worked as an engineer at Cardiac Pacemaker, Inc. in St. Paul, Minnesota. I left this position to pursue studies in the Humanities at the University of Minnesota. There I studied modern $(;"$)+">'+:()"?(::@"80-;0(:"$)+"-$)A0$A:"$)+"A($+0$;:+"#*;<"$"&$8<:-'(=%"+:A(::"*)"B(;" History from the Minneapolis campus in 1992. During this period I spent two summers studying in Greece. I stayed on in Minneapolis to begin coursework in ancient Latin and Greek and the major world religions. Moving to Somerville, Massachusetts I completed a 9$%;:(=%"+:A(::"$;"C$(D$(+"E)*D:(%*;1"F*D*)*;1"G8<''-"*)"244H"0)+:r the direction of Helmut Koester. My focus was on the history of early Christianity. While there I worked $%"$)":+*;'(*$-"$%%*%;$);"I'(";<:"%8<''-=%"$8$+:9*8"J'0()$-."Harvard Theological Review, as well as Archaeological Resources for New Testament Studies. In addition, I ,$(;*8*,$;:+"*)"K('I:%%'(%"L':%;:("$)+"F$D*+">*;;:)=%"MB(8<$:'-'A1"$)+";<:"N:#" O:%;$9:);P"8'0(%:.";($D:--*)A";'"%*;:%";<('0A<'0;"?(::8:"$)+"O0(@:17"O<$;"I$--."!"&:A$)" doctoral studies at Brown University in the Religious Studies departmen;"$%"$"F:$)=%" Fellow. -
NOTES from the MEMOIR. the Memoir of Sheet 7 Is Now Complete, and Contains Many Points of Interest
NOTES }'ROM THE MEMOIIt. 85 I believe I have found the exact origin of this interesting fragment ; and if so, this origin fully confirms all the observations and conclusions I then drew from the appearance of the fragment. It is nothing else than a piece of the frieze of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre which represents different scenes in the life of our Lord. On examining recently a drawing of the frieze, I find that there is a great gap in the scene of the triumphal entry, which this fragment just fills up. I have a photograph of the fragment, but, unfortunately, none of the frieze, else I might be able to show at once that the edges of the fragment correspond with the border of the frieze. It is to be desired that the fragment might be restored to its original place, which would be_an exceedingly simple operation. They told me that it belonged to the foundation of an Arab house ; very likely the truth, because the mutilation may be old enough to allow of the piece broken off being used over again ijl new buildings. We have on this point evidence as far back as 1480, that of the German monk, F. Faber, otherwise Friar Schmidt, who has left us a minute account of the church. After saying that the lintel over the entrance of the church is of white marble (de candidissimo marmore), and that it is sculptured on the out side to represent the entry into Jerusalem of the Lord mounted on an ass (sculptum imaginibus de ingressu Domini super asinam in Jeru salem), the scene of those who bought and sold in the Temple, and tho resurrection of Lazarus, he adds that these sculptures have been broken and mutilated (violenttr destructce et mutilatce membris). -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
. A COLORED DRAWING OF THE MEDEBA MOSAIC MAP OF PALESTINE IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MU- SEUM. By I. M. Casanowicz, Assistant Curator, Division of Old World Archeology, United States National Museum. INTRODUCTION. A colored drawing of the Medeba mosaic map of Palestine was acquired by Mr. S. W. Woodward, of Washington City, from a book dealer in Jerusalem, while on a tour around the world in 1899 in the interest of Christian missions, and by him presented to the United States National Museum. A comparison of the drawing with other reproductions of the original, which have been prepared by compe- tent archeologists and Biblical scholars, shows that, with the excep- tion of a few omissions and transpositions, it affords a fairly adequate view of the original. It has therefore been deemed worth while to describe this highly interesting and important monument for the readers of the pubhcations of the United States National Museum, the more so as a comprehensive and detailed discussion of the subject has hitherto not been pubUshed in the English language. LITERATURE CONSULTED. C. Raymond Beazley, the Madeba Mosaic Map (The Geographic Journal, vol. 17, 1901, London, pp. 516-520). Clermont-Gaimeau, The Madeba Mosaic (Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement (quoted PEFQS), 1897, pp. 213-225; 1901, pp. 235-246). A. Jacoby, Das geographische Mosaik von Madaba (Leipzig, 1905). Wilhelm Kubitschek, Die Mosaikkarte Palastinas (Mittheilungen der Kaiser- lich-Koniglichen Geographischen GeseUschaft in Wien, vol. 43, 1900, Vienna, pp. 335-380). Adolf Schulten, Die Mosaikkarte von Madaba und ihr Verhaltniss zu den altesten Karten und Beschi'eibungen des heiligen Landes. -
Ancient Maresha and Eleutheropolis (City of the Free)”
“Ancient Maresha and Eleutheropolis (City of the Free)” The Impact of Change and of Roman Occupation On The Cities, The Hinterland and The People By Jean Margaret Swanson Bachelor of Arts (Honours), UWA This thesis is presented for the degree of Master of Arts of the University of Western Australia School of Humanities (Discipline of Classics and Ancient History), Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences Year of Submission: 2012 1 THE ELEUTHEROPOLIS MOSAIC AT CHURCH OF ST. STEPHEN UMM-ER-RASAS, JORDAN (See Ch. 4: 62) 2 ABSTRACT In this thesis I have explored a particular section of the history of Israel – the period from 500 BCE to 650 CE (which encompasses the periods of sovereignty of the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman authorities), and a particular section of the land – the ancient Biblical Tel Maresha and the nearby town of Beit Guvrin, which became the Roman city of Eleutheropolis. The evidence consists of literary records and archaeological exploration reports together with first-hand research, combined to provide insights on the lives of the people of this time, both urban and rural, their homes, foods, customs, beliefs, and if/how these changed as one conqueror succeeded another. Whilst the background to the thesis necessarily includes more ancient historical data, the emphasis is on the late Hellenistic and the Roman periods – 1st c BCE to 7th c CE – taking into account the various influences already present and the way in which these were affected by new ideas. Maresha was of significant importance in the early history of Judaea. It was located at the junction of a number of major roads, close to the main trade route which led from the north all the way to Egypt and less than a day’s journey from the major Mediterranean ports of Gaza and Ascalon. -
Publications of Lee I. Levine
Publications of Lee I. Levine Books 1. Caesarea under Roman Rule. Leiden: Brill, 1975. 2. Roman Caesarea: An Archaeological-Topographical Study. Qedem 2. Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, 1975. 3. The Rabbinic Class in Palestine in the Talmudic Period. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1985. [Hebrew] 4. Excavations at Caesarea—1975, 1976, 1979: Final Report. Qedem 21. Jeru- salem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, 1986. [co authored with Ehud Netzer] 5. The Rabbinic Class of Roman Palestine in Late Antiquity. Jerusalem: Yad Ben- Zvi and Jewish Theological Seminary, 1989. [revised and expanded from Hebrew] 6. Jerusalem in Its Splendor: A History of the City in the Second Temple Period. Jerusalem: Ariel, 1996. [Hebrew] 7. Jerusalem in Its Splendor: A History of the City in the Second Temple Period. Rev., expanded ed. Tel-Aviv: Modan, 1997. [Hebrew] 8a. Judaism and Hellenism in Antiquity: Conflict or Confluence? Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998. b. Judaism and Hellenism in Antiquity: Conflict or Confluence? Jerusalem: Shazar Center, 1999. [Hebrew] 9a. The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years. New Haven, CT: Yale Uni- versity Press, 2000. b. La sinagoga antica. 2 vols. Brescia: Paideia, 2005. 10a. The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years. 2nd rev., expanded ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005. b. The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years. Hebrew trans. of 2nd ed. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, in preparation. 11. Jerusalem: A Portrait of the City in the Second Temple Period (538 B.C.E.– 70 C.E.). Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2002. 12. Visual Judaism in Late Antiquity: Historical Contexts of Jewish Art.