Sophisticated Ladies, New York Harlem Production 1999

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Sophisticated Ladies, New York Harlem Production 1999 FONDAZIONE TEATRO LA FENICE DI VENEZIA Sophisticated Ladies, New York Harlem Production 1999. 2 FONDAZIONE TEATRO LA FENICE DI VENEZIA LA FONDAZIONE TEATRO LA FENICE DI VENEZIA presenta DEE DEE BRIDGEWATER eNEW YORK HARLEM PRODUCTIONS in ideato da DONALD MCKAYLE su musiche di DUKE ELLINGTON PALAFENICE AL TRONCHETTO Giovedì 2 dicembre 1999, ore 20.00, turno A Venerdì 3 dicembre 1999, ore 20.00, turno E Sabato 4 dicembre 1999, ore 15.30, turno C Sabato 4 dicembre 1999, ore 20.30, fuori abb. Domenica 5 dicembre 1999, ore 15.30, turno B Domenica 5 dicembre 1999, ore 20.30, fuori abb. Martedì 7 dicembre 1999, ore 20.00, turno D 3 Duke Ellington in un celebre ritratto fotografico. 4 SOMMARIO 7 CLAUDIO DONÀ SOPHISTICATED LADIES OVVERO LA STORIA DEL DUCA 11 CLAUDIO DONÀ UN MAESTRO DEL JAZZ 19 DEE DEE BRIDGEWATER 21 UN PIANISTA DA RISCOPRIRE 23 FRANCO FAYENZ QUELLA VOLTA IL DUCA ALLA FENICE 26 WWW.DUKE ELLINGTON 27 LA LOCANDINA 31 LE SCENE E GLI INTERPRETI DELLO SPETTACOLO 35 BIOGRAFIE 5 Duke Ellington e la sua Orchestra ritratti nel 1933 nel corso di un concerto al Palladium di Londra. 6 CLAUDIO DONÀ SOPHISTICATED LADIES OVVERO LA STORIA DEL DUCA Sophisticated Ladies nasce tre anni dopo la pervisione di Billy Strayhorn. Si tratta in morte di Duke Ellington da un’idea di Do- definitiva di un insieme di composizioni nald McKayle, trovando la sua prima ela- celebri, fra cui estratti dalla Black, Brown borazione in un musical che debutta a and Beige, e di altri brani composti per l’oc- Broadway il 6 marzo 1978 con il titolo di casione. Un lavoro quindi molto simile ad “Duke”. Vengono quindi apportati piccoli un musical, che riflette la vulcanica creati- ma continui cambiamenti, sino ad arrivare vità del Duca. allo spettacolo che conosciamo oggi con il Sophisticated Ladies, dopo il fortunato de- titolo di Sophisticated Ladies. Il nuovo alle- butto del 1981, viene replicato a lungo nei stimento va per la prima volta in scena l’u- teatri di Broadway e quindi portato in giro, no marzo ’81 con ancora maggiore succes- prima per tutti gli Stati Uniti, poi nel Vec- so. A dirigere l’orchestra viene chiamato chio Continente. È proprio durante una Mercer Ellington, figlio di Duke. Coreogra- lunga sosta parigina che una delle sue più fie sfarzose, ballerini, cantanti, attori ma celebri e fortunate interpreti, Dee Dee Brid- soprattutto le inimitabili musiche ellingto- gewater, matura la decisione di lasciare la niane costituiscono le basi del perdurante compagnia per stabilirsi definitivamente successo di un musical che è in fondo an- nella capitale francese. che un doveroso omaggio rivolto, a uno dei Sophisticated Ladies è divisa in due atti che geni musicali del secolo, da Broadway. Un riflettono, simbolicamente, due aspetti del- mondo questo, che non gli è poi così estra- la poliedrica personalità ellingtoniana. Nel neo – si pensi per esempio al periodo del primo si raccontano gli anni dell’afferma- Cotton Club – anche se non riesce mai a zione e del successo, a partire dai fasti del coinvolgerlo pienamente. Questo soprattut- Cotton Club. Si ascolteranno quindi alcune to perché al Duca interessa soltanto la sua gemme della sua prima produzione musi- prodigiosa big-band, il suo strumento di cale, da The Mooche a It don’t Mean a gran lunga preferito, forse più dello stesso Thing, da Solitude alla finale Rockin’in pianoforte. Rhythm, che chiude con un avvincente cre- Per trovare nella sua pur nutrita produ- scendo di suoni e di luci la prima parte. Ma zione qualcosa di simile a una commedia nel primo atto si parla anche dell’Ellington musicale, bisogna risalire al 1965, quando più maturo, di quello che non a torto molti la Century of Negro Progress Exhibition di critici considerano il suo periodo d’oro Chicago gli commissiona, per il centesi- (1939/1942). mo anniversario dell’emancipazione dalla E così, passando attraverso le suggestive schiavitù dei neroamericani, uno spettaco- note della di poco precedente Caravan, lo musicale che va in scena in agosto e vie- sentiremo alcune pietre miliari di quella ne poi replicato più volte nel corso dell’an- produzione, da Cotton Tail a Don’t Get no. Intitolata My People, l’opera pensata da Around Much Anymore, da Something to Ellington comprende musica, balli e canti. Live For alla celeberrima Take the “A” L’orchestra rinforzata da molti solisti ag- Train, brano di Strayhorn che dal 1941, an- giunti è diretta da Jimmy Jones con la su- no della sua composizione, rimarrà per 7 sempre la sigla dell’orchestra. From Me e soprattutto quella che ha ispira- Il secondo atto cerca invece di esplorare il to il titolo del musical, la celeberrima mondo più personale di Ellington, tentando Sophisticated Lady, che verrà proposta pro- di catturarne i segreti attraverso la musica. prio alla fine dello spettacolo. Ma il secon- In fondo è anche un omaggio all’universo do atto offre anche molte altre preziose femminile del Duca, così importante e gemme della produzione ellingtoniana. Ba- sempre presente nella sua scrittura musi- sterà qui ricordare, fra tutte, Duke’s Place e cale. La sensualità, la grazia e la dolcezza Satin Doll, Ko-Ko e Echoes of Harlem, Just di molte sue composizioni non fanno altro Squeeze Me e I Got it Bad And That Ain’t che riflettere il suo modo di intendere l’a- Good. more verso la donna, offrendo diverse im- Sophisticated Ladies ha vinto ben due Tony magini, spesso complementari, delle sue Awards - il premio più prestigioso assegna- muse ispiratrici. Qui troviamo quindi lan- to nel mondo teatrale americano - dopo guide ballad come In a Sentimental Mood e aver ricevuto otto “nomination” nello stes- Dancers in Love, Do Nothing ’til You Hear so concorso. Sophisticated Ladies, New York Harlem Production 1999. 8 Nelle foto due scene di Sophisticated Ladies, New York Harlem Production 1999. 9 Duke Ellington ritratto al tavolo di lavoro. 10 CLAUDIO DONÀ UN MAESTRO DEL JAZZ “Tutti i musicisti dovrebbero un giorno riu- sin da allora notevoli qualità manageriali e nirsi per mettersi in ginocchio e dirti gra- riuscendo presto a formare un proprio zie”. Questa frase di Miles Davis esprime gruppo, che ben presto cominciò a trovare meglio di qualsiasi altra il debito di gratitu- lavoro non solo in città e dintorni, ma an- dine che dovrebbe avere verso di lui non che nel Maryland e in Virginia. Nell’estate solo il mondo del jazz, ma tutta la cultura del 1923, dopo un primo sfortunato ten- musicale americana. Nato a Washington il tativo effettuato qualche mese prima, Duke 29 aprile 1899, il Duca – questo il sopran- riuscì a stabilirsi a New York, formando un nome che venne dato a Edward Kennedy nuovo complesso chiamato The Washing- Ellington all’età di 13/14 anni da un amico tonians. piuttosto aristocratico, secondo cui anche Messo a punto in quattro proficui anni di lui doveva avere un titolo degno della sua lavoro (dal 1923 al 1927) al Kentucky Club raffinata e “nobile” compagnia – è stato di New York, lo stile della big-band di El- senza dubbio il più grande jazzista di tutti i lington si sarebbe affinato ulteriormente al tempi, un musicista davvero completo, poi- Cotton Club, il celebre locale di Harlem che ché le sue attività di compositore, pianista, lo vide protagonista sino al 1931. Quello arrangiatore e direttore d’orchestra sono di che fu definito lo stile giungla, per i suoi ca- fatto inscindibili. Egli non fu solo, come ratteri esotici dovuti all’uso della sordina molti celebri compositori americani, in- wah-wah da parte delle trombe (prima ventore di temi che altri hanno poi fatto Bubber Miley, poi Cootie Williams) e dei propri – anche se alcune versioni di suoi tromboni (Joe Tricky Sam Nanton), trovò brani da parte di Charles Mingus, Ella Fitz- nel sax baritono di Harry Carney, nell’alto gerald e Archie Shepp rimangono memora- di Johnny Hodges e nel clarino di Barney bili – ed ancor meno arrangiatore al servi- Bigard le sue voci più autorevoli e persona- zio di altre orchestre. La sua big-band di- li. Un altro fatto molto più importante, che venne invece – anche quando cambiarono avrebbe influenzato profondamente gli svi- giocoforza alcune delle sue più importanti luppi della sua carriera, fu l’incontro con voci strumentali – essa stessa uno stru- Irving Mills, un impresario ed editore mu- mento, il suo principale anche se non l’uni- sicale assai influente, avvenuto nel 1926. co – l’altro era il pianoforte – mezzo d’e- Divenuto suo agente esclusivo, Mills conn- spressione. In questo Duke fu davvero un vinse Ellington ad ampliare ulteriormente geniale compositore jazz, se non l’unico l’organico del gruppo e a eseguire il più certamente e di gran lunga il più grande. possibile proprie composizioni. Fu inoltre Dopo aver abbandonato gli studi senza il principale artefice della sua scrittura nel neppure diplomarsi nel 1917, Ellington la- celebre Cotton Club, grazie alla quale la po- vorò come fattorino e come cartellonista – polarità dell’orchestra crebbe a dismisura, aveva sempre mostrato una spiccata pro- soprattuttutto grazie alla diffusione in di- pensione verso il disegno e la pittura – ma retta via radio dei suoi concerti in tutti gli soprattutto si dette da fare per introdursi Stati Uniti. nel mondo dello spettacolo, dimostrando In questo primo periodo il Duca compose 11 Duke Ellington e la sua Orchestra fotografati nel 1934 all’Oriental Theatre di Chicago. 12 già vari capolavori, da Black and Tan Fan- concepito – e ne compose davvero molti – tasy a Sophisticated Lady, da Creole Love per mettere in risalto le doti strumentali di Call a The Mooche, da Rockin’ in Rhythm a un singolo solista.
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