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Publications of Lee I. Levine

Publications of Lee I. Levine

Publications of Lee I. Levine

Books 1. Caesarea under Roman Rule. Leiden: Brill, 1975. 2. Roman Caesarea: An Archaeological-Topographical Study. Qedem 2. : Institute of , Hebrew University, 1975. 3. The Rabbinic Class in in the Talmudic Period. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1985. [Hebrew] 4. Excavations at Caesarea—1975, 1976, 1979: Final Report. Qedem 21. Jeru- salem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, 1986. [co­authored with ] 5. The Rabbinic Class of Roman Palestine in Late Antiquity. Jerusalem: Yad Ben- Zvi and Jewish Theological Seminary, 1989. [revised and expanded from Hebrew] 6. Jerusalem in Its Splendor: A History of the City in the . Jerusalem: Ariel, 1996. [Hebrew] 7. Jerusalem in Its Splendor: A History of the City in the Second Temple Period. Rev., expanded ed. Tel-Aviv: Modan, 1997. [Hebrew] 8a. and Hellenism in Antiquity: Conflict or Confluence? Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998. b. Judaism and Hellenism in Antiquity: Conflict or Confluence? Jerusalem: Shazar Center, 1999. [Hebrew] 9a. The Ancient : The First Thousand Years. New Haven, CT: Yale Uni- versity Press, 2000. b. La sinagoga antica. 2 vols. Brescia: Paideia, 2005. 10a. The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years. 2nd rev., expanded ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005. b. The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years. Hebrew trans. of 2nd ed. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, in preparation. 11. Jerusalem: A Portrait of the City in the Second Temple Period (538 b.c.e.–​ 70 c.e.). Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2002. 12. Visual Judaism in Late Antiquity: Historical Contexts of Jewish Art. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, in press.

xii Publications of Lee I. Levine xiii

13. Geographical Place-Names in Eretz- during the Second Temple–Talmudic Periods according to Hebrew and Sources, vol. 1. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences, forthcoming. [Hebrew]

Books Edited 14. Ancient Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981. 15. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the , vol. 1. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1981. 16. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, vol. 2. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1982. 17. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, vol. 3. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1983. 18. The Synagogue in Late Antiquity. Philadelphia: American Schools of Oriental Research and Jewish Theological Seminary, 1987. 19. The Galilee in Late Antiquity. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1992. 20. Jerusalem: Its Sanctity and Centrality to Judaism, , and . New York: Continuum, 1998. 21. From Dura to : Studies in Jewish Art and Society in Late Antiquity. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 40. Ann Arbor, MI: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2000. [co­edited with Z. Weiss] 22. The Controversy over the Historicity of the . Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi and Dinur Center, Hebrew University, 2001. [Hebrew; coedited with A. Mazar] 23. One Thousand Years of (1000–2000 c.e.): Change and Up- heaval. Jerusalem: Dinur Center, Hebrew University, 2002. [Hebrew] 24. Continuity and Renewal: and Judaism in Byzantine-Christian Palestine. Je- rusalem: Dinur Center [Hebrew University], Yad Ben-Zvi, and Jewish Theo- logical Seminary, 2004. [Hebrew and English] 25. Jewish Identities in Antiquity: Studies in Memory of Menahem Stern. Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism 130. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009. [coedited with D. R. Schwartz]

Articles 26. “Philo and the Allegorical Method.” Review (1961) 17–28. 27. “Some Observations of the Coins of .” Israel Exploration Journal 22 (1972) 131–40. 28. “A propos de la fondation de la Tour de Straton.” Revue Biblique 80 (1973) 75–81. xiv Publications of Lee I. Levine

29. “The Hasmonean Conquest of Strato’s Tower.” Israel Exploration Journal 24 (1974) 62–69. 30a. “The Jewish-Greek Conflict in First Century Caesarea.” Journal of Jewish Studies 25 (1974) 381–97. b. “The Jewish-Greek Conflict in First Century Caesarea.” Pp. 173–94 in The Great Jewish Revolt, ed. A. Kasher. Jerusalem: Shazar Center, 1983. [Hebrew] 31. “ Abbahu of Caesarea.” Pp. 56–76 in Christianity, Judaism and Other Greco-Roman : Studies for Morton Smith at Sixty, vol. 4, ed. J. Neusner. Leiden: Brill, 1975. 32. “La Palestine sous la loi romaine.” Les dossiers de l’archéologie 10 (May–June 1975) 17–22. 33. “Rabbi Abbahu of Caesarea.” Pp. 47–50 in Proceedings of the Sixth World Congress of Jewish Studies, vol. 2. Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1976. [Hebrew] 34a. “The Zealots of the Late Second Temple Period in Modern Historiography.” Cathedra 1 (1976) 39–48, 59–60. [Hebrew] b. “The Zealots of the Late Second Temple Period in Modern Historiography.” Pp. 365–88 in The Great Jewish Revolt, ed. A. Kasher. Jerusalem: Shazar Cen- ter, 1983. [Hebrew] 35. “New Light on Caesarea.” Qadmoniot 11 (1978) 70–75. [Hebrew] 36. “Pella.” Pp. 939–43 in vol. 3 of Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the , ed. M. Avi-Yonah and E. Stern. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1978. 37. “Caesarea.” Pp. 658–61 in vol. 29 of Encyclopedia Hebraica. Jerusalem: Ency- clopaedia Publishing, 1978. [Hebrew] 38. “On the Political Involvement of the Pharisees under Herod and the Procu- rators.” Cathedra 8 (1978) 12–28. [Hebrew] 39a. “R. Simeon bar Yohai and the Purification of .” Hebrew Union Col- lege Annual 49 (1978) 143–85. b. “R. Simeon bar Yohai and the Purification of Tiberias.” Cathedra 22 (1982) 9–42. [Hebrew] 40. “The Jewish Patriarch (Nasi) in Third Century Palestine.” Pp. 649–88 in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II:19.2. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1979. 41a. “Toward an Appraisal of Herod as a Builder.” Cathedra 15 (1980) 52–55. [Hebrew] b. “Toward an Appraisal of Herod as a Builder.” Pp. 1–10 in The Jerusalem Ca- thedra, vol. 1, ed. L. I. Levine. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1981. 42. “Ancient Synagogues: A Historical Introduction.” Pp. 1–10 in Ancient Syna- gogues Revealed, ed. L. I. Levine. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981. 43. “The Inscription in the ʿEn Gedi Synagogue.” Pp. 140–45 in Ancient Syna- gogues Revealed, ed. L. I. Levine. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981. 44. “The Synagogue at Dura Europos.” Pp. 172–77 in Ancient Synagogues Re- vealed, ed. L. I. Levine. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981. Publications of Lee I. Levine xv

45. “The Synagogue at Ḥorvat ʿAmmudim.” Pp. 78–81 in Ancient Synagogues Revealed, ed. L. I. Levine. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1981. 46. “The Political Struggle between Pharisees and Sadducees in the Hasmonean Period.” Pp. 61–83 in Studies in the in the Second Temple Period: Scha­lit Memorial Volume, ed. A. Oppenheimer, U. Rappaport, and M. Stern. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1981. [Hebrew] 47. “Ḥorvat ʿAmmudim Excavations.” Qadmoniot 51–52 (1981) 107–11. [He- brew] 48. “The History of Caesarea in the Roman and Byzantine Periods.” Qardom 18 (1981) 7–30. [Hebrew] 49. “On the History of the Study of Caesarea.” Qardom 18 (1981) 64–68. [He- brew] 50. “Excavations at the Synagogue of Ḥorvat ʿAmmudim.” Israel Exploration Journal 32 (1982) 1–12. 51. “The Age of R. Judah the Prince.” Pp. 94–118 in Eretz-Israel from the De- struction of the Second Temple to the Muslim Conquest, vol. 1, ed. Z. Baras et al. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1982. [Hebrew] 52. “Palestine in the Third Century c.e.” Pp. 119–43 in Eretz-Israel from the Destruction of the Second Temple to the Muslim Conquest, vol. 1, ed. Z. Baras et al. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1982. [Hebrew] 53. “The Rabbinic Class of Third Century Palestine.” Pp. 5–8 in Proceedings of the Eighth World Congress of Jewish Studies, Division B. Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1982. [Hebrew] 54. “Messianic Tendencies at the End of the Second Temple Period.” Pp. 135–52 in Messianism and Eschatology, ed. Z. Baras. Jerusalem: Shazar Center, 1983. [Hebrew] 55. “Archaeological Discoveries from the Greco-Roman Era.” Pp. 75–87 in Re- cent Archaeology in the Land of Israel, ed. H. Shanks. Washington, DC: Bibli- cal Archaeology Society, 1983. 56. “Césarée et la synagogue de Ḥorvat Ha-ʿAmmudim.” Pp. 227–31 in Recher- ches Archéologiques en Israel, ed. E. Lipiński. Leuven: Peeters, 1984. 57. “Roman Rule in Palestine at the End of the Second Temple Period (63 b.c.e.–74 c.e.). Pp. 11–280 in The History of Eretz-Israel, vol. 4, ed. M. Stern. Jerusalem: Keter, 1984. [Hebrew] 58. “The Archaeological Finds from Beth-Shearim and Their Importance for the Study of the Talmudic Period.” Eretz-Israel 18 (Avigad volume; 1985) 277–81. [Hebrew] 59. “Herod: The Man and His Times.” Pp. 2–10 in King Herod and His Times. Idan 5. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1985. [Hebrew] 60. “An Onomasticon of Ancient Palestine in the Second Temple–Talmudic Periods according to Hebrew and Aramaic Sources: A Preliminary Report.” World Union of Jewish Studies Newsletter 25 (1985) 39–46. [Hebrew] xvi Publications of Lee I. Levine

61a. “The Second Temple Synagogue: The Formative Years.” Pp. 7–31 in The Synagogue in Late Antiquity, ed. L. I. Levine. Philadelphia: American Schools of Oriental Research and Jewish Theological Seminary, 1987. b. “The Second Temple Synagogue: Its Character and Development.” Pp. 11–​29 in The Synagogue in Israel and the Diaspora in Antiquity, ed. A. Oppenheimer, A. Kasher, and U. Rappaport. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1987. [Hebrew] 62a. “The Age of Hellenism: Alexander the Great and the Rise and Fall of the Hasmonean Kingdom.” Pp. 177–204, 254–57 in Ancient Israel: A Short His- tory from to the Roman Destruction of the Temple, ed. H. Shanks. Washington, DC: Society, 1988. b. “Okres hellenistyczny.” Pp. 247–84 in Starozytny Izrael: Od czasow Abrahama do zburzenia Jerozolimy przez Rzymian. Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1994. 63. “La synagogue de Doura Europos.” Le Monde de la Bible 57 (1989) 20–27. 64. “Les fonctions de la synagogue ancienne.” Le Monde de la Bible 57 (1989) 28–31. 65. The Interior of the Ancient Synagogue and Its Furnishings: From Commu- nal Center to ‘Lesser Sanctuary.’” Cathedra 60 (1990) 36–84. [Hebrew] 66. “The Jewish Community at Caesarea in Late Antiquity.” Pp. 268–73 in Cae- sarea Papers: Straton’s Tower, Herod’s Harbour, and Roman and Byzantine Cae- sarea, ed. R. L. Vann. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 5. Ann Arbor, MI: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 1992. 67. “Judaism from the Destruction of Jerusalem to the End of the Second Jewish Revolt: 70–135 c.e.” Pp. 125–49 in Christianity and : Parallel History of Their Origins and Early Development, ed. H. Shanks. Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 1992. 68. “The Sages and the Synagogue in Late Antiquity: The Evidence of the Gali- lee.” Pp. 201–22 in The Galilee in Late Antiquity, ed. L. I. Levine. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1992. 69. “.” Pp. 161–69 in vol. 3 of Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman et al. New York: Doubleday, 1992. 70. “Jewish War (66–74 c.e.).” Pp. 839–45 in vol. 3 of Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman et al. New York: Doubleday, 1992. 71. “Synagogues.” Pp. 1421–24 in vol. 4 of The New Encyclopedia of Archaeologi- cal Excavations in the Holy Land, ed. E. Stern. Jerusalem: Carta, 1993. 72. “Synagogue Research since the 1970s.” Pp. 258–61 in vol. 1 of The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, ed. E. Stern. Jeru- salem: Carta, 1993. [Hebrew] 73a. “The Synagogue of Ḥorvat ʿAmmudim.” Pp. 1242–44 in vol. 4 of The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, ed. E. Stern. Jeru- salem: Carta, 1993. b. “The Synagogue of Ḥorvat ʿAmmudim.” Pp. 55–56 in vol. 1 of The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, ed. E. Stern. Jeru- salem: Carta, 1993. [Hebrew] Publications of Lee I. Levine xvii

74a. “Excavations at Caesarea.” Pp. 280–82 in vol. 1 of The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, ed. E. Stern. Jerusalem: Carta, 1993. b. “Excavations at Caesarea.” Pp. 1379–82 in vol. 4 of The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, ed. E. Stern. Jerusalem: Carta, 1993. [Hebrew] 75. “Caesarea’s Synagogues and Some Historical Implications.” Pp. 666–78 in Biblical Archaeology Today 1990. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1993. 76. “Introduction.” Pp. 13–32 in Synagogues in Eretz Israel: From Antiquity to the Present, ed. H. Klil-Hahoresh. Tel-Aviv: Israel Defence Forces Educational Division, 1993. [Hebrew] 77. “The Relationship between and Archaeological Finds: Remarks in Response to D. Amit.” Cathedra 68 (1993) 36–40. [Hebrew] 78. “Synagogue.” Pp. 721–24 in The Oxford Companion to the Bible, ed. B. M. Metzger and M. D. Coogan. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 79. “The Synagogue as a Communal Institution: Who Determined Its Policy?” Pp. 1–8 in Proceedings of the Eleventh World Congress of Jewish Studies, divi- sion B, vol. 1: The History of the Jewish People. Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1994. [Hebrew] 80a. “’ Description of the Jerusalem Temple: War, Antiquities, and Other Sources.” Pp. 233–46 in Josephus and the History of the Greco-Roman Period, ed. F. Parente and J. Sievers. Leiden: Brill, 1994. b. “The Temple of Jerusalem: Josephus’ Description and Other Sources.” Cathe- dra 77 (1995) 3–16. [Hebrew] 81. “The Background of the Antiochan Persecutions and the Hasmonean Re- volt.” Pp. 9–20 in In the Days of the , ed. D. Amit and H. Eshel. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 1995. [Hebrew] 82a. “Diaspora Judaism of Late Antiquity and Its Relationship to Palestine: Evi- dence from the Ancient Synagogue.” Pp. 139–58 in Studies on the Jewish Di- aspora in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, ed. B. and A. Oppenheimer. Teʿuda 12. Tel-Aviv: Ramot, 1996. b. “Uniformity and Diversity in Judaism of Late Antiquity: Evidence from the Diaspora Synagogues.” Pp. 379–92 in The Jews in the Hellenistic-Roman World: Studies in Memory of Menahem Stern, ed. I. Gafni, A. Oppenheimer, and D. Schwartz. Jerusalem: Shazar Center, 1996. [Hebrew] 83. “Synagogue Officials: The Evidence from Caesarea and Its Implications for Palestine and the Diaspora.” Pp. 392–400 in Caesarea Maritima: A Retrospec- tive after Two Millennia, ed. A. Ra­ban and K. Holum. Leiden: Brill, 1996. 84a. “The Status of the Patriarchate in the Third and Fourth Centuries: Sources and Methodology.” Journal of Jewish Studies 47 (1996) 1–32. b. “The Status of the Patriarchate in the Third and Fourth Centuries: Sources and Methodology.” Pp. 103–37 in Kehal Yisrael: Jewish Self-Rule through the Ages, vol. 1, ed. I. Gafni. Jerusalem: Shazar Center, 2001. [Hebrew] xviii Publications of Lee I. Levine

85a. “The and Origin of the Palestinian Synagogue Reconsidered.” Jour- nal of Biblical Literature 115 (1996) 425–48. b. “The Nature and Origin of the Palestinian Synagogue Reconsidered.” Pp. 143*–62* in Tehillah le-Moshe: Biblical and Judaic Studies in Honor of Moshe Greenberg, ed. M. Cogan, B. L. Eichler, and J. H. Tigay. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1997. [Hebrew] 86. “Archaeology and the Religious Ethos of Pre-70 Palestine.” Pp. 110–20 in Hillel and : Comparative Studies of Two Major Religious Leaders, ed. J. Charlesworth. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1997. 87. “Beth Sheʿarim.” Pp. 309–11 in vol. 1 of The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archae- ology in the Near East, ed. E. M. Meyers. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 88. “The Revolutionary Effects of Archeology on the Study of Jewish His- tory in Roman–Byzantine Palestine: The Case of the Ancient Synagogue.” Pp. 166–89 in The : Constructing the Past, Interpreting the Present, ed. N. A. Silberman and D. Small. Journal for the Study of the Supplement 237. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. 89. “Hasmonean Jerusalem: A Jewish City in a Hellenistic Orbit.” Judaism 46 (1997) 140–46. 90a. “The Menorah in the Synagogue.” Pp. 99–101 in In the Light of the Menorah: The Evolution of a Symbol, ed. Y. Israeli. Jerusalem: , 1998. [Hebrew] b. “The Menorah in the Ancient Synagogue.” Pp. 109–12 in In the Light of the Menorah: Story of a Symbol, ed. Y. Israeli. Jerusalem: Israel Museum / Phila- delphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1999. 91. “Second Temple Jerusalem: A Jewish City in the Greco-Roman Orbit.” Pp. 53– 68 in Jerusalem: Its Sanctity and Centrality to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, ed. L. I. Levine. New York: Continuum, 1998. 92. “Synagogue Leadership: The Case of the Archisynagogue.” Pp. 195–213 in Jews in a Greco-Roman World, ed. M. Goodman. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998. 93. “Bilderkult IV: Judentum.” Col. 1571 in vol. 1 of Religion in Geschichte und Ge­genwart, ed. J. Persch. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1998. 94. “Synagogue.” Pp. 708–10 in Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, ed. G. Bowersock, P. Brown, and O. Grabar. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999. 95. “The Age of Hellenism: Alexander the Great and the Rise and Fall of the Hasmonean Kingdom.” Pp. 231–64 in Ancient Israel: A Short History from Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple, rev. ed. H. Shanks. Wash- ington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 1999. 96. “The Development of Synagogue Liturgy in Late Antiquity.” Pp. 123–44 in Galilee through the Centuries: Confluence of Cultures, ed. E. M. Meyers. Wi- nona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1999. Publications of Lee I. Levine xix

97. “The Patriarch and the Ancient Synagogue.” Pp. 87–100 in Jews, Chris- tians, and Polytheists in the Ancient Synagogue, ed. S. Fine. London: Routledge, 1999. 98. “The Hellenistic-Roman Diaspora ce 70 – ce 235: The Archaeological Evidence.” Pp. 991–1024 in The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 3, ed. W. Hor­bury et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 99. “Synagogues in the .” Pp. 905–8 in vol. 2 of Encyclopedia of the Scrolls, ed. L. H. Schiffman and J. C. VanderKam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 100. “Les fonctions de la synagogue ancienne.” Pp. 48–54 in Aux origines du chris- tianisme, ed. P. Gé­oltrain. Paris: Gallimard, 2000. 101a. “The History and Significance of the Menorah in Antiquity.” Pp. 131–53 in From Dura to Sepphoris: Studies in Jewish Art and Society in Late Antiquity, ed. L. I. Levine and Z. Weiss. Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 40. Ann Arbor, MI: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2000. b. “The History and Significance of the Menorah in Antiquity.” Cathedra 98 (2001) 7–32. [Hebrew] 102. “Archaeology and the Bible.” Pp. 1339–44 in Etz Hayim: A Commen- tary, ed. D. Lieber et al. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2001. 103. “Synagoge.” Pp. 499–508 in vol. 32 of Theologische Realenzyklopaedie, ed. G. Mueller et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2001. 104. “The First-Century Synagogue: New Perspectives” Svensk Teologisk Kvartal- skrift 77 (2001) 22–30. 105. “Art, Architecture, and Archaeology.” Pp. 824–51 in The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies, ed. M. Goodman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 106. “The First Century c.e. Synagogue in Historical Perspective.” Pp. 1–25 in The Ancient Synagogue: From the Beginning to about 200 c.e.: Papers Presented at an International Conference at Lund University, October 14–17, 2001, ed. B. Olsson and M. Zetterholm. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 2003. 107. “Contextualizing Jewish Art: The Synagogues of and Sep- phoris.” Pp. 91–131 in and Society in the Christian Roman Em- pire, ed. R. Kalmin and S. Schwartz. Leuven: Peeters, 2003. 108a. “The First-Century Synagogue: Critical Reassessments and Assessments of the Critical.” Pp. 168–94 in Studies in the History of Eretz Israel: Presented to Yehuda Ben Porat, ed. Y. Ben-Arieh and E. Reiner. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 2003. [Hebrew] b. “The First-Century Synagogue: Critical Reassessments and Assessments of the Critical.” Pp. 70–102 in Religion and Society in Roman Palestine: Old Questions, New Approaches, ed. D. R. Edwards. London: Routledge, 2004. 109. “Between Rome and Byzantium in Jewish History: Documentation, Reality, and the Issue of Periodization.” Pp. 7–48 in Continuity and Renewal: Jews and Judaism in Byzantine-Christian Palestine, ed. L. I. Levine. Jerusalem: Dinur xx Publications of Lee I. Levine

Center [Hebrew University], Yad Ben-Zvi, and Jewish Theological Semi- nary, 2004. [Hebrew] 110. “Dura Europos.” P. 133 in A Dictionary of Jewish-Christian Relations, ed. E. Kess­ ler and N. Wen­born. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 111. “Sardis.” Pp. 397–98 in A Dictionary of Jewish-Christian Relations, ed. E. Kes- sler and N. Wenborn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 112a. “Figurative Art in Jewish Society.” Ars Judaica 1 (2005) 9–26. b. “The Use of Figural Art and Its Avoidance in Ancient Jewish Society.” Pp. 13–41 in Image and Sound: Art, Music and History, ed. R. I. Cohen. Jeru- salem: Shazar Center, 2007. [Hebrew] 113a. “Bet Šeʿarim in Its Patriarchal Context.” Pp. 197–226 in “The Words of a Wise Man’s Mouth Are Gracious” (Qoh 10,12): Festschrift for Günter Stem- berger on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday, ed. M. Perani. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2005. b. “Bet Sheʿarim and Its Patriarchal Context.” Pp. 115–29 in Man near a Ro- man Arch: Studies Presented to Professor Yoram Tsafrir, ed. L. Di Segni et al. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2009. [Hebrew] 114. “Jewish Archaeology in Late Antiquity: Art Architecture, and Inscriptions.” Pp. 519–55 in The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 4, ed. S. Katz. Cam- bridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 115. “In Search of the Synagogue, Part I: Unearthing the Oldest Jewish Houses of Prayer.” 35/4 (2007) 42–47. 116. “In Search of the Synagogue, Part II: The Temple Destroyed: The Synagogue Takes a Turn.” Reform Judaism 36/2 (2007) 48–54, 60. 117. “In Search of the Synagogue, Part III: A Synagogue Boom of Surprising Di- versity—in Response to Christians? [4th century c.e.–7th century c.e.].” Re- form Judaism 36/4 (2008) 74–80. 118. “In Search of the Synagogue, Part IV: Diaspora Synagogues in Late Antiq- uity.” Reform Judaism 37/2 (2008) 38–44. 119. “Jerusalem in Jewish History, Tradition, and Memory.” Pp. 27–46 in Jerusa- lem: Idea and Reality, ed. T. Mayer and S. A. Mourad. London: Routledge, 2008. 120. “‘Common Judaism’: The Contribution of the Ancient Synagogue.” Pp. 27– 46, 232–37 in Common Judaism: Explorations in Second-Temple Judaism, ed. W. O. McCready and A. Reinhartz. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2008. 121. “Jewish Collective Memory in Late Antiquity: Issues in the Interpretation of Jewish Art.” Pp. 217–54 in Antiquity in Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Pasts in the Greco-Roman World, ed. G. Gardner and K. Osterloh. Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism 123. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008. 122. “Archisynagogos.” Cols. 675–76 in vol. 2 of Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception, ed. H.-J. Klauck et al. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2008. 123. “In Search of the Synagogue, Part V: Women in the Synagogue.” Reform Judaism 37/3 (2009) 42–46. Publications of Lee I. Levine xxi

124. “Synagogues.” Oxford Handbook of Jewish Daily Life in Roman Palestine, ed. C. Hezser. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. 125. “The Age of Hellenism: From Alexander the Great through the Hasmonean Kingdom (332–63 b.c.e.).” In Ancient Israel: From Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple. 3rd rev. and expanded ed., ed. H. Shanks. Wash- ington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, in press. 126. “Judaism from the Destruction of Jerusalem to the End of the Second Jew- ish Revolt: 70–135 c.e.” Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism: Parallel History of Their Origins and Early Development, ed. H. Shanks. Revised ed. Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, in press. 127. “The Emergence of a New Jewish Art in Late Antiquity.” In Was 70 c.e. Really a Watershed? On Jews and Judaism before and after the Destruction of the Second Temple, ed. D. R. Schwartz. Leiden: Brill, in press. 128. “Patriarch, Patriarchate.” Encyclopedia of Religion. 2nd ed. Woodbridge, CT: Macmillan Reference, in press. 129. “Caesarea.” Dictionary of Early Christianity, ed. J. J. Collins and D. Harlow. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, in press. 130. “Jerusalem.” Dictionary of Early Christianity, ed. J. J. Collins and D. Harlow. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, in press. 131. “Jerusalem Temple.” In Dictionary of Early Christianity, ed. J. J. Collins and D. Harlow. Eerdmans, in press. 132. “Synagogue.” In Dictionary of Early Christianity, ed. J. J. Collins and D. Har- low. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, in press. 133. “Israelite Art.” In Hachlili Festschrift, ed. A. E. Killebrew et al. Leiden: Brill, in press. 134. “The Synagogue.” In The Jewish Annotated , ed. M. Brettler and A.-J. Levine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press. 135. “Caesarea.” In Encyclopedia of Ancient History, ed. Roger Bagnall et al. Ox- ford: Wiley, in press. 136. “Patriarchate.” In Encyclopedia of Ancient History, ed. Roger Bagnall et al. Oxford: Wiley, in press. 137. “Jerusalem in the Hellenistic Era (332–141 b.c.e.).” In Sepher Yerushalayim, ed. J. Schwartz, I. Gafni, and R. Reich. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, in press. [Hebrew] 138. “The Synagogues in Jerusalem.” In Sepher Yerushalayim, ed. J. Schwartz, I. Gafni, and R. Reich. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, in press. [Hebrew] 139. “Jerusalem in the Herodian and Early Roman Periods (63 b.c.e.–66 c.e.).” In Sepher Yerushalayim, ed. J. Schwartz, I. Gafni, and R. Reich. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, in press. [Hebrew] 140. “Synagogue Art and the in Late Antiquity.” Journal of Ancient Juda- ism (in press). xxii Publications of Lee I. Levine

Book Reviews

141. “The Causes of 66–70 c.e.: Review of The Roman-Jewish War (66–70 a.d.): Its Origins and Consequences, by M. Aberbach.” Judaism 20 (1971) 244–48. 142. “The Hellenistic Age: The World History of the Jewish People, ed. A. Schalit.” Jewish Social Studies 35 (1973) 161–63. 143. “Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, by E. Goodenough.” Qadmoniot 18 (1973) 66–67. [Hebrew] 144. “Sefer Tiberias, by O. Avissar.” Qadmoniot 25–26 (1974) 62. [Hebrew] 145. “Understanding the Sacred Text: Essays in Honor of Morton S. Enslin in the He- brew Bible and Christian Beginnings, ed. J. Reumann.” Israel Exploration Journal 25 (1975) 181–83. 146. “Césarée de Palestine: Étude historique et archéologique, by J. Ringel.” Israel Exploration Journal 26 (1976) 215–16. 147. “The Joint Expedition to Caesarea Maritima, vol. 1: Studies in the History of Cae- sarea Maritima, ed. C. T. Fritsch. Bulletin of the American Schools of Orien- tal Research Supplement 19.” Israel Exploration Journal 27 (1977) 262–64. 148. “Roman Palestine 200–400: The Land, by D. Sperber.” Israel Exploration Jour- nal 29 (1979) 128–31. 149. “The Menorah, by C. Meyers.” Israel Exploration Journal 30 (1980) 243–45. 150. “The Temple of , by J. Gutmann.” Israel Exploration Journal 31 (1981) 247–49. 151. “The Excavations at Dura Europos, by C. H. Kraeling.” Israel Exploration Jour- nal 34 (1984) 61–62. 152. “Excavation at Hammath Tiberias, by M. Dothan.” Israel Exploration Journal 34 (1984) 284–88. 153. “State and Society in Roman Galilee, a.d. 132–212, by M. Goodman.” Israel Exploration Journal 36 (1986) 115–17. 154. “Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Land of Israel, by R. Hachlili.” Israel Exploration Journal 41 (1991) 212–15. 155. “Galilee in the Mishnaic Period, by A. Oppenheimer.” Zion 57 (1992) 213–16. [Hebrew] 156. “Jewish Civilization in the Hellenistic–Roman Period, ed. S. Talmon.” Scripta Classica Israelica 13 (1994) 205–7. 157. “Seeing and Hearing God with the Psalms: The Prophetic Liturgy of the Second , by R. J. Tournay.” Jewish Quarterly Review 86 (1995) 233–36. 158. “Jerusalem under , by J. Price.” Jewish History 9/1 (1995) 114–15. 159. “Material Culture in Eretz-Israel during the Talmudic Period, by D. Sperber.” Bekhol Derakhekha Daehu: Journal of Torah and Scholarship 1 (1995) 111–14. [Hebrew] Publications of Lee I. Levine xxiii

160. “Ancient Synagogues: Historical Analysis and Archaeological Discovery, ed. D. Ur­ man and P. V. M. Flesher.” Ioudaios Review 5 (August, 1995). ftp://ftp.lehigh​ .edu/pub/listserv/ioudaios-review/5.1995/urman.levine.012. 161. “Die Institution des jüdischen Patriarchen, by M. Jacobs.” Religious Studies Re- view 23 (1997). 162. “The Monarchic Principle: Studies in Jewish Self-Government in Antiquity, by D. Goodblatt.” Jewish Quarterly Review 88 (1998) 317–24. 163. “Sacred Realm: The Emergence of the Synagogue in the Ancient World, ed. S. Fine.” Journal of Roman Studies 88 (1998) 188–89. 164. “Sepphoris in Galilee: Crosscurrents of Culture, ed. R. M. Nagy, C. Meyers, E. M. Meyers, and Z. Weiss”; “Promise and Redemption: A Synagogue from Sepphoris, ed. E. Netzer and Z. Weiss.” Biblical Archaeology Review 25/1 (1999) 66–68. 165. “The Social Structure of the Rabbinic Movement in Roman Palestine, by C. Hez­ ser.” Jewish Quarterly Review 90 (2000) 483–88. 166. “The Holy Place: On the Sanctity of the Synagogue during the Greco-Roman Period, by S. Fine.” Hebrew Studies 41 (2000) 306–11. 167. “Into the Temple Courts: The Place of the Synagogues in the Second Temple Pe- riod, by D. Binder.” The Journal of Religion 81 (2001) 171–72. 168. “ and Its Sages in the Period of the and the , by B.-Z. Rosen- feld.” Zion 66 (2001) 235–37. [Hebrew] 169. “The Sage in Jewish Society of Late Antiquity, by R. Kalmin.” Journal of Semitic Studies 46 (2001) 337–40. 170. “Hellenism in the Land of Israel, ed. J. J. Collins and G. E. Sterling.” Journal of Biblical Literature 122 (2003) 562–66. 171. “Jews and Christians in the Holy Land: Palestine in the Fourth Century, by G. Stemberger.” Journal of Religious History 28/1 (2004) 105–7. 172. “The Jews of as Reflected in the Greek Inscriptions, by L. Roth-Gerson.” Zion 69 (2004) 361–63. [Hebrew] 173a. “The Menorah, the Ancient Seven-Armed Candelabrum: Origin, Form, and Sig- nificance, by R. Hachlili.” Israel Exploration Journal 57 (2007) 119–20. b. “The Menorah, the Ancient Seven-Armed Candelabrum: Origin, Form, and Sig- nificance, by R. Hach­lili.” Qadmoniot 132 (2007) 122–23. [Hebrew] 174. “Sages and Commoners in Late Antique Erẹz Israel, by Stuart S. Miller.” Cathe- dra 131 (2009) 129–32. [Hebrew] 175. “Jewish Literacy in Roman Palestine, by C. Hezser.” Israel Exploration Journal (in press). 176. “Reconstructing the First-Century Synagogue, by Stephen Catto.” Journal of Religion (in press). 177. “Excavations at Ancient Nabratein: Synagogue and Environs, by Eric M. Meyers and Carol Meyers” (forthcoming). xxiv Publications of Lee I. Levine

Internet Course 178. Jerusalem in the Second Temple Period. Jewish Theological Seminary, fall 2001–5. http://www.courses.jtsa.edu/hist/sectemp.

Articles on Contemporary Judaism

179. “The M’sorati School: A Pioneering Endeavor in in Is- rael.” The Melton Journal (Spring–Summer 1983) 5–6. 180. “Masorti Judaism in Israel: Challenge, Vision and Program.” Pp. 381–89 in The Seminary at 100: Reflections on the Jewish Theological Seminary and the Conservative Movement, ed. N. B. Cardin and D. W. Silverman. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary, 1987. 181. “Masorti Judaism in Israel: Challenge, Vision and Program.” Pp. 79–92 in Towards the Twenty-First Century: Judaism and the Jewish People in Israel and America, ed. R. Kronish. Hoboken, NJ: Ktav, 1988. 182. “Religious Pluralism in Israel: A Jewish State or a State for Jews?” Proceedings of the Rabbinical Assembly 50 (1988) 49–69. 183. “TALI Education: Its History and Principles.” Shedemot 112 (1990) 26–33. [Hebrew] 184. “ and : Toward the Twenty-First Century.” Pp. 7–14 in Deepening the Commitment: Zionism and the Conservative/Masorti Movement, ed. J. Ruskay and D. Szonyi. New York: Jewish Theological Semi- nary, 1990. 185. “Jewish Education as a Means of Dialogue between the Religious and Secu- larist.” Yad LʾOri (1993) 37–39. [Hebrew] 186. “The TALI Schools.” Pp. 259–77 in Origins: The Beginnings of Jewish Educa- tional Institutions, ed. W. Ackerman. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1995. 187. “Identification.” In The Tribes of Israel Together: A Dialogue with the President of the State of Israel, ed. S. Eilati. Jerusalem: President’s House, 1996. 188. “Therefore Man Was Created Alone (M. 4:6).” Pp. 25–27 in Hu- man Dignity, ed. A. Satrikovsky. Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, 1998. [Hebrew] 189. “Professor Israel Levine.” Pp. 229–47 in Learning in Jerusalem: Dialogues with Distinguished Teachers of Judaism, ed. S. Freedman. Northvale, NJ: Aronson, 1998.

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