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Landslide Nature and Distribution on the Lincoln 1:50K Geological Sheet

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Landslide Nature and Distribution on the Lincoln 1:50K Geological Sheet Landslide nature and distribution on the Lincoln 1:50k geological sheet Land Use and Development Programme Internal Report OR/09/047 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME INTERNAL REPORT OR/09/047 The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Landslide nature and distribution Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/ 2009. on the Lincoln 1:50k geological Keywords sheet Landslides, Lincoln, Triassic, Jurassic, Lias Group, Great Oolite Group, Inferior Oolite Group. K A Booth & G O Jenkins National Grid Reference SW corner 483300,354400 Centre point 498000,364000 NE corner 513100,373800 Map Sheet 114, 1:50 000 scale, Lincoln Front cover Landslide on the escarpment at Harmston, Lincolnshire [496996 362452]. Bibliographical reference BOOTH, K. A., JENKINS, G. O., G. O. 2009. Landslide nature and distribution on the Lincoln 1:50k geological sheet . British Geological Survey Report, OR/09/047. 11pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NERC 2009. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2009 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. email [email protected] We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG BGS shops. Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 email [email protected] The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in email [email protected] developing countries. The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. London Information Office at the Natural History Museum (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2DE Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Forde House, Park Five Business Centre, Harrier Way, Sowton EX2 7HU Tel 01392 445271 Fax 01392 445371 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com OR/09/047; FINAL Last modified: 2009/12/16 11:21 Foreword This report is the published product of the British Geological Survey’s Land Use and Development Programme’s Landslide Hazards and Research Project, part of the Shallow Geohazards team. The report describes the landslides that have affected the geological formations in the Lincoln 1:50 000 map sheet area. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Dr C Foster and Dr A Cooper for their advice and editing of this report. Contents Foreword .................................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. i Contents .................................................................................................................................... i Summary ................................................................................................................................. ii 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 2 Study area ........................................................................................................................ 1 3 Geology ............................................................................................................................. 3 3.1 Triassic Mudstones .................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Early Jurassic mudstones ......................................................................................... 4 3.3 Jurassic Oolites ........................................................................................................ 4 3.4 Mid – Late Jurassic mudstones ................................................................................ 4 4 Landslide distribution ..................................................................................................... 5 4.1 New landslide records ............................................................................................. 5 5 Landslide analysis ........................................................................................................... 8 5.1 Geology and landslide frequency ............................................................................ 8 5.2 Style and mechanism of landsliding ........................................................................ 8 5.3 Landslide age and activity ....................................................................................... 9 5.4 Landsliding and slope aspect ................................................................................... 9 6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 10 Appendix 1 ............................................................................................................................ 11 Classification of landslide types (Varnes, 1978) ............................................................. 11 References ............................................................................................................................. 12 i OR/09/047; FINAL Last modified: 2009/12/16 11:21 FIGURES Figure 1. Location of the Lincoln 1:50 000 geological map sheet 114 .................................... 2 Figure 2. NextMap shaded relief digital terrain model (DTM) of the Lincoln sheet area. [red = high; blue = low]. The Jurassic escarpment forms a marked feature dominating the Lincoln sheet area. .......................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 3. DiGMapGB-V5, 1:50 000 bedrock and superficial geology of the Lincoln Sheet (114). ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 5. Vertical cracks in brickwork of a house walls indicating ground movement. Carline Road, Lincoln [497147 371869]. ....................................................................................... 7 Figure 6. Typical single rotational slide on the Lincolnshire escarpment, exhibiting backscarp and subdued degraded features [497149 363607] ............................................................. 7 Figure 7. Subdued, degraded landslide features along the Lincolnshire escarpment, Lincoln cathedral visible in the distance [497569 366310]. ........................................................... 8 Figure 8. Frequency of landslides relating to aspect on the Lincoln sheet. ............................. 10 Summary This report describes the extent and character of the landslides and the mass movement processes in the area covered by the 1:50 000 scale BGS map of Lincoln (Sheet 114). The work includes the identification of 29 new landslide records to be added to the National Landslide Database. The work has assisted the continuing study of landslides and mass movements in Great Britain. ii OR/09/047; FINAL Last modified: 2009/12/16 11:21 1 Introduction The Lincoln 1:50 000 geological map (Sheet 114) district lies to the east of the Trent Valley and encompasses the River Witham. The city of Lincoln lies in the north of the district. The district was originally surveyed in 1878 and further surveys, focussing on the central area around Nocton, occurred in 1937 and 1941. This work concentrated on the Lincolnshire escarpment and the Lincolnshire Limestones of the Inferior Oolite Group. A new compilation map was published in 1971. The existing map was published in 1973. As part of the resurveying of the Lincoln sheet by
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