Index1

A Adobe Site Catalyst, 144 ABC Color, 170 Adopt, 108, 110, 128 Abraji, 75 Adopted, 56, 59, 61, 64, 68, 70, 85 Abre Latam con Datos, 122, 123 Ads, 59–63, 85 Abu Ghraib, 177 Advances, 4, 64, 78, 84 Academic, 2, 3, 5, 58, 83 Advent, 4 Accountability, 117, 119, 121 Adversaries, 3 Accountability journalism, 98 Advertisements, 140 Accuracy, 167, 184 Advertisers, 60, 63, 64, 139–142 Accurate, 117, 141, 142, 157 Advertising, 3, 14, 35, 37, 39, 57, 59, Acento, 172 60, 62, 78–80, 85, 139–142, Acquisition–Behavior–Conversion 145–148, 153, 197, 198, 202, (ABC), 145 209, 214, 216, 218 Active, 67, 69 Advertising revenue, 56, 63, 82, 84 Active audience, 166 Advocacy, 8 Activism, 33 Advocacy media, 36 Adapt, 58, 64, 77 Aerial flming, 236 Adaptation, 166, 176 Affliate commerce, 61 Adapted, 126 Affliates, 61–63, 66 Adobe Analytics, 145 Africa, 6, 9

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer 263 Switzerland AG 2021 R. Salaverría, M.-F. de-Lima-Santos (eds.), Journalism, Data and Technology in , Palgrave Studies in Journalism and the Global South, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65860-1 264 INDEX

Age, 56 Application, 195–221 Agência Lupa, 81, 82, 239 Applied Semantics, 233 Agência Pública, 172, 202, 211, Arab Spring, 164 213, 228 Argentina, 2, 8, 33, 39, 43, 46, 64, Agencies, 139, 140, 142 66, 71, 73, 74, 81, 86, 101, 105, Agenda, 148, 150, 156, 157 108, 112, 115, 116, 122, 123, Aggregator, 60 129n11, 149, 153, 176, 197, AI, see Artifcial intelligence 207, 211, 215, 216, 218, 219, AI-driven, 233 234, 239, 253, 255n7 Algorithmic, 138 Argentine, 7, 164, 175, 184 Algorithms, 46, 49, 78, 197–200, Armando.Info, 75 203, 215, 233–235, 246, 253 Artifcial intelligence (AI), 138, 213, Alliances, 122, 123, 241, 242, 253 231–236, 253 ALTEC, 253 Attacks, 25, 45 Alternative, 28, 36, 47, 62, 63, 70, 78 Attention, 60, 61, 63, 71, 73, 79, AlterPresse, 172 230, 232, 237, 239, 252 Amazon, 38, 39, 46, 61, 73, 78, 115 Attractive, 138, 144, 149 Amazônia Real, 38–42, 44, 46, 242 Audience participation, 86 America, 139, 147, 152 Audiences, 57–66, 71–75, 77–81, 83, American, 66, 140 84, 86, 87, 99, 106, 116, 123, American Jewish World Service, 76 125–128, 137–158, 165–169, AMIA, 116 171, 173–181, 184–186, 188, Amplitude Analytics, 145 197–200, 202, 203, 206, 207, AMPrensa, 172 209, 211, 212, 216, 219, 231, Analysis, 137, 139, 141, 142, 144, 232, 236–238, 240–250, 254 145, 149, 150, 153, 156 Audio, 209, 217, 218 Analytical, 142, 143, 147, 157 Audiometers, 139–141 Analytics, 138, 141–145, Audiovisual, 137, 139, 141 147–157, 246 Augmented reality (AR), 236, 237 Anfíbia, 218 Australia, 244, 250 Animal Político, 148, 153, 156, 204, Australian Broadcasting Corporation 205, 213, 216, 240 (ABC), 235 Anthropology, 110 Authoritarian, 8, 11–13, 25 Anti-establishment, 13 Authoritarianism, 13 Anti-paywall, 61 Automated Insights, 233 Anzoategui, 219 Automated journalism, 234–236 Ao Ponto, 217 Automated solutions, 234 Aos Fatos, 66, 69, 70, 81, 211, 239, Automation, 102, 231, 232, 234 240, 244, 253, 255n1 Autonomies, 11, 13 AP, 235 Autonomous, 8 APIs, 70 Available, 116, 117, 119–121 Apple, 78 Average time, 172 INDEX 265

Avina Foundation, 253 , 2, 8, 11, 13, 14, 28, 32, 33, Awards, 99–102, 107, 114, 127 38–41, 60, 61, 66, 71, 72, 74, Award-winning, 115, 120 86, 101, 104, 105, 113, 120, 121, 123, 128n1, 128n2, 129n8, 140, 163, 164, 176, 179, 189n1, B 196, 197, 199, 200, 206–208, Bacio di Latte, 61 210–218, 234, 235, 239, 242, Banking, 3 244, 247–249, 253, 255n6 Basômetro, 104, 128n1 Brazilian, 36, 38, 46, 61, 62, 65, 66, Bay and Paul Foundation, 76 69–72, 81, 84, 86, 87n1, 99, BBC, 235, 247 112, 121, 123, 125, 203, 207, BBC News, 247 210, 214, 219 BBC World, 76 Brazilian Conference of Investigative Beats, 87 Journalism, 75 Behaviors, 57, 78, 138, 140, 142, Breaking news, 65 144, 145, 148, 152 Broadcaster, 215 Beirut, 164 Broadcasting, 140 Benchmarking, 101 Broadcasts, 139, 197, 208, 209, 216 Benefcial, 124 Brutal, 12 Beneft Clubs, 85 Bubbles, 124–126 Beneft program, 64 Buenos Aires, 219 Best practice, 101 Building blocks, 84 Big tech, 230, 231, 243–244, 253 Bundles, 66 Bing, 79 Business model innovations Bloggers, 173, 177 (BMI), 57–59 Blogs, 165, 169, 175, 177, Business models, 27, 39, 43, 46, 47, 179, 189n5 55–87, 108, 114, 115, 141, 142, Bloody, 12 146–152, 185, 197, 200, 201, BMI, see Business model innovations 214, 220, 221, 230, 242, 243, Bolivia, 2, 12, 13, 33, 106, 120, 250, 252 130n19, 171, 173, 211, 240, 250 Business strategies, 66, 68–71, 80, Bolivian, 106, 111 82, 85, 231, 242, 244, 249, Bolsonaro, Jair, 210, 214 250, 252 Book, 2, 5, 7, 11, 217 BuzzFeed, 60–62, 86, 250 Borders, 4, 7 Bot, 70, 81 Bounce rate, 144, 145 C Boundaries, 5, 56, 108, 109, 111, Cabildeo Digital, 173 112, 117, 124, 126 Cable News Network (CNN), Branches, 6 237, 247–249 Brand, 59–63, 66, 69, 80 Café da Manhã, 217 Branded content, 60, 62 Cambridge Analytica, 199 266 INDEX

Campaigns, 140, 145, 199, 204, 205, Chequeado, 73, 82, 83, 101, 108, 209, 214 116, 218 Canal Capital, 211 Chequeado Educación, 82 Capabilities, 4, 59, 64, 102, 113, 126 Chile, 2, 13, 33, 39, 42, 74, 81, 169, Capacities, 113 179, 196, 213 Capital, 63, 83, 86 China, 118 Captured liberalism, 3 Cinema, 35 CAR, see Computer-assisted reporting Ciper, 74, 179 Caracol Televisión, 140 Circulating, 210 Caribbean, 2, 13, 118 Circulation, 28, 29, 39, 44, 49, Car Leaks, 71 60, 139–141 Carmelo Portal, 172 Circumstances, 12 Cars, 238 Cisneros-Venevisión, 8 Carto, 114, 115 Civil society, 28, 121, 122, Car Wash, 71, 72 126, 129n15 Casino, 195–201, 220 Clarín, 8, 64, 170 Catapult, 125 Classifying, 142 Censorship, 12, 25, 42, 45 Cláudio Weber Abramo Central America, 2, 7, 13, 76, 103, Awards, 99, 101 113, 118, 119 Click, 173 Central American, 205 Clientelism, 7–9 Centro de Periodismo Investigativo Clientism, 12 (CPI), 83 CLIP, see Centro Latinoamericano de Centro Latinoamericano de Investigación Periodística Investigación Periodística Cloud computing, 237–238 (CLIP), 241 Clubs, 64 Cerosetenta, 74 CMS, see Content Chamber of Deputies, 105 Management System Changes, 24, 25, 27–30, 33, 46, 49, CNN, see Cable News Network 55, 57, 58, 69, 75, 79, 84, 86, CNN Brasil, 248, 249 110, 114, 115, 122, 128, 166, Co-creators, 67, 69 167, 176, 178, 181, 184, Co-founders, 65, 67, 75, 80 198–200, 215, 220, 230, 232, Coined, 58 233, 238, 243–245, 248, 250, #Colabora, 40, 41, 43, 45, 242 251, 254 Colaboradados, 101, 121 Channels, 61, 62, 79, 140, 167, Cold War, 4 174–176, 180–182, 186, 197, Colectivo Voces, 44, 45 202, 209–213, 216 Collaborates, 121, 180 Chartbeat, 144, 145, 154 Collaborating, 41, 47 Charts, 115, 125 Collaboration, 28, 33, 34, 41, 42, 45, Chatbot, 213, 220 47, 49, 56, 63, 69, 83, 100, 108, Chequea Bolivia, 240 122, 127, 230, 235, 241, 242, 246 INDEX 267

Collaborative, 25, 34, 36, 43, 45, 67, Comprova, 240 99, 102, 106, 107, 113, 124, Computer-assisted reporting 126, 128n6, 165, 166, 175, (CAR), 98, 104 178, 184 Computers, 24, 25, 30 Collaborative journalism, 241–242 Computer , 234 Collaborators, 63 Computer vision (CV), 235, 253 Collected, 141, 142, 145, 147, 151 ComScore, 144, 145 Collective, 6, 33, 45, 56, 68, 72 Concentration, 8, 10 Colombia, 2, 28, 38, 40, 64, 66, 71, Confere.ai, 240, 253 72, 74, 81, 83, 101, 106, 110, Conficting, 12 112, 121–123, 126, 140, 153, Confictive, 8 169, 179, 202, 204, 207, 211, Conglomerates, 8, 11 216, 240 Connections, 124, 127 Colombia Check, 240 Con Pruebas, 240 Colombian, 72, 83 Consejo de Redacción, 110 Colonial, 8, 12 Conservative, 57, 58 Colonialism, 5 Consolidated, 10, 14 Colonization, 7, 12 Consolidation, 14, 126 Colonizers, 8 Construction, 3 Comics, 240, 241, 255n1 Constructivist-interpretive, 31 Comment, 165, 166, 169, 173, 175, Consultancy, 83 177, 188 Consulting, 74, 76 Commentary, 9 Consume, 138 Comment sections, 168, 169, Consumers, 27 173–175, 181 Consumption, 55, 139–141, 143, 155 Commercial, 3, 15, 138–140, Content Insights, 145 146–148, 152 Content Management System Commodities, 243 (CMS), 81 Communication, 3, 4 Content-oriented, 151, 154, 155 Communities, 68, 69, 73, 81–84, 99, Continents, 4, 12 100, 103–105, 107, 110, 114, Continuous, 58, 79 117–127, 147 Contributions, 165, 166, 168, 173, Comparing, 10 177, 179, 185, 186, 188 Comparison, 9 Convergence, 25 Compete, 65, 86, 144, 147 Convoca, 74, 75, 88n4, 101, 107, Competition, 100, 101, 139, 140 117, 235 Competitive, 139 Convoca DeepData, 117, 129n14 Competitive advantage, 5 Cookies, 142 Competitiveness, 56 Cooperation, 25, 102 Competitors, 58, 67, 78–82 Cooperative, 67 Compilation, 85 Coronavirus, 115, 179, 180, Complex, 4, 12, 13 182–184, 209 268 INDEX

Correio Sabiá, 214 Cultures, 2, 5–7, 15, 102, 109, 112, Corruption, 13, 72, 76, 103, 116, 117, 121 118, 121, 122, 129n9 Customer Relationship Management Costa Rica, 2, 12, 64, 81, 87, 118, (CRM), 81 153, 173, 179 Customers, 57, 61, 138, 144 Costa Rican, 116 Cutting-edge, 101 Costs, 4, 60, 64, 78, 84 Cyberactivism, 78 Countries, 1–9, 11–14, 139, 140, Cyber-surveillance, 13 144, 148, 150, 152, 153, 157 COVID-19, 61, 70, 72, 77, 81, 87, D 114, 115, 117, 129n8, 179, 180, The Daily, 217 183, 184, 199, 208, 216, Dashboards, 145 250, 253 Data, 25, 30–32, 34, 38–40, 42, 44, Coyuntura, 173 47, 48, 59, 61, 73–76, 78, 80, CP, see Cuestión Pública 97–128, 137–145, 147–151, CPI, see Centro de Periodismo 153–157, 199, 201, 205, 210, Investigativo 220, 221, 230–234, 237, 241, Crash, 57 242, 246, 251, 253, 254, 255n4 Creative, 62 Database, 119, 120, 130n16 Creative destruction, 58 Datablog, 98 Creatively, 58 Data desks, 104, 107–114 Creativity, 56 Data-driven, 12, 72, 73, 76, 83 Credibility, 167, 168, 183, 186 DataFest, 123 Credible, 167, 182, 187, 188 Datafed, 238 CRHoy, 173, 179 Data-infused, 128 CRHoy.com, 153, 156 Data journalism, 2, 15, 97–128 Crime, 12 Data Journalism Awards, 99, 101 Cristina Kirchner, 116 Data journalists, 100, 103, 106, CRM, see Customer Relationship 108–114, 117, 118, Management 122–124, 127 Crowdfunding, 37, 40, 41, 71, Data points, 125 72, 75, 83 Data projects, 99, 101, 104–106, Crowdsourcing, 185 119, 126 Cuba, 2, 13, 33, 44, 45, 74, 153, 169, Data reporting, 98, 114, 120, 128 179, 180, 249 Data science, 87 Cubans, 120, 130n18, 149 Datasketch, 110, 112, 117, Cuentas Juradas, 175, 246 122, 128n5 Cuestión Pública (CP), 38, 40, 43, Data skills, 103, 105 110, 121 Data stories, 99, 114, 120, 123, 126 Cultural, 2, 8, 29, 31, 33, 39, 47, 152 Data techniques, 101 Cultural capital, 100, 101 Data units, 112, 114, 116 INDEX 269

Data visualization, 81, 88n7 Digital media, 16, 27, 28, 34–39, Datawrapper, 114, 115 41, 42, 46–49, 108, 110, DDJBR, 123 115, 117, 126, 144, 145, Debunking, 70 147–150, 153–157, 165, Decentering, 6 168, 175, 181 Decision-making, 128 Digital narratives, 103 Decisions, 137–158 Digital native, 3, 14, 15, 62, 78, 88n3, Declines, 14, 60, 64, 78, 79 148–150, 153, 157, 168, 171, De Correspondent, 66 185, 189n6 Decreasing, 58 Digital native media, 234, 250 DeepData Convoca, 75 Digital news natives, 196, 200, 202, Democracies, 5–7, 9, 10, 12, 56, 203, 205, 208, 209, 214, 216 73, 87, 146 Digital platform, 195–201, Democratic, 3, 8, 11, 139 206, 210–219 Democratization, 8, 9 Digital technologies, 98 Denominator, 2 Dimensions, 139, 150 Deploy, 116, 126 Direct, 61 Deregulated, 3, 4, 8 Director, 60, 65, 72, 75, 85, 148, Deregulation, 13 149, 154, 198, 200, 203, 205, Desgrabador, 116 209, 217, 218 Destruction, 58 Disaster, 148 Deutsche Welle, 199 Discourse, 239, 249 Developed, 61, 62, 71, 76, 79, 86, 87, Discrimination, 121 88n4, 139, 140, 143, 144, 152 Disincentives, 7 Developers, 114, 116 Disney, 247 Developing, 2, 5, 59, 81 Disparity, 8 Development, 3, 4, 6–8, 10–13, 15, Disrupted, 57 55, 57, 66, 74, 76, 83, 84, 87, Disruption, 4, 5, 29, 46, 48, 50 98, 99, 106, 109, 116, 121–123, Disruptive, 58, 238 127, 129n10, 137, 138, 152 Disseminate, 25, 42–44 Devices, 138–141, 144, 150, 154 Disseminating, 80 De-Westernizing, 6 Dissemination, 238 Diario de Cuba, 170 Distribution, 27–29, 39, 137, 203, Diario , 170 210, 211, 215, 218 Dichotomy, 4, 68 Diverse, 2, 5 Dictatorships, 12 Diversifcation, 84 Difference, 124 Diversity, 2, 5 Diffculties, 31, 36, 37, 47, 48 Divisions, 2, 10 Diffusion, 166 Documentaries, 197 Digital, 56–60, 65, 66, 71–77, 79, Documents, 25 84–87, 138, 139, 141–144, Dominance, 5 149, 150 Dominant, 6, 11, 196 Digitalization, 55–87 Dominican Republic, 2, 171 270 INDEX

Donations, 37, 40, 47, 63, 66, 67, 71, El Colombiano, 211 73–75, 77, 83, 86, 214 El Comercial, 106 Donors, 153 El Comercio, 171 Dot.com, 241 El Deber, 106, 111, 120, 211 Double-bias problem, 100, 127 El Diario de Hoy, 170 Drops Estadão, 207 elDiario.es, 67, 76 Dutch, 66 Elections, 199, 210, 214 Dynamics, 56, 58, 59, 68, 80 , 169, 179 El Faro, 153, 155, 156, 183, 200, 202, 204, 205 E El Intercambio, 76, 104, 113 Early adopters, 56 El Mercurio, 169 Earthquake, 148 El Mostrador, 179 eBay, 72 El Mundo, 170 EBC, see Empresa Brasil de El Nacional, 64, 170 Comunicação El Nuevo Diario, 170, 211 Ecology, 10 El País, 170, 235, 247 E-commerce, 61 El Pitazo, 74 Economic, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13–15, El Procesador, 39 24, 25, 27–29, 31, 39, 49, 145, El Sabueso, 240 147, 152, 157 El Salvador, 2, 13, 81, 103, 118, 119, Ecosystem, 9, 56, 58, 87, 87n1, 122, 122, 123, 153, 170, 172, 142, 229, 230, 232, 239, 242, 200, 204 249, 251, 252 El Siglo Digital, 171 Ecuador, 2, 13, 33, 62, 65, 80, 85, El Surtidor, 74, 173, 180, 211 171, 173, 174, 180, 184 , 64, 106, 107, 110, 182 Ecuador Chequea, 42, 44 El Tigre, 209 Ecuadorian, 62, 63, 80, 85 El Toque, 74 Editorial, 11, 62, 76, 80, 138, 141, El Universal, 101, 107, 120, 170, 144, 148, 149, 154–156, 167, 211, 212 171, 185 El Universo, 170 Editor-in-chief, 199 El Vistazo, 209, 211 Editors, 69, 75, 138, 141, 145, 148, Email, 62, 68, 69, 205, 212, 214 153, 154, 201, 203, 204, Emergence, 55, 78, 143 206–208, 211, 212 Emerging, 58, 213, 214, 218 Education, 9, 31, 35–37, 48, 152, 153 Emojis, 212, 214 Educational, 81, 82, 85, 86 Empathy, 39 EFE, 234 Employment, 152 Efecto Cocuyo, 75, 80, 107, 173, 240 Empowering, 68 Effective, 99, 105, 106, 124 Empresa Brasil de Comunicação Effectiveness, 108–113 (EBC), 249 Effciency, 108–109 Endogamous, 124, 126, 127 El Ágora Digital, 32, 39, 43, 46, 211 Endogamy, 124, 125 INDEX 271

Enforcement, 8 Facebook Messenger, 213, 220 Engaged, 67 Facebook News Funding, 204 Engagement, 41, 61, 66–70, 171, Face-to-face, 86 173–175, 179, 181, 183–186, Fact-based, 6 198, 201–206, 209, 217, Fact-checking, 33, 39, 47, 239–240, 219, 236 247, 252, 253 Engaging, 68, 84, 207 FactChecking.cl, 42, 45 Entertainment, 148 FactMachine (FactMa), 70 Environment, 232, 238–240, 243, Factors, 2, 4 245, 251, 252 Fake news, 43 Epistemologies, 109 False, 239, 240, 252, 255n1 Escola de Dados, 104, 105 Family, 3 Escola N, 66, 83 Farming, 3 Escuela Cocuyo, 76 Farra no Fiés, 104, 128n2 Escuela Convoca, 75 Fast-changing, 59 Escuela de Datos, 103 Fatigue, 66, 68 Estadão Dados, 104, 105, 125 Fátima, 70, 81 Estadão Notícias, 217 Fato ou Fake, 239 Estadão Verifca, 239 Favela media, 36 Europe, 7, 8 Favelas, 36 European, 5, 8, 139, 140 Fear, 12 Events, 61–63, 66, 69, 73, 82–83, Feedback, 138, 157, 168, 173, 175, 85–87, 103, 105, 106, 179, 185 122–124, 129n11 Fernandez, Alberto, 216 Evo, 120, 130n19 Files, 106, 119 Evolution, 7, 14, 15, 57–59, 75, 82, Films, 24 84, 233, 236–238, 246, 248 Filtering, 142 Evolves, 229 Finance, 76, 77, 79 Excavación Ciudadana, 205 Financed, 141 Excel, 115, 119 Financial, 11, 57, 61, 63, 66, 67, 71, Excellence, 101, 107, 125 73, 77, 81, 82, 84, 145, 176, Executive, 6, 60, 84 183, 185 Executive-editor, 62 Financing, 62, 73, 75, 76, 78 Expectations, 143 First Look Media, 72 Expensive, 98, 113–115 Fixes, 68 Experiences, 56, 57 Flourish, 114, 115 Focus groups, 139 FOI, see Freedom of information F Folha, 199, 217 FAANGs, 78 Folha de S. Paulo, 176, 179, 197, 198, Facebook, 43, 44, 70, 73, 78–82, 169, 200, 217, 222n6 173, 174, 181, 195–210, 213, Force, 2, 7 220, 221, 221n1, 230, 231, 243 Ford Foundation, 40, 76 272 INDEX

Forests, 7 Galicia Bank, 73 Foundations, 3, 5, 40, 63, 66, Game, 236, 240 70–77, 83, 86 Game-changer, 236 Founders, 38, 43 Gamifcation, 125, 240 Fourth estate, 5, 14 GCS, see Chrome Suggestions Fourth state, 56 GDA, see Grupo de Diarios América Fragile, 28, 42 GDP, see Gross domestic product Fragmentation, 58 GEN, 99 France, 2, 244 Geographical, 137, 154 Free, 63, 64, 78, 83, 143–145, Geojournalism, 104, 115 149, 157 Germany, 102, 250 Freedom of expression, 56, 75 Gifts, 71 Freedom of information (FOI), 12, Gig, 78 13, 118–122 GIJC, see Global Investigative Freedom of information access, 38 Journalism Conference Freedom of information GK, 62, 63, 65, 80, 85, 173, 174, laws, 118–122 180, 184 Freedom of information legislation, GK.city, 62 118, 120, 122 GK Studio, 62, 85 Freedoms, 3, 12 Global, 2, 4, 11, 98, 100, 103 Freemium, 64 Global Investigative Journalism French Guiana, 2 Conference (GIJC), 105 Friendship, 122, 124 Globalization, 1, 4, 5, 57, 108 Frontera Seca News, 172 Globally, 102, 118, 127 Front-page, 138, 156 Global South, 1–16, 42, 48, 59, 152, Fuel, 62 157, 233, 234, 239 Fundación La Voz Pública, 73 Globo, 8, 11, 196, 197 Fundamentals, 1 GloboEsporte.com, 196 Fund for Global Human Rights, 76 Globo News, 216 Funding, 37, 39, 40, 49, 56, 71, 74, GNI, 215 77, 86, 205, 215, 221 Gold-standard, 99, 100 Fundraising, 66, 71–73, 76, 86 Google, 65, 73, 78–82, 169, 174, Funds, 37, 40, 66, 73–77, 81, 86, 87 199, 200, 214–216, 220, 221, Funes, 116, 129n9 230, 231, 235, 243, 244, Future, 56, 57, 65, 67, 72, 77, 85, 86 246, 253 Google Analytics, 144, 145, 154 Google Chrome Suggestions G (GCS), 199 Gabo, 205, 243 Google Discover, 199 Gabo Prize, 99 Google News Lab Latam, 215 Gabriel García Márquez Google Trends, 70 Award, 218 Governmental, 74 INDEX 273

Governments, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 13, 25, Historical, 8, 11 44, 45, 48, 104, 117–122, 126, History, 101–108 129n7, 130n19, 249, 254 Hivos, 76, 77, 106 Granma Internacional, 169, 170 Homepage, 155 Grant-giving, 78–82 Homicide, 12 Grants, 63, 72, 73, 77, 81 Homogeneity, 2, 5 Graphic, 240 Homogeneous, 124 Graphs, 125 Homogenized, 1, 4 Greek, 209 Homophilous, 124, 126, 127 Greenwald, Glenn, 71 Homophily, 124 Gross domestic product (GDP), 7 Honduras, 2, 13, 103, 118, 119, 173 Grounded theory, 31 Horas, 114, 115 Growing, 67, 70 Horizontal, 3 Growth, 4, 6, 7, 56, 60, 75, 88n3 Human, 1 Grupo de Diarios América (GDA), Human rights, 33, 39, 47, 119, 122 101, 106 Hurricane Katrina, 166 , 196, 197 Hybrid, 57, 74, 86 The Guardian, 56, 98, 237 Hybridization, 57 Guatemala, 2, 81, 83, 88n6, 103, 118, 119, 122, 123, 153, 169, 173, 179, 204, 205, 211, 240, I 244, 252 ICFJ, see International Center for Guatemalan, 76, 83 Journalists Guerilla, 12 ICIJ, see International Consortium of Investigative Journalists ICT, see Information and H communication technologies Hacks/Hackers, 102, 104 Ideas, 56, 58, 70, 81, 85 Haiti, 171 Ideological, 3, 5, 9 Haiti Progress, 170 Ideology, 8 Hands-on-experience, 110 IDL, see Instituto de Defensa Legal Hard, 63, 64, 80 IDL-Reporteros, 76, 77, 173 Hard news, 148 IFERS, see Institute for Education, Harmony, 6 Research, and Scholarships Head, 215 IGTV, 207, 208 Headlines, 138, 144, 154 Igualdades, 125 Hegemonic, 31 IJNet, 217 Helicopters, 236 Immediacy, 79 Heterogeneity, 9 Immediate, 137 Heterogeneous, 152 Immersion, 27 Hewlett Foundation, 76 Impacts, 3, 9, 13, 41, 43, 49, 57, 64, High-echelon, 71 77, 78, 82 274 INDEX

Imperial Censorate, 118 Institute for Education, Research, and Improvements, 58 Scholarships (IFERS), 148 Impunity, 13 Institute of Technology and Inception, 114 Society, 82 Income, 59, 62, 63, 66, 73–76, Instituto de Defensa Legal (IDL), 77 81–83, 141, 147, 154 Instrumentalization, 8 Independence, 6, 12, 15 Interactions, 124, 141 Independent, 32, 33, 35, 36, 39, Interactive, 67 41–43, 47 The Intercept, 172 Indicators, 143, 144, 150–152, The Intercept Brasil (TIB), 71, 72, 86, 154, 156 181, 182, 186, 203, 208, 211 Indie Criollo, 39, 44 Interdisciplinary, 109 Industry, 1–16, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 64, Interests, 1, 3, 12, 15, 138–140, 143, 66–68, 71, 74, 75, 78, 81, 144, 148, 149, 157 85–87, 88n4, 88n5, 165 Intermediaries, 78–80, 84 Inequality, 3, 5, 7 International, 3, 4 InfoAmazônia, 115 International Center for Journalists Infobae, 153, 156, 208, 216, 217 (ICFJ), 74, 104, 117 Infogram, 114, 115 International Consortium of Infographics, 63, 240 Investigative Journalists Informatics, 110 (ICIJ), 105–107 Information and communication , 3, 4, 26, 27, 30, 44, 61, 63, technologies (ICT), 27, 29, 48, 78, 87, 98, 102, 141, 142, 157, 84, 103, 229, 230, 232, 238 165, 166, 168, 175, 179, 188, Infotainment, 146 197, 198, 200, 210, 211, 214, Infrastructures, 114, 220, 221 215, 219–221 In-house, 115–117 Internet of Things (IoT), Initiatives, 2, 4, 198, 203, 204, 206, 231, 237–238 207, 213, 214, 216, 218, 221 Internews, 76 Innovate, 27, 49, 56, 99, 113 Intervention, 10 Innovation management, 58 Interviews, 139, 147, 149, 153, 154 Innovations, 1–5, 14, 25, 26, 31, 34, Invasion, 7 41, 44, 48–50, 56–59, 74, 81, Invention, 139 84, 101, 116, 117, 121, 166, Investigation, 62, 71, 72 171, 181, 206, 207, 219 Investigative, 28, 98, 100, 105, Innovative, 15, 34, 37, 47, 58, 59, 67, 107, 122 70, 112, 126, 137, 238, 243, 253 Investigative journalism, 33, 99, 100, Inspiration, 60 102, 107, 112, 117, 148 Instagram, 43, 44, 70, 79, 174, 181, Investments, 3 183, 201, 207–211, 220, 237 IoT, see Internet of Things Instagram stories, 178, 181, 186 iPhone, 173 Instant Articles, 197, 198 Iran, 177 INDEX 275

Iraq, 177 171, 175, 176, 183, 218, 234, Isolation, 83, 86, 180, 181 235, 246, 253 Italy, 181 Landing, 151 Landscape, 153 Languages, 2 J La Noticia, 173 JavaScript, 116 La Patria, 211 Jornal do Commercio, 240, 253 La Prensa, 170, 211 Jornal Nacional, 163, 189n1 La Prensa Gráfca, 170 JOTA, 86, 235, 253 La Republica, 164, 169 Journalism, 1–10, 14–16, 97–128, La Silla Vacía, 66, 110, 153, 155, 139, 145, 146, 148–153, 156, 156, 172, 202, 204, 211, 240 157, 199, 202, 204, 214, 215, La Tercera, 170 218–220, 231–234, 236–238, Latin, 2 240–243, 245, 246, Latin America, 2–5, 7–15, 23–50, 248, 252–254 55–87, 99–103, 105–108, 114, Journalistic, 23–27, 29–31, 33, 35, 117–120, 122, 126, 130n20, 37, 41–43, 45–49, 138, 139, 138, 139, 152, 153, 155, 158, 141, 143, 145–150, 152–157 163–188, 195, 196, 198, 199, Journalistic product, 30 201, 207, 208, 210, 211, Journalists, 25, 28–30, 34, 38, 41, 215–217, 220, 232, 233, 235, 42, 44, 45 240, 241, 243–245, 247, JS Timeline, 115 248, 251–254 Judicial, 6 Latin American, 2–4, 6–8, 11, 13, 14, Judiciary, 84 16, 26–28, 31, 34–39, 41, 46–49, 56, 59, 65, 75, 82, 86, 87, 99, 105, 110, 111, 114, 127, 140, K 152–157, 165, 168–176, 178, Key performance indicator (KPIs), 144 184–188, 196, 198, 200, 201, Knowledge, 56, 59, 65, 66, 68, 75 204, 206, 210, 212, 216, 218, KPIs, see Key performance indicator 219, 229–254 Laura Poitras, 71 La Verdad del Esta, 172 L Laws, 4, 12 Labo B, 74 Layoffs, 12 Laboratory, 4 Learning, 100, 110, 112, 113, 126 Lack, 2–4, 11, 15, 111, 113, 114, Learning capabilities, 113 116, 122 Learning clubs, 107 La diaria, 66–68, 81, 122 Lebanon, 164 La Gaceta, 173 Left, 8, 9 La Nación, 64, 101, 105, 112, Legacy, 59, 60, 65, 77, 87, 168, 171, 114–116, 122, 123, 164, 170, 176, 185 276 INDEX

Legacy media, 3, 15 Maldita.es, 108 Legal, 3, 6 Malofej, 99, 101 Legislation, 13 Management, 58, 59, 68, 81, 138, Legislative, 6, 84 146, 149 Le Monde, 81 Managers, 67, 69, 70, 145, 153, 205, Lenfest Institute, 66 208, 209, 215, 246, 253 Le Nouvelliste, 171 Managua, 120 Les Decodéurs, 81 Marginal cost, 78 Liberal, 8, 10, 11, 56 Marginalization, 8 Liberalism, 3 Marginalized, 112 Libertad Digital, 172 Market‐based, 146 License, 61–63, 65, 85 Marketing, 61–63, 138, 143, 149 Lifestyle, 148 Markets, 56, 57, 68, 70, 85, Limit, 3, 6, 14 142, 144–148 Limitations, 127 Maryland, 164 Limited, 98, 113, 114, 120 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Listeners, 138, 139 (MIT), 139 Listening, 139 MDZ, 172 Listin Digital, 170 MDZ Online, 149 Literacy, 8 Measure, 138, 141, 142, 145, 147 Live, 200, 206, 208, 209, 216 Measurement, 138–141, 143, 150 Live stream, 206, 208 Mechanisms, 213 Loading, 151 Medellin, 182 Local, 57, 59, 73, 86 Media, 1–16, 137, 138, 141–154, Logbooks, 140 156, 157 London, 177, 247 Media brands, 2, 3 London bombings, 164, 166 Media business, 56, 58 Loop, 172 Media companies, 56, 63, 64, 71, 77, Los Angeles Times, 233 80, 84, 86, 98, 128, 138, 139, Los Tiempos, 106, 111, 120, 171 147, 196–198, 201, 214 Low cost, 141 Media conglomerates, 56 Luminate, 71, 74, 76, 253 Media corporations, 14 Media ecosystems, 4, 7, 27, 28, 43, 49 M Media environment, 29, 31, 48, 58 Machine learning, 233, 234, 253 Media industry, 128 Madrid, 177 Media markets, 3, 9, 10, 14 Magazines, 64 Media organizations, 23–50, 56, 57, Mainstream, 29, 47 63, 66, 68, 71–73, 75, 77, 79, Mainstream media, 28, 29, 31, 38, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 143, 230, 49, 65, 177 231, 236, 242, 244, 247, Maintain, 75 252, 254 INDEX 277

Media outlets, 26, 33, 36, 41, 58, 59, Misinformation, 70 62, 63, 65, 74, 76, 79, 138, Misleading, 239, 240, 252, 255n1 143–145, 148, 150, 153, 154, MIT, see Massachusetts Institute of 156, 165, 167, 168, 177, 180, Technology 236, 246, 249, 252 Mitigate, 113 Media sector, 3, 7 Mixed stream revenue, 60 Media systems, 1–3, 7–13 Mobile, 151, 198, 210, 212 Member-funded, 63 Models, 3, 5, 6, 15, 55–87 Members, 66, 68, 69, 71, 74, 81, 171, Modus operandi, 29, 33, 84, 238 174, 175, 179–181, 184 Monetary, 147 Membership Puzzle, 66 Monetization, 211, 214–216, 218 Membership Puzzle Project, Money, 63, 66, 72–74, 77, 85, 87, 67, 69, 70 195, 197, 205 Memberships, 63, 66, 77, 84, 177, Monitored, 139 185, 216, 218 Moral, 6 Memes, 60 , 106 Mercantile, 146 Movement, 4, 9, 12, 121, 122 Merchandise, 61–63, 85 MSN, 62, 85 Messaging, 16 MSN News, 247 Messaging applications, 195–221 MTV, 247 Messenger, 81 Multicultural, 7, 33 Metered, 64 Multifaceted, 4 Methodology, 145 Multimedia, 35, 44 Methods, 98, 99, 110, 119, 120, Multiple, 85, 86 123, 127 Multi-revenue stream, 75 #MeToo, 251 Music, 139 Metrics, 137–158 Mutually, 124 Mexican, 103, 107, 115, 117, 120, MyNews, 248 205, 219 Mexico, 2, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 28, 60, 71, 74, 76, 81, 101, 116, N 120–122, 140, 148, 153, 170, Narrative, 234, 236, 240 172, 197, 204, 207, 210, 211, National, 57, 62, 64, 86 213, 215, 216, 235, 240, 244, National Congress, 116 247, 253, 255n5 National Public , 219 Mexico City, 7 Native advertising, 60 Micropayments, 47, 58 Native Science, 233 Middle East, 6 Natural, 7 Milenio, 170 Natural language generation Millionaire, 195 (NLG), 233 Mindset, 58, 126, 128, 241, 242, 248 Natural language processing Ministry of Health, 216 (NLP), 235 Miradas del Centro, 39 Needs, 143, 144, 149 278 INDEX

Negative, 64, 68 127, 138, 142, 145, 146, Negotiation, 109, 110, 118 148–156, 166–168, 173, 174, Neoliberalism, 9 177–180, 182, 184–188, 202, Netfix, 78 205, 208, 230, 232, 234, 235, Networks, 103, 122, 124, 139, 168, 238, 241, 242, 245, 174, 178, 182 246, 251–254 Neutrality, 6 News work, 156–158 New players, 57 Newsworthiness, 149 News, 137–158 Newsworthy, 167, 187 News agency, 234 New York, 166 News companies, 201, 202, 204, 206, The New York Times, 56, 66, 68, 210, 211, 215 217, 236 News cycle, 164 Nexo Jornal, 65, 66, 83, 86, 101, 203, News ecosystem, 27, 29, 44 204, 221 Newsgames, 240–241 NGO, 73 News industry, 60, 66, 81 NGP, 235 Newsletters, 62, 68, 69, 73, 84, 212 ÑH Awards, 101 News media, 1–16, 56, 59, 68, 71, NICAR, 102 73–77, 79, 81, 83–87, 165, Nicaragua, 2, 13, 118–120, 130n16, 168, 176, 177, 196, 197, 203, 173, 211, 244, 249 204, 206, 209, 212, Nicaragua Investiga, 120, 130n17 215, 218–220 Nicaraguan, 219 News media companies, 197, 198 Niche, 123, 127 News nerds, 109, 111, 112 Nielsen, 140, 141, 144, 145 News organizations, 25, 27, 30, 47, Nine-building blocks, 59 49, 56, 60, 63, 64, 66, 67, 71, Nómada/Nomada, 150, 153, 156, 72, 74, 77, 79–81, 85, 98, 107, 173, 204, 205, 211 116, 120, 201, 204, 208, 209, Non-advertising, 60, 85 211, 213–215, 217, 219 Non-governmental, 104, 117 News outlets, 58, 62, 64–67, 72, 75, Non-media organizations, 102 82, 164–166, 168, 175–180, Non-proft, 71, 73, 74, 77, 86 185–187, 196, 202, 203, 207, Nordic, 118 213, 217, 219 Norms, 4–6, 8, 108–110, 233, 238, Newspapers, 8, 14, 137, 138, 140, 239, 248, 251 141, 146, 152, 156, 168, 169, North, 4–6, 12 182, 197, 199, 207, 209, 210, North American, 140 214, 217 Northern, 5, 13 News product, 65, 82 Northern Triangle, 103, 119 News reporting, 6 Not-for-proft, 116, 126 Newsrooms, 25, 30, 39, 45, 49, NSA, 71 56–58, 60, 65, 98, 99, 101–103, Nueva Nación, 172 105, 107, 109, 111–116, 123, Nuevas Miradas, 172 INDEX 279

O Owners, 197, 221 O Assunto, 217 Ownership, 9, 10, 13, 114 Objectivity, 6 OXFAM, 76 O Estado de S. Paulo, 198, 200, 206, 207, 211, 213, 217, 221 Off-the-shelf, 114, 115 P Of Information Society, 5 Pageviews, 143–145, 154 , 170 Paid, 64, 71, 73, 83, 143–145, 157 OjoBiónico, 240 PALTA, see Periodistas de América Ojo con mi pisto, 76, 83, 103, 122 Latina para la Transparencia Ojo Público, 101, 115, 122, 129n8, Panama, 2, 13, 118, 120, 127, 175, 235, 240, 241, 246, 253 171, 173 Old-fashion, 56 , 102, 105, 107 Omidyar, Pierre, 72 Pandemic, 61, 63, 70, 72, 77, 81, 83, ONA, 99, 101 86, 87, 114, 115, 117, 129n8, One-person, 112 129n13, 179–182, 184, 208, One-size-fts-all, 201 209, 216, 231, 250–254 Online, 57, 63, 78, 79, 82, 83 Panels, 140 Online Journalism Awards, 99, 101 , 102, 105 Online-only, 168 Paraguay, 2, 74, 127, 171, 173, Open data, 103, 117–123, 126, 127 180, 211 Open Knowledge Foundation, 101, Parallelism, 9–11 104, 105 Parse.ly, 199 Open Society, 76, 77 Participating, 177 Open Society Foundation Participation, 67–69, 86, 99, 105, (OSF), 76, 77 110, 121, 122, 124, 126, Operative system, 151 167–169, 174–176, 181, Opinion (s), 138, 146, 154, 166, 171, 185, 188 175, 179, 183 Participatory, 67 Opportunities, 4, 57–59, 65, 75, 79, Particularities, 2 80, 82, 83 Parties, 8, 10 The Optimist, 68 Partisans, 9, 245 Organizations, 25–30, 32–36, 39–49 Partnerships, 61, 72–75 OSF, see Open Society Foundation Patagonia, 7 Outbreak, 199, 209 Path, 57, 59–64, 71 Outlets, 14, 15, 99, 103, 104, 106, Patterns, 2, 11, 12, 16, 139–141, 144, 107, 109, 110, 113–116, 165, 145, 153, 156 167–169, 171, 173–176, Pay-by-bundle, 66 178–181, 185, 186, 196, 200, Payment, 64, 66, 70, 78, 144 204, 205, 209, 211, 212 Paywalls, 58, 64, 65, 87 Out-of-the-box, 113–117, 127 PDFs, 64, 173 Outsourcing, 113 Peacefulness, 13 280 INDEX

Peculiarities, 1 Pluri-ethnic, 33 Penny, 141 Podcasts, 209, 216–218 Pequeñas Inocentes, 106, 128n3 PODER, see Project on Organization, Performance, 143, 145, 148–152, 154 Development, Education, and Periódico Hoy, 171 Research Periodismo de Barrio, 180 PoderData, 62, 85 Periodismo de Investigación, 172 Poder em Foco, 62, 85 Periodistas de América Latina para la PoderIdeias, 62, 85 Transparencia (PALTA), 122 PoderMercado, 62, 85 Personnel, 111 Point (s), 139, 143, 144, 150, 153, Persuades, 138 154, 156–158 Peru, 2, 13, 39–41, 74, 76, 81, 88n4, Pokémon, 237 88n5, 101, 116, 117, 122, 123, Polarization, 9 129n9, 129n14, 173, 197, 235, Policies, 31, 62, 77–79, 148–150 240, 242, 255n2, 255n4 Political, 2, 3, 7–12, 24, 25, 31, 44, Peruvian, 74, 75, 77, 115, 117, 45, 49, 114, 119, 121, 129n9, 164, 175 152, 199, 210, 230, 245, 247, , 72 248, 252, 253, 255n4 Philanthropic, 63, 71–74, 76, 77, Politicians, 30, 62, 71, 72, 84, 104 86, 87, 103 Politics, 62 Philanthropic institutions, 37, 40 Ponte Jornalismo, 74 Philanthropy, 75 Popularity, 4 Philosophy, 146 Population, 2, 6–8 Photojournalist, 26 Portable, 64 Photos, 175, 186 Portugal, 8, 32 Physical space, 25, 41 Portuguese, 2 Piauí, 113, 125, 218 Position, 57 Pictures, 240, 244 Positive, 141 Pioneer, 140 Posta, 74, 218 Pivot, 197, 221 Postdata.club, 101, 120 Place, 1, 4, 13, 15 Powers, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 64, 67, Placement, 144, 155 79, 84, 146 Platformization, 45, 78 Practices, 5, 7, 15, 23–27, 29–35, 39, Platforms, 30, 33, 43, 44, 46, 49, 62, 41–45, 47–49, 56, 98–104, 70, 72, 75, 78–82, 88n5, 108–110, 113, 118, 122, 124, 112–115, 117, 119, 120, 123, 126, 127, 195, 210, 215, 128n6, 129n14, 130n17, 138, 232–234, 243–246, 248, 251 142–145, 156, 157, 167–169, Praxeology, 23–50 171, 178, 181, 182, 186, Praxis, 24, 26, 29, 34 196–221, 239, 243–245, 247, Precarious, 12, 13, 37, 47 248, 252, 253 Preferences, 138, 139, 142, 144, 148 Plaza Pública, 83, 103, 111, 118 Premium, 70, 75, 82 Plurality, 10, 11 Prensa Libre, 179 INDEX 281

President, 199, 214, 216, 217 Projeto Lupe, 81 Presidente da Semana, 217 Promote, 101, 103, 112, 118, Presidential, 199, 210 121, 126 Press, 3, 6, 7, 9–11, 141, 143, 152 Propaganda, 28, 245 Press freedom, 9, 11, 13–14 ProPublica, 200 Press Freedom Index, 87 Pública, 200 Print, 60, 64, 168, 171 Publications, 3, 14, 141, 148, Private, 3, 8, 11 151, 156 Privately-owned, 8 Public interest, 28, 45 Problems, 4, 12, 13 Public opinion, 3, 6, 14, 56, 62, 146 Processes, 58 Public relations, 109 Producers, 214, 215, 217, 218 Publics’ content, 168, 179 Production, 24–29, 41, 45–47, 49, Public service, 184, 185, 188 56, 57, 62, 63, 67–69, 78, 79, Public service media, 13 165–168, 175–178, 185, 186 Publishers, 56, 60, 62, 64–67, 74, 78, Product manager, 69 79, 81, 82, 84, 195–207, 209, Products, 58, 60–66, 70, 76, 78, 84, 211–213, 217–221, 230, 238, 86, 88n7, 138, 141 242, 244–246, 251–253 Profession, 23, 29, 30, 33, 44 Publishing, 3, 14, 15 Professionalism, 10 Puerto Rico, 2, 83 Professionalization, 9, 10, 138 Python, 112 Professionals, 1–6, 14, 15, 138, 142, 145, 146, 150, 152–154, 157, 158 Profles, 108–113, 137–140, 143, Q 144, 153, 156 Quakebot, 233 Proftability, 61 Qualitative, 139, 143, 144, 150, 153, Proftable, 56, 84 154, 157 Profts, 142, 145–147 Quality, 15, 56, 62, 76, 79, 80, 84, 86 Programmatic ads, 59, 61, 85 Quantifcation, 139 Programming, 139, 140, 142, 145 Quantifed, 137–142 Programs, 139, 140 Quantitative, 139, 143, 144, 150, 157 Progressive, 9 Questionnaires, 139, 153 Project manager, 112 Quizzes, 60 Project on Organization, Development, Education, and Research (PODER), 76, 101, 116, 117, R 122, 129n13, 214, 235, Radar, 70 253, 255n5 Radar Aos Fatos, 70, 75, 81, 87n1 Projects, 62, 63, 70, 72–74, 76, 77, Radio, 3, 139–141, 146, 175, 249 81–86, 88n3, 88n6, 101–104, Radio Ambulante, 218 106, 107, 110, 113, 115, 116, Rádio Novelo, 218 120–122, 124, 127, 240, 241, Rafael Landivar University, 83 244, 253 Rating, 139, 140, 154 282 INDEX

Readers, 64, 66, 67, 73, 74, 88n7, Revenue streams, 58, 59, 64, 65, 138, 141, 150, 153, 155, 156 68–70, 72, 73, 75–77, 81, Readerships, 63 83–87, 244 Real-time, 137, 138, 141, 149 Revista Factum, 172 Recognition, 60, 71, 73 REVISTA NIÚ, 119 Recommendations, 99 Revolutions, 12, 58 Reconceptualize, 56, 58 Reward, 141 Record, 139, 141 Rights, 56, 62, 65, 73, 76, 77, 83 RED/ACCIÓN, 66, 68, 69, 74, 81, , 82 180, 184, 242, 243 Risks, 4, 6, 13 Rede Globo, 14, 140 Robot journalism, 233 Red LatamChequea, 73 Robot LaBot, 213, 214 Red PALTA, 122 Robot-written, 234 Redundancy, 12 ROI, see Return over investment Reforms, 8, 10 Role, 25, 29, 31–33, 38, 46, 49, Regional, 2, 57, 64 98–100, 109, 111, 117, 165, Regulations, 3, 8–10, 13, 80, 167, 176, 185, 188, 229, 233, 195, 197 236, 243, 246, 250 Regulatory, 6 Rousseff, Dilma, 70 Relationships, 5, 8, 11, 67, 69, Routines, 1, 3, 4, 15, 24, 25, 29, 31, 77, 79–81, 84, 119, 122, 48, 180, 181, 183, 232–234, 124, 128, 129n9, 166, 167, 238, 248, 251 174, 177, 180, 184, 185, RSF, 87 187, 188, 198, 200, 202, Rule of law, 119 216, 219, 220 Rules, 3, 4, 6, 13 Reliable, 187 Rumors, 70 Reporting, 68, 75 Runrun, 172 Reports, 59, 63, 70, 71, 73, 75 Rutas del Conficto, 72, 83, 86, 101, Research and development 110, 126 (R&D), 254 Researchers, 3 Resin, 124 S Resources, 25, 37, 40–49, 100, 111, Salaries, 12 113–115, 124, 137, 141, 144, Sale, 37, 40 145, 156, 157 Salvadoran, 200, 219 Restricted, 64 Sandbox, 114 Retailers, 61 Santiago, 218, 219 Return over investment (ROI), 145 , 7, 104, 164, 217, 219 Reva and David Logan Foundation, 77 Scahill, Jeremy, 71 Revenue, 57–62, 65–68, 72, 73, 75, Scandal, 71 78, 80, 82, 84–87, 197, 198, Scarcity, 25, 43, 46, 108, 111 201, 204, 205, 209, 216 Scenario, 56 INDEX 283

Schemes, 63, 64, 72, 76 SND, see Society for News Design School of Data, 101, 103, 104 Snowball, 59 School of Law, 83 Snowden, Edward, 71 Schumpeter, Joseph, 58 Social, 6, 9, 12, 24, 27, 29, 31, 38, Science, 87 39, 43–47, 49 Scrollytelling, 116 Social media, 9, 16, 25, 27, 30, 33, SDG, see Sustainable 43, 46, 61, 62, 69, 79, 80, 109, Development Goal 143, 171, 174, 175, 177, 178, Search, 199, 200, 215 183, 195–221, 239, 243–244 Search terms, 151 Social media platforms, 78–80, 83 Seattle International Foundation, 76 Social networks, 25, 26, 30, 43, 44, Selling, 61, 85 164–166, 169, 173, 175, SembraMedia, 74, 117 178–179, 181–183, 186, 196, SEMrush, 145 199, 200, 203, 207–209, 219 Senate, 105 Social platforms, 79 Serendipia, 115, 117, 121, 129n13 Social sciences, 35, 98, 110, 112 Server, 142, 143 SocialTIC, 103 Services, 58, 64, 68, 76, 79, 84–86, Social Value, 85 202, 212, 220 Society for News Design (SND), 101 Sessions, 150 Socioeconomic, 137, 143, 152 Seu Panorama, 214 Solutions, 58, 68–70, 74, 81, 84, 87, Shaped, 56 98, 113–117, 119, 123, 126, 127 Share, 107, 123, 165, 168, 175, 182 Solutions journalism, 242–243 Share buttons, 169, 173, 174, 188 Songs, 139 Shareholders, 220 Sources, 59, 61, 62, 66, 69, 71–73, Sharing, 102, 175, 177 77, 81, 83, 85, 86 Shifts, 57 Sources of income, 58, 61, 63, Shortage, 107, 114 73, 77, 85 Shortlist, 113 South, 2, 4, 5, 9, 12 Siglo XXI, 169 South America, 129n8 Sigma Awards, 99, 101, 113, Southern, 5, 6, 8 116, 121 Soviet Union, 4 Similarweb, 169 Spain, 8, 32, 67 Sin Embargo, 172 Spanish, 2, 14, 103, 108, 216, 218, Single, 5, 6 234, 247, 248 Site-oriented, 151, 154, 155 Speakers, 235, 237 Skills, 56, 75, 97, 103, 111, 113, 114, Specifc, 141–143, 145, 148 123, 126 Speed, 55, 79 Slowly, 58 Sponsored, 69 Smart, 235, 237 Sponsored content, 37, 60, 62, 85 Smartwatches, 237 Sponsoring, 60 Snapchat, 79, 197, 207, 237 Sponsorship, 153 284 INDEX

Sports, 148 Sustain, 56, 60, 72, 75, 76, 86, Spotify, 200, 201, 209, 216–219 124, 127 Stability, 6, 11 Sustainability, 28, 36, 39–40, 48, Stages, 58 55–87, 243, 254 State, 3, 8–10, 12–14 Sustainable, 15, 39, 40, 47, 57, 74, 84 Stations, 139 Sustainable Development Goal Statistical, 3, 98 (SDG), 118 Statistics, 145, 150 Sustained, 68, 74 Statuses, 210, 211 Swiss Army Knife, 97–102, 126, 127 Status quo, 3, 13, 29, 50 SwissLeaks, 105 Stories, 163, 164, 166, 171, 175, Symbiotically, 79 177–184, 188, 189n1, 196, 203, Syndication, 63, 85 206–211, 217, 218 Synergy, 109 Storytelling, 98, 111, 113, 115, 116, Systematic, 156 119, 123, 125, 178–183, Systems, 138–145, 147, 150, 151, 186–188, 241 153, 154, 156, 157 Strategic, 15, 74, 80, 219–221 Strategic value, 97–128 Strategies, 25, 26, 28, 33, 40, 42, 43, T 47, 48, 56, 58, 59, 61–66, Tableau, 114, 116 69–71, 73, 79, 82, 84, 85, 100, Tablet, 151 125, 137, 138, 142, 143, Tabloidization, 149 145–148, 153, 197, 199, 201, Tags, 142 212, 216, 220 Taizong, 118 Stratifcation, 12 Talk-show, 62, 85 Streaming, 83, 244 Tang, 118 Stress, 6, 14 Target, 148 Structures, 3, 8, 12, 102, 108, 111 Tasty, 61 Students, 82, 83 Team(s), 100, 104, 112, 113, 116, Subscribers, 201–206, 213, 214, 216 117, 120, 121, 123, 124 Subscriptions, 37, 58, 64, 66–68, 71, Tech companies, 66, 79, 80, 82 86, 87, 114, 115, 117, 137, 145, Tech giants, 196, 198, 206, 219, 220 153, 177, 204, 214, 218, 221 Techint, 73 Subsidy, 74 Technical, 109, 111 Sudestada, 172 Technifcation, 30 SúperAmigos, 205 Techniques, 61, 84, 104, 105, Support, 57, 61, 63, 66, 67, 71, 107, 126 73–77, 81–83 Technological, 4, 15, 24, 26, 29, 30, Supporter, 204, 205 34, 55, 57, 64, 78, 80, 229–233, Survival, 56, 84, 185 236, 244, 253, 254 Survive, 56, 80, 84, 87 Technological progress, 98 INDEX 285

Technologies, 4, 5, 7, 23, 24, 28–30, Traffc, 144, 145, 147, 154, 156, 41, 48, 49, 55–58, 60, 62, 64, 196–201, 209 70, 73, 79, 81, 87, 97–102, Traffc-oriented, 151, 154, 155 111–113, 117, 122, 123, 137, Training, 76, 82, 83 138, 141, 144, 157, 229–238, Transactions, 142 240, 241, 243, 245, Transform, 126 246, 252–254 Transformations, 1–16, 25, 27, 31–34, Telecommunications, 66 49, 55, 57, 58, 229, 231, 245, Telefe, 215 248, 254 Telefónica, 247 Transformed, 55, 61, 67, 78, Telegram, 123, 169, 174, 213, 244 109, 112 Telephone, 25, 138, 139 Translation, 63 , 8, 11, 14, 140 Transmit, 141 Television industry, 140 Transnational, 3, 15 Televisión Nacional de Chile Transparency, 62, 65, 76, 103, (TVN), 114 117, 121 Televisions, 3, 14, 24, 139–141, 146, Trends, 145, 152, 156 168, 175, 197, 207, 215, 216, Trigger, 58 248, 249, 251 Trump, Donald, 199 Temporary, 63, 78–82 Truth, 6, 184, 187 Temporary grants, 253 TV, 62, 210, 218 Tensions, 109 TV Folha, 197 Terra, 196 TV Globo, 101 Tertiary, 9 TVN, see Televisión Nacional de Chile Theories, 3, 5, 6, 11 Tweeters, 177 Third-party, 114, 117, 127 Twitter, 44, 70, 79, 80, 169, 174, Threats, 12, 13, 16 181, 182, 196, 197, 203, 208, TIB, see The Intercept Brasil 219, 253 Tiempo Digital, 170 Typology, 150 TikTok, 219 Tools, 58, 76, 80, 81, 87n1, 97, 99, 100, 102–104, 110, 113–117, U 121, 124, 126, 127, 137, 138, UBA, see University of Buenos Aires 141, 143–145, 147–150, 157, Uber Eats, 164 197, 199, 200, 204, 206, UGC, see User-Generated Content 208–213, 219, 221, 232, UK, 250 237–241, 244–246, 252–254 UN, see United Nations Tracking, 142, 144 Uncertain, 56, 58, 86 Trade agreements, 2, 4 Uncertainties, 6 Trademark, 60, 61 Unique, 143, 152, 154 Traditional, 56, 57, 59–61, 63–66, 85 United Kingdom, 199 Traditional model, 56, 84 United Nations (UN), 40, 118 286 INDEX

United States, 102, 114, 139, 147, Venezuela, 2, 8, 9, 13, 64, 74–76, 80, 199, 200, 219 107, 173, 209, 211, 219, United States (US), 3, 5, 6, 76, 81, 240, 249 164, 166, 248, 250 Venezuela a la Fuga, 107 United States Agency for International Venezuelan, 249 Development (USAID), 76 Venture capital, 63 Unity, 6 Versatile, 111, 117 Universal Declaration of Human Viability, 176, 185 Rights, 118 Vice, 76, 218, 237, 250 Universities, 83 Vice Brasil, 250 University of Buenos Aires Videos, 24, 26, 43, 116, 125, (UBA), 110 164, 165, 168, 175, UOL, 123, 196, 200, 211, 234 177–179, 181–183, Uruguay, 2, 66, 67, 81, 122, 169, 240 186, 196, 197, 204, Uruguayan, 67 207–209, 214–216, US, see United States 236, 248, 252 USAID, see United States Agency for Videotapes (VT), 24 International Development Violence, 3, 4, 7, 12–14, 110, 113, USA Today, 237 121, 126, 128n3 User experience, 151, 155, 246 Viral, 60 User-Generated Content (UGC), 15, Virtual, 86 163–188, 245–246 Virtual reality (VR), 236, 237 User journeys, 246 Vision, 146 User participation, 175, 180, 185 Visit, 143–145, 150 Users, 137, 140–145, 148, 150, Visitors, 142, 143, 154 154, 164–188 Visual, 240, 244 Users’ content, 165–167, 177–179, Voice-based, 235 183, 186 VOLT Data Lab, 235 Users’ contributions, 171 VR, see Virtual reality Ushuaia, 7 VT, see Videotapes

V W Value chain, 128 The Wall Street Journal, 56, 64 Value proposition, 138 Wars, 12, 139 Values, 56, 57, 59, 63–70, 77–80, 84, Washington Post, 68, 82 184, 186, 187, 231, 236, 238, Watchdog, 104, 121, 148–150 239, 252, 254 Waves, 5, 6, 9, 78, 231, 238 Vanguardia Liberal, 211 Wayka, 39–43, 45, 242 Vaza Jato, 71, 72, 74 Wearables, 231, 237–238 Velocidad, 74, 75, 88n3 Web, 64, 143, 147–149, 165, 166, Vendor, 85, 86 185, 187 INDEX 287

Web analytics, 138, 142–145, 147, Working, 8 148, 150–157 Workshops, 82, 83 Web metrics, 15 World Press Freedom Index, 152 Website, 142–145, 148, 150, World War II, 139 151, 154, 156, 157, 196, Worldwide, 1, 4 198, 199, 206, 207, 209, World Wide Web Consortium, 104 212, 213, 218 Wrongdoings, 104 West, 98 Western, 1–7, 12, 56, 59, 63, 98, 100–102, 110, 152, 157, Y 236, 239 Yahoo! News, 247 WhatsApp, 39, 44, 123, 169, 174, Ymedio, 149, 153, 156, 179 210–214, 220, 244, 253 YouTube, 62, 70, 79, 80, 181, 182, Wikileaks, 102 186, 197, 209, 214–216, 244, Willingness, 58, 63 248, 249 Winning awards, 100 Women, 28, 33 Word, 119 Z Workforce, 48 Zero, 78