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Airton Borges Da Silva Filho CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DO TRIÂNGULO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E TECNOLÓGICAS CURSO DE CIÊNCIA DA COMPUTAÇÃO SISTEMAS DE INFORMÁTICA PARA TELEFONIA Airton Borges da Silva Filho Uberlândia, Dezembro/2003. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DO TRIÂNGULO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E TECNOLÓGICAS CURSO DE CIÊNCIA DA COMPUTAÇÃO SISTEMAS DE INFORMÁTICA PARA TELEFONIA Airton Borges da Silva Filho Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Ciência da Computação do Centro Universitário do Triângulo - Unit, como requisito básico à obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Ciência da Computação, sob a orientação da Professora Eliane Teresa Borela, Msc. Uberlândia, Dezembro/2003. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com SISTEMAS DE INFORMÁTICA PARA TELEFONIA Airton Borges da Silva Filho Monografia apresentada ao Curso de Ciência da Computação do Centro Universitário do Triângulo - Unit, como requisito básico à obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Ciência da Computação. Eliane Teresa Borela, Msc. (Orientadora) Alfen Ferreira de Souza Júnior, Msc. (Avaliador) Marcos Alberto Lopes da Silva, Dsc. (Avaliador) Silvia Fernanda M. Brandão, Msc. (Coordenadora de Curso) Uberlândia, Dezembro/2003. ii PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Agradecimentos à Todos aqueles que contribuíram de forma direta ou indireta para realização e conclusão deste trabalho. iii PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Resumo No inicio da telefonia, cada aparelho necessitava ter um par de fios para cada destino possível. Esta necessidade de fios inviabilizou, em pouco tempo, a expansão da rede telefônica. Este problema foi resolvido com a invenção da central comutadora de telefones. Desde então, apenas melhorias no processo de comutação e segurança foram desenvolvidas. Já na informática, em pouco tempo grande evolução foi realizada. Computadores tiveram grande aumento no poder de processamento, redução de custo e diminuição de tamanho. O objetivo deste trabalho será mostrar que uma nova área para desenvolvimento de sistemas surgiu: o desenvolvimento de sistemas para serviços de telefonia. Como a concorrência na telefonia está agressiva, novas soluções de serviços agregados são altamente procuradas pelas companhias telefônicas. As centrais telefônicas comunicam entre si através de protocolos de comunicação padronizados. Fabricantes de placas para computadores desenvolveram placas capazes de fazer a comunicação de computadores com centrais telefônicas, possibilitando assim, o desenvolvimento de sistemas de informática que agregam serviços à telefonia. Esta área de desenvolvimento de sistemas ainda possui poucos fornecedores e os produtos desenvolvidos possuem boa aceitação no mercado e preços atrativos para os fabricantes de sistemas. Como exemplo desta união de tecnologias e integração entre uma central telefônica e um computador, existe o sistema do serviço Pré- pago. Sistemas que possuem interações com centrais telefônicas como este podem ter seu desenvolvimento altamente viabilizado em computadores de custo relativamente baixo, facilitando a implementação de serviços à telefonia e diminuindo o custo de operação e desenvolvimento. i v PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Sumário Lista de Figuras........................................................................................................................vi Lista de Símbolos e Abreviaturas............................................................................................vii 1. Introdução.........................................................................................................................1 2. A Telefonia e a Informática..............................................................................................3 2.1 Histórico dos sistemas de telecomunicações.....................................................3 2.2 Como é feita a integração.................................................................................8 2.3 O Presente e o Futuro.......................................................................................9 2.4 Conclusão........................................................................................................12 3. A Integração....................................................................................................................13 3.1 Requisitos básicos para a integração..............................................................13 3.2 Protocolos mais utilizados..............................................................................14 3.3 Os primeiros sistemas a utilizarem a integração............................................16 3.4 Placas para conexão........................................................................................17 3.5 Conclusão........................................................................................................19 4. Soluções Proprietárias de Telefonia X Soluções de Informática....................................20 4.1 Soluções em Plataformas de serviços de telefonia..........................................20 4.1.1 O Sistema de telefonia Pré-pago................................................................21 4.1.2 Valor de aquisição: ....................................................................................24 4.2 Sistema de informática...................................................................................24 4.3 Vantagens de desenvolver uma solução de informática:................................26 4.4 Desvantagem de desenvolver uma solução de informática:...........................27 4.5 Conclusão........................................................................................................27 5. Conclusão........................................................................................................................29 Referências Bibliográficas.......................................................................................................31 v PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Lista de Figuras Figura 2.1 - Uma Rede Telefônica com 8 Terminais .......................................4 Figura 2. 2 - Central Comutadora ...................................................................5 Figura 2. 3 - Conexão de Computadores a Centrais Telefônicas.....................6 Figura 4.4 – O Funcionamento do Pré-Pago...................................................21 v i PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Lista de Símbolos e Abreviaturas API Application Program Interface BSC Base Station Controller CPA Central de Programa Armazenado CPU Central Processor Unit CRM Customer Relationship Management CSP Continuous Speech processing DTMF Dual Tone Multifrecuency HDLC High-Level Data Link Control IN Internet Network INAP Intelligent Network Application Part IS41C International Standart – 41c IDSN Integrated Services Digital Network ISO International Standard Organization IP Internet Protocol ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISUP ISDN user part ITU International Telecommunication Union IVR Interative Voice Response MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol NGN Next Generation Network OSI Open System Interconnetion PDA Personal Digital Assistant PIN Personal Identification Number PSTN Public Switch Telephone Network RDSI Rede Digital de Serviços Integrados RTCP Real Time Control Protocol RTP Real Time Protocol SCC7 Sinalização por Canal Comum Número 7 v ii PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com SCP Service Control Point SIP Session Initiation Protocol SDLC Syncronous Data Link Controller SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SS7 Sistema De Sinalização Numero 7 TCP/IP Transmision Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TUP Telephone User Part TV Televisão UDP User Datagram Protocol URA Unidade de Resposta Audível VoIP Voice over IP v iii PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 1. Introdução A telefonia é uma área que proporciona grande evolução para a humanidade, pois ela permite que informações sejam enviadas para grandes distâncias e até mesmo para áreas que de outra forma seria impossível, de forma instantânea. A evolução da telefonia foi grande em relação a equipamentos de encaminhamento de chamadas e de comutação, mas, em relação à diversidade de serviços e recursos, pouco foi conseguido. A partir do início da década de 90, novos produtos começaram a surgir, como o Pré-pago, a Secretária Eletrônica, os sistemas de reconhecimento de voz e as redes inteligentes que fornecem os serviços de votações por telefone. Uma característica em comum em todos os novos serviços que estão surgindo é a utilização de um computador para fazer a “inteligência” do serviço. Estes serviços, geralmente são oferecidos por uma empresa de telefonia que vende um “pacote fechado”, esquema este, também conhecido como arquitetura fechada, onde só o próprio fornecedor tem conhecimento e autorização para fazer qualquer tipo de ajuste no sistema. Com a evolução da informática, os computadores comumente encontrados no mercado, a partir do final da década de 90, ganharam recursos suficientes para se conectarem a centrais telefônicas e até mesmo substituí-las, nascendo aí, uma nova área para ser explorada pelos profissionais de informática, área esta, ainda 1 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com muito obscura e com grandes resistência por parte dos fornecedores de telefonia, que temem a diminuição de seus
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