In Amenas Inquest 15 September 2014
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Rapid Cultural Inventories of Wetlands in Arab States Including Ramsar Sites and World Heritage Properties
Rapid cultural inventories of wetlands in Arab states including Ramsar Sites and World Heritage Properties Building greater understanding of cultural values and practices as a contribution to conservation success Tarek Abulhawa – Lead Author Tricia Cummings – Research and Data Analysis Supported by: May 2017 Acknowledgements The report team expresses their utmost appreciation to Ms. Mariam Ali from the Ramsar Secretariat and Ms. Haifaa Abdulhalim from the Tabe’a Programme (IUCN’s programme in partnership with ARC-WH) for their guidance and support on the preparation of this regional assessment. Special gratitude is extended to all the national focal points from the target countries and sites as well as international experts and colleagues from the Ramsar and IUCN networks for their valuable contributions and reviews of assignment reports drafts. Finally, the team wants to take the opportunity to thank all the peoples of the wetlands in the Arab states for their long established commitment to the protection of their wetlands through their cultural values, traditional knowledge and sustainable practices for the benefit of future generations. Cover: Traditional felucca fishing boat, Tunisia. DGF Tunisa Contents Executive summary . 4 Introduction . 9 Methodology . 13 Assessment Results . 21 Algeria . 23 La Vallée d’Iherir . 24 Oasis de Tamantit et Sid Ahmed Timmi. 27 Réserve Intégrale du Lac Tonga . 32 Egypt . 35 Lake Bardawil . 36 Lake Burullus . 41 Wadi El Rayan Protected Area . 44 Iraq . 49 Central Marshes . 52 Hammar Marshes . 55 Hawizeh Marshes . 58 Mauritania . 63 Lac Gabou et le réseau hydrographique du Plateau du Tagant . 64 Parc National du Banc d’Arguin . 67 Parc National du Diawling . -
Middle East North Africa Insights WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
WWORLDORLD EENERGYNERGY OOUTLOOKUTLOOK WWORLDORLD EENERGYNERGY OOUTLOOKUTLOOK Middle East North Africa Insights The world is hungry for energy and getting hungrier. WWORLD ENERGYOUTLOOK The countries of the Middle East and North Africa O have vast resources of oil and natural gas which R L could be developed to meet rising global demand as D many supplies elsewhere begin to decline. E But resources alone are not enough. Will investment N E match growth in demand? And will demand continue R to surge or will it be curbed by new consumer G Y country policies? O The International Energy Agency’s World Energy U T Outlook 2005 answers these challenging questions. L In addition to providing updated projections of O O world energy demand and supply to 2030, K it analyses in detail prospects for: n The Middle East and North Africa’s domestic Middle EastNorthAfricaInsights demand for oil, gas and electricity, including for water desalination; n The region’s oil and gas resources, plans and potential for production and how much investment will be required; n Energy-sector developments in Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates; n What will happen if upstream oil investment is delayed; n What will happen if consuming countries, driven by Middle East security concerns, persistent high prices or environmental policies, act to curb demand and develop alternatives. The producing countries in the Middle East and North Africa North Africa can count on growing demand for their oil and gas. Are energy importing -
Total Petroleum Systems of the Grand Erg/Ahnet
Total Petroleum Systems of the Grand Erg/Ahnet Province, Algeria and Morocco—The Tanezzuft- Timimoun, Tanezzuft-Ahnet, Tanezzuft-Sbaa, Tanezzuft-Mouydir, Tanezzuft-Benoud, and Tanezzuft-Béchar/Abadla By T.R. Klett U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2202-B U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director This report is only available online at: http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/bulletins/b2202-b/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Published in the Central Region, Denver, Colorado Manuscript approved for publication June 16, 2000 Graphics by the author Photocomposition by Norma J. Maes Edited by Lorna Carter Contents Foreword................................................................................................................................................ 1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 2 Province Geology ................................................................................................................................ -
Energy Forum
ENERGY FORUM A QUARTERLY JOURNAL FOR DEBATING ENERGY ISSUES AND POLICIES CONTENTS Issue 73 May 2008 Oil in Africa Jean-Pierre Favennec Bassam Fattouh Walid Khadduri Africa is often referred to as the forgotten continent. It only catches Philippe Copinschi the headlines when revolutions, massacres or massive electoral Gerald Doucet and Latsoucabé Fall – page 3 fraud take place. Africa is not a poor continent however. There is both hydrocarbon and mineral wealth. Oil and gas resources are US Presidential valuable assets for the countries that possess them, and globally for Candidates and Energy an energy hungry world. In this issue of Forum five authors assess Michael Lynch – page 16 successes achieved and problems faced by some African countries Comments on Gas in the hydrocarbon and electricity fields. Demand, Contracts and Prices Jean-Pierre Favennec sets the scene to participate in the development of James T. Jensen – page 17 describing first the main features oil and gas upstream. Bassam Fat- of the energy sector in the conti- touh shows how Libya managed to Asinus Muses – page 20 nent, most remarkably the very attract a very large number of for- low level of primary commercial eign oil companies from the super energy consumption particularly in majors to newcomers from the East sub-Saharan countries (other than after the lifting of sanctions in 2004. South Africa). This reflects the state This was not done by offering cheap of under-development of the region and easy terms in production shar- and in turn may well be a contribut- ing agreements. On the contrary, ing cause. -
Geology and Petroleum Resources of North-Central and Northeastern Africa
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geology and petroleum resources of north-central and northeastern Africa By James A. Peterson^ Open-File Report 85-709 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Reston, Virginia 1985 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Int roduct ion 3 Information sources 3 Geography 3 Acknowledgment s 3 Regional geology 7 Structure 7 Stratigraphy and sedimentation 9 Bas ement 2 2 Cambrian - Ordovician 22 Silurian 22 Devonian 22 Carbonif erous 2 3 Permian 23 Tr ias s i c 2 3 Jurassic 23 Cretaceous 24 Te r t iary 25 Quaternary 27 Petroleum geology 27 Sirte Basin 27 Western Sahara region 31 Suez-Sinai 34 Western Desert Basin - Cyrenaica Platform 36 East Tunisia - Pelagian Platform 37 Nile Delta - Nile Basin 39 Resource assessment 43 Procedures 43 Assessment 43 Comments 47 Selected references 49 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. North-central and northeastern African assessment regions 4 2. Generalized regional structure map of north-central and northeastern Africa 6 3. Generalized composite subsurface correlation chart, north-central and northeastern Africa 10 4. North-south structural-stratigraphic cross-section A-A', northern Algeria to southeastern Algeria 11 5. East-west structural-stratigraphic cross-section B-B f , west-central Libya to northwestern Egypt 12 6. Northeast-southwest structural-stratigraphic cross-section C-C f , northeastern Tunisia to east-central Algeria 13 7. North-south structural-stratigraphic cross-section D-D f , northeastern Libya to southeastern Libya 14 8. West-east structural-stratigraphic cross-section B'-B f , northern Egypt 15 9. -
Desert Locust Outbreak SW Libya and SE Algeria January - June 2012
Desert Locust Outbreak SW Libya and SE Algeria January - June 2012 Desert Locust Information Service, Rome www.fao.org/ag/locusts 1 June 2012 update Desert Locust outbreak in SW Libya: overview In early January 2012, Desert Locust infestations were reported in SW Libya near Ghat. The infestations originated from local breeding that occurred after unusually good rains in early October 2011. As locust hoppers and adults concentrated in early February, the number and density of infestations increased and an outbreak developed, and adult moved into SE Algeria. Egg-laying occurred in March, followed by hatching and hopper band formation in April, and swarm formation in mid-May. The Libyan national locust program’s capacity to carry out routine monitoring and respond to outbreaks was badly weakened by events in 2011. Access to potentially infested areas along both sides of the border by national survey and control teams is severely restricted due to insecurity. Unless conditions remain favourable, swarms that form in the outbreak area during May are expected to invade Mali and Niger in June. October 2011. Unusually good widespread rains that eventually led to a Desert Locust outbreak During the first decade of October, light rains fell in SW Libya on the 1st, 5th and 6th, and again on the 9th while moderate rains fell on the 7th and 8th. Prior to October, light rain had fallen at times in the same area in March, April, May, June and September. However, the October rains were much heavier and more widespread, extending from Tamanrasset in southern Algeria to Waddan in central Libya. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/25/2021 07:16:57PM Via Free Access the Duty of Care for Citizens Abroad 189
The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 13 (2018) 188-210 brill.com/hjd The Duty of Care for Citizens Abroad: Security and Responsibility in the In Amenas and Fukushima Crises Nina Græger and Wrenn Yennie Lindgren Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), N-0033 Oslo, Norway [email protected]; [email protected] Received: 13 March 2017; revised: 11 October 2017; accepted: 31 October 2017 Summary This article analyses the state’s duty of care (DoC) for citizens who fall victim to un- foreseen catastrophic or violent events abroad. The DoC highlights the challenges, dynamics and relations involved in diplomatic practice that is aimed at protecting citizens outside of state borders and where traditional security concepts have little relevance. How has a globalized, more insecure world — with shifting relations and re- sponsibilities among states, their subordinates and other carers — affected the provi- sion of DoC? How do governments and private actors act on the DoC during and after crises? To illustrate, the article draws on the terrorist attack at a gas facility in Algeria in 2013 and the nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011, focusing particularly on the Norwegian framework and approach to protecting citizens abroad. In both crises, implement- ing the DoC required practical skills and measures beyond traditional diplomacy and institutionalized crisis mechanisms. Keywords diplomatic practice – duty of care (DoC) – security – international relations – crisis management * Acknowledgements: This research was funded by the Research Council of Norway (RCN) programme SAMRISK II, and the research project ‘Duty of Care: Protection of Citizens Abroad’, 238066/H20. The authors would like to thank the participants at a workshop in the Hague, interviewees, the editors, and two autonomous referees for valuable comments on earlier drafts. -
Desert Locust Outbreak SW Libya and SE Algeria January - May 2012
Desert Locust Outbreak SW Libya and SE Algeria January - May 2012 Desert Locust Information Service, Rome www.fao.org/ag/locusts 22 May 2012 update Desert Locust outbreak in SW Libya: overview In early January 2012, Desert Locust infestations were reported in SW Libya near Ghat. The infestations originated from local breeding that occurred after unusually good rains in early October 2011. As locust hoppers and adults concentrated in early February, the number and density of infestations increased and an outbreak developed, and adult moved into SE Algeria. Egg-laying occurred in March, followed by hatching and hopper band formation in April, and swarm formation in mid-May. The Libyan national locust program’s capacity to carry out routine monitoring and respond to outbreaks was badly weakened by events in 2011. Access to potentially infested areas along both sides of the border by national survey and control teams is severely restricted due to insecurity. Unless conditions remain favourable, swarms that form in the outbreak area during May are expected to invade Mali and Niger in June. October 2011. Unusually good widespread rains that eventually led to a Desert Locust outbreak During the first decade of October, light rains fell in SW Libya on the 1st, 5th and 6th, and again on the 9th while moderate rains fell on the 7th and 8th. Prior to October, light rain had fallen at times in the same area in March, April, May, June and September. However, the October rains were much heavier and more widespread, extending from Tamanrasset in southern Algeria to Waddan in central Libya. -
(Doc. 7474) Requiring Implementation ______
APIRG/13 - WP6 Appendix D INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION ATS Routes in the ICAO AFI ANP (Doc. 7474) requiring implementation __________________________________________________________________ Route Segment(s) States Observations Designator Remarks __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ UA145 (Paleohora) Egypt Implemented by Egypt for northbound traffic only SALUN Greece (3400N 024276) Sidi Barrani (31636N 02556E) UA293 Ibiza Algeria Required northbound Tiaret UA409 Lusaka Congo DRC Ndola Zambia Mansa Kalemie UA411 Jerba Libya Implemented at variance with the Plan Tripoli via: Benina A411 - Jerba/Zawia/Tripoli/Misurata A411N - Jerba/TANLI/Mitiga/Misurata UA451 Asmara Eritrea Implemented at variance with the Plan via RAGAS PARIM Ethiopia Aden Yemen UA618 Lubumbashi Zaire Bukavu Sudan SAGBU Malakal UA748 (GOZO) Libya Tripoli Egypt Mizda Cairo Sharm Sheileh UA861 Lagos Nigeria Garoua UA865 Menorca Algeria Essential AFI long-haul requirement. Algiers Cherchell UB525 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Luxor Sudan UB527 Malakal Sudan Implemented at variance with AFI Plan Kenana via Kenana UB528 Livingstone Angola Luena UB730 N’Djamena Algeria Dirkou Niger Djanet Chad UB607 El Obeid Sudan Not implemented in Khartoum FIR (due to military Dongola reasons) Abu Simbel UG207 Mogadishu Somalia Karachi UG465 Praslin Seychelles Beira Johannesburg UG623 Annaba Algeria Segment of the route suspended Tebessa Libya since 1980 by Libya. Ghadames UG855 Tripoli Ghadames B. Omar Driss Libya UG864 -
April 2005 Edition of the OPEC Bulletin
No time for complacency The OPEC Fund for International Development increases funding against C o m m e n t a r y HIV/AIDS with fresh approvals In the world of oil and oil markets one might wonder what doubt should not be allowed to play a part in trying to help im- OPEC Member Countries have to do with combating the spread prove the welfare of others; rather hope must be high on the of AIDS. The answer should not come as a surprise to those agenda, and it’s in this sense that the Member Countries of OPEC who know OPEC well, because over the past 29 years, its sister and the OPEC Fund have continued to pledge financial assistance organization, the OPEC Fund for International Development has to those in need. given more than $330.5 million in grant assistance for a host The world has known about HIV for over 25 years now, and of important activities, including the global campaign against yet the battle against the spread of the virus is as urgent now HIV/AIDS. as it has ever been. The statistics make for worrying reading, as Since 2001, the Fund has committed over $26m from the many experts say that little has improved in terms of infection $35m set aside for the AIDS cause. In effect, this means that in rates and combating the spread of the disease, especially in the four years since the HIV/AIDS account was launched, commit- developing countries, and in particular in Africa. Increasingly, ments under it have grown to represent more than eight per cent women are the victims of HIV/AIDS, which is a terrible indict- of the Fund’s total, cumulative grant approvals. -
1994 and Accounting for Represents 40% of the Country's Liquefaction Capacities
THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALGERIA By Bernadette Michalski 1 The Nation enjoys a diverse, but modest production of m3 in 1993. According to SONATRACH, the reduction was metals and industrial minerals; however, hydrocarbons due to the revamping of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) unit remained by far the leading mineral sector, providing about at Arzew, which necessitated a 3-month shutdown. This unit $9.5 billion2 in export earnings in 1994 and accounting for represents 40% of the country's liquefaction capacities. 97% of the Nation's hard currency earnings. The Government Western Europe absorbed more than 90% of Algeria's crude announced its chief priorities: expanding exploration oil exports in 1994. Depleting oil reserves in mature fields activities, improving the recovery rate of oil and gas, diverted marketing attention to natural gas, condensates, and augmenting hydrocarbon reserves, and increasing refined products. Future gas sales are directed to pipelines hydrocarbon production, transport, and export capacities. connecting Algeria with southern Europe through Italy and With an accumulated external debt of $26 billion, any Spain rather than LNG exports, offering the lowest cost decline in oil prices has serious implications for the option to meet Europe's predicted growth in natural gas Government's domestic finances. The dinar was devalued by demand by 2010. Italy continued as the principal market for 40% in the spring of 1994, opening the road to a $1 billion Algerian natural gas, importing approximately 15 billion m3, IMF package and international debt rescheduling. followed by France at 9 billion m3, Spain and Belgium at The stipulation that the Government's Société Nationale about 4 billion m3 each, and the United States at 2.3 billion pour la Recherche, la Production, le Transport, la m3 in 1993 and 1.4 billion m3 in 1994. -
BULLETIN 1St– 30Th April 2020
AFRICAN UNION UNION AFRICAINE UNIÃO AFRICANA اﻻت حاداﻹف ري قي ACSRT/CAERT African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism Centre Africain d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Terrorisme THE MONTHLY AFRICA TERRORISM BULLETIN 1st– 30th April 2020 Edition No: 04 ABOUT AFRICA TERRORISM BULLETIN In line with its mandate to assist African Union (AU) Member States, Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and Regional Mechanisms (RMs) to build their Counter-Terrorism capacities and to prevent Violent Extremism, the African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism (ACSRT) has developed tools that enable it to collect, analyse, process and disseminate information on terrorism-related incidents occurring in Africa. One of the products of this effort is the monthly Africa Terrorism Bulletin (ATB) that is published by the Centre. The ATB seeks to keep AU Member State Policymakers, Researchers, Practitioners and other stakeholders in the fields of Counter-Terrorism (CT) and the Prevention and Countering Violent Extremism (P/CVE), updated fortnightly, on the trends of terrorism on the Continent. Notwithstanding the lack of a universally accepted common definition of Terrorism, the AU, in its 1999 OAU CONVENTION ONTHE PREVENTION AND COMBATING OF TERRORISM, Article 1 paragraph 3, (a) and (b), and Article 3, defines what constitutes a Terrorist Act. The ACSRT and therefore the ATB defer to this definition. © African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism (ACSRT) 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without full attribution.