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Gaziantep İli Sınırları İçindeki Fırat Ve Asi Havzası Akarsuları Balık Faunası

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Gaziantep İli Sınırları İçindeki Fırat Ve Asi Havzası Akarsuları Balık Faunası Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 3 (1): 107-115, 2010 ISSN: 1308-3961, www.nobel.gen.tr Gaziantep İli Sınırları İçindeki Fırat ve Asi Havzası Akarsuları Balık Faunası Sevil BİRECİKLİGİL Erdoğan ÇİÇEK* Nevşehir Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Nevşehir, TÜRKİYE *Sorumlu Yazar Geliş Tarihi : 06.12.2009 e-posta: [email protected] Kabul Tarihi : 09.01.2010 Özet Bu çalışma Ocak-Aralık 2008 tarihleri arasında Gaziantep ili tatlı su balık faunasını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gaziantep ili sınırları içerisinde, Fırat ve Asi nehir havzası ile bağlantısı bulunan tatlı sulardan elde edilen balık örneklerinin sistematik açıdan incelenmesi sonucunda 9 familyaya ait 36 tür tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen tür sayısı dikkate alındığında Gaziantep ilinin tatlı su balık faunası bakımından zengin olduğu iddia edilebilir. Bu zenginliğin il sınırları içerisindeki akarsuların iki farklı su havzasının (Fırat ve Asi havzaları) etkisi altında olmasından kaynaklandığı iddia edilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gaziantep, tatlı su balıkları, Fırat Havzası, Asi Havzası Freshwater Fish Fauna of the Rivers Flow to Euphrates or Orontes Rivers in Gaziantep Abstract This study was carried out from January to December 2008 in order to determine the freshwater fish fauna of Gaziantep. A total of 36 fish species were determined belonging to 9 families in Gaziantep water bodies linked with Euphrates and Orontis rivers basins. As a result, it can be claim Gaziantep has a rich species diversity for the freshwater fish fauna. Reason of rich species diversity can be explain by Gaziantep freshwater affected by both Orontis and Euphraticus river basin. Keywords: Gaziantep, fresh water fishes, Euphraticus River, Orontis River GİRİŞ havzası [19-27] balık faunasını belirlemeye yönelik olarak da yapılmıştır. Belli bir il/bölge veya coğrafyadaki Tatlı sular biyolojik ve ekolojik yönden büyük öneme balıkların dağılımı ile ilgili çalışmalar ise oldukça sahip olan doğal kaynaklardır. Bu doğal kaynaklardaki sınırlıdır [8,28-30]. biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması ve devamlılığının Kuru [31], Türkiye İç Su Balıklarının Son Sistematik sağlanması açısından bu ortamlarda yaşayan canlı Durumu adlı çalışmasında, bugüne kadar Türkiye türlerinin tespit edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır [1]. iç sularında 26 familyaya ait 236 tür ve alt türün Batılı ülkelerde bu yöndeki çalışmaların geçmişi çok yaşadığını bildirmektedir. Ancak son yayınlanan yeni eskilere dayanırken, Türkiye’de tatlı su balıkları ile ilgili kayıt bildirimleri ile bu sayı artmaya devam etmektedir ilk kayıt Abbolt [2] tarafından verilmiştir [3]. Takip eden [15,16,18,32-34] yıllarda verilen kayıtların tamamı Türkiye’yi ziyaret Bu çalışma ile daha önce çalışılmamış olan Gaziantep eden yabancı araştırıcıların toplayıp götürdükleri müze ili akarsuları balık faunasının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. örneklerine dayanmaktadır. 1940’lı yıllardan itibaren Türk bilim insanlarınca da bu tür çalışmalar yapılmaya MATERYAL VE METOT başlanmıştır [4-10]. Ancak Türkiye’den yeni tür veya ilk tür kayıtları, son yıllarda dahi, çoğu kez yabancı bilim Gaziantep ili Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi içerisinde, adamları tarafından yapılıyor olması da dikkat çekici bir 36° 28’ ve 38° 01’ doğu boylamları ve 36° 38’ ve 37° durumdur [11-18]. Bu durumun böyle devam etmesinin 32’ kuzey enlem dereceleri arasında yer almakta olup; en büyük sebebi, sahip olduğumuz su kaynakları ile ilin büyük bir kısmında yarı kurak Akdeniz iklimi ilgili detaylı ve tarama şeklinde çalışmaların yetersizliği hakimken, Islahiye ve Nurdağı ilçelerinde ise az yağışlı gösterilebilir. Akdeniz iklimi hüküm sürmektedir. Ancak Gaziantep ili Son yıllarda çok sayıda üniversite, enstitü ve İç ve Doğu Anadolu’dan sarkan soğuk hava akımlarının araştırma kurumuna mensup araştırıcılar tarafından etkisine de maruz kalabilmektedir [35]. balıklar ile ilgili çalışmalar yürütülmüş ve yürütülmeye Örnekleme çalışmaları Temmuz-Aralık 2008 devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmalar belli bir türün biyo- tarihleri arasında, Gaziantep ili sınırları içerisinde yer ekolojik özellikleri, popülasyon dinamiği parametreleri alan akarsularda yürütülmüştür. Ancak, örnekleme vb konularda olabildiği gibi, belli bir akarsu/akarsu imkanlarının el vermemesi nedeniyle, Şanlıurfa- 108 S. Birecikligil ve E. Çiçek / Bibad, 3 (1): 107-115, 2010 Gaziantep il sınırları arasında yer alan Türkiye’nin en sayısı, Yanal çizgi pul sayısı, farinks dişi sıra ve sayısı) büyük akarsuyu olan Fırat Nehri çalışma dışı tutulmuştur. ise masa tipi ışıklı büyüteç ve ihtiyaç duyulduğunda Gaziantep ilinin başlıca akarsuları olan Karasu Deresi stereo mikroskoptan yararlanılarak sayılmıştır. Bazı (Araban), Merzimen Deresi (Yavuzeli), Nizip Çayı türlerde bu yüzgeçlere ilaveten kuyruk yüzgecindeki ışın (Nizip), Afrin Çayı (Şahinbey-Nurdağı) ve Karaçay sayıları da belirlenmiştir. Yüzgeçlerdeki sert ışın sayıları Deresi (Islahiye) ile söz konusu derelere dökülen roma rakamı ile gösterilmiştir. küçük akarsu kollarında yürütülmüştür. Örnekleme Tür tayinleri morfometrik ve meristik özellikleri göz istasyonlarına ait GPS koordinatları şu şekildedir: önünde bulundurularak tayin anahtarları kullanılarak yapılmıştır [3,9,10,36-38]. Ancak söz konusu tayin 3 7 o 28΄06,9΄΄N/37 o 3 6 ΄ 5 7 , 2 ΄ ΄ E ; anahtarları ile sonuca ulaşılamadığı durumlarda daha 3 7 o 24΄22,5΄΄N/37 o 3 1 ΄ 4 9 , 1 ΄ ΄ E ; önce tür tanımlamalarının yapıldığı yayınlardan 3 7 o 22΄35,9΄΄N/37 o 2 9 ΄ 2 2 , 5 ΄ ΄ E ; yararlanılmıştır [32,39-43]. Türlere ait sinonimlerle ilgili 3 7 o 25΄78,9΄΄N/37 o 3 7 ΄ 8 1 , 7 ΄ ΄ E ; bilgiler ise Eschmeyer [44]’den alınmıştır. 3 6 o 49΄25,4΄΄N/37 o 3 3 ΄ 1 9 , 6 ΄ ΄ E ; 3 7 o 24΄42,5΄΄N/37 o 5 1 ΄ 2 3 , 8 ΄ ΄ E ; BULGULAR 3 7 o 17΄71,2΄΄N/37 o 3 0 ΄ 8 4 , 7 ΄ ΄ E ; 3 7 o 19΄27,3΄΄N/37 o 2 9 ΄ 3 7 , 2 ΄ ΄ E ; Çalışma süresince 9 familyaya ait 36 tür elde edilmiştir. 3 7 o 17΄71,2΄΄N/37 o 3 0 ΄ 8 4 , 7 ΄ ΄ E ; Elde edilen türlerin sistematik sıralaması Nelson [45] 3 7 o 16΄53,2΄΄N/37 o 3 1 ΄ 7 8 , 1 ΄ ΄ E ; takip edilerek aşağıdaki şekilde yapılmıştır. Elde edilen 3 7 o 19΄02,1΄΄N/37 o 4 3 ΄ 3 4 , 7 ΄ ΄ E ; türlere ilişkin belirlenmiş olan diagnostik özelliklerin 3 7 o 17΄49,3΄΄N/37 o 3 4 ΄ 3 8 , 3 ΄ ΄ E ; sayısı veya değişim aralığı verilmiş ve ortalama değer ise 3 7 o 19΄53,1΄΄N/37 o 3 8 ΄ 6 8 , 7 ΄ ΄ E ; parantez içinde yazılmıştır (Çizelge 1). 3 7 o 02΄16,2΄΄N/36 o 5 2 ΄ 1 1 , 1 ΄ ΄ E ; 3 7 o 00΄24,8΄΄N/36 o 5 2 ΄ 4 0 , 5 ΄ ΄ E ; REGNUM : Animalia 3 7 o 09΄02,0΄΄N/37 o 4 2 ΄ 0 1 , 8 ΄ ΄ E ; PHYLUM : Chordata 3 7 o 07΄12,6΄΄N/37 o 4 4 ΄ 2 9 , 3 ΄ ΄ E ; SUBPHYLUM : Vertebrata (Craniata) 3 7 o 04΄24,5΄΄N/37 o 4 5 ΄ 2 4 , 6 ΄ ΄ E ; SUPERCLASSIS : Gnathostomata 3 6 o 57΄29,3΄΄N/37 o 5 3 ΄ 4 7 , 3 ΄ ΄ E ; CLASSIS : Actinopterygii 3 7 o 05΄46,1΄΄N/37 o 1 0 ΄ 3 2 , 2 ΄ ΄ E ; SUBCLASSIS : Neopterygii 3 6 o 59΄28,8΄΄N/36 o 3 3 ΄ 2 8 , 3 ΄ ΄ E ; DIVISION : Teleostei 3 6 o 54΄21,5΄΄N/36 o 4 4 ΄ 4 4 , 3 ΄ ΄ E ; SUBDIVISION : Elopomorpha 3 6 o 56΄30,0΄΄N/36 o 3 9 ΄ 1 3 , 0 ΄ ΄ E ; ORDER: Anguilliformes 3 6 o 51΄20,0΄΄N/36 o 4 1 ΄ 1 4 , 2 ΄ ΄ E ; SUBORDER: Anguilloidei 3 6 o 52΄56,3΄΄N/36 o 4 2 ΄ 3 4 , 6 ΄ ΄ E ; FAMILY: Anguillidae 3 7 o 38΄02,7΄΄N/36 o 5 2 ΄ 6 0 , 8 ΄ ΄ E ; Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) 3 7 o 38΄02,7΄΄N/36 o 52΄60,8΄΄E. Diagnostik özellikleri: D: 253, A: 195, P: 19, C: 10. SUBDIVISION: Euteleostei Örnekleme çalışmalarında, başta elektroşoker SUPERORDER: Ostariophysi (SAMUS 725MP) olmak üzere, serpme (6 kg kurşunlu) ORDER: Cypriniformes ve ığrıp (tül örtü torbalı) gibi av araçları kullanılmıştır. FAMILY: Cyprinidae Avlanan balıklar bekletilmeden içerisinde % 4 lük Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843 formaldehit bulunan 5 lt’lik plastik bidonlar içerisine Diagnostik özellikleri: D: III 9, A: III 14-15, P: I 15- konularak tespit edilmiş ve laboratuar çalışmaları 16, V: 1 7-8, L. lat: 64-67(65), Farinks Dişleri: 5-5 yapılıncaya kadar bu bidonlar içerisinde saklanmıştır. Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) Laboratuarda saklanan örneklerin tür tayinlerinin Diagnostik özellikleri: D: II 8-9, A: II-III 13-15, P: I yapılması amacıyla örnekler plastik küvetler içerisine 11, V: I 7-8, L. lat.: 48-54, Farinks dişleri: 2.5-5.2 alındıktan sonra, 1 saat süre ile yavaş akışlı su altında Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843 bekletilmiştir. Balıkların tür tayinlerinin yapılması Diagnostik özellikleri: D: II-III 8-9, A: III 16-17, P: I sırasında yararlanılacak olan bazı morfometrik ve 10-13, V: I 6-8, L. lat.: 58-69 (59), Farinks dişleri: 2.5-5.2 meristik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan total Alburnus qalilus Krupp, 1992 boy (TB), çatal boy (ÇB), standart boy (SB) 0.1cm Diagnostik özellikleri: D: II-III 8, A: II-III 9-11, P: I hassasiyetle ölçüm tahtası ve baş uzunluğu (BU), vücut 13-14, V: I-II 7, L. lat.: 50-53 (51), Farinks dişleri: 2.5- yüksekliği (VY), göz çapı (GÇ) 0,01 mm hassasiyetle 5.2 elektronik kumpas kullanılarak ölçülmüş, meristik Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 karakterler (Dorsal (D), pektoral (P), ventral (V), anal Diagnostik özellikleri: D: III 9, A: II-III 11-13, P: I (A) ve kaudal (C) yüzgeç ışın sayıları, solungaç dikenleri 13-15, V: I-II 7-9, L. lat.: 81-89 (88), Farinks dişleri: 2.5- 5.2 Çizelge 1. Elde edilen türlere ilişkin bazı metrik özelliklerin birbirlerine göre oranları (±: standart sapmayı ve parantez içindeki değerler değişim aralığını göstermektedir) Türler n TB/BU ÇB/BU SB/BU BU/VY BU/GÇ Acanthobrama marmid 2 4,51±0,04 (4,48-4,54) 4,01±0,06 (3,97-4,06) 3,71±0,06 (3,66-3,76) 1,07±0,12 (0,98-1,15) 3,73±0,55 (3,34-4,13) Alburnoides bipunctatus 2 4,55±0,21 (4,39-4,70) 4,03±0,07 (3,98-4,08) 3,58±0,01 (3,57-3,59) 1,09±0,04 (1,05-1,12) 2,90±0,23 (2,73-3,06) Alburnus caeruleus 16 4,58±0,14 (4,38-5,13) 4,11±0,11 (3,95-4,58) 3,72±0,18 (3,45-4,14) 1,04±0,05 (0,97-1,22) 2,73±0,23 (2,40-3,07) Alburnus qalilus 29 4,57±0,50 (4,21-5,18) 4,32±0,50 (3,91-4,68) 3,82±0,33 (3,47-4,18) 1,24±0,03 (1,02-1,34) 3,46±0,96 (2,78-4,14) Alburnus mossulensis 6 5,34±0,16 (4,95-5,46) 4,83±0,13 (4,46-4,93) 4,43±0,09 (4,06-4,50) 1,14±0,24 (0,96-1,55) 3,23±0,80 (2,66-3,81) Alburnus adanensis 30 4,96±0,08 (4,65-5,28) 4,42±0,04 (4,18-4,67) 4,11±0,02 (3,86-4,37) 1,23±0,08 (1,07-1,38) 3,19±0,65 (2,72-3,65) Alburnus sellal 16 4,78±0,33 (4,55-5,26) 4,41±0,11 (4,18-4,70) 3,96±0,20 (3,81-4,31) 1,10±0,12 (0,88-1,20) 2,73±0,46 (2,40-3,06) veE.Çiçek S.
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