Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 110 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

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E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 110 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 153 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 11, 2007 No. 58 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Monday, April 16, 2007, at 2 p.m. Senate WEDNESDAY, APRIL 11, 2007

The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was Senate from the President pro tempore STEM CELL RESEARCH called to order by the Honorable BEN- (Mr. BYRD). ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2007 JAMIN L. CARDIN, a Senator from the The legislative clerk read the fol- State of Maryland. lowing letter: HOPE OFFERED THROUGH PRIN- U.S. SENATE, PRAYER PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, CIPLED AND ETHICAL STEM The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- Washington, DC, April 11, 2007. CELL RESEARCH ACT fered the following prayer: To the Senate: The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Let us pray. Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, pore. Under the previous order, the God of all life, we seek You in a of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby Senate shall resume consideration of appoint the Honorable BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, world filled with challenges and prob- the following measures en bloc, which lems. Prepare the Members of this body a Senator from the State of Maryland, to perform the duties of the Chair. the clerk will report. for the rigors of solving life’s riddles The legislative clerk read as follows: today. Give them the wisdom to seek ROBERT C. BYRD, President pro tempore. A bill (S. 5) to amend the Public Health common opportunities, to accomplish Mr. CARDIN thereupon assumed the Service Act to provide for human embryonic Your divine will in our world. Make stem cell research. them instruments of Your love in the chair as Acting President pro tempore. A bill (S. 30) to intensify research to derive midst of hatred and strife. Teach them f human pluripotent stem cell lines. to spend and be spent for the good of RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- others. pore. Under the previous order, there is Lord, we intercede for them. Give The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- now 90 minutes of debate under the them the spiritual tools for strength of pore. Under the previous order, the control of the Senator from Iowa, Mr. thought, lightness of heart, sincerity of leadership time is reserved. HARKIN, or his designee; 45 minutes conviction, and clarity of purpose. f under the control of the Senator from Renew their commitment to You as Minnesota, Mr. COLEMAN, and the Sen- RECOGNITION OF THE their inspiration, their strength, their ator from Georgia, Mr. ISAKSON, and 45 REPUBLICAN LEADER courage, their guide, and their Lord. minutes under the control of the Sen- We pray in Your omniscient Name. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ator from Kansas, Mr. BROWNBACK. Amen. pore. The Republican leader is recog- Who yields time? The Senator from f nized. Iowa. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE f Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, before I yield the floor to my colleague from The Honorable BENJAMIN L. CARDIN SCHEDULE Massachusetts, I just want to again led the Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I bring people up to speed as to where we I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the am told the majority leader will be out are in this debate. We will debate the United States of America, and to the Repub- lic for which it stands, one nation under God, shortly. Let me just mention that the two bills again today, S. 5 and S. 30, all indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. vote is likely to be moved from 5:45 to day. We will have two votes later today 5:55, for the information of all Sen- at a time to be determined by the lead- f ators. We have a structured order for ers but I think right prior to 6 p.m, the APPOINTMENT OF ACTING debate for the balance of the morning first vote occurring on S. 5, an up-or- PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE and afternoon that has already been down vote without amendments, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The agreed to. after that would be an up-or-down vote clerk will read a communication to the I yield the floor. on S. 30, without amendments.

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4320 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 I intend to take some time this long and lonely battle against Alz- been in the Senate was on this issue, morning, after the Senator from Mas- heimer’s disease, a year can make the from Lauren Stanford, from Plymouth, sachusetts speaks, again to outline the memory of a beloved spouse or child a MA—15 years old. She wrote just after differences in the two bills, why S. 5 is little fainter, a little more distant. For watching the President of the United a preferable bill and why that should a patient battling against the tremors States speak on this issue when he set be the bill we pass and send to the of Parkinson’s disease, a year can up the regime on which we have all President for his signature and to point mean more and more life activities commented, which limits the great out that S. 5 is truly the compromise fade out of reach. possibilities we have talked about dur- bill. If overturning the administration’s ing the course of this debate. This is I want everyone to know that. There unwarranted restrictions on stem cell what she said: was some talk that S. 30 should be the research brings just one breakthrough, That night— compromise. Let me point out for clar- just one of the many that our best sci- Referring to the night the President ity that last year we passed the stem entists believe are possible, that break- talked— cell research bill. There was another through can mean all the difference in President Bush talked about protecting the bill offered on the floor at the same the world for the patients who benefit. innocent. I wondered then: what about me? I time called the Specter-Santorum bill. They cannot wait another year, or an- am truly innocent in this situation. I did That bill was supported by the Bush other day, for the help stem cell re- nothing to bring my diabetes on; there is administration. Both bills passed, but search can bring, and we should not nothing I can do to make it any better. All the Specter-Santorum bill never made wait in aiding them. We must take ac- I can do is hope for a research breakthrough it through the House, and therefore the tion here and now to end these unnec- and keep living the difficult, demanding life President was given the stem cell re- essary and harmful restrictions on life- of a child with diabetes until that breakthrough comes. How, I asked my parents, is search bill. He vetoed it. He exercised saving research. it more important to throw discarded em- the only veto of his administration to Continuing the administration’s re- bryos into the trash than it is to let them be veto the stem cell bill. strictions means the gap between what used to hopefully save my life—and to give In order to reach out a hand of com- scientists could do and what they are me back a life where I don’t have to accept promise to the White House, we then allowed to do grows even wider. a constant, almost insane level of hourly incorporated in our bill, S. 5, today, Continuing the restrictions means medical intervention as ‘‘normal’’? How the Specter-Santorum bill of last year, our Nation’s best scientists will go on could my nation do this to me? which is part of S. 5. So it seems to me having to waste precious time on That is the issue which Lauren Stan- we have gone halfway at least in reach- pointless redtape and bureaucratic ob- ford has put before the Senate. Hope- ing out to the White House to provide stacles, time that should be spent on fully she will get an overwhelming, bi- a compromise situation. Now the White the search for new cures. partisan answer this afternoon when House says they want to compromise Continuing the restrictions means the roll is called. further. They want something else. having to tell the patients who are I yield the remainder of my time.. You can keep this up until there is counting on the promise of stem cell Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I yield nothing left of the stem cell bill. research: Wait just a little longer, 20 minutes to the Senator from North I wish to make it very clear that we dream just a little less, hope just a lit- Dakota. How much time do we have re- have compromised. We have come half- tle more faintly. maining on our side? way. We incorporated the bill the The Senate must act, just as the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- President supported last year, so S. 5 House has already, to unlock the po- pore. Eighty minutes. really is the compromise measure we tential of stem cell research. The Senator from North Dakota is are sending to the President. When the Congress has approved this recognized. Mr. President, I yield 10 minutes or needed legislation, we must turn our Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, let me whatever time he requires to the Sen- attention to 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue thank my colleague from Iowa for his ator from Massachusetts. and urge the President of the United leadership. I know he and many others The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- States not to veto the legislation that in this Chamber have spent a great pore. The Senator from Massachusetts gives so much hope to so many. deal of time putting together a piece of is recognized. Mr. President, just an extraordinary legislation that is very important. I Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I statement and comment from the Na- commend all of them. again thank my friend and colleague tion’s leading scientist, Dr. Zerhouni, There are times on the floor of the from Iowa, Senator HARKIN, for his who is the head of the National Insti- Senate where we are engaged in certain steadfast leadership in this extraor- tutes of Health: kinds of debates that cause folks to ex- dinarily important issue. We are full of From my standpoint as NIH director, it is hibit some temper and some concern hope this afternoon about the votes in the best interest of our scientists, our and anxiety and impatience. This is here in the Senate. I welcome just a science, and our country that we find ways one of those issues, however, that peo- few moments to express my own views and the nation finds a way to allow the ple feel very differently about. We will about where I think we are and what I science to go full speed across adult and em- have people come to the floor on this think the issues really are before the bryonic stem cells equally. issue of stem cell research who feel Senate. This is the statement of the head of very strongly on both sides. For years, many of us have fought the National Institutes of Health, an I respect all of those views. I respect the same battle, the battle to give extraordinary scientist and researcher everyone who comes to this floor with those suffering or injured every ethical himself. It couldn’t be said more clear- a position on this issue. But let me say, option for new cures. For those speak- ly and more compellingly. the position, as I see it, is a position ing on the Senate floor, perhaps little Finally, to remind ourselves what that deals with life and death. This is changes from one year’s debate to the this really is all about—because it is very important. We deal with some next. We still speak of hope. We still basically about individuals—here are issues on the floor of the Senate that speak of dreams denied when those two extraordinary soldiers who served are not so important, some that are hopes are dashed. We still speak of our in Iraq. James Crossby, Winthrop, MA, very important. This ranks way up belief that medical research should be is now in a wheelchair because of a there in importance. valued. damaged spinal column—others could This is about life or death. It is about But for those who listen to our de- have similar situations from their own science, and it is about inquiry. It is bate, a year can make all the dif- States—and Sgt Jason Wittling, Ma- about the search for unlocking the ference in the world. For a young man rine Corps, injured in Karbala, again mysteries of what causes some of the or woman bravely serving their coun- with spinal cord injuries. And that is dreaded diseases here on Earth and how try, a year can make the difference be- one of the areas where there is such we find cures for these dreaded dis- tween vigorous active service and life great hope. eases. in a wheelchair or a brain injury from Finally, one of the most moving let- I chair a subcommittee that funds a war wound. For someone fighting the ters I have received in the time I have the science programs in our country,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4321 especially the science programs that once were babies born to people, to President authorized some stem cell have to do with, for example, energy couples who were not able to have chil- lines, but the authorized lines were and other related matters. I think dren, is a wonderful gift. What a won- never enough, and, in fact, they were science is fascinating. In my sub- derful gift. contaminated, and it is just a plain committee, we had testimony a while In vitro has been around for a quarter fact that we are, at this point, inter- ago about studying termites. We are of a century. Because of the nature of rupting the scientific inquiry. We are studying the digestive system of ter- the treatment, the infertility treat- interrupting the opportunity to search mites because we are trying to under- ment in this process, more embryos are for a cure for these diseases. stand why it is when a termite eats created than will ever be used. Rather The embryos we are discussing on the wood, the termite’s digestive system than throwing these embryos in the floor of the Senate are going to be de- produces hydrogen. How is it that a waste, as hospital waste, or just waste stroyed. That is certain. These em- termite eats wood and produces hydro- from an in vitro clinic, it is much more bryos are going to be destroyed. Could gen? Again, what an interesting sci- life affirming, I think, to use them to they, should they be used to search for entific inquiry. better understand how we might treat the cure for these dread diseases? I be- Well, we are engaged in scientific re- devastating diseases such as diabetes, lieve the answer is yes. search in a whole range of issues. Espe- heart disease, Alzheimer’s, and more. In my last campaign for the Senate, cially important are the areas of sci- I think Senator Jack Danforth, a curious commercial was run against entific inquiry in this area of health. former Senator Jack Danforth, said it me by my opponent. He ran a commer- What is it that causes these terrible best. He is a colleague who served here cial which is a description of some who diseases? What kinds of approaches with us in the Senate. He said this: It feel very strongly in opposition to this might give us a chance to cure some of is not evident to many of us that cells kind of legislation. Because I support these dreaded diseases? in a petri dish are equivalent to identi- stem cell research very strongly, my Well, one of those issues is the issue fiable people suffering from terrible opponent ran a commercial of a man of stem cell research. The language al- diseases. I am and have always been sitting around the fire, a kind of a most sounds like a foreign language in pro-life. But the only explanation for campfire with about six or eight young some of these discussions: somatic cell legislators comparing cells in a petri children around him. nuclear transfer, in vitro fertilization dish to babies in the womb is the ex- The commercial, I suppose, was clinic, stem cell research. Those are tension of religious doctrine into statu- meant to be humorous but about a seri- not terms people use every day in their tory law. ous subject. A young child, with eyes discussions, and yet the method of That is from former Senator Jack very big reflected in the glow of the using those terms in this discussion is Danforth. What a profound statement. fire, around that fireplace, said to the about life or death. It is about con- Do you equate the cells in a petri dish camp leader: Tell us a story. Tell us a tinuing scientific inquiry to try to with someone suffering the ravages of scary story. The man said: Well, there is a man unlock the mysteries of some of the Parkinson’s disease or ALS? I do not named Byron—referring to me, I most terrible diseases suffered by man- think so. But that suggests somehow guess—a man named Byron. He has a kind. that those who oppose this legislation We passed a piece of legislation last plan. His plan is to implant into a make that equation. mommy’s uterus an egg that is fer- July that moved in this direction, and This legislation is not suggesting tilized, to become a fetus, so that they the President decided to veto it. Legis- that anyone create an embryo for the can harvest it during that pregnancy lation that we hoped would perhaps purpose of research. It is saying those give us an opportunity for treatment to use it for body parts later. embryos that are about to be dis- for things such as diabetes, cardio- Little children around that campfire carded, thrown away, thousands of vascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, had eyes the size of dinner plates, from them, because many more are produced ALS, Alzheimer’s, birth defects, and that scary story. Of course, that was a than are to be used in in vitro clinics, spinal cord injuries. complete perversion of anything that We do not know, we cannot come to rather than simply throwing them remotely related to the truth, had no the floor of the Senate, we are not sci- away, how about—with the consent of relationship to any of these issues. entists to describe: Here is exactly those from whom the embryos came— No one is talking about implanting what will happen as a result of this sci- how about using them for a life-affirm- something in a uterus for the purpose entific inquiry. But we do know there ing purpose, for the needed research of growing a fetus, for the purpose of are at least indications of great hope into unlocking the mysteries of these harvesting body parts. That kind of un- through this scientific inquiry. So the devastating diseases? believable lie permeates all too often Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act, There are about 400,000 embryos fro- this discussion. That is not what this S. 5, which we now have on the floor of zen in these clinics. It is estimated discussion is about. the Senate, would allow researchers to 8,000 to 11,000 are scheduled to be dis- Those of us in this Chamber—and pursue all kinds of promising stem cell carded. It is interesting to me that no there are many of us who have sat in research, including embryonic stem one has come to the floor of the Sen- the front row of a funeral—in my case cell research that is federally funded. ate—that I am aware of—saying: Shut of a daughter—and asked ourselves: This legislation is controversial. The down these in vitro clinics. Shut them Was there anything, was there any- legislation deals, however, only with down. And, by the way, if someone thing more we could have done? embryos that were created for fertility tries to throw away an embryo, as they Is there anything that could have purposes in in vitro fertilization clinics do every day, if they try to throw one been done to prevent this disease? The that would otherwise be thrown away. away, have someone arrest them be- answer, if we prevent this kind of re- Now, in vitro is a relatively new cause you are throwing away a human search, the answer for everyone will be, term. It has been around for about 25 being. It is, of course, not a human yes, there is something we could have years. There are more than 1 million being. It has the potential to become a done. We could have continued the sci- children walking this planet of ours human being if it is implanted in a entific inquiry and research, with care- who were born as a result of in vitro woman’s uterus and grown to term. fully constructed guidelines, to see if fertilization. We had testimony before But it will not be implanted in a uter- we could unlock the mysteries of these one of my committees, the Commerce us. In fact, it will be discarded in a diseases. Committee, in which a witness said: wastebasket. Let me show a picture of a young girl None of them should have been born. The question my colleagues asks named Camille. In fact, I just saw None of these human beings are wor- with S. 5 is: With consent, should that Camille last month. This young girl thy. They should not have been born. embryo, rather than simply be dis- has been very near death. She suffers He disagrees with in vitro fertilization. carded, not be able to be used for this from juvenile diabetes, the particularly It is his right to do that. I do not sup- critically important research? acute condition of juvenile diabetes. port that. There are not enough stem cell lines That is Camille in the middle. I saw I think the wonder of life of having 1 available. We know that. My col- her mother last week in North Dakota. million people, 1 million people who leagues have made that case. The Camille was in Washington, DC, about

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4322 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 a month ago with her mother. I have That is from the President’s own ap- offer the fervent hope—and I believe it known Camille for a long time, this pointee to head the National Institutes exists—that we can pass this legisla- young girl holding the clarinet in her of Health. tion with a very substantial margin middle school band. She has had a I know in political life, there are a within the next 24 hours. tough life and has lived on the edge, lot of labels, pro-life, pro-choice, pro- I yield the floor. suffering a very significant disease, one this, pro-that, anti-that. Let me ob- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- that has cost too many, too many serve, it is not, as some have sug- pore. The Senator from Iowa. Americans, and especially too many gested, a pro-life position to diminish Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I thank young Americans, their lives. or shut off critically needed research my colleague from North Dakota for a But there are so many opportunities that will give people who have Parkin- very eloquent statement about what for research and for potential treat- son’s disease, diabetes, Lou Gehrig’s this is all about. I thank him for that. ment. Let me give you a couple of ex- disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, I thank him for his strong support of S. amples. I was on an airplane one day any number of the things that kill so 5, our legislation to basically do what with one of the researchers at NIH. The many Americans, it is not pro-life to he encapsulated by saying this is about researchers at NIH do unbelievable diminish, restrict, or shut down re- saving lives. That is what it is all work. He told me of the use of stem search that gives people an oppor- about. I ask unanimous consent that the cells among a group of mice that had tunity for hope that there might be a previous order be modified to provide induced heart attacks, severe, debili- cure for these diseases through this sci- that the vote on passage of S. 5 occur tating heart attacks. They used stem entific inquiry and research. I recog- at 5:55 p.m., that the Republican leader cells to inject back into the heart mus- nize this is controversial. I respect cle of those mice, and in a matter of a be recognized at 5:25 p.m., with the someone who comes to the floor and other provisions remaining in order; couple of weeks, a substantial percent- says: Senator DORGAN, you are wrong age of those mice showed no evidence provided further, that the additional 10 about this. I respect that. This is not minutes be equally divided between of having had a heart attack. A sub- an easy issue. It is difficult for a lot of Senators HARKIN and COLEMAN, ISAK- stantial portion had complete recov- Members. I have not found it particu- SON, and Senator BROWNBACK, or their ery. larly difficult for me, because I believe Let me give you a couple of other ex- designees. those of us who have seen the ravages— The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- amples. Researchers at Johns Hopkins and that should be most everybody in pore. Without objection, it is so or- report paralyzed rats have partially re- this Chamber—of these diseases to our dered. gained the use of previously immobile loved ones, to friends, to so many The Senator from Georgia. hind legs in studies in which scientists Americans, this country would want us Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I yield injected the rodents with stem cells to do everything possible to give the 10 minutes to the distinguished Sen- from mice embryos. tools to the best scientific minds and ator from Minnesota, Mr. COLEMAN, As to potential to treat ALS, Univer- the best people in the medical field who has worked countless hours on this sity of Wisconsin-Madison scientists possible to unlock the mysteries of very important subject. have turned stem cells into nerve cells these diseases and find the cures. That The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- carrying messages between the body to is what this debate has been long pore. The Senator from Minnesota. the brain, offering possibilities for re- about. Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. President, as I pairing damage caused by ALS. This debate, however, is even nar- listened to my distinguished colleague Embryonic stem cell researchers at rower than many we have had on this from North Dakota, there is so much UCLA, AIDS Institute, were able to subject. This is about a single issue— we agree on. What we agree on is we coax human embryonic stem cells into can we use embryos that are otherwise want to move science forward. We want becoming mature immune T cells. I am going to be discarded from in vitro fer- to provide hope to those who are suf- not a scientist. All I can tell you is tilization clinics, that are otherwise fering from diseases and conditions this: When we look, when we search, simply going to become waste and de- with the possibility of stem cell re- when we inquire, when we use Amer- stroyed, today, tomorrow, next week, search. The issue is a matter of Federal ica’s best minds and research using next month, all year long, can we use, funding. What do we put Federal dol- good ethical guidelines, important lars into? Should there be any moral guidelines, valuable guidelines, for sci- with the permission of the donors, those embryos for the scientific in- questions that are raised before we entific inquiry, we then find ways to make that decision to put Federal dol- quiry necessary for the extension of unlock these mysteries. It is pretty un- lars into something? That is a legiti- life and the curing of these dread dis- believable what we have done in a rel- mate issue to discuss in the Senate. It eases? Can we do that? The answer atively short period of time. is a reflection of the reality that in clearly ought to be yes, a loud, re- We have a polio vaccine. We have this country there is substantial dis- cured smallpox. If you go to the hos- sounding yes coming from this Cham- agreement about what is appropriate pital these days and take a look at the ber. use of Federal dollars. This is not My colleague Senator HARKIN has wondrous machines and the wonderful about shutting off research. It is not been at this a long time. I have spoken treatments and all of the things that about stopping research. It is not about we are doing, all of that is a matter of on this a good number of times on the a lack of research going on. We still experimentation and developing experi- floor of the Senate myself. But it is not lead the world in embryonic stem cell ence from that experimentation. only Senator HARKIN; he is joined in a research. With forty percent of all the The fact is, embryonic stem cell re- piece of legislation on a bipartisan publications that are offered in this search has very broad and very strong basis by some very significant voices in country, 85 percent of the dollars from bipartisan support. That bipartisan the Senate, saying: Let’s do this. Let’s what we have provided, both embryonic support is evident in the Senate. We do this for this country. All of those and adult stem cell research, we are have had Senators on both sides of the who are suffering from these dread dis- leading the world. That includes both political aisle stand up in strong sup- eases deserve our help. They certainly Federal dollars and substantial private port of this legislation. don’t deserve a Government that says: dollars. Now, let me use a chart that my col- By the way, we understand your suf- When this issue arose early on, Presi- league, Senator KENNEDY, just used be- fering, but we would prefer to choose to dent Clinton had his own bioethics cause I believe it is so important. destroy and discard embryos from an in commission. They concluded the deri- Dr. Zerhouni, the Director of the Na- vitro fertilization clinic rather than vation of stem cells from embryos re- tional Institutes of Health, says—this extend the scientific research that maining following infertility treat- is President Bush’s own NIH Director: might find a cure for what is killing ments is justifiable only if no less mor- From my standpoint, it is clear today you. That is not an acceptable answer ally problematic alternatives are avail- that American science will be better from this Senate. able for advancing the research. served, and the Nation will be better I thank Senator HARKIN for the time. The reality is, we have reached a served, if we let our scientists have ac- I thank the many colleagues who have point where there are available alter- cess to more stem cell lines. spoken in favor of this legislation and natives, and we have an opportunity to

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4323 pursue them. There is a political re- pluripotency, not an embryo but the this process with the great advances of ality as well; that is, that S. 5 will ability to differentiate cell types and scientists. For those of us who support pass. The President has said he is going all of the elasticity and the hope and S. 30, what we are saying is we have a to veto it because of his concern on possibility you get from embryonic path, we have an opportunity to do it Federal funding for the destruction of stem cell research without crossing a with a sense of unity, with a sense of human embryos. As a result, from Jan- moral line. where we provide a moral line, a line, uary 1 of this year, there is going to be Is that what we should be doing? This by the way, that has been part of our no more research going into embryonic is not shutting off science. Some have statutes for a long time. We don’t pro- stem cell research tomorrow than said this is a diversion. Certainly it is vide Federal funding for the destruc- there is today, unless we pass S. 30. not a diversion in the practical sense, tion of human embryos. That is what S. 5 is going to be vetoed. If you care because right now there will be, if S. 5 this is about. It is not about size. The about making more than a political passes, no additional funding for em- reality about size is that you could fit statement but actually talking to the bryonic stem cell research. But if S. 30 some of these on the head of a pin. But parents of kids with juvenile diabetes passes, we can open the world to these it is about that basic moral line which or adults with Parkinson’s, whatever, possibilities and additional Federal has been part of our law for a long the reality is, if you care about more dollars. The reality is, with S. 5 there time. than $132 million going into human em- are questions that are unanswered. I So this approach we have in S. 5 is an bryonic stem cell research, you have to was just talking about those lines that approach that is pro-science and pro- support S. 30. That is the political re- are in vitro fertilization that some say research and pro-hope. It is the only ality. could be thrown away. What is to stop practical one that in the end, if it What S. 30 offers, in addition, is the people from simply producing more, passes, will result in more funding for opportunity to have a greater sense of knowing the research money is going embryonic stem cell research tomor- national unity on this issue, to get be- to be there? The reality is, those cells row than we have today. yond the culture wars, to get beyond that are in those IVF clinics have lim- My fear is what happened last year the political division. That is what the ited genetic lines. If you are of a cer- will happen this year. This body passed research should be about. tain minority or other groups, you are both a version of S. 5 as well as a Senator ISAKSON has talked about not as represented in those as you are version that provided for some alter- dead embryo research. I hope the de- in the population. But if we look at natives. It was the Specter-Santorum scription was clear enough. There was things such as alternate nuclear trans- bill. S. 30 provides for more than that some confusion from some of my col- fer, you can have an unending supply of bill. It will provide for, in fact, new leagues on the other side of this issue. genetic material so you can deal with dollars going to research that isn’t Let me explain a little biology 101. The specific gene types and deal with spe- funded today. issue here is, can we produce cific illnesses. What the House chose to say is it is pluripotent cells—embryonic cells are S. 30 also includes a provision to set all or nothing. If you don’t pass the S. pluripotent—the capacity for the cell up a stem cell bank for amniotic and 5 version, the Castle bill, then we are to give rise to many other different placental stem cells, the idea that we not going to even put in any funding. types of cells. There are adult stem could have 100,000 tissue samples and, We are not going to do anything. We cells out of bone marrow, out of blood by virtue of that, cover all the genetic are not going to allow any alternatives type. Now we are looking at placental types there are, which you do not get to be pursued. That would be a shame. and embryonic. But there appears to with what we have now under S. 5. As I used to tell our kids, it is akin to be, and science will tell you, the ability The bottom line in all of this is, cutting off your nose to spite your of embryonic pluripotent cells. there is a debate in this country, but it face. That would be a shame. The difference here is between is not over moving the science forward. I hope my colleagues on both sides of pluripotent and totipotent, the ability The debate is not over whether there the aisle—wherever they stand on this to form an embryo, the beginning of should be hope. There is hope. It is im- issue they can be comfortable supporting S. 30; they can be comfortable life. Senator ISAKSON has talked about portant to understand some of the re- dead embryo research where the em- alities, the reality of what we are talk- supporting a bill that provides for the bryos have the ability to form ing about today. Yesterday one of my moral line but at the same time opens up the opportunity for additional re- pluripotent cells, those cells that have colleagues, the Senator from Iowa, was search. I urge its support. the capacity to differentiate into other talking about some of the work being I yield the floor. types of cells. That is an opportunity done with dead embryos, perhaps some Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I yield without crossing a moral line. All of of the work being done with alternate myself 3 minutes. I wish to commend America can come together and say: nuclear transfer, and saying this could Senator COLEMAN and Senator DORGAN This is a good thing, putting money take a decade. The reality is the work for the two speeches that have pre- into stem cell research and not divid- being done today in embryonic stem ceded my remarks because both of ing the Nation. cell research at best may take decades. them eloquently expressed what is, in There is the process called alternate So the question then ultimately is, can fact, the case; that is, that everybody nuclear transfer. This is a process that we as a nation decide on a process that in this Chamber, including the distin- if you look at natural fertilization, you does respect a moral line, that does guished Senator from Iowa and myself, get the sperm and the fertilized egg. say: We are not going to provide Fed- wants more hope for Americans who You get an embryo. Under SCNT—that eral funding for the destruction of a suffer. Both bills offer a path to do is the way Dolly the sheep was pro- human embryo, but because we have that. We may have our differences on duced, a type of cloning—you get the the possibility, we should explore the those paths but no difference in the egg cell. You take some adult genetic possibility of doing research that pro- hope that it offers. I commend Senator material with all the DNA, and you put vides for pluripotency without COLEMAN for his very articulate expla- that in an enucleated egg where the totipotency, without the creation of an nation of that. center is cut out. You get that fer- embryo. I join with the Senator from Iowa, I tilized egg and, boom, you get an em- We are going to have more difficult think, in encouraging our colleagues bryo. Science is telling us today that questions as we move forward. As we who may be listening, we have some you can, with all the natural nuclear look at the issue of stem cell research, time this morning that can be filled. If transfer, with a range of things, what one of the realities we are looking at we have Members who want to come to you can do is, you can take that egg, is, if they haven’t developed enough, the floor and speak, they should con- you can enucleate it, cut out the cen- what about the idea of developing tact the cloakroom and let us know, ter, put in adult material. But before limbs and other things. Should we let from both parties and from both sides you transfer it, you turn off a little the embryo grow longer? Where do you of every issue, because we want to fill code. In the end, you don’t get an em- draw that line? There is a whole range every minute. bryo but you get this intercell mass of other issues we are going to have to With that, I reserve the remainder of then that has the capacity of be debating as we kind of move along my time.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I concur sulin for more than 2 years. They have Cloning Prohibition Act, which we in- with my friend from Georgia in that if raised questions about this process. It troduced before the break with 26 other people want to speak, they should was done in Brazil rather than in the Senators who are cosponsoring this come over now. We have a list of speak- United States. Thirteen of the fifteen legislation. ers, and I think Senator ISAKSON does, patients in this adult stem cell study This legislation would reaffirm that too, for later on in the day. I can only went off insulin for at least 6 months, the United States places tremendous say to Senators, as the clock ticks, as they note, prompting cautious ex- value on the dignity of each and every your time is going to get squeezed citement from some researchers who human person: from the young human more and more. So that if you are have seen the results. Dr. Gordon C. embryo to vulnerable women who scheduled to speak for, say, 10 minutes Weir, a diabetes researcher and head of would be coerced into donating their this afternoon, you may get squeezed a transplantation program at Har- eggs, at potentially great risk to their to 3 minutes or 2 minutes or 1 minute. vard’s Medical School, Joslin Diabetes health. The legislation would make So if you would like to have your say Center, said this: clear that the cloning of human per- about this embryonic stem cell bill, I Their results look better than anything I sons is not something we as a society would say now would be the time to have seen so far. will accept. come over. I say to all the Senators What an exciting development in the The Brownback-Landrieu Human who may be in their offices right now, adult stem cell research area and field. Cloning Prohibition Act has been en- call the cloakrooms, and we will make Questions have been raised about this dorsed by the President of the United the time available right now. trial and some of it taking place in States. It will bring the United States Mr. President, what is the situation, Brazil. I have raised questions such as into conformity with the United Na- might I ask, right now with the time why is it we are seeing these break- tions, whose General Assembly called existing? throughs taking place and we are hav- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- ing patients from the United States go on all member states ‘‘to prohibit all pore. The Senator from Iowa has 58 to Bangkok, go to Portugal, and these forms of human cloning.’’ It did not minutes, the Senator from Georgia has treatments are being developed in say we can do therapeutic but not re- 33 minutes, and the Senator from Kan- Brazil rather than in the United productive. It said ‘‘all forms of human sas has 45 minutes. States. I believe if we would put our cloning’’ by a strong 84-to-34 margin Mr. ISAKSON. It is my under- funding here that we are using in the vote in the U.N. standing, if the Senator from Iowa will embryonic field, the $613 million that The problem with cloning human yield, that the Senator from Kansas is has produced no human treatments to beings is that it violates human dig- in the cloakroom and about to take a date but has produced a lot of tumors nity on all sorts of levels. Cloning significant portion of that. That is my in live animals, if we would put that in transgresses our heritage’s most sacred understanding. That would be a signifi- the adult field where we are getting re- values about what is good and true and cant portion of his time, not yours and sults—we have invested in the adult beautiful. Western civilization indeed mine. field, but what if that $613 million were is built on the tenet that every human The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- in the adult field today? Would these life has a measurable value. Human pore. The Senator from Kansas is rec- breakthroughs be happening here in- beings are ends in themselves. It is ognized. stead of Brazil, or by U.S. researchers wrong to use any person as a means to Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I in Brazil? Why aren’t they being done an end. Upon this principle our laws thank my colleagues for the debate, in the United States? I hope my col- are founded, and without it, laws have and a good one, we are having on a leagues will look at that issue. little basis. Human cloning—for what- very important topic. The differences There is another point I wish to raise ever purpose—is wrong because it turns in this debate remind me, though, of a with my colleagues at this point in humans into commodities or spare proverb that says there is a way that time. Let’s presume they are successful parts. seems right to a man, but its end is the in embryonic stem cell research. Let’s In recent debate, human cloning has way of death. Unfortunately, if we re- presume, in a decade or 20 years, they been referred to as ‘‘therapeutic search on young human life, it puts are successful with embryonic stem cloning,’’ ‘‘research cloning’’ or simply that young human life to death and at cell research. That is going to lead to SCNT. These are presented as contrasts the same time does not produce the re- the necessity of us moving forward to ‘‘reproductive cloning.’’ It should be sults for cures that we had hoped would with human cloning because in the de- noted that ‘‘therapeutic,’’ ‘‘research,’’ be taking place. velopment of this technology, embry- and ‘‘reproductive’’ are merely adjec- I respect my colleagues who are on onic stem cell technology, if you are tives to describe what is done with the another side of this issue who feel as using an embryo and the genetic mate- cloned human. SCNT, or somatic cell though we should research on young rial doesn’t match up, there is going to nuclear transfer, is the scientific de- human life. I do not feel that is right be rejection by my body or by some scription of the cloning process. or ethical. I will discuss that aspect body. That is going to happen. That is A CRS report for Congress notes: here today with some of the time I going to take place. So we are going to have, and I also wish to discuss the ex- have to move into human cloning. We A human embryo produced via cloning in- citing breaking developments that are are going to have to harvest women’s volves the process called somatic cell nu- taking place even today on the adult eggs, develop human clones to develop clear transfer (SCNT). In SCNT, the nucleus stem cell area that continues to the correct type of embryonic stem of an egg is removed and replaced by the nucleus from a mature body cell, such as a skin produce treatments for humans. cells to use in an individual so that cell. In cloning, the embryo is created with- I ask unanimous consent to enter there will be a genetic match. I think out sexual reproduction: There is no joining into the RECORD after my statement an we ought to talk about that, if we con- of egg and sperm. article from the Chicago Tribune on- tinue in the progression we are on. line edition. I acknowledge that human cloning is Stem cell pioneer James Thomson The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- not specifically addressed in S. 5, the has said: pore. Without objection, it is so or- embryonic stem cell bill. However, if If you create an embryo by SCNT cloning dered. embryonic stem cells can ever over- and you give it to somebody who didn’t know (See exhibit 1.) come their tumor-forming tendency— where it came from, there would be no test Mr. BROWNBACK. It is dated today. and that is a huge if—and they are used you would do on that embryo to say where it It is about the latest diabetes treat- in humans, human cloning will be used came from. It is what it is. If you try to define it away, you are being disingenuous. ments that have been taking place. A in order to avoid immune rejection report came out from Northwestern problems. Therefore, as is hopefully With ‘‘reproductive’’ and ‘‘thera- University in the Chicago area about a evident, the issue of human cloning peutic’’ cloning, human beings are new diabetes treatment developed at needs to be raised. turned into commodities or spare parts Northwestern University which has al- To this end, I recently introduced the to be dissected in the laboratory, with lowed some patients to stop taking in- bipartisan Brownback-Landrieu Human the claim that someday they may be

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4325 administered to other humans to pro- is the scientific definition and informa- Yet some experts doubted the protocol vide a treatment. Treatments are cer- tion—the embryo is a species at that could have been approved in this country. tainly praiseworthy but not at the ex- stage of development in the life cycle. Weir, like several other scientists reached pense of the destruction of other mem- We all have a life cycle. The embryo is for this report, said the risks of Burt’s tech- the species at that stage. That is com- nique are high enough that he probably bers of the human family. We all want would not have approved the experiment if to treat people as people, and people mon sense. The embryo stage is a de- he had been responsible for reviewing it. should be treated as people. I want to velopment stage, but it remains human The problem is this: Although early-onset find a cure for cancer. However, it is life, not potential human life. It is diabetes can have dire long-term effects such wrong to turn humans into a means to alive and it is a life. as blindness and heart disease, many pa- an end. The embryo would continue along tients succeed in managing their condition It is also wrong to exploit women for the life cycle continuum if we were not with insulin and lead normal lives for dec- their eggs. Here I want to develop this interfering in its normal development ades. That makes it harder to justify the thought about what will take place if by keeping it in a freezer and destroy- risks of stem cell transplantation, which Burt has used before on diseases with few human embryonic stem cell research is ing it for experiments. I think it is important that we not engage in wishful other treatment options, such as lupus or developed, is successful. We have to de- multiple sclerosis. velop clones that meet the genetic type thinking or trying to define this away. The immune suppression used in stem-cell of the individual seeking the treat- A human embryo is a human life. We transplants can cause infections and even ment. You are going to have to get should not say it is a potential life. death. None of the patients in the Brazilian eggs from somewhere and you are That is not a definition for what study died, though one had severe pneu- going to have to get these from peo- human life is. I noted in the debate ear- monia that required supplementary oxygen. ple—from women. Also, it is wrong to lier—I want to make this point at this Several experts said the risks could have made it difficult to get the study past Amer- exploit women for their eggs, and that time—that it appears as if at the current research rate it would take 100 or ican institutional review boards—groups re- is the other side of the human cloning sponsible for ensuring that research is safe story. SCNT cloning, as proposed by more human eggs per cloned embryo— 100 you are going to have to harvest and ethical. proponents of the technique, would re- ‘‘This is an incredibly invasive therapy to from young women to get this process quire millions of human eggs. In all be tried on children without knowing if any- to move forward with human cloning. likelihood, poor and disadvantaged one will benefit from it,’’ said Dr. Lainie Mr. President, I will reserve the re- Ross, associate director of the University of women would be particularly vulner- mainder of my time at this point. I able to exploitation via financial in- Chicago’s MacLean Center for Clinical Med- yield the floor. ical Ethics. centives for donation. This is troubling EXHIBIT 1 Ross said she would not have authorized because retrieving such eggs violates [From the Chicago Tribune, Apr. 11, 2007] such a study unless it enrolled only adults. the dignity of a woman and may cause HOPE, RISK IN DIABETES TRIAL She said research ethics guidelines state serious harm to her health. that risky experimental therapies should not (By Jeremy Manier) The Brownback-Landrieu Human be used on children unless it’s impossible to Cloning Prohibition Act is the only ef- A new diabetes treatment developed at test them on adult subjects—and in this Northwestern University has allowed some fective ban on human cloning. Any case, adult diabetes patients were available. patients to stop taking insulin for more than In fact, Burt said his original protocol in- other ban is one that is allowing thera- two years, but it also has spurred ethical ob- cluded a cutoff age of 18, but a Brazilian re- peutic cloning and even encouraging it jections from researchers who say the trial view board changed it to allow younger pa- but certainly not banning human put Brazilian children at unnecessary risk. Thirteen of the 15 patients in a stem-cell tients in the study. Ages of the subjects cloning. Others would regulate what ranged from 14 to 31, with eight participants could be done with the human clones, study went off insulin for at least six months, prompting cautious excitement younger than 18. normally requiring its destruction, but from some researchers who have seen the re- Burt said the study was done in Brazil not they do nothing to prevent the process sults, to be published Wednesday in the Jour- to avoid the need for an American review of human cloning, which violates nal of the American Medical Association. All board, but because he couldn’t find an Amer- human dignity on many levels. We of the patients had the less common form of ican diabetes expert interested in pursuing should take a stand against turning diabetes called early-onset, or Type 1 diabe- his idea. He said Northwestern review board officials told him his collaboration with the young human beings into commodities. tes, which normally requires close blood-glu- cose monitoring and long-term use of insulin Brazilian team was fine so long as he was not We should not destroy human life for injections. directly involved in patient care. The Juve- research purposes. The new approach, designed by Dr. Richard nile Diabetes Research Foundation cau- I will not be voting for cloning today, Burt of Northwestern, enlists a patient’s own tiously embraced the technique while point- and I will continue to look for an op- stem cells in an effort to halt the immune ing out the need for further study. A state- portunity to bring this legislation for- system’s destruction of insulin-producing ment from the group said that in the trial, ward as an amendment to other bills. ‘‘beta’’ cells in the pancreas—the root cause ‘‘the immune system was apparently reset or Again, I point out to my colleagues of Type 1 diabetes. retrained, and after the procedure, the symp- Burt drafted the protocol, and doctors at that is the route we are on with this— toms of diabetes were reversed.’’ the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil carried But the statement also noted that because to promote human cloning so there will it out. The patients, some as young as 14, got of the risks, ‘‘it is not clear whether this be genetic matches in the human em- intense drug treatment that wiped out their trial would be approved in the U.S.’’ bryonic stem cell procedures. I do not immune systems. They then received injec- One weakness of the study was its lack of believe that is the path we should fol- tions of their own blood stem cells in hopes a control group, said Dr. Mark Anderson of low. of renewing the immune system without the the University of California at San Fran- I want to address some of the trait that makes it target beta cells. cisco’s Diabetes Center. Without that, it’s ‘‘Their results look better than anything thoughts several colleagues have impossible to quantify how much improve- I’ve seen so far,’’ said Dr. Gordon C. Weir, a ment the therapy offered. One scientist in- brought up about what it is we are diabetes researcher and head of a transplan- doing. Human embryos are being de- terested in taking the next step is Dr. Jay tation program at Harvard Medical School’s Skyler of the University of Miami, who stroyed for research purposes and for Joslin Diabetes Center. wrote an accompanying editorial in JAMA. Though small in scale, the study is signifi- stem cells. Some have referred to this ‘‘I don’t think [this study] would have got- cant as the first attempt to treat diabetes as ‘‘potential life,’’ which strikes me as ten approval at our institution out of the using a ‘‘cell-based’’ therapy, researchers a bit like the debate we had on the box.’’ Skyler said. ‘‘But now that it’s worked said. Such treatments may become more I would be championing it. I want to be one issue of slavery, where we deemed a common as scientists look beyond insulin of the sites that’s doing it.’’ person three-fifths of a person at one and try approaches using adult stem cells or point in time. That is a complete legal embryonic stem cells, which could directly The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- fiction. You are either a person or you replace the tissue damaged in diabetes. Type pore. Who yields time? are not. You are either life or you are 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I sug- not life. It is not potential life. No- 21 million diabetes cases in the U.S.; the rest gest the absence of a quorum. where in the scientific literature is suffer from Type 2 diabetes, which is linked The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- with obesity. there a description of potential life. ‘‘These are promising results that suggest pore. The clerk will call the roll. The embryo is a species at that stage we should go further,’’ said Burt, a specialist The assistant legislative clerk proof development in the life cycle. That in immunesuppression therapy. ceeded to call the roll.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I ask this issue has evolved. We have learned islation—torture bills, pork, giveaways unanimous consent that the order for that the lines available for research are to oil companies, and tax cuts for mil- the quorum call be rescinded. far less useful than we had initially lionaires. But when it came to a strong The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- hoped. We learned the technology is as emerging national consensus on an pore. Without objection, it is so or- promising as we dreamed it might be. issue that brings hope to families dered. We have come to understand that em- across the country, the President chose Who yields time? bracing stem cell research does not to shut down the debate and block Fed- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I yield condemn us to the slippery slope of eral funding for scientific research. 10 minutes to the Senator from Massa- human cloning. Make no mistake, this is a personal chusetts. Since the President’s decision, stem issue—deeply personal for each of us in The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- cell research funded by the private sec- this Chamber, and for the President. I pore. The Senator from Massachusetts tor and by the States has gone ahead understand that. I am confident when is recognized. across the country. But it has gone the President made his decision about Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, I thank ahead slower than many of us might stem cell research over 6 years ago, he the Chair and the distinguished man- like in the absence of crucial Federal searched his mind and his heart, as all ager. I thank him also for his leader- funding—fast enough to fill the pages of us who care passionately about this ship on this issue, which has been long of major medical journals with excit- issue have done. If he vetoes stem cell and steady. ing new discoveries. But this research research again, that will send a mes- Last summer, I had the privilege of has taken place on a large enough scale sage that this country no longer in- coming to the floor to speak on this at our most important educational re- tends to be the global leader in sci- issue, accompanied by a summer intern search institutions to be able to tell us entific knowledge and discovery. It from my office, a college student from it addresses our major fears. What in would send a message to Americans Massachusetts named Beth Colby. Beth the summer of 2001 might have seemed suffering from Parkinson’s, spinal inju- was paralyzed from the chest down in a a well-founded suspicion has com- ries, and countless ailments that their car accident when she was 14 years old. pletely proven to be unfounded. As well-being is not important to us. We She came to Washington, like so many Newt Gingrich told me yesterday, after are telling these people we could do women, and so many young folks, pe- reversing himself and acknowledging more to cure you, but we choose not to. riod, to learn about Government. She the threat posed by global warming is We are telling them help is not on the also came here with a determination to both urgent and real, serious legisla- way. try to fight for the scientific research tors change their stances over time. The current policy is eroding our na- that holds untold promise for her and That is permissible. That is the prod- tional advantage on stem cell research. for tens of millions of Americans. She uct of thinking, the product of addi- It is undermining the hopes and dreams of millions of Americans. We are tying wanted to be, as she put it to me in tional information and additional our scientists’ hands behind their asking to come to the floor during the input. debate on stem cell research, a face Look at the Senate. Republicans backs and holding them back from the possibilities of the future. Senators can see so they can see what such as JOHN MCCAIN, former majority We need a Federal policy that builds they are voting for. leader BILL FRIST, the Senator from on the advances being made in our The truth is there are people like Utah, ORRIN HATCH, who is on the floor States and our universities, in our pri- that in every single community in our now, have looked carefully at the sci- vate foundations, and in our research country. They are all hoping to benefit entific facts and have searched their centers, all of which have proceeded in one day from lifesaving stem cell ther- own consciousness. They have all a thoughtful and commonsense way to apy. Grandparents with Parkinson’s reached the same conclusion: Opposing the ethics concerned in this issue. The disease have that hope. Soldiers com- stem cell research is the opposite of a research now is already showing tre- ing back from Iraq who are crippled by pro-life policy. mendous promise. In my State of Mas- a roadside bomb have that hope. Chil- Last summer, 63 Senators, Repub- sachusetts, some of the best scientists dren who, decades from now, will suffer licans and Democrats alike, and 235 in the world are working at the White- from a disease we are not aware of yet, House Members voted in favor of stem head Institute for Biomedical Research or that we know well, hope stem cell cell research. That was a responsible at MIT and the Harvard Stem Cell In- research might be able to cure them. bill, a consensus bill. It was designed stitute. We are still in the early stages Since we first heard about stem cell specifically to address the concerns of of this line of research, but there is research several years ago, the country lawmakers who are worried about the here the kind of discovery that we are has been on a journey together. We bioethics—and appropriately worried, I already making. have discussed it. A lot of folks have might add. It is difficult to get 63 Sen- Let me explain. The Harvard Stem sat around their kitchen tables and in ators to agree on anything more con- Cell Institute identified cells that they their living rooms and have talked troversial than the sort of standard call ‘‘master cardiac’’ stem cells, which about stem cell research. Everybody fare of America, and it is especially dif- is a single cell type that gives rise to has debated it. We have learned a lot ficult on a polarizing, emotionally the major cellular building blocks of more about the promise and the peril charged issue. But we came together as the mammalian heart. That discovery of stem cell research. At first, our nat- a Senate. We hammered out our dif- rewrote the story of cardiac develop- ural reaction was to temper our excite- ferences and they came together in the ment and contributed a significant ment with a well-founded fear that this House, and we arrived at a smart, building block toward what could be- technology perhaps posed insurmount- thoughtful, sensitive piece of legisla- come revolutionary new treatments for able ethical hurdles. The President tion that reflected a consensus and re- heart disease. We are already seeing himself deliberated. He appointed a spected our collective conscience. cures for diseases in our labs. task force. He studied and debated the When we did so, we were confronted by At the Whitehead Institute, a leading fine points with teams of bioethicists. a President who promised to proceed stem cell researcher and his team used He reached what he felt was a reason- with great care, whose commitment to stem cell therapy to cure a mouse suf- able compromise. In August of 2001, he deliberation has calcified into a stub- fering from an immune deficiency dis- announced to the American people that born refusal to confront reality or re- ease. As you can see, the research is Federal funds would be used only for engage in a changing debate. still in the early stages, so we cannot research on a few lines of stem cells America has evolved on this issue, say what the immediate results are that were already harvested. Back but the President has stood still. That going to be for humans. But, rest as- then, he said stem cells ‘‘offer both is why over an overwhelming bipar- sured, today’s breakthroughs in mice great promise and great peril. I have tisan Senate majority, the President fi- have often become tomorrow’s cures decided we must proceed with great nally dusted off the veto pen and of- for humans. care.’’ fered up the first and, to date, the only Now we can all hope that alter- That was the President speaking. veto of his entire Presidency. The natives to embryonic stem cell re- Since then, America’s understanding of President has signed good and bad leg- search hold similar promise. But you

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4327 cannot wish away what our scientists Senate sent the administration a There are four points I have learned are telling us. Research on embryonic strong message by passing a bill that about this issue. The Senator from stem cells is incredibly promising, piv- would responsibly fund this research, Massachusetts just spoke. He and I otal to this new field, and not easily and the American people showed their have a very different view on this sidestepped. Nobel Prize winners past agreement last November when they issue. What I have learned about this and present, and most likely future, be- sent an even larger majority back to issue is that honorable people can dis- lieve this is the future biology of med- Washington to vote in greater numbers agree. Honorable people who truly ical science. to support lifesaving scientific re- want to see cures take place for Ameri- People of good will and good sense search. Sixty-three votes are not cans and for people all across the world can resolve these complicated ethical enough. We hope we receive more today can disagree as to their viewpoint as it issues without stopping lifesaving reso that we can open the doors to this relates to embryonic stem cell research. The country has led the world promising future. search. Again, all of us support adult in revolutionary discoveries, with our I thank the Chair. stem cell research. breakthroughs and our beliefs moving The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who The second point I have learned is ahead together, symbiotically. Senate yields time? that there are tremendous break- passage of this bill with a veto-proof Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I yield throughs, as I have already mentioned, majority can put us, again, on that 10 minutes to the distinguished Sen- regarding research that is taking place path. ator from Tennessee, Mr. CORKER. with adult stem cells, cord blood stem We are giving this administration yet The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cells, and amniotic fluids have matter another chance to consider a misjudg- ator from Tennessee is recognized that is creating stem cells. Tremen- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, I will ment with profound consequences. We dous cures are being created with these probably take more like 5 minutes, if are working to create a framework for stem cells. the Senator from Georgia wants to al- ethical, federally funded research. Like The third point is that science is locate the time elsewhere. going to absolutely outpace our ability the bill passed last summer, this legis- Mr. President, I thank you for the lation provides important ethical safe- to deal with this issue. There is no opportunity to speak today. As you can question that even if we pass legisla- guards by extending federally funded tell by my location in the Senate, I am research only to embryos that are, one, tion today, science is going to continue new to the Senate. I spent a great deal to outpace us as it relates to our abil- donated by in vitro fertilization clin- of time, as many people did, over the ics; two, created specifically for fer- ity to deal with this fascinating area of course of the last 2 years visiting with science. But I also believe science and tility treatment, not for research; citizens in our State. I think there is three, in excess of treatment needs and these breakthroughs are going to allow nothing that touches us in the public us to continue to achieve these cures would otherwise be discarded; and four, arena more than seeing people who donated by treatment-seeking individ- for Americans and for people all across have needs and trying to address those this world without creating this eth- uals who provided written, informed needs. That is the reason many of us consent and were not offered financial ical divide of destroying human em- are in the public arena—I hope all of us bryos. inducements. I cannot think of any are in the public arena. way to more effectively and thought- So I am here to strongly support and Few of us are untouched by the many applaud the Senator from Georgia and fully address the ethical issues that are illnesses that plague Americans. I concerned here. the Senator from Minnesota who have know all of us have people who have put forth the HOPE Act. I am here to Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- diseases, such as diabetes, various sent for 2 more minutes. Is that pos- strongly support S. 30, which allows ad- forms of cancers, heart disease, Alz- ditional research to take place on stem sible? heimer’s. I know my own family has The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. cells without breaking that divide. I been touched by Alzheimer’s disease. am also here to voice opposition to S. BROWN). Without objection, it is so or- My father has it. All of us are aware of dered. 5, which actually uses Federal dollars issues that are affecting human beings. to destroy human embryos. Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, what We also want to see breakthroughs may not have been clear to us ini- Mr. President, I yield back my time. take place. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who tially—and it should be clear now—it It is amazing, the breakthroughs yields time? The Senator from Iowa is just doesn’t make sense to allow in that are taking place today with stem recognized. vitro fertilization to create millions of cell research—research from adult Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, first, I embryos that will never become human stem cells, research that is taking say to my friend from Tennessee, there beings and then prohibit science from place from matter from amniotic is not one dime in S. 5 that would be using them to cure sick people and re- fluids, research that is taking place permitted to be used for the destruc- lieve human suffering but to simply from cord blood matter. So there are tion of embryos—not one dime. That is discard those embryos. amazing cures taking place in America prohibited by the Dickey-Wicker Valuing the mysteries and sacredness today with this research, and I doubt amendment. This bill does not override of human life is something all of us there is a Senator in this body—not a that amendment. Not one dime in this should do. It underlies every religion Senator in this body—who doesn’t sup- bill can ever be used for the destruc- on this planet. Stem cell advocates are port stem cell research. The issue real- tion of any embryos. I just want to no different. Here in the Senate and ly comes down to embryonic stem cell make that very clear. across this country, Americans are ap- research. Mr. President, I yield 20 minutes to proaching an ethical consensus which Mr. President, I want you to know my colleague, someone with whom I bans human cloning, which is thought- that over the course of the last 2 years, have worked on health issues now ful about the use of embryos that I spent a tremendous amount of time going back—let me think about this— would be discarded, and which respects looking into this issue, reading white almost 13 years, I guess, back to 1993, life and also respects that life by pro- papers, talking to researchers all someone with whom I have worked tecting stem cell research. across America, visiting embryonic very closely on a number of health We don’t have the luxury of patience, adoption centers where embryos were issues and for whom I have a great deal not when 100 million Americans suffer actually being adopted and creating of respect for his approach on this issue from illnesses that might one day be human beings. Because of this issue, and so many others. I yield 20 minutes cured with stem cell therapy, not when because of the ethical divide this issue to the distinguished Senator from more than 3,000 Americans die from seems to create for so many Ameri- Utah, Mr. HATCH. diseases every day that one day may be cans, a tremendous amount of time was The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- made treatable by stem cell research. put forth by myself and my staff, but ator from Utah is recognized. If we can get 67 votes out of 100 Sen- myself firsthand, to reach a conclusion Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I thank ators—4 more than we had last sum- about this issue and to be able to com- my colleague from Iowa. I appreciate mer—then we can send the President a municate that to Tennesseans and the arguments he has been making veto-proof message. Last summer, the Americans. about this issue.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4328 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Mr. President, I rise to speak in sup- brain injury. I imagine Tori going back The stories I have just related com- port of embryonic stem cell research. to the snowboarding and dancing that pel me to advocate for all types of eth- First, I plan to vote in favor of both she loved. Tori Schmanski’s parents ical stem cell research—adult, cord bills that will be considered today, S. 5, flew her to China for stem-cell therapy. blood, amniotic, and embryonic. the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Her father said something that struck Indeed, it must be recognized that in Act of 2007, and S. 30, the Hope Offered me. He said, ‘‘Our hope is that next August, 2001, President Bush became through Principled and Ethical Stem time we do this, we won’t have to go to the first President to support Federal Cell Research Act. China.’’ America has long been the funding for embryonic stem cell re- I call upon my colleagues to vote in world leader in ethical biomedical research. The President has my respect favor of and pass these bills. search, and we should not lightly cede and admiration for his decision. At And I call upon the President to sign this ground. that time, he announced that 78 embry- both bills into law. When I consider the potential of stem onic stem cell lines would be eligible However, let me make one point per- cell research, I think of people like 17- for Federal support. It was a good fectly clear while I will be voting for year-old Travis Ashton of Highland, start. both S. 5 and S. 30, I believe that S. 5 UT, whose brain was injured in a car It was also a decision that recognized is clearly preferable to S. 30. S. 5 per- accident. Today, he is struggling to discarded embryos can, and should, be mits Federal funding for embryonic dribble a basketball. I hope tomorrow used to advance our Nation’s scientific stem cell research; S. 30 does not. he will be able not only to dribble a inquiry. That is fundamentally still I want everyone to understand that basketball but dunk a couple of bas- the issue before us today. the votes we cast today could tomor- kets as well. The President’s policy has not lived row mean the difference between a And I think of my great friend, Presi- up to its promise. healthy life and one of misery for dent Ronald Reagan, whose genius and In the past 6 years, much has many, many Americans. energy were sapped away in what were changed. What was once thought to be I commend my good friends and col- to have been his golden years by the over 70 stem cell lines has dwindled. A leagues for their hard work on S. 5— ravages of Alzheimer’s disease. I imag- number of scientists have told me that first, Senator ARLEN SPECTER and Sen- ine him finishing his days with his in reality the number of usable cell ator TOM HARKIN, who held over 15 bi- characteristic humor and vitality. lines has shriveled to merely a dozen or partisan hearings on embryonic stem Last year when Congress voted on fewer. cell research over the last several the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Scientists have told me that these years. Act of 2005, Former First Lady Nancy lines are not enough to represent the Next, I recognize Senators KENNEDY, Reagan sent me a letter urging the general population anyway—they have SMITH and FEINSTEIN for their coura- Senate to support the bill. Let me re- been genetically distorted by years of geous leadership and commitment to mind you what it so poignantly said: replication. Furthermore, they are con- this important issue. Dear Orrin: taminated with so-called animal feeder And, in the House of Representatives, Thank you for your continued commit- cells and, therefore, can never be ap- ment to helping the millions of Americans Representatives MIKE CASTLE and who suffer from devastating and disabling proved for use in human therapy. DIANA DEGETTE must be singled out for diseases. Your support has given so much Existing Federal policy has created their principled leadership on the com- hope to so many. what I have characterized as hand- panion embryonic stem cell research It has been nearly a year since the United cuffed science. By this I mean that sci- measure, which was approved by a States House of Representatives first ap- entists are forced to go to extreme strong bipartisan vote. proved the stem cell legislation that would lengths to comply with Federal law. Each day, the Congress must address open the research so we could fully unleash When they are able to scrounge up pri- consequential events—and even mo- its promise. For those who are waiting every vate funding for fresh embryonic stem day for scientific progress to help their loved mentous threats to our Nation—but it ones, the wait for United States Senate ac- cell lines, the scientists find their is not often that we have the oppor- tion has been very difficult and hard to com- hands bound. tunity to cast a vote that is filled with prehend. They are afraid of violating Federal as much hope and promise for the fu- I understand that the United States Senate law by mixing research between the ture as the embryonic stem cell re- is now considering voting on H.R. 810, the limited, contaminated, federally sanc- search bill we are considering today. Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act, some- tioned stem cells and cells with the It reminds me of our country’s quest time this month. Orrin, I know I can count new cell lines lawfully developed with for space many years ago, which was on friends like you to help make sure this happens. There is just no more time to wait. non-Federal funds. No equipment pur- no more than a dream when the effort Sincerely, chased with NIH funds touches the began. Yet what was only a vision Nancy new, lawful cell lines and the result is when it was conceived, yielded wonders As we all know, last year, the Senate that equipment purchased with Federal beyond anything we could have imag- did approve this legislation, but Presi- money lays underused while limited ined. dent Bush vetoed it. precious money is used to purchase du- The American space program has And while I think we all know how plicate equipment and supplies. spawned many important new ad- this vote will come out today, it re- Dr. Linda Kelley is an Associate Pro- vances. When I think of space explo- mains my fervent hope and prayer that fessor of Medicine at the University of ration, I ponder the gift of global posi- President Bush—a person whom I Utah. Dr. Kelley told me that the lim- tioning technology. I consider the greatly respect and with whom I share ited number of currently federally weather mapping that we depend upon strong belief in the right to life—will sanctioned cell lines is so unstable to warn us of impending natural disas- sign this bill into law. that, in her words, ‘‘You are lucky if ters. I marvel at the revolution of in- I have received many letters from you can recover 10 percent of the cells stantaneous worldwide communica- constituents who ask me, ‘‘Senator they send you.’’ She said the cells have tion. HATCH, how can you support embryonic been reused for so long that they have As a science, embryonic stem cell re- stem cell research when adult cell re- degraded and no longer represent the search today is where the space pro- search is so promising?’’ They ask, comprehensive human population. gram was when we first dreamed of it. ‘‘Why don’t you realize that cord blood I do not want Utah’s scientists mov- When I think of embryonic stem cell research makes embryonic stem cell ing to California or America’s sci- research, I imagine diabetics without research unnecessary?’’ entists moving overseas so they can do insulin pumps. I dream of patients with My answer is simple. Who among us their research. Parkinson’s Disease who sprint rather can know which will yield the greatest Just as we are a nation that would than shuffle. I conceive of patients breakthroughs? Who among us dares to never want to allow a situation to exist with spinal cord injury who stand up predetermine the outcome by limiting where American citizens must go and walk again. the possibilities of ethical scientific re- abroad for best medical treatment, we I think of 16-year-old Tori Schmanski search at the outset of this new field of should neither allow nor accept an at- of Orem, UT, who sustained a severe research? mosphere where our best doctors and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4329 scientists must go abroad to develop them especially attractive cells for cell years ago, yet the cell lines that re- and provide the best medicine. transplantation-based therapies: i) searchers use today are far superior to I do not want U.S. scientists walking rapid cell division and ii) versatility. the ones available 5 or 10 years ago. away from embryonic stem cell re- Rapid cell division is critical if we With the hope of further improve- search because there are too many im- want to use any stem cells for trans- ments, we continue to isolate new pediments to pursuing it in our coun- plantation therapy, as we must quickly mouse embryonic stem cell lines. try for our citizens. expand a limited number of cells to the So long as the Federal funding ban Dr. Marie Cseta is a cell biologist large mass required for therapeutic ef- remains in place, the majority of from Emory University and is one of fect. Embryonic stem cells are almost American researchers cannot make the many scientists who firmly believe unique in their capacity for rapid similar progress with human embry- that embryonic stem cells hold unusual growth without loss of developmental onic stem cells, nor exploit the ad- promise. She is unable to send her NIH- function. vances made by others. With the limits funded, post doctoral fellows to quali- The versatility of embryonic stem currently in place, American human fied laboratories to learn new proce- cells is truly remarkable. In the mouse, embryonic stem cell researchers are in dures because those laboratories work embryonic stem cells have been un- the unfortunate and unique position of with the new cell lines. She told me equivocally demonstrated to be being frozen in time, trapped by the that the restrictions that current Fed- pluripotent, capable of generating technical limitations of mid-2001, while eral policy places upon her and her col- every cell type present in the adult other disciplines continue to advance. leagues are, in her words ‘‘ . . . so odi- body. Studies in cell culture indicate This makes no sense from a medical or ous that many scientists just do not that human embryonic stem cells also scientific perspective. try.’’ possess this remarkable pluripotency. Although today’s debate focuses on I want scientists to try. 3. Adult stem cells grow slowly. In the use of spare embryos to develop I think we will see after today’s vote contrast, adult stem cells divide slowly embryonic stem cell lines, the next two that most Senators want scientists to and normally require a very specialized points that Dr. Capecchi makes center try. and undefined cellular environment— on a different method of producing em- I am sure my friends, neighbors, and called a niche—for their survival and bryonic stem cell lines. constituents in Utah want our best sci- growth. For example, removal of adult For the last three Congresses, Sen- entists to try. intestinal stem cells from their bio- ator FEINSTEIN and I have introduced In forming my opinions and views on logical niche leads to their automatic, legislation that addresses this form of this topic, I met with many leading ex- programmed cell death. Blood stem embryonic stem cell research. Al- perts in the field of science, ethics, law cells, obtained from the bone marrow, though this issue is not squarely before and, yes, religion. I met with a number are among the few adult stem cells cur- us today, I hope that the majority of Nobel Laureates including Dr. Har- rently in clinical use, but they cannot leader will allow us to take up this im- old Varmus, former Director of the Na- yet be expanded in culture without los- portant matter sometime this Con- tional Institutes of Health; Dr. Thomas ing their developmental function, and gress. 7. Somatic cell nuclear transfer as a Cech of the Howard Hughes Institute of hence their limited therapeutic utility. research tool. A limitation of IVF em- Medical Research and Dr. Paul Berg of 4. Adult stem cells are very re- bryo-derived stem cells is their poten- Stanford University. stricted in what cell types they can tial of rejection by the patient because I met with other leading experts in- produce. Whereas embryonic stem cells of immunological incompatibility. A cluding: Dr. Curt Civin and Dr. John are extremely versatile in their capac- potential solution is the generation of Gearhart both of Johns Hopkins Uni- ity to generate different cell types, ‘‘customized’’ embryonic stem cells by versity; Dr. Irv Weissman of Stanford adult stem cells appear to range in somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT, University; and the University of versatility from quite restricted—for which has been demonstrated in proof Utah’s own Dr. Mario Capecchi. example, blood stem cells that can gen- of concept experiments in mice. Let me tell my colleagues that we erate multiple types of blood cells, but While, at present, nuclear transfer have some great scientists in the State nothing else—to completely restricted, using human eggs to generate cus- of Utah. In fact, Dr. Capecchi, a leading for example, muscle stem cells that tomized embryonic stem cells for ther- research professor at the University of generate only muscle cells. apy would be too complex and too con- Utah, is widely recognized as one of the 5. Many important organs do not troversial to be applicable for routine true pioneers of embryonic stem cell have adult stem cells. Many tissues transplantation medicine, it represents research. He has been working on em- such as liver, pancreas, and blood ves- an important tool for investigating the bryonic stem cell research throughout sels do not appear to have a cor- mechanism of converting a somatic his 40-year career. He has been the re- responding adult stem cell population. cell such as skin cell into an embryonic cipient of the prestigious Lasker Therapies of diseases involving these stem cell. Award which is considered the most tissues would therefore not be readily We need to learn the ‘‘reprogram- prestigious American award in the bio- approachable by adult stem cell-based ming rules’’ the egg uses to convert the medical sciences. It is often the case therapy, but could be approached using adult nucleus into an embryonic state that Lasker Award winners go on to re- embryonic stem cell-based therapies. following nuclear transplantation. One ceive Nobel prizes. 6. The usefulness of existing embry- goal of research in this field is to con- When I was home in Utah last week, onic stem cell lines is extremely lim- vert a somatic cell to a pluripotent em- I spent a lot of time talking to Dr. ited. The approved set of human embryonic stem-cell-like state in culture Capecchi. I asked him if he could pro- bryonic stem cell lines, authorized without SCNT. vide me with what he believed are the nearly 6 years ago for federally funded We need to use eggs temporarily to top reasons why our government research, is woefully inadequate. Some learn how to reprogram the adult nu- should fund embryonic stem cell re- of them apparently do not exist at all, cleus without the need for human eggs. search. He shared the following with others are embroiled in extensive pro- Progress toward this goal can only be me: prietary agreements and all of them assured if Federal funding would be 1. Potential source of cures. Embry- though suitable for some research pur- able to support research in this field in onic stem cell research provides the po- poses, will never be suitable, due to the best academic institutions of our tential to cure or ameliorate some of problems with contamination, for country. the most devastating and costly dis- therapeutic purposes. 8. Embryonic stem cells to study eases faced by our Nation including di- More importantly, ongoing re- human disease. Because SCNT allows abetes, Parkinson’s disease, and Alz- search—funded by private foundations production of patient-specific embry- heimer’s disease. and industry, or performed abroad—has onic stem cells, this approach would 2. Embryonic stem cells grow quickly brought about improvements in how allow establishing research tools for and are versatile. Two inherent prop- laboratories isolate and grow embry- the investigation of complex human erties of embryonic stem cells, not onic stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkin- shared with adult stem cells, make cells were first characterized over 25 son’s, ALS, or diabetes in cell culture.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4330 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 An embryonic stem cell line derived Senate and the American public—is and really around the world. And with- from such patients would carry in its your vote for S. 5, the Specter-Harkin out NIH support, embryonic stem cell genome all genetic alterations that bill that has already passed the House research will never reach its full poten- caused the disease. Thus, differen- by a broad bipartisan vote. Our leading tial. tiating these patient-specific embry- scientists, including more than 40 While constrained by his position in onic stem cells in culture to a cell type Nobel Laureates, tell us at this time the administration about what he can that is defective in the patients may there is no known scientific substitute and cannot say about the legislation provide crucial insights into the pa- for embryonic stem cells. before the Senate, in testimony before thology of the disease and may provide Yet I understand that the vote I ask the Congress, NIH Director Dr. Elias a critical platform to identify drugs you to cast is ethically troubling for Zerhouni recently made it abundantly that help prevent, ameliorate, or cure some of my colleagues. clear that—based on consideration of the disease. I have a long, proud and strong science alone—embryonic stem cell re- 9. Lack of government commitment record as a right-to-life Senator. search presents great opportunities for means lack of future researchers. The I stand against abortion on demand, scientific advancement. And Dr. brightest young researchers in our and I think that Roe v. Wade should Zerhouni is not alone. country are currently not engaging in never have been decided the way it As I emphasized, one reason is that human embryonic stem research be- was. the limited and continually shrinking As a member and former chairman of cause they are aware of its uncertain number of federally sanctioned con- the Senate Judiciary Committee, I future, the low level of commitment by taminated cell lines are so tired that worked toward a constitutional amend- our government to its support and of they no longer adequately represent ment banning abortion. the genetic code of the larger human the cumbersome restrictions faced by In the 108th Congress, I was at the scientists participating in this re- family. President’s side when he signed the bill A second is that the logistics of in- search. We are losing the scientists banning the barbaric practice of partial that will carry this critical research vestigation are burdensome and im- birth abortion. I was chairman of the practical because of the need to sepa- into the future. House-Senate conference committee 10. Health and economic implica- rate funding sources for research with that finalized the bill. the limited, deficient federally sanctions. The health and economic impli- So why does a pro-life Senator sup- cations of human stem cell research tioned stem cell lines and the newer port embryonic stem cell research? Be- cell lines lawfully developed within are enormous and other countries have cause I do not consider a frozen embryo Federal support. recognized this potential. They are to be a human life until it is implanted A third reason is that scientists can- heavily investing in embryonic stem in a woman’s uterus. S. 5 allocates Fed- not now use Federal funds for research cell research. Our country is in grave eral research funding to embryonic on any embryonic stem cell line that danger of falling behind in one of the stem cells derived from frozen embryos they could implant in humans—these most promising fields of biomedical re- that are to be discarded. In fact, thou- federally sanctioned lines are contami- search. sands of such embryos are routinely nated with animal cells. Dr. Capecchi gives very compelling discarded each year. A fourth reason is the need to be able reasons for funding embryonic stem I should explain why frozen embryos to bring the fruits of basic research to cell research. I believe that all ethi- exist and why they are discarded. the patient. It is one thing to find sev- cally responsible avenues of stem cell As part of the fertility treatment eral hundred thousand dollars of pri- research should be pursued and that is process, multiple embryos are created vate money to complete an early stage the Congress’s obligation to the Amer- and only one or a few of those that are research project on stem cell lines in ican public to see that they all are pur- created are ultimately used. The rest the laboratory. However, when it sued. can be stored for years in liquid nitro- comes time for clinical testing, the But let me caution that no one gen. About 11,000 embryos per year are costs of research are in the millions of should imagine that one bill is a sub- discarded by their donors and could be dollars, not the hundreds of thousands stitute for the other. used for research. of dollars per experiment. Typically, S. 30, introduced by Senator NORM I see ethics as being on the side of this kind of private money is not avail- COLEMAN, directs the Secretary of creating human life through fertility able unless it is from industry. Clinical Health and Human Services to conduct treatments. I see it as trying to cure research with stem cells will hit the and support research on pluripotent human misery through ethical stem wall without NIH funding when that stem cells that do not damage a human cell research as is provided through S. time comes. embryo. It also specifies work on natu- 5. The private sector will not want to rally dead embryos. When I first took this position in invest millions of dollars into stem cell But, the concept of alive-but-natu- 2001, it was over the objection of some lines that we already know will never rally-dead embryos is based upon lim- of my constituents in Utah. Utah is a yield ethical human treatments. Nor ited research that has not yet been du- very conservative State. Since that should Congress and the public allow plicated widely. time, however, the majority of Utahns the status quo to continue. It is promising research, but it is no and the majority of Americans have If we unlock the shackles on our sci- more than that at this stage. In fact, come to support the use of Federal entists, I believe we can materially some scientists are worried that these funds for embryonic stem cell research shorten the time between basic and ap- arrested embryos are defective and conducted under ethical guidelines. plied research—the time between the would, therefore, produce defective This year, as in past years, I have test tube and the patient’s bedside. Let stem cells. And it is by no means cer- had a steady stream of Utahns with me give you just a few examples of tain that an arrested embryo can be chronic diseases visiting my office urg- what has been accomplished since the differentiated from one that could de- ing me to continue to push for stem Senate last debated this issue. velop further. cell research. One young man who has In last October’s Nature, bio- In short, this idea may not pan out. been afflicted with diabetes since technology investigators reported that Recently, there was another flurry of youth now has a son with the disease. they could convert human embryonic activity around the possibility that He urged me to continue with this stem cells into cells capable of synthe- certain cells in amniotic fluid behave fight so that maybe his son might be sizing insulin, the missing hormone in similarly to stem cells. But even Dr. spared the ravages of the disease. A diabetics. This work was conducted on Anthony Atala who characterized these woman disabled with multiple sclerosis privately funded stem cell lines. cells has said that it is a mistake to as- earnestly told me to persist. A con- At the University of California, Los sume that they are a substitute for em- stituent with Parkinson’s disease told Angeles researchers demonstrated that bryonic stem cells. me to do whatever it takes. They all they could coax embryonic stem cells The vote that counts in the minds of want hope. into becoming T-cells of the immune our best and brightest scientists—and NIH support is the bedrock of sci- system, the missing cell line in AIDS should count for my colleagues in the entific research in the United States patients.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4331 And in my own State of Utah, Dr. In the opening days of your term in office, S. 5, the Stem Cell Research En- Raymond D. Lund, a professor of the scientists have completed the task of se- hancement Act of 2007, would allow Moran Eye Center at the University of quencing the human genome. While this ac- Federal dollars to support research on Utah, reported that human embryonic complishment—the work of many in the pub- stem cells derived from human em- lic and private sectors—is of historical sig- stem cells injected into the eyes of nificance, it is only the end of the beginning bryos created through in vitro fer- blind rats improved their vision. This in a new era of our understanding of the bio- tilization. important work was conducted with logical sciences. Over your next eight years S. 30, the so-called alternative bill, private funding. in office, you have an unprecedented oppor- would provide the support for other An Israeli team partially funded by tunity to provide the personal leadership re- means of deriving pluripotent stem the Israel Science Foundation reported quired to see to it that your Administration cells. In that regard, both measures de- engineering a small piece of heart tis- will be remembered by future historians as serve the Senate’s support. I find it sue derived from human embryonic the beginning of the end for such deadly and troubling that these measures should debilitating diseases as cancer, Alzheimer’s be pitted against one another. Many stem cells that contracted rhyth- and diabetes. mically, carrying promise for future argue that S. 5 is a must-pass legisla- cardiac replacement therapies. That is what S. 5 is all about—pro- tion, and I would tend to agree with Last month, Dr. Dachun Wang and viding a potential new avenue of re- them. Dr. Rick A. Wetsel at the University of search that may lead to treatments But that should not detract from the Texas reported a procedure that dif- and cures for many diseases that afflict importance of alternative forms of ferentiates human embryonic stem many families across our Nation and stem cell research sanctioned in S. 30. cells into the lung cells that are miss- the world. As research on embryonic and other ing from many lung diseases. The work Mr. President, while I have no objec- forms of stem cells like amniotic or was funded with a grant from a private tions to S. 30, let us not delude our- the placental therapies is still in its in- donor. selves into thinking it is the best solu- fancy, we need to support them all to Finally, in a recent Nature Medicine tion to this. Again, while I will be vot- fully realize the potential they might Journal, human embryonic stem cells ing for both S. 5 and S. 30, I believe hold. delayed the onset of the mouse equiva- that S. 5 is clearly preferable to S. 30. Since the Senate last considered lent of a degenerative brain disease by S. 5 permits Federal funding for embry- stem cell research, we have all had ad- 70 percent. The approach described in onic stem cell research, S. 30 does not. ditional time to reflect on the sensitive the article holds exciting potential for S. 5 is the bill that will clearly make a issues underlying this debate. As a pro- treating dreadful diseases such as ALS significant difference in the future of life Republican, I initially had some and Alzheimer’s disease. medical research. uneasiness with endorsing this type of As you can see, there is a lot of I urge all of my colleagues to vote in research that so heavily relies on promising work being done in the field favor of S. 5. human embryos. of embryonic stem cell research. Unfor- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, how Drawing from my deeply held reli- tunately, due to the limitations and re- much time do I have remaining? gious beliefs, scientific evidence, and strictions placed on the few cell lines The PRESIDING OFFICER. Eighteen countless stories of individuals living with terrible illnesses, I fashioned my eligible for Federal research assist- and a half minutes. position on the basis that I truly be- ance, much of most promising work is Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I yield lieve it supports the sanctity of human being done outside the normal channel 13 minutes to the distinguished Sen- ator from Oregon, Mr. SMITH. life. of the NIH research network. The real tension surrounding this Yet with all this progress, is science Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I am very issue, I believe, pits the potential med- progressing as fast as it should? I re- grateful the Senate is considering the ical benefits stem cells hold against cently asked this question of an emi- issue of stem cell research today. This the ethical uncertainties or the reli- nent neuroscientist who directs the Na- debate marks the culmination of years of work by many of my colleagues and gious convictions some of my col- tional Institute of Neurological Dis- leagues might have with what this certainly by myself and a host of dedi- eases and Stroke, Dr. Story Landis. kind of research entails. Based upon At the Health, Education, Labor and cated advocates. my personal struggle with this issue, I Pension Committee’s hearing entitled I thank Senators HARKIN and SPEC- now believe any reservations with em- ‘‘Can Congress Help Fulfill the Promise TER for their leadership on this issue, bryonic stem cell research are mis- of Stem Cell Research,’’ committee as well as Senators HATCH, FEINSTEIN, placed, especially when one truly con- and KENNEDY. Working together for al- members heard from scientists, from a siders the question of when life begins. young patient who suffered from diabe- most a decade, the six of us have over For me, it begins with the mother, tes, and from Dr. Landis. I asked Dr. the years laid the groundwork for the with the implantation of the embryo. Landis if NIH funds were made avail- Senate to overwhelmingly approve I believe the Scriptures provide able for research on all ethically ob- Federal funding for embryonic stem ample support showing that flesh and tained embryos from in vitro fertiliza- cell research. spirit become one within a mother. tion, would the probability of finding We did this last July but, as we all This is one of womankind’s supernal cures for human diseases increase? know, unfortunately, that bill was ulti- gifts. I find verses in the Old and the Her response was as follows: mately vetoed by the President. That New Testament, in Genesis, Jeremiah, Absolutely it would increase. There is no is behind us now, and with a new Con- the Psalms, Job, as well as in the Gos- question about it. We would have a real op- gress comes a new opportunity to re- pels. portunity. I can give you one specific exam- visit this important issue, the issue of All of these things lead me to feel ple. Huntington’s disease is an inherited dis- embryonic stem cell research. comfortable with an ethical conclusion ease. It caused a particular kind of nerve cell I hope the experiences of the past in the brain to die . . . If we had embryonic that life begins when flesh and spirit stem cells derived from discarded embryos have helped my colleagues to gain a are united in a mother’s womb and not that were not implanted, we would be able to fresh perspective on this issue. I know before. make extraordinary inroads into thera- they certainly have for me. Some may Embryos created as part of the in peutics for that disease. view the vote we will take later today vitro fertilization process were in- Much is weighing in the balance on on S. 5 and S. 30 as a one-or-the-other tended to provide infertile couples the today’s vote. option. In my opinion, that is simply gift of life, the chance to become par- I ask my colleagues to consider care- shortsighted. ents. Those that go unused in infer- fully the positions they take today. I intend to vote for both measures. tility treatments should still have the In the interests of all those who suf- At the end of the day, they both ac- opportunity to give the gift of life ei- fer from debilitating diseases and hope complish the goal of advancing stem ther by later implantation or to those for deliverance, I urge my colleagues to cell science in the hopes of finding living with debilitating diseases vote for S. 5. cures for debilitating illnesses such as through stem cell research. Let me close by making a point I Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and diabetes, Without being implanted in a moth- made to President Bush back in 2001. to name but a few. er’s womb, an IVF embryo is a group of

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 cells growing in a petri dish. If those vote in favor of S. 5, then I believe I ures. They are complementary. They cells are stored in a lab for 1,000 years, have done my job, and done it cor- are headed in the same direction. They they have no possibility of developing rectly; for I have chosen to err on the are not putting science and faith at into anything more than a group of side of hope, healing, and health. odds with one another. cells. They remain the dust of the I encourage all of my colleagues, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Earth, one of the building blocks lead- even those who have some ethical res- CASEY). Who yields time? ing to life. ervations or contrary religious feelings Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I yield It is the act of implantation within a on this issue, to do the same. I have 15 minutes to the distinguished Sen- mother that gives them life. It is the heard some refer to embryonic stem ator from Florida, Mr. MARTINEZ. act of implantation that is the essen- cell research as a conflict between The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tial missing ingredient in this debate. science and religion. I do not believe ator from Florida is recognized. Mr. MARTINEZ. Mr. President, this So instead of destroying or discarding that is the case. One of the greatest is indeed a difficult issue and debate. I unused embryos, we have the oppor- qualities and aspects of life in the respect so much my colleague from Or- tunity to use them to derive much United States is our religious plu- egon. I know he speaks with passion needed stem cell lines for the advance- ralism. It is something we see an ab- ment of stem cell science. and heart as he deals with these con- sence of, tragically, in too many places tentious but important issues. I must It is not more moral to simply throw around the world. them away. While many of my pro-life express some disagreement with him, We do not serve the public well by while I agree with most of what he colleagues may not agree with my posi- taking the narrowest theological position, I know they do support the intent said. tion and trying to impose it on public The issue of stem cells is a vital and of embryonic stem cell research; that policy. The American tradition is open of finding cures for a number of chronic emotional one, and we need to deal enough to include other considerations with it carefully as we move forward in diseases and debilitating health condi- of ethical ideas, Scriptural interpreta- tions. That is why I still struggle with the Senate. tions, and scientific hope. The embryonic stem cell debate describing S. 30 as an alternative to S. I am not a scientist, and I am not a stimulates some of us to defend the in- 5. It is not an alternative or a sub- theologian. But as I use my agency to herent human desire to make discov- stitute, it is a perfect complement. interpret what I know in the Scrip- eries and to build on them; likewise, To fully realize the benefits that all tures, and the complexities of medi- this debate galvanizes others of us who types of stem cell research offer, I urge cine, I have come to the conclusion defend human life and believe it should my colleagues to vote affirmatively for that we are all made of dust. Dust thou be valued in all its forms. The engi- both measures we are considering art and unto dust thou shall return, as neered creation or destruction of a today. the Lord said to Job. human embryo for the sake of sci- The promise of embryonic stem cell In that regard, pluripotent stem cells entific advancement cannot be the an- research is very real. Those suffering are one of the building blocks of life, swer to any of our ever-growing chal- from Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, diabe- the dust of the Earth. I believe we miss lenges. tes, cardiovascular disease, and many the understanding of the importance of In this great country of ours, and cancers believe in that promise, and so the spirit, the breath of life, the spirit around the world, there are many suf- do I. fering from debilitating conditions and But we have yet to unleash the po- within mankind, as the essential ingre- ravaging diseases such as multiple tential behind this science because of dient which causes life to begin. sclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s. the restrictions we have placed upon I do not find that religion and science These people are in need of medical stem cell research. While I appreciate are in conflict in the Senate today. I believe they are in harmony. I believe treatment. Thanks to the brilliant the President allowing the research to minds and innovative ways of doctors move forward on a limited number of we should have a broad enough view to include the many views that comprise and scientists across the globe, many stem cell lines, we all know that over medical treatments are now available. time those lines have been degraded, American pluralism. To that point, Mr. President, I turn We can credit advances in stem cell re- and scientists are in desperate need of search with this expanding treatment. new, uncontaminated lines. to the Scriptures even to find wisdom that I do not have of myself. In the ear- Stem cell research holds tremendous We cannot expect scientists to make opportunities for our society to help progress in developing today’s treat- liest pages of the Old Testament, I find this statement: treat and cure people’s diseases and ill- ments if we limit them to yesterday’s nesses; and some would like to extend science. And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into him, his nos- the success found through federally I believe the Federal Government has funded adult stem cell research to em- a vital, moral role to play in the devel- tril the breath of life, and man became a living soul. bryonic research. They have proposed opment of stem cell science to ensure that we harvest these human em- that appropriate ethical guidelines are Mr. President, there are two conjunc- tions. The dust of the ground ‘‘and’’ the bryos—which were created with the followed. It is uncertain where we will knowledge that many of them would be breath of life ‘‘and’’ then man becomes end up if embryonic stem cell research destroyed—to be used for research. becomes an entirely private sector ven- a living soul. Until you have both, you While I, and others, understand the ture. do not have life. great need, we also know that there With lack of sufficient funding and I cannot end my comments today has to be a better way. In fact, I know ethical boundaries, who knows where without mentioning also my own fam- there is. That is what I want to discuss we will wind up? The Federal Govern- ily’s history. It has played a role in today. ment can guide research in the right shaping my views on embryonic stem The legislation currently being con- direction. I fear if we fail to show up to cell research. My mother’s name was sidered will direct Federal taxpayer work on this issue, we will run into Jessica Udall. I watched my grand- dollars specifically for the destruction very serious problems in the long run. mother Lela Lee Udall die of Parkin- of human embryos to develop cells that Over the last 7 years it has become son’s. I watched my uncle Addison might lead to treatments for various increasingly clear to me that being Udall die of Parkinson’s. I watched my health problems. This raises moral ob- pro-life requires protecting both the cousin, former Democratic Presidential jections with me because of my deeply sanctity of human life and the quality candidate and Arizona Congressman, held religious beliefs. of human life. By allowing research on Morris K. Udall, die of Parkinson’s. To We are currently funding research on stem cell lines derived from unused watch people die of such a malady is to nonembryonic stem cells derived from IVF embryos, we could forge a path instill in one’s heart a desire to err on adult stem cells, amniotic cord blood that would one day lead to cures for the side of health, hope, and healing. or placenta sources. These have proven some of mankind’s most dreadful med- We will all die, but no one should have their ability to target many, if not ical maladies. to die as they died. eventually all, of the conditions ex- If only one life-improving application I yield the floor and urge my col- pected to be addressed through embry- of stem cell science comes from my leagues to vote for both of these meas- onic stem cell research.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4333 The University of Florida has one of Stephen’s oncologist was able to enroll ance our interests in helping those in the top five adult stem cell research him in one of the first clinical trials need without destroying human life, centers in the world and their findings using umbilical cord blood. there is a good piece of legislation are already making a difference. A wonderful mother agreed to donate being considered that I want my col- At the University of Florida, re- her placenta; from that, the lifesaving leagues to consider. searchers are making great headway cord blood was collected. Ten years Under the HOPE Act, no living em- with stem cell research. They have in after receiving the stem cell trans- bryo would be damaged or harmed for the works treatments for heart disease, plant, Stephen remains completely the sake of research. What the HOPE a cure for diabetes, and preventions for cancer-free. Not only this, but before Act would do is allow scientists for the diabetic eye diseases. Additionally, re- his cord blood transplant, Stephen was first time to apply for Federal funds to searchers at the University of Florida an insulin-dependent diabetic. Fol- perform research on embryos that have are making significant strides on the lowing the transplant, Stephen has not died naturally during the in vitro proc- path toward reversing adult blindness, needed to use insulin; through taking ess. For those hoping to find a cure treating neurological conditions, and only oral diabetic medications, his through embryonic stem cell research, rebuilding human brain cells. Re- sugar levels have remained normal. this would be a modest and principled searchers in Gainesville are also lead- So, not only was Stephen’s life saved step toward achieving that goal. ing the world in identifying cancer by the transplant, his quality of life It would also be the right step to stem cells a primary step toward iden- was improved. It is no wonder that Ste- take, because it is the only option that tifying therapies to cure various forms phen has now dedicated his life to tell- opens up new frontiers without dam- of cancer. ing his cord blood story of hope to pa- aging human life; a move in this direc- It is worth noting that all of these tients and mothers who can also give tion would not detract from the real advances have a vital common thread; the gift of life through the donation of results we have seen through federally- each of the aforementioned break- their cord blood. sponsored adult stem cell research. I throughs came about thanks to non- Umbilical cord blood stems cells have encourage my colleagues to strongly embryonic stem cells. now been used in thousands of patients consider voting in favor of the HOPE At the end of 2005, President Bush requiring a potentially lifesaving stem Act. signed a bill that aims to further de- cell transplant and with good results. We must be dedicated only to re- velop our Nation’s cord blood inven- The collection of these cells from the search which preserves and protects tory to allow for increased availability delivery of a healthy newborn baby can lives. Adult stem cells hold great of existing and future stem cell treat- result in a stem cell transplant des- promise, have had more proven success ments; and I was very proud to have perately needed to save someone else’s in lab trials and actual applications, supported this legislation. life. Essentially, new life is helping to and they do not require the destruction As my colleagues know, this legisla- stimulate more life. of human life. This is where our Fed- tion made its way through Congress This allows us to help countless peo- eral funding should remain focused. with tremendous success. The House of ple in need without the moral dilemma At this time, efforts to federally fund Representatives passed it with only presented by the embryonic alternative a different area would siphon money one dissenting vote, and in the Senate which, from my perspective, is no true from proven research. it passed it unanimously. alternative. If it is possible to simultaneously de- The Stem Cell Therapeutic and Re- Cord blood is currently being used to fend human life and help others in search Act of 2005 created a new Fed- treat nearly 80 diseases. need, why on earth would we not do it? eral program to collect and store cord Adult stem cells have made, and will Why wouldn’t that be the better op- blood. In addition, the law expands the continue to make, a recognizable con- tion? We know it is possible to do both existing bone marrow registry to in- tribution to helping those with leu- at the same time. It seems to me to be clude cord blood. kemia, sickle cell disease, and other the reasonable thing to do. That is why New programs utilizing cord blood, potentially fatal illnesses and condi- I urge my colleagues today to support such as the recently created tions. the HOPE Act, to support a way of con- CORD:USE Center at the Winnie Palm- Proponents of embryonic stem cell tinuing to advance the frontiers of re- er Hospital in my own home State of research say they want to make avail- search while at the same time avoiding Florida, are building on this valuable able for research only those embryos the troublesome and meddlesome and expanding foundation. These pro- that are, in their words, ‘‘unwanted.’’ moral dilemmas that funding for em- grams are advancing science without One of my colleagues recently asserted, bryonic stem cells would present. compromising morality. ‘‘If these embryos were going to create There is an option. There is an alter- Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women life, we wouldn’t be supporting re- native. There is an opportunity to ad- and Babies in Orlando is now able to search on them. vance stem cell research of the embry- contribute a diverse and increased sup- Yet, there is proof that these em- onic type, knowing we have already ply of cord blood. This is reassuring bryos are living things and that they had great success with adult stem news for the thousands of people who are wanted. Yes, these embryos can, cells, with cord blood, and all of the would otherwise die unnecessarily each and are, growing into fully formed ba- other usages, but at the same time not and every year were it not for the bies. Known as ‘‘snowflake babies,’’ tampering with the moral dilemma we large, genetically-diversified stem cell these babies are born from adopted em- would have to cross if we are destroy- bank that is now available. The uses of bryos—excess embryos from successful ing embryonic life in order to have cord blood are fascinating and they in vitro fertilization parents that are stem cell research in that direction. speak of breakthroughs. donated and adopted by a couple where I yield the floor. Stephen Sprague, one of the first fertilization techniques were forgone The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- adults to receive a stem cell transplant or unsuccessful. ator from Kansas. from umbilical cord blood, recently To date, 133 snowflake babies have Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I visited Winnie Palmer Hospital and its been born, with nearly another two thank my colleague from Florida and cord blood bank to express his grati- dozen on the way. my colleague from Oregon as well. I tude for what they are doing. Stephen Had these—in the words of the crit- want to address a couple of issues in re- was diagnosed with chronic ics, ‘‘unwanted’’ embryos—been tossed sponse to some of the statements that myelogenous leukemia in 1995, and aside, human life would have literally have been made and also get us back to when chemotherapy and other treat- been discarded. what we are discussing. ments did not work, and a match for a Many Americans agree that we need On S. 5, the central issue is, will we bone marrow transplant could not be to move forward on this issue with pru- sanction the destruction of nascent found, he was informed that essentially dence, and in a way that respects and human life with Federal taxpayer dol- nothing more could be done. Luckily, values human life. As we stand to bal- lars? There is currently no prohibition

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 against embryonic stem cell research this period of time and a lot of efforts have amniotic fluid yet developing, in this country. Any private group in from the scientific community. We which I think we should start banking Illinois or Kansas or Pennsylvania that have known about embryonic stem the amniotic fluid from the placenta wants to develop an embryonic stem cells for 25 years. because of the rich stores of stem cells, cell line can do so. There is no prohibi- Indeed, the magazine Nature in 2006 but we haven’t quite started that yet tion. The question is, will we use Fed- marked the 25th anniversary of the two today. So we have put in money in eral taxpayer dollars to destroy human papers reporting the first isolation of adult and we have put money in embry- life to develop additional stem cell mouse embryonic stem cells—a 25-year onic. We have a lot of results in adult. lines? That is what S. 5 is about. celebration. So we have known about I held this up for my colleagues yes- The second point is, if we want to embryonic stem cells for 25 years and terday, but I hope they get a chance to talk about cures, which I believe that in humans for the last 10 years. We look at it again. This is the front page is what the debate should be centered have been able to research on them in of the research findings in the adult on, is it appropriate to divert taxpayer lab animals for the last 25 years. That fields we have. It is about a 4-inch dollars from adult stem cell research, is an exciting development which took binder. That was accumulated as of from cord blood research, from pla- place a quarter of a century ago. We April 2006—last year. We did an adden- cental research, from amniotic fluid re- have invested heavily—$613 million dum from June 2006 to March 2007. search into these areas of highly specu- since 2002. We have put a lot of money These are the findings. These are the lative embryonic stem cell research into this. We put a lot of scientific ef- successful results in the adult cord that has not produced results to date fort into this. blood field that we have. I don’t have and is unlikely to produce results in What do we have? That should be a my empty binder to show what we have the near future, if at all. If it does reasonable question all my colleagues on embryonic stem cell. It is a legiti- produce results, it is going to lead us would ask. All my colleagues would mate question, just a legitimate ques- toward human cloning, because we are say: Well, OK. We have talked about tion about what we should be investing not going to have a genetic match on this, we have put money in it, we have in that is yielding results in the adult the embryonic stem cell line. You are discovered it, and we have put a lot of versus embryonic field that is taking going to need a genetic match so you our best scientific minds into this place. will have to develop human cloning to field. What do we have? The results for There is the tumor problem. My col- get a genetic match to produce the adult versus embryonic: We have in- league from Utah was saying we can cure you want. vested more in adult than we have in get over this tumor problem which is Cloning is not on the table today, but embryonic, but it is not an incon- taking place. Unfortunately, I have a that is what this moves us toward, be- sequential amount that we have put stack—and I put it into the RECORD cause that is what is going to have to into embryonic—$613 million. This yesterday—of 10 research papers, and happen, if this will ever work. But it chart shows the current human appli- that was really just a sampling of the doesn’t need to go that route. I want to cations in the two fields of adult versus papers where the embryonic stem cells get us back on those central questions. the embryonic. For allergy and infec- are producing tumors. This is real. It is Let’s talk about the facts on these tious disease, embryonic stem cell re- significant. It is not going away, these questions. We have invested heavily as search and human applications: zero. tumor-formation problems with embry- a country in embryonic stem cell re- We have 15 in the adult field. Cancer onic stem cells. search. We have invested in adult stem Institute: zero in ESCR, 26 in adult. This is in a publication called ‘‘Stem cell research. We have invested nearly Child Health Institute: zero here for Cells’’: ‘‘The presentation of the insu- $613 million on embryonic stem cell re- embryonic, 8 in adult. Diabetes and Di- lin gene could be demonstrated only search. In total, since 2002, $613 million gestive: zero for embryonic, three in when the cells differentiated in vivo invested in embryonic stem cell re- the adult field. Eye Institute: one into teratomas’’—into tumors. These search. So to say that we are not fund- adult, zero embryonic. Zero embryonic, are tumors which are taking place. ing, we are not doing work in this area, zero embryonic, zero embryonic in each This is just one of a stack of research is false. We have invested a consider- of those fields. You can see what we papers saying this is a problem. It is a able amount of work and effort in this have been able to do in the adult field difficulty we have. field. by the investment we have there. Let’s talk about patients again be- Now, individuals are saying: OK, yes, So from just a sheer practicality cause, to me, that is what we really you have put money into this field, but standpoint—we have known about this have to get to—the bottom line. We the lines on which you allow research for 25 years, and we have put $613 mil- have to bring this back to the patients. are contaminated. I wish to draw at- lion into it. We have zero human clin- We now have this exciting develop- tention to this article from Nature ical applications today taking place. ment which is taking place with type 1 magazine—excuse me. I want to get We have over—and here I want to show juvenile diabetes. Unfortunately, it is this one up. This article: ‘‘Bush Stem an adjusted chart. I am sorry this is taking place in Brazil instead of the Cell Line Contamination is Exagger- one we have had to paper over, but just United States. I wish we were having ated.’’ This is from a CEO of a stem yesterday we had juvenile diabetes on the researchers doing this in the cell company: our board for adult stem cell applica- United States. I guess they—whether So the stuff you hear published— tion—one of the big ones. This affects a they are being attracted overseas to do I am reading the quotation— lot of people. It is one that a number of adult stem cell work and not in the —that all of these lines are irrevocably con- people in this body are strongly inter- United States—but this was North- taminated with mouse materials that could ested in, deeply interested in. western University which was doing never be used in people—hogwash. If you I just read to my colleagues this this in Brazil. know how to grow them, they’re fine. morning from the Chicago Tribune I want to look at Parkinson’s. One of That is in an article where one of the about this adult stem cell work treat- my colleagues raised the issue of Par- key individuals, the CEO of a stem cell ing juvenile diabetes where an indi- kinson’s, which is a very difficult, ter- company, is saying that. So we have vidual with their own—this is type 1 di- rible disease that confronts and $613 million that is in human and abetes—treating an individual with confounds us as a society and as indi- nonhuman embryonic stem cell re- their own stem cells at Northwestern viduals. I wish to point out to my col- search. The idea that the lines are con- University. Here is a quote from a re- leagues an individual who came to tes- taminated is hogwash. They are not searcher who was reviewing it from tify in 2004 who was a Parkinson’s pa- contaminated. They are useful. They Harvard Medical School: tient and testified about his treatment are being used. The research is taking Their results look better than anything I with his own stem cells that was tak- place. So we have this. We have $613 have seen so far. ing place, a Parkinson’s patient, Dr. million going into this area since 2002. Type 1 diabetes. We added it, gladly, Dennis Turner, and he was Parkinson’s One would reasonably expect we ought to the board today. Seventy-three dif- free for a period of 5 years. We tried to to have some results after over half a ferent human applications we have in get him in to testify a number of dif- million dollars going into the field in adult stem cells. Cord blood. We don’t ferent times. We had trouble. He was

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4335 out doing African safaris after his stem My colleague from Oregon did a very under ordinary circumstances, a new geneti- cell treatment as he was doing so well good discussion of the ethical issues cally distinct human organism is thereby from it. here, yet I could even detect in his formed. My point is that we have tried this. thoughts that this is a troubling ques- The Presiding Officer wouldn’t be We have tried it aggressively. We have tion. It is a tough one. So if we are not here if he was destroyed as an embryo. tried it ethically to say: OK, let’s try sure if it is alive or dead, would you If we have somebody in the future who embryonic stem cell work on lines bury them? No, you wouldn’t. And if we in this body—I want to show Hannah— where a life-and-death decision has al- have a moral question about this and who was in this body who was created— ready been made. That was the Presi- we have a route where we can use this or, excuse me, was started in an IVF dent’s determination in 2001. He was $613 million to get treatments for peo- clinic, was a frozen embryo at some saying: We don’t know at this point in ple like Dennis Turner, whom I put up point in time, she is destroyed as a fro- time where this science will lead us. here, and where we have had some suc- zen embryo, she isn’t going to be here Let’s try it on these ethical lines be- cesses, if we can get treatments for dia- as a U.S. Senator. This life is a con- cause somebody has already made the betes that are being developed by tinuum. We all know this. This is not life-and-death decision. Let’s put Northwestern University—but for some something which is new to anybody. money into it. Let’s start in the reason, we are not having enough in- Here is man who is a snowflake baby, a nonhuman area first because we want terest here to do them here, we are frozen embryo, who was adopted. We to develop this in the animal models, having to do them in Brazil. I want have another route to go on these fro- which is clearly the right way to go. people to get treatments. I want Par- zen embryos. We could really push an Let’s invest heavily in it, which I noted kinson’s treatment to take place. We adoption technique. If she is destroyed in the earlier chart where I pointed have a route to do this. We are not un- at this early phase, she obviously isn’t this out, the amount of animal trials, limited on money resources in the here at a later phase. We know that. the money that has been put into ani- health care field. I think we should in- We know what the embryology text- mal trials on embryonic stem cell vest more in the health care field. We book says, and we know each of us work—in 2006 alone, $110 million; $481 have a route to go here. We have a started out as an embryo, so why would million for 2002 through 2006—trying to route that can use the resources. If we we do this? I understand people are find out: Is there a place? Is there a are at 1,422 clinical trials now, my saying: Well, because we want cures. way? Can we make this work? We con- guess is there would be a lot more we And I do, too. We have an ethical route tinue to have this tumor problem could try. to go on the cures. We have a route which keeps coming up in almost all of I put up pictures of people here yes- which is producing enormous success- the studies. Yet we are saying: Let’s terday who are having to go to Por- ful results and one which is producing try it on human embryonic and these tugal for spinal cord injury treatment. no results. lines that have already been developed, I want to put a picture back up here Now, maybe it will, in a decade or and we still are not getting the results. again. She wonders why we couldn’t do two, over large U.S. expenditure, over a So why would we continue to fund in this here. great ethical divide that we all are this area? I might also note to my colleagues troubled about, and then we will ex- Now we want to expand the funding that it is critical that this is done pand into human cloning to be able to in this area and we want to expand the quickly. They are finding in these get a genetic match, because it will lines and we want to—not only go early research results that the sooner have to. Otherwise, if you do this with there, we want to cross the big moral you can get the treatment for a spinal embryonic stem cells and implant divide that many of us have different cord injury, the more likelihood of suc- them and the genetic type doesn’t opinions on but all of us have to say is cess. So how many people here can af- match up with that of the body, you a profound question: the use of tax- ford to fly to Portugal for the treat- are going to have to have payer dollars to fund the destruction of ment, and how much better would it be young human life. We are all troubled if this were done in Chicago or in Kan- immunosuppressants being used all about that. One way or the other, we sas City where people could go in this your life. Is it likely we are going to are all troubled about that. That is the country? This lady from central Illi- continue that route? No. We are obvi- question on this particular bill and nois was having to go to Portugal. ously going to have to do human why it is so divisive. We all want cures. We are finding this in the diabetes cloning, develop young human clones I think people are troubled about the area. They are saying the sooner the that genetically match the individual lack of scientific results in one area treatment is taking place—and this is being treated. You are going to have to and the fact that we are now at, in common sense to most of us as well— harvest thousands, if not millions, or clinicaltrials.gov., 1,422 human clinical we know that the sooner you catch hundreds of thousands of women’s eggs trials now going on, being recruited for something, the more likelihood you to get the human eggs to develop the or no longer recruiting for using adult have success if you get quick treat- clones. stem cell work right now. So this is ment. Should we be forcing people, Do we want to go there with women? going on. It is going on well. We are then, to go to Brazil and Portugal and You are probably going to have to not seeing any of it in the embryonic. Thailand to get these adult stem cell incentivize and pay women in poorer Now we want to take another step. treatments, many of which were devel- countries to get the human eggs to de- We want to use taxpayer dollars. We oped in the United States, being done velop the clones that genetically want to destroy young human life. We by U.S. researchers, and now are being match so you can implant them. This want to create more embryonic stem conducted abroad? Why? I understand leads down several paths we don’t want cell lines. Never mind that it hasn’t we are all after this goal of treatments, to go. So why would we start down worked to date. Never mind that we and I would hope—and I give that to there if we don’t want to go there and are getting a lot of results in this other my opponents, that is what they are we have an ethical route in which to field. Never mind that a good portion after as well—they see this hope and go? of our electorate finds this ethically promise. I plead with my colleagues that we very troubling. We are going to do it. I can’t cross the ethical boundary don’t need to do this. We don’t need to We are going to go with it. We think they have been able to cross. I find jump over this ethical divide, and we we ought to do it. that each of these lives—and here, I am don’t need to ignore this definition. We I don’t think this is a wise move. I not quoting from a religious source; I don’t need to create a legal fiction don’t think it is wise practically. I am quoting from a biology textbook, that, yes, it is alive but it is not a life, don’t think it is wise ethically in spite an embryology textbook, 1996 human which we are doing now with this dis- of the thoughts others might have. embryology textbook that says this cussion. We don’t need to go back to Ronald Reagan said: If you didn’t know about when life begins, not talking the old debate of treating human life as if somebody was alive or dead, you about the theology but the biology. It property and that you can patent it wouldn’t bury them. If you weren’t says: and own it and manipulate it, and treat sure, you wouldn’t bury them, just as a Although life is a continuous process, fer- it for your own purposes. We have been commonsense thought. tilization is a critical landmark, because there before. We have always regretted

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 it. Why would we do that now? We own conscience. That is an important his moral belief, his ethical position on don’t need to go there. I say to my col- thing in this business, that we bring this issue. Well, everybody brings their leagues, let’s not go there. Let’s go this our conscience to the Senate Chamber. moral and ethical positions to these route we can all agree on. Let’s do I know, as most people do, that as we issues, but you have to ask the larger amniotic fluid banking. Let’s do bank- meet and debate this issue on the floor question: Is it right for the President ing of those stem cells and create more of the Senate, the lives of Americans to impose on all of the families in treatments. Let’s invest more heavily continue. All across America, in sterile America who are afflicted with dis- in the adult stem cell field so we can laboratories, there are doctors and sci- eases his moral and ethical views? create and find those cures. Let’s have entists at work today trying to help I think what Senator HARKIN has treatments done in the United States loving couples create human life. These done is more reasonable. He has said and not force people to travel overseas are men and women, husbands and we will have strong ethical guidelines to get these treatments. We don’t need wives, who want a child and, because of for this kind of research. No one is to go there. some physical problem, they cannot going to make a dollar off this. You We don’t need to get women into a conceive. So they spend enormous cannot direct this research toward any position to pay them to harvest their sums of money—thousands of dollars— person. This is strictly scientific, eggs. We don’t need to go down the on the chance that in a little glass dish closely guarded, with strong ethical route of human cloning, creating life in a laboratory life can be created that guidelines. Senator ISAKSON has come for our own purposes. We have done will end up being the child they will up with an approach, too, to use a dif- that before and have deeply regretted love for the rest of their lives. It is a ferent form of these cells. I also ap- it. beautiful story of love that is repeated plaud his approach. Let us try every- This is a turning point for us. I have every day in America in these labora- thing we can ethically find that moves no doubt how the vote will come out tories. I have a friend who recently had us forward toward finding cures. That today. It will be in favor of S. 5. I think a baby girl—2 weeks ago. Eight days is what this should be about. If you be- that is regrettable. I believe the Presi- after she was born, I was giving her a lieve the embryos not used in in vitro dent when he says he is going to veto bottle. I thought I had lost all those fertilization are human life, as de- it. I hope he does. I will be strongly in talents, but they came back to me. My scribed here, I think you have a moral support of him doing that. Instead of wife was admiring her and telling the obligation to outlaw in vitro fertiliza- having a culture that looks at using mom how proud we were. She talked tion because, frankly, at the end of the life, let’s have a culture that values about going through this process and day these ‘‘nascent’’ human lives will life, that sees every life as dignified, how when they went into this labora- be destroyed. We know that. But you beautiful, sacred, a child of a loving tory and looked at all of the possible have not heard that suggestion. Those God, not to be used for other purposes embryos that could lead to the birth of opposing stem cell research are not op- but has dignity because of who it is, be- the child, they picked the healthiest posing in vitro fertilization; they say cause of the beauty of who it is. What and strongest ones, naturally. go forward with that, knowing the is wrong with that? Let’s find cures, But other embryos were not chosen. choice would be made to discard the and we can do it. What happens to those? At the end of stem cells rather than use them for Mr. President, I yield the floor. the day, what happens to those that medical research. I don’t follow that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who are not chosen to end up becoming a logic. I think it is morally consistent yields time? baby? They are thrown away, dis- for them to oppose embryonic stem cell The Senator from Georgia is recog- carded. Now, Senator BROWNBACK has research and prohibit in vitro fertiliza- nized. referred to these as ‘‘nascent’’ human tion. But they have not gone that far. Mr. ISAKSON. Will the Chair advise life, young human beings. I see this a We have tough choices ahead of us in us of how much time remains. little differently. I cannot understand this bill. I think they are obvious The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- how we can condone legally a process choices. We understand what Senators ator from Georgia controls 14 minutes. that will end up at the end of the day HARKIN and SPECTER have done. They The Senator from Iowa controls 61⁄2 with these embryonic stem cells being open the door for funding Federal re- minutes. thrown away and discarded, when we search in this area. I am glad the Gov- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, the know if those same stem cells that are ernor of Illinois found money to ini- Senator from Illinois will speak next about to be thrown away are given, tiate this research in Illinois. Cali- and he told me he needed extra time. In under appropriate guidelines, with fornia and many other States are also the spirit of cooperation, I will be glad strong ethical standards, to labora- doing this. Why are we doing it State to yield 5 of our minutes to the Sen- tories, they could lead to cures for seri- by State, not as a national Govern- ator from Illinois so he will have 11 ous illnesses. Is it better morally to ment, as we do all medical research? minutes, and then I will conclude. Is throw them away or is it better mor- The President doesn’t view this the that fair? ally to use them in a positive way to same as other people. He used his veto Mr. HARKIN. Yes. We will yield 5 enrich and save human life? That is pen once as President and that was to minutes to the Senator. what this debate comes down to, as far veto stem cell research. I think that is Mr. ISAKSON. You have 6 minutes as I am concerned. inappropriate. left. I am giving him 5 and I will take I have many friends and there isn’t a As I get into this debate, I think a closing. Is that fair? family in America that hasn’t been about a lot of people I have met who Mr. HARKIN. That sounds good to touched by Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, are victims of multiple sclerosis, Par- me. spinal cord injuries, ALS, or diabetes. kinson’s, ALS, cancer, and spinal cord Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I thank We all know the stories. That is part of injuries. I think about visiting the my colleague from Georgia for his gra- American family life today. When you Heinz VA Hospital yesterday and see- cious gesture. I also thank my col- are a parent of a child who suffers from ing a quadriplegic who has been bed- league from Iowa, Senator HARKIN, one of these illnesses or diseases, the ridden since the Korean war. Imagine along with Senator SPECTER, for intro- first thing you want to know is: Doc- that, if you will. I think about those ducing this bill on stem cell research. tor, what can be done? Is there a cure? who have suffered spinal cord injuries Some important things have been Is there a place I can take my daughter who want the chance, the possibility, said on the Senate floor today. Senator to where they are going do surgery or that this research will allow them to SMITH of Oregon made an exceptionally a procedure—something—to save her lead a more complete and full life. I moving statement on this issue. I from this disease? That is the first also think of my colleague from the thank him for sharing his views. This question a parent asks. House of Representatives, Lane Evans. is a tough issue. It is not easy. I totally Because President Bush decided over He came to Congress in 1982 as a won- respect those who see it differently 4 years ago to close down Federal fund- derful, great young man, a Marine than I do, including the Senator from ing in this area of research, it limits Corps veteran of the Vietnam era. He Kansas. They are trying to apply to the opportunity to find those cures. had to give up his congressional career this important political debate their The President has said he is asserting last year because of Parkinson’s. It got

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4337 to the point where he could not con- reach out for those discoveries and do against both sides for the remainder of tinue his official duties. He used to so. S. 30, which I am here to advocate the debate. come to the floor and beg for this bill for, affords that opportunity because it The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- to pass so others suffering from Par- allows the NIH to invest future funds pore. Without objection, it is so or- kinson’s would have a chance. in embryonic stem cell research on em- dered. The clerk will call the roll. I dedicate my vote in support of this bryos derived from Level III Gardner The assistant legislative clerk pro- bill in support of Lane Evans, the vet- principle remainders and in vitro fer- ceeded to call the roll. erans, and so many others who are tilization, arrested embryos, as they Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask counting on us to move this research are referred to in some cases, dead em- unanimous consent the order for the forward. Dr. Elias Zerhouni, the Direc- bryos as referred to in other cases, but quorum call be rescinded. tor of the NIH, stated our Nation would in all cases embryos that are no longer The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- be better served if federally funded sci- going to become a life but do generate pore. Without objection, it is so or- entists had access to embryonic stem and contain pluripotent embryonic dered. cells for research. He separated himself stem cells. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask from the Bush administration’s official In the end, I feel that approach satis- unanimous consent that Senator STE- position. He said: fies the questions raised at the White VENS be added as a cosponsor of S. 5. It is not possible for me to know how we House and affords us an opportunity of The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- can continue the momentum of science and a bill that will be signed by the Presi- pore. Without objection, it is so or- research with the stem cell lines we have at dent and does what everybody on this dered. NIH that can’t be funded. From my stand- Mr. HARKIN. I suggest the absence of point as director of the NIH, it is in the best floor supports, with rare exception, I interest of our scientists, our science, and believe, or maybe no exception once a quorum. our country that we find ways and the na- done, and that is the expansion and the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- tion finds a way to go full speed across adult extension of the research. pore. The clerk will call the roll. and embryonic stem cells equally. I end where I began with my remarks The assistant legislative clerk pro- I am not going to argue against re- a minute ago. I compliment Senator ceeded to call the roll. search using cord blood, adult stem HARKIN and others who have spoken Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I cells, the type of stem cells described and the advocacy that has been here ask unanimous consent the order for by Senator ISAKSON in his bill. But I today and the level and quality of this the quorum call be rescinded. think we have a moral obligation to debate on this subject. I look forward The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- the men and women who are counting to this afternoon and the remaining 3 pore. Without objection, it is so or- on us to open this research to find hours as we lead up to the votes. dered. cures. This is our chance, with passage I guess I would say the same thing Mr. BROWNBACK. I believe under of this bill. the Senator from Iowa would say. If the previous agreement I have 30 min- I will vote in favor of both S. 5, the any Members want to speak this after- utes at this time, may I inquire of the Harkin bill, and S. 30, the Isakson bill, noon, it is time to let us know now Chair? to support all ways of deriving stem rather than later because we will have The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- cells in a positive way to save lives. If 3 hours equally divided between four pore. Approximately 30 minutes—44 you are in favor of human life and different groups. minutes, the Senator has. making it better, this is your chance. With that said, I yield back the re- Mr. BROWNBACK. I want to intro- What matters most in this debate is mainder of my time. duce to the body, into the discussion, a that we aim to make good on the prom- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I sug- gentleman I had a chance to meet who ises we vowed to keep. Let’s support gest the absence of a quorum. came in front of a Senate Commerce, the research that can lessen so much The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Science and Transportation Sub- pain for so many and support S. 5. clerk will call the roll. committee—Keone Penn. I have a pic- I reserve the remainder of my time. The assistant legislative clerk pro- ture of this young man here. I want to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ceeded to call the roll. share his story. He was cured of sickle ator from Georgia. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask cell anemia. We use that term advised- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I will unanimous consent that the order for ly, but clearly, cured of sickle cell ane- be brief. I will take a portion of the re- the quorum call be rescinded. mia through cord blood adult stem cell mainder of our time and yield back the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without treatment—cured. rest. I compliment Senator DURBIN on objection, it is so ordered. I want to do part of this to encourage his excellent remarks. Referring back other people out there who might by f to Senator DORGAN’s and Senator chance be listening or know somebody SMITH’s speeches and so many other RECESS else who has sickle cell anemia who speeches, I think this has been a ter- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask has not yet been able to get treated; to rific debate. unanimous consent that the Senate talk about cures using cord blood. We I compliment the Senator from Iowa now stand in recess until the hour of have cord blood banking. That is tak- tremendously. We all gained a great 2:15 p.m. ing place. Cord blood is the blood be- deal of education. I think, with rare ex- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under tween the mother and the child when ception, we have seen exhibited a pas- the previous order, the Senate will the child is in the womb, and the use of sion to further embryonic stem cell re- stand in recess until the hour of 2:15 it, which we have now banked—10,000 search. The questions are not if that is p.m. units roughly have been banked and what we should do but how we go about Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:23 p.m., used throughout the country for many doing it. recessed until 2:15 p.m. and reassem- types of illnesses and sicknesses. I What I have tried to do, and Senator bled when called to order by the Acting want to talk about curing sickle cell HARKIN and I had a great exchange last President pro tempore. anemia in some cases using cord blood. night when we educated one another on f Sickle cell anemia is a disease that our positions, but what I tried to do is afflicts more than 70,000 Americans and open a door that already existed, a STEM CELL RESEARCH a disproportionate number of African door that brought about 5 of the 21 em- ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2007 Americans. Keone tells the story the bryonic stem cell lines that are cur- f best so I will just highlight what he rently under NIH approval. But as Sen- stated in front of a Senate science sub- ator HARKIN and others have stated, HOPE OFFERED THROUGH PRIN- CIPLED AND ETHICAL STEM committee hearing that I chaired. He those lines have now been experi- said: 1 CELL RESEARCH ACT—Continued mented on for 5 ⁄2 years, using mice, My name is Keone Penn. Two days ago I they have developed pollution or less- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I sug- turned 17 years old. Five years ago they said than-quality lines. It is time for us to gest the absence of a quorum and ask I wouldn’t live to be 17. They said I’d be dead find a way to further the science, to that the time that runs count equally within 5 years.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 I was born with sickle cell anemia. Sickle we can agree upon in moving forward person, we are going to start human cell is a very bad disease. I had a stroke in the stem cell field. I wanted to cite life, then we are going to purposefully when I was 5 years old. Things got even to this, because it is an exciting break- kill it for its stem cells, that genetic worse after that. My life has been full of match. pain, crises, blood transfusions every 2 through of news. weeks, and more times in the hospital than This article appeared in JAMA, Jour- That is the process this will inevi- I can count. nal of American Medical Association, tably lead to if we are successful in The year before I had my stem cell trans- February 28 of this year, on amniotic this science that I believe highly plant I was in the hospital 13 times. I never fluid. Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells doubtful, given the tumor formation. was able to have a normal life. My stem cell can be coaxed to become muscle, bone, But let’s say we are successful in the transplant was not easy, but I thank God fat, blood vessels, nerves, and liver next couple of decades, we can develop that I’m still here. I will graduate from high cells. It might be capable of repairing the science, the tumor issues somehow school and I want to become a chef because we are able to deal with, over that pe- I love to cook. I think I’m pretty good at it. damaged tissue resulting from condi- Sickle cell is now a part of my past. One tions such as spinal cord injuries, dia- riod of time, we get over that hurdle, year after my transplant I was pronounced betes, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. we can develop it. cured. Stem cells saved my life. My reason for pointing this out is We have an immunosuppressant prob- Many have heard of Keone’s amazing this is one we can agree upon. This is lem, so therefore now we have got to story on previous occasions, and the ef- one we can move forward with. The move into human cloning. Where do we fectiveness of cord blood stem cell re- amniotic fluid is discarded after the get those human clones? We get them search for such diseases rightly gives pregnancy, is not collected. It can be from people. We have to have an egg we hope to millions. collected. It could be collected. We get from women. We will get the ge- Keone’s story is yet another of a should see about collecting this and netic material from the person who great litany of adult stem cell suc- move forward on these treatments, and needs the embryonic stem cells; that is cesses. some of the $613 million we spent on not a problem. But we are going to I want to focus now on the cord blood embryonic stem cell research could go have to harvest a lot of eggs. stem cell successes and why we should into this field, and likely you are going I want to go through some of those not be directing research dollars down to be producing results very quickly. If numbers from different individuals who other paths, such as embryonic stem the amniotic fluid some people are have looked and thought about this. I cell and human cloning that have not talking about, as well as the placenta, would hope my colleagues, even if they produced these sorts of cures or these being able to collect stem cells from are on the other side of this, would sorts of treatments, when we could do the placenta and other rich sources of think about where does this take us, a lot more with treatments in the cord stem cells—if we can take some of this which is a real question about the idea blood field. $613 million that has produced zero of doing massive amounts of human As I noted, we started a cord blood human clinical trials to date and put it cloning, massive amounts of harvesting of women’s eggs to do human cloning banking program. We now have cord into fields that are producing or have a that is going to take place. Because blood banking taking place in several high potential here in a near-term you do not get a one-for-one match, places. I hope people are doing more of basis to be able to produce treatments you get the one human egg, you are not this across the country. As I stated, we or possibly even cures—no ethical prob- going to get it to necessarily take as a have distributed nearly 10,000 units of lem, no ethical issues; this would be human clone, it is going to take a num- this to get to matches in various clearly a key one to go forward with. places, in various individuals across I also want to further develop the ber of attempts to take place—I believe the country. We need more cord blood thought about embryonic stem cells the numbers I have heard are somewhere around 200 eggs are necessary to donated because you have to match a leading inevitably to human cloning. I get one clone to take. series of six factors and at least four of want to put out some numbers on this, those factors must match to be able to Now, maybe we are able to develop follow with the discussion on this. Peo- that technology better into the future. use the cord blood in a particular indi- ple certainly will understand it. If we vidual such as Keone. Therefore, you But if we develop this line, you are are to collect and develop additional probably going to look at the need for need to have a broad cross-section of embryonic stem cell lines, we get these cord blood in the banking supply so hundreds of thousands, if not millions, embryos from IVF clinics around the of embryos needed to pursue this spec- people can possibly find a match. country, and you start these lines, the In many places it has been used as a ulative embryonic stem cell research. genetic match will not take place. substitute for bone marrow and the dif- And for this application, you are going That genetic material will not match ficult collection process that takes to need millions of eggs and millions of place sometimes with marrow. We need anybody, because it is unique genetic human clones—excuse me, I cannot call more in the cord blood field so we can material, so as soon as it is implanted them clones—SCNT products, that is get more people treated like Keone into somebody else, there is going to be the scientific name for human clones, Penn. I think that is a key avenue for a rejection by the body taking place. SCNT clones. These embryos are going us, in stem cell work, in producing the That individual is going to have to be to have to be developed that way to ob- results. on immunosuppressive drugs for the retain sufficient embryos for this specu- Next step, the next field we need to mainder of their life, because the body lative research science, that will turn go to is amniotic fluid. I want to show is rejecting this foreign material. to human cloning, which will exploit this to my colleagues. Some of them Therefore, the answer is to move for- women for their eggs, because where would have seen this issue. We started ward, saying, well, okay, we have de- are we going to get hundreds of thou- a cord blood banking program to get veloped this science, we can do human sands of eggs? Are we going to have this, so we could get more matches embryonic stem cell work, it works, women in this country be willing to across the country and could get a but we are getting the rejection taking voluntarily go through the process, a broader cross-section of individuals place. Therefore, we are going to need difficult process? It can be damaging to who have contributed from various to do human cloning, but it is not their bodies. types of blood so we could get matches. going to be real human cloning, it is Maybe we will get some to do that. The next area we need to bank in, I going to be SCNT—somatic cell nu- Probably more likely we will be going believe, is amniotic fluid. The fluid clear transfer, that is the scientific abroad to recruit people to give eggs. It that surrounds the child as the child is name for human cloning—and we are is unlikely they will give them, it is in the womb is also a rich source of not going to clone, because we will cre- more likely they will be paid for those stem cells. It would be my hope that in ate the clone, we will harvest women’s eggs to take place, and to go through this year’s appropriations bill we would eggs, we will then create the clone, and this difficult, painful, and potentially not only study, I hope we will begin the we are not going to allow the imple- harmful problem. collection and funding of collecting mentation of it. Therefore, we can say Is that the route we want to go, or amniotic fluid. it is not cloning because it is not going would we be wiser to work with Now I urge my colleagues on all sides to result in a full-scale child, by all amniotic fluid, the cord blood, the pla- of this issue to say: Here is another one definitions. We are going to clone a centa collection that is taking place,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4339 and take some of this money and de- human, alive, would we say: Well, cal- areas that we know have high potential velop that field? I think the route for- lously, we can throw them away be- for cures and treatment and that unite ward is pretty clear. cause they do not look like us. us? There are plenty of things that di- I also want to discuss the idea we Well, the child at this stage starts to vide us. There are clearly things in were talking about, a disposable med- look like us, but it is pretty small. You areas that unite us, there are clearly ical infrastructure, the frozen embryos. can say it doesn’t look much like us. future areas of things that we can work I want to put back up a chart of one of Can we do it at that stage too? Then if on to unite us and to provide cures. those embryos we have here, and talk we are uncomfortable with doing it in Why would that not be a better ap- about this from a standpoint. I ask my the early phase, or we are comfortable proach? Are we so locked into a divi- colleagues to think about this for a with doing it in an earlier phase, or sion here that we cannot find a way second. when Hannah is born, can we research forward? I would submit we can find a I believe everybody is wrestling with on her then? She cannot do a whole lot way forward, and that we can work on the notion that the human embryo is at that point in time for herself. If we these topics and provide cures so none alive. We all agree it is alive. Some of leave her by herself, she will die. She of us is the poorer for it. We are mov- us will give it the status of a life; oth- can’t care for herself at that point in ing forward. Unfortunately, too much ers would not. Others would call it a time. So why not research on her at of the work is happening overseas in potential for human life. I do not be- that point? Well, no, because she is a the adult stem cell work and our peo- lieve that is the scientific term, but dignified human. So, okay, she is here. ple are not getting good access to it. I some would call it a potential for At what point? Here? Probably so. At have cited several examples—that human life. that point? Here? should not be happening overseas; it It is a human embryo. Here is a pic- Well, I don’t think so. I agree she is should be readily available here—of ture of a human embryo. That is actu- human. I agree she is alive, but I am treatments that are developed here but ally a child who was adopted as a fro- not willing to give her any dignity sta- are actually being practiced in places zen embryo and implanted and grew. tus as a human. overseas because of either lack of in- This is, of course, what we are looking What divides those? Some would say terest or support that we would have at as a physical entity. It is human. It place, placement. If it is placed in a here. I urge my colleagues to vote is in the human species. We know that. womb, it is. If it is not in the womb, it against S. 5. I urge my colleagues to All of us are having some level of dif- is not. Location has not determined work with me and others on developing ficulty with using taxpayer funding to personhood in our past. I would suggest this promising field in amniotic fluid. I destroy that young human life. Well, it doesn’t determine it in our future or urge others to work with me as we why are we having that level of dif- presently. There is a natural revulsion work in the areas of adult stem cell ficulty with destroying something that toward this idea that we would take and cord blood that are currently looks like this? I think it is because in life from somebody for their body parts treating and curing people and that we our own being, and the natural law for somebody else, and here we are hav- can do more of that and we can do that that resides in each of us, we believe in ing difficulty saying, well, yes, but the together and happily together and dignity for every human being, period. possibilities are so promising we are unite our country on an important We believe everybody who is here, who going to go ahead and do it anyway. topic instead of constantly dividing. is listening or watching this, is a dig- I quarrel with the possibilities being I yield the floor. nified person and worthy of respect and that promising, and I have gone The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- worthy of recognition as a person. That through this at length with my col- pore. The Senator from Michigan. is why when we have people on death leagues and discussed that. Even if it Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, are we op- row and facing execution, we do not were, what about the human dignity of erating under a UC at the moment? say, let’s go and harvest their organs. each of us? When we have an alter- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- When we hear that term, we are ap- native that is working, and when we pore. We are operating under consented palled by it, because we are saying: have more possibilities we can fund in time. The Senator from Iowa controls That is wrong. the amniotic fluid developing, and the 90 minutes. Well, why? Because the person is placenta research, why not go those Mr. LEVIN. I have been authorized to going to die. They were convicted of a avenues, where we are actually getting yield myself 10 minutes. heinous crime. Why not harvest their some possibilities, we are actually get- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- body parts and save some lives? Be- ting people treated, and we have no pore. The Senator is recognized. cause we certainly could. That way we ethical questions, and we can go for- Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, in the pre- could save a number of lives by har- ward aggressively and happily about vious Congress, the Senate and the vesting the organs of a person who it? House of Representatives voted re- committed a terrible crime. They are I am pro-life and whole life. I believe soundingly to lift the President’s bur- guilty. Despite the number of people life is sacred. I believe life is sacred in densome restrictions on embryonic having difficulty with the death pen- the womb and I believe life is sacred stem cell research. The President, how- alty—and I have difficulty with the wherever it is. I believe a child in ever, used the first—and so far only— death penalty—why wouldn’t we go Darfur is sacred, I believe that person veto of his administration to reject ahead and harvest the organs? We are even on death row is sacred, and should this potentially life-giving research going to throw them away, right? We be treated with dignity. I believe the which is supported by a clear majority are going to dispose of them, right? youngest phase that people are is sa- of the American people. We are here Well, but something within us says, cred and should be treated with dig- today to try again to give our sci- that doesn’t feel right; that seems as if nity. I do not think we have to go entists the tools they need as they that is the wrong thing to do. And it there. And if we do go there, it leads work to cure some of the most debili- doesn’t seem as if it is right because it down a path we do not want to follow tating and dreaded diseases. We will is not the right thing to do. It violates in human cloning, and that we should not—and we should not—yield until we their human dignity, that individual, agree with as a society. remove the obstacles the President has even though they have committed that Mr. President, I want to also note to put in their way. crime, is a dignified human being and my colleagues we can spend a lot of This fight is critical, because embry- worthy still, even though they have time on this bill. I do not believe it is onic stem cell research could hold the committed the heinous crime, is wor- going to become law because of the di- key to curing diseases that no other re- thy of us treating them with some vide in this country, because the Presi- search could cure. As best we know level of respect, and not harvesting dent is going to veto it. We will see if now, an embryonic stem cell is unique their organs. If they decide to volun- there are votes to sustain that veto or in nature. It alone can develop into any tarily give them up, that is their to override that veto. I do not think other type of cell in the body. Embry- choice, but they are worthy of that re- this is going to become law. So why onic stem cells—and embryonic stem spect. So why, when we are looking at would not we then look at this as a cells alone—can become a nerve cell, a human life here, that all of us agree is chance for us to work together on muscle cell, or any of the more than

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 200 types of cells in the body. The entific possibilities of stem cell re- importantly, it has the overwhelming promise of this unique ability is clear: search. In fact, he said the opposite. He support of the American people. If the If scientists could replace diseased stated in 2001: President again vetoes this bill, I hope cells with healthy cells created from Scientists believe further research using Congress will override that veto. embryonic stem cells, it could save an stem cells offers great promise that could As part of the unanimous consent untold number of lives. help improve the lives of those who suffer agreement to consider this legislation, For example, Parkinson’s disease is a from many terrible diseases. we are considering an additional bill as motor system disorder that results The President’s objection is to using well. Senators COLEMAN and ISAKSON from a loss of brain cells that produce embryos for research. But the key introduced a bill that promotes stem dopamine. Individuals with Parkin- fact—and one that opponents refuse to cell research limited to those stem son’s disease often experience a trem- deal with—is that any embryo not used cells obtained from ‘‘naturally dead’’ bling in the hands, arms, or face, and for stem cell research is going to be de- embryos. These embryos are called impaired balance and coordination. As stroyed anyway. The embryos created ‘‘naturally dead’’ because they are un- the disease develops, it can become dif- by fertilization clinics that are not able to divide and reproduce like other ficult to walk, talk, and complete going to be used for implantation will embryos. While we should pursue all other basic tasks. With research, sci- be destroyed. Why not give them a life- types of research, I do not believe we entists may be able to coax embryonic giving use then? No answer has been should limit stem cell research to stem stem cells into becoming healthy neu- forthcoming from the President. cells that may be flawed, as indicated rons that produce the desperately- RAND Health conducted a study in by their inability to reproduce and di- needed dopamine. If those neurons can 2003 that found there were approxi- vide. be successfully transplanted into a pa- mately 400,000 embryos in storage in Embryonic stem cell research holds tient with Parkinson’s disease, that the United States and some of these enormous promise for healing and sav- person could be cured. embryos will never be used because ing individuals who suffer from debili- The list of diseases that could benefit parents either had a successful preg- tating diseases and injuries. It is our from stem cell research is long—Alz- nancy and no longer need them or be- responsibility to pursue those cures heimer’s disease, Lou Gehrig’s disease, cause treatments were unsuccessful. In and treatments in an ethical manner. juvenile diabetes, spinal cord injuries, addition, the study found that only 2 In order for our scientists to do quality and many others. Stem cell research percent of these embryos will be used research and make advances in medi- could offer the millions of Americans to create pregnancies in unrelated cine, they must have access to embry- suffering from these diseases not just mothers. Many will be discarded. onic stem cells that are uncontam- hope but cures. Last year, the Detroit News edito- inated and viable for research, espe- Supporters of stem cell research un- rialized against a Michigan law re- cially since they will otherwise be de- derstand that these breakthroughs will stricting embryonic stem cell research stroyed. S. 5 will allow our scientists not be easy or inevitable. But the and used words that apply equally well to move forward to a new generation of President’s policy makes them far less to the President’s policy. The News potentially life-saving cures. It de- likely. On August 21, 2001, President wrote: serves the support of this body. Bush issued an executive order that the The justification for this law is to protect I yield the floor. Federal Government would only fund human embryos, but the fact that fertility Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I embryonic stem cell research on stem clinics can simply discard them means that yield myself 5 minutes from the time cell lines created before that date. the research ban is pointless. reserved on Senator HARKIN’s side. ‘‘Stem cell line’’ is the name given to Sean Morrison, director of the Uni- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- constantly-dividing cells that continue versity of Michigan’s Center for Stem pore. Without objection, the Senator is to be derived from a single embryo. Cell Biology and one of the country’s recognized for 5 minutes. Most independent experts estimated leading stem cell researchers, agrees. Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I rise at the time of the President’s executive In an article in the Ann Arbor News in favor of S. 5, the stem cell enhance- order that about 80 stem cell lines—a last month, Dr. Morrison stated: ment bill of 2007. Many of my col- woefully inadequate amount—would be The thing about that that’s crazy is human leagues have eloquently stated reasons available for Federal research. Most of embryos are discarded all the time by fer- for supporting this bill over the past 2 those lines were later determined to be tility clinics . . .So it’s legal to throw them days. The passage of this bill would be polluted and unusable, leaving only away, but it’s not legal to use them to try to an important step forward for research about 20 stem cell lines available. help somebody. into treatments of devastating dis- Last month, the Director of the Na- Embryonic stem cell research is eases. In addition, passing S. 5 will help tional Institutes of Health, Dr. Elias truly a life-giving process because of the United States as a leader in bio- Zerhouni was asked during testimony the extraordinary potential for healing medical research, a leader in trans- before the Senate Appropriations Sub- living, breathing human beings, human parent and ethical research practices, committee on Labor, Health and beings with names and faces and fami- and a leader in developing safe, effec- Human Services, and Education wheth- lies. tive treatments for diseases. I wish to er ‘‘scientists have a better chance of Members of the House of Representa- see stem cell therapies developed in finding new cures [and] new interven- tives have now passed the bipartisan this country so we can ensure the safe- tions for diseases if the current restric- Stem Cell Research and Enhancement ty and availability of these treatments tion on embryonic stem cell research Act, H.R. 3. After we debate the com- for American families and at the same were lifted.’’ Dr. Zerhouni responded: panion bill, S. 5, I hope we too will time create jobs for highly skilled ‘‘these cell lines will not be sufficient again adopt it and remove the Presi- workers to do the necessary research to do all the research we need to do dent’s arbitrary prohibition against and to develop these new treatments. . . . these cell lines have exhibited in- funding stem cell research on embryos. Our current policy puts us at a severe stability from the genetic standpoint It will pave the way for hundreds or disadvantage to other countries. As the and it’s not possible for me to see how thousands of additional stem cell lines Director of the NIH said at a recent we can continue the momentum of to be made available. hearing, our current stem cell policy is science in stem cell research with the This bill has the strong support of akin to working with one hand tied be- cell lines that we have currently at the American Medical Association, the hind our backs. Scientists in most NIH that can be funded. It is clear Coalition for the Advancement of Med- other countries are at an advantage to today that American science would be ical Research, the Association of Amer- U.S. scientists because they are al- better served and the nation would be ican Universities, the Christopher lowed to study the best stem cell lines better served if we let our scientists Reeve Foundation, the Juvenile Diabe- and do so with government funding. have access to more cell lines.’’ tes Research Foundation, the Leu- Let me explain this world stem cell In issuing his executive order and in kemia and Lymphoma Society, the policies map I have put up. It is color vetoing the bill we passed last year, Parkinson’s Action Network, and more coded to show the different stem cell the President did not question the sci- than 500 additional organizations. More policies that exist in different parts of

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4341 the world. We have essentially chosen eign scientists who use the stem cell mean? It means that currently the ex- four colors or four categories of poli- lines that were generated after 2001. isting law under President Bush re- cies I am trying to focus on. First, we Furthermore, we can’t leave this im- stricts stem cell research to adult have the countries in yellow which portant field of science to the private cells, to some vague 21 lines that are have not adopted stem cell policies. sector alone. We have a long history of becoming tired and toxic. But under You can see those countries are fairly bipartisan support for basic science re- our legislation, it would open it up to extensive. Next to those are those that search in this country precisely be- embryonic stem cell research where have adopted stem cell policies. The cause it does not make financial sense embryos are garnered that are dis- United States is part of that group. for industries to invest substantially in carded in in vitro processes in which Those are the countries in gray on this early-stage research. Any scientist will the donors themselves have to make world map. The United States is among tell you that human embryonic stem that informed choice. the most restrictive of those countries cell research is still in its early stages, What does this do, though? Well, I that are in gray, but we do have other and that it has gone more slowly than will tell you, stem cell research is the countries that have policies that are in it would have otherwise gone because kind of research that could find a cure that category as well. of the restrictions currently in place in for Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, dis- Third are the countries in light our own policy. Furthermore, most eases of the brain and the immune sys- brown which allow the creation of stem cell-based therapies, including bone tem, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord cell lines from leftover embryos in IVF marrow stem cell transplants, were injury. Imagine if scientists could find clinics. We can see those light-brown first developed in academic research a cure for Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, countries. Passing S. 5 would move the hospitals and have never been widely or if they cannot find a cure, to be able United States into that group of coun- utilized. This means Federal funding is to regenerate new kinds of brain cells tries, such as France and Canada and even more important for cell-based to give people a cognitive or func- Brazil. therapies such as stem cell transplants tioning stretchout. Think about the The final group depicted on this than it is for other types of treat- impact on families, but also think world map is those that are shaded in ments. about the impact on our nursing home dark brown. These countries allow Mr. President, I urge my colleagues budget. other laboratory techniques to be used to support S. 5. It is an important step Think about research in juvenile dia- to create embryonic stem cell lines. to keep the United States a world lead- betes, type 1 diabetes, where little chil- You will notice that many of these er in the field of biomedical research, dren, every day—whether they are 5 or countries have very strong scientific and it will give hope to many of our 9 or 11—have to be testing their blood research programs. I particularly men- citizens for the treatments they des- sugar. They cannot eat the way other tion the United Kingdom, India, and perately need. kids do. They have to watch how they China as part of that. Scientists in Mr. President, I yield the floor. pace themselves when they play ball or these countries, other than the United The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. do other things so they do not induce States, are free to use the type of stem SANDERS). The Senator from Maryland. hypoglycemia. As they get older and cells best suited to their research, Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. President, I rise their cells get even more tired, they whether they are adult stem cells or today to speak with some great ur- fear they could lose a kidney or lose embryonic stem cells created before gency on the need to pass the Stem their eyesight. 2001 or embryonic stem cells created Cell Research Enhancement Act of If we could find more breakthroughs after 2001. In fact, many countries have 2007, S. 5. in juvenile diabetes, we would give been promoting stem cell research be- We must pass this bill because if we them their childhood back. We would cause they see this as an opportunity do not, the American people will con- give them a life that has a future full to get ahead in this field during a time tinue to suffer, our brilliant research- of promise. That is why we are fighting when U.S. scientists are restricted to ers will be discouraged and think about here. It is not about ideology. It is not less useful stem cell lines. leaving the field of scientific research about party. It is about our American For example, the United Kingdom and, No. 3, we are also outsourcing our people. And what we invent here could has established a world stem cell bank intellectual capital because other re- help save lives everywhere. to collect, characterize, and distribute search is going overseas. Yesterday, I went to Johns Hopkins embryonic stem cell lines to research- We have to have a sense of urgency University to discuss this stem cell re- ers around the world. The United King- because stem cell research takes a long search. I wanted to be sure I was on the dom has also developed a comprehen- time. We cannot have science on de- right track: sound science, good, solid sive national regulatory system that mand or scientists on demand. If we do ethical frameworks. I said to the sci- requires researchers to follow strict not act now, we are going to be dis- entists: Tell me what you are doing ethical guidelines. While these regula- couraging very important research and and tell me what impedes you now tions may slow research to some ex- wonderful young people from going working under the Bush framework? tent, embryonic research is an area into this field. Well, they gave me an earful. First, that merits extra care and trans- Every year we wait, we fall 3 years it is inspirational—inspirational—in parency and oversight. We should not behind in our research—another time what they are doing in pediatric leu- relinquish our duty to uphold high eth- where a patient might have been saved, kemia, in juvenile diabetes, in multiple ical research standards to other coun- a family might not have had to watch sclerosis. Also, to give an example, in tries or to individual States within this a loved one suffer, and also where we talking to Dr. Doug Kerr, he is working country or to the market more gen- would not have to watch our great now through stem cells—yes, it is with erally. ideas going somewhere else. paralyzed rats—to not only regenerate I ask unanimous consent for an addi- Stem cell research is very important the spinal cord but to have those cells tional 2 minutes. to the American people. It is very im- connect to muscle so not only for The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- portant to Maryland. It is very impor- whether you are regenerating spinal pore. Without objection, it is so or- tant to me. I am a firm, clear, un- cords that have been injured or sev- dered. The Senator is recognized. abashed supporter of expanded stem ered, but also to connect the muscle so Mr. BINGAMAN. Many other coun- cell research and, at the same time, you could walk again. That was the tries, including Singapore, Korea, and that this research be conducted under dream of Christopher Reeve. But that Australia, also have federally funded the strictest bioethical standards. That is the dream of every paraplegic right centers for embryonic stem cells. How- is why I like S. 5. This legislation is now—whether it has come from a div- ever, it will be difficult for the United based on sound cellular biology science ing accident, if you are an athlete, or States to capitalize on the research ad- and also good, sound ethical principles. whether you have been injured in Iraq vances that are made in these other This legislation is so important not or Afghanistan. countries since federally funded sci- because legislation is important but Don’t we want Dr. Kerr to do what he entists in the United States are re- because it opens more opportunity to is doing now and to be able to extend stricted from collaborating with for- do stem cell research. What does that that? But they do not get the clinical

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 trials because they are restricted in cell research was halted almost en- which pertains to appropriations bills, the types of cells they can use. tirely. Stem cell research was done by and I am an appropriator, and that is So we saw a cornucopia, again, of op- private entities. A private entity has covered there. So none of this money is portunity there. But I said to the docs no Federal bioethical standards. used for the destruction of an embryo. at Hopkins: Why can’t we do this with Mr. President, like you, I am a sun- All it is used for is for the research on private or State funds? They said: Sen- shine person. I believe you should have stem cells that have been derived, ator MIKULSKI, you have to have a na- research conducted in the sunshine. which is what is being done today, by tional framework. First, that is where That is where you have compliance the way—which are derived. Now, those you get your bioethical guidelines. It is with bioethical standards. That is why derivations can come from private en- done not while there is one set of we need to have the kind of national tities or State sponsored or wherever, guidelines for States that can afford re- framework where everybody goes by maybe some international, maybe for- search and that there is another set of the same rules, at the same time, in eign countries—wherever. But none of guidelines for those States that can’t. the same way. Without national stand- the money here in our bill, S. 5, can be Also, there is not enough in private ards, research will be done by the well- used for the destruction of an embryo, philanthropic funds to be able to do heeled, outside of the public eye, with period. If anyone says so, please come this. no national scrutiny. This is where I and show us where it is in the bill that Private funds function like venture fear dark and ghoulish things can says that. capital. But at the same time, what occur. Mr. President, I see the distinguished happens with States? Maryland is now I acknowledge the validity of some of Senator from Missouri is here. I yield in a bidding war with our $25 million the concerns raised by colleagues. But 15 minutes to the Senator from Mis- against California. We have scientists as long as you shove it underground, as souri. who are leaving Maryland to go to long as you shove it behind closed Mrs. MCCASKILL. Mr. President, I California. Hats off to them. But also, doors, then you are going to get either rise to speak today on a matter of sig- then, we have scientists in Maryland faulty research or very bad ethics. nificant medical, scientific, and per- and California who are leaving the I believe the legislation pending will sonal importance. Today, my col- country because they can do work in remove the restrictions imposed by the leagues and I have the opportunity to Sweden or Singapore that they cannot President. It will provide the ethical support research which will result in do in their own country. These are and medical framework we need for lifesaving cures, research which allevi- American scientists who want to do federally funded stem cell research. It ates pain and suffering, and research their own work in their own country. will create strong ethical guidelines. which improves the quality of life of But we are driving them out with our Most of all, it will ensure that we now millions of Americans. I am speaking narrow-minded ideological sense of po- open the opportunity for even greater about research which will provide some liticizing science. and more expanded stem cell research of the most significant medical ad- So we cannot do this with State so scientists will now have access to vances we have ever seen in the history funds, and we cannot do it with private new, fresh stem cell lines which they of mankind. funds. As I said, right now we are out- now do not. Of course, I am speaking in the sourcing this to China, to Singapore, to What does it mean? Well, I can tell strongest support of S. 5, the Stem Cell Australia, to Germany. I am not saying you what it means. It means for the Research Enhancement Act. I thank there are good countries or not good United States of America we have my distinguished colleagues, Senators countries, but what are we doing? We heard what the voters said in Novem- HARKIN, HATCH, KENNEDY, and SPECTER, are losing our intellectual capital. We ber. They said: Change the direction of for the leadership they have offered on are also losing our young scientists. the country. Change the priorities. embryonic stem cell research legisla- Yesterday, I talked to a young doc- Come back home, America. Remember tion over the last several years. tor. I knew him as a resident. His wife what America is. We are the land of the In my short time in the Senate, I was a friend of a friend of mine. I knew free, the home of the brave, and of dis- have had the occasion to speak and him through his residency. Now he is a covery. Let’s go for it. vote on numerous matters of signifi- young doctor, married, with three chil- Mr. President, I yield the floor. cant national importance, but not dren. His whole field is diabetes. He is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- every day do we have the opportunity so eager to do this juvenile diabetic re- ator from Iowa. to vote to heal the sick. Today, we search. He has already started it. He is Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I thank have a chance to set aside partisan pol- already good at it. Gosh, maybe he the Senator from Maryland for her itics and support legislation that aims could win the Nobel prize one day. But very eloquent statement and for her to improve the quality of life for tens guess what. There is not the money for strong support of hope and health and of millions of Americans. It is a noble the young scientist. Also, with the healing, as encompassed in S. 5. cause and one that reminds me of how very shackling of what goes on now in Mr. President, while I wait the ar- proud I am to represent Missouri in the these so-called Bush lines, with these rival of our next speaker, I want to Senate. ideological guidelines, they cannot do point out that time and time again I Who would oppose such a cause, and the research. He has to think hard hear those who are opposed to S. 5 use what would their reasons be for such about whether he wants to continue his the phrase that they are opposed to opposition? The opponents of embry- life dream of finding a cure for juvenile funds being used for the destruction of onic stem cell research attack it on diabetes. embryos. Earlier today I had corrected multiple fronts—public opinion, sci- You see, this man has devoted his life one Senator who said that. I said: Show entific fact, and moral grounds—and to getting ready to do this, and now his me in the bill where it is. Well, then the war against embryonic stem cell own Government is stopping him—not other Senators—the Senator from Kan- research is fought in our communities, because he is not smart, not because sas and others—have gotten up and in the media, and today in this Con- we do not have the will, but because we talked about not using money for the gress. Unfortunately, the casualties are have too much ideology and too little destruction of embryos. the medical researchers and doctors money in the wallet. I challenge anyone, any Senator to who want nothing more than to cure We have a President who has given us come and take S. 5 and show me any- diseases. That is all they want. They a framework where research has one where in there where there is one dime have no grand scheme. There is no big hand behind its back. Scientists have used for the destruction of embryos. It money here. We are talking about cur- been prohibited from doing new stem is not there. I get the feeling that a ing diseases. Ultimately, the casualties cell research. misrepresentation repeated and re- are the patients who would benefit Six years ago, the President repeated somehow seems to take hold so from those cures. stricted Federal funds for embryonic that people say: Well, there must be My greatest disappointment in this stem cell research. What did it do? It money for the destruction of embryos debate has been the numerous inac- created an unregulated atmosphere. in this bill. There is not. That is cov- curate statements made in this Cham- The result was federally funded stem ered by the Dickey-Wicker amendment ber by opponents of embryonic stem

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4343 cell research. Because this issue was on Claim: The 21 viable embryonic stem about the way we are going to subject the ballot in Missouri last year, I had cell lines we have currently funded are women to egg-harvesting and this the opportunity to learn a great deal plenty. It is sufficient. The truth: As rampant practice of selling eggs on the about this field during the months we Dr. John Gearhart told the Committee open market. Both of those things are campaigned for the U.S. Senate, as this on Aging, the federally approved lines prohibited in this legislation. Donors issue was debated in great detail across are not genetically diverse, meaning cannot receive financial reward for my State. Let me talk about a few of we don’t have the cell lines needed that their donations, and it has to be only the misrepresentations that have been will allow us to fully utilize this vital eggs that would otherwise be discarded. made in this debate. research. Importantly, minorities are Fourth, the Director of the National Claim: Adult stem cell research and the greatest affected group due to the Institutes of Health must issue guide- stem cells derived from umbilical cord lack of genetic diversity in these cell lines 60 days after the enactment of blood and amniotic fluid are adequate lines. In addition, many of the feder- this legislation. and we don’t need embryonic stem cell ally approved lines are contaminated Finally, it is interesting to note that research and there are 72 adult stem with mouse feeder cells. Finally, some some of the 21 stem cell lines that are cell treatments for human diseases. of these cell lines are involved in pro- currently being used for embryonic The truth: In the medical journal prietary arguments and are not avail- stem cell research might not even meet Science, July of 2006, Dr. William able for research purposes. Asking the strict guidelines that are contained Neaves of the Stowers Institute for America’s scientists to work with only in this legislation. Medical Research in Kansas City and 21 viable embryonic stem cell lines is Families all across America are Dr. Steven Teitelbaum of Washington hamstringing them and impeding this using medical research to participate University Medical School in St. Louis important progress. in the miracle of birth. detail that this false claim originates Claim: This legislation will use tax Fact: The process of using medical from David Prentice of the Family Re- dollars to fund destruction of human research to enhance the likelihood of search Council. Mr. Prentice asserts embryos. The truth: Each year, Con- pregnancy produces an excess of eggs. I that there were over 1,000 ongoing clin- gress attaches the Dickey-Wicker have heard no claims to the contrary ical trials of adult stem cell therapies. amendment to the Labor-HHS appro- because that is the fact. A review of the record at the NIH Web priations bill stating that no Federal Fact: Thousands of these eggs are site that tracks clinical trials, how- funds can be used to destroy human going to be destroyed. I have heard a ever, showed that Mr. Prentice grossly embryos. That has not changed. This lot of claims in this Chamber, but no misinterpreted the data. He searched bill simply allows Federal funds to be one is arguing with a straight face that the database for any entry containing used to study stem cell lines that are the process of producing eggs for in the word ‘‘stem’’ and counted items derived from human embryos that oth- vitro fertilization does not produce such as ‘‘brain stem,’’ ‘‘system,’’ and erwise would have been discarded. How thousands of excess eggs. ‘‘stem from,’’ which is a verb. There many times do we need to say it: ‘‘that were numerous other errors and omis- otherwise would have been discarded.’’ Fact: Thousands of these eggs are sions that served as the basis for this Not a dime of Federal money will fund going to be destroyed. It is just that claim. In fact, there are only a handful the destruction of human embryos. simple. of clinical trials with adult stem cells, Claim: If embryonic stem cell re- Here is the question. This is the ques- and only nine conditions have adult search was such a promising field, it tion of the day: Is it better to use these stem cell treatments that are approved should have produced hundreds of cures eggs to save lives as opposed to throw- by the FDA. by now. Over 30 years of research into ing them away? It really boils down to In addition, as the Senator from Iowa embryonic stem cells has proved fruit- that. Ultimately, if some of our col- so eloquently outlined yesterday, most less. The truth: The first of human em- leagues say it is wrong to use these scientists and patient advocacy groups bryonic stem cells were not isolated eggs to save lives, then surely these agree that adult stem cell research is until 1998, and research with embryonic same colleagues must believe it is not a substitute for embryonic stem stem cells was not awarded Federal wrong to throw them away. Where is cell research. All research is good, but funding until 2002. That was only 5 their legislation outlawing their de- we cannot substitute an inferior form years ago. To put this in context, from struction? In other words, where is of research for the type of research the first research into a vaccine for their legislation outlawing in vitro fer- that holds the most promise for these polio, over 20 years passed before doc- tilization? Because inherent in that elusive cures. tors first developed the first effective process is the destruction of human Many organs do not have adult stem polio vaccine. Hundreds of Nobel laure- embryos. cells, and adult stem cells and cord ates agree that embryonic stem cell re- I come from Missouri, where we say stem cells are not pluripotent. That search has great potential for devel- what we think and we mean what we means they don’t have the ability em- oping cures, but this will take both say. Two of Missouri’s finest and most bryonic stem cells do to develop into funding and time. The NIH has pro- respected leaders have spoken quite any type of cell, and therefore their use vided over half a billion dollars each eloquently on the subject of embryonic is limited. year in Federal funding for stem cell stem cell research. Claim: Tumors are a necessary prod- research since fiscal year 2003, but only Senator John Danforth, a former Re- uct of implanting embryonic stem a small fraction of those funds has publican Member of this body, strongly cells. The truth: Tumors will only de- gone to embryonic stem cell research. supported the stem cell initiative that velop if undifferentiated stem cells are Claim: There are inadequate ethical was put successfully before voters in injected into mice. Undifferentiated guidelines in S. 5. In fact, this proposed Missouri in 2006. An Episcopalian min- cells are those which have not devel- legislation has tougher ethical guide- ister, Senator Danforth voted many oped into their final state. For exam- lines than those which currently exist. times in this Chamber as a Senator ple, a cell that has not developed into This legislation provides the ethical who believed that abortion should not its final state is a blood cell or a bone framework we need for this legislation. be legal in this country. An Episcopa- cell or a nerve cell. In fact, tumor for- This proposed legislation makes sure lian minister, Senator Danforth has mation is exactly how scientists deter- that, first, the only embryos that can also worked through the moral and mine that a cell is pluripotent—in be used are those which are created for ethical issues he had with embryonic other words, able to develop into a fertility treatments and which are in stem cell research. When asked about multitude of different types of cells. excess of the clinical need and would be the equality of a multicelled embryo in However, nobody is suggesting that un- discarded; second, there must be writ- a petri dish and the life of a human differentiated stem cells be injected ten, informed consent from the donors; child suffering from a debilitating dis- into humans. The FDA has monitored third, donors can receive no financial ease, he put it in context by asking this question, and there is no evidence reward for their donations. simply: If a house were on fire and you that cells differentiated from embry- These two facts are important to me had to make the choice, would you res- onic stem cells cause tumors. as I listened to the misinformation cue a petri dish or a 3-year-old child?

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4344 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Doctor William Neaves is the presi- Americans who today suffer from the ment can work to promote this science dent of the Stowers Institute for Med- trembling caused by Parkinson’s dis- responsibly by paving the way for ical Research in Kansas City, one of ease. It is about hope for the over 1 treatments that will save millions of the finest research institutions in the million people in America who suffer lives without destroying others. Nation. One of the most spiritual and from Alzheimer’s disease. It is about Toward that end, I believe the legis- thoughtful men I have known, Dr. hope for the 17 million Americans who lation passed by Congress last year and Neaves has studied the moral and eth- suffer from diabetes, including the before the Senate today represents a ical implications of in vitro fertiliza- hope that we should be giving to those measured, responsible step toward tap- tion and stem cell research over the young people who are suffering from ping into the vast potential that em- last 25 years with his wife, who is also juvenile diabetes and have to look at a bryonic stem cell research has with re- a bioethicist and an ordained Meth- life of dealing with the difficulties of spect to finding cures for Alzheimer’s, odist minister. He struggled with his that illness. It is about hope for the Parkinson’s, diabetes and a wide range position on these issues due to his faith more than 64 million Americans who of other devastating diseases. and upbringing, but in the end, upon today suffer from one or more forms of In millions of cases, this legislation reflection and studying the Bible, he heart disease. So the debate on the could mean the difference between a concluded that embryonic stem cell re- floor today is, in fact, about the hope normal life and one of pain and suf- search is morally and ethically accept- and aspirations of all Americans, in- fering. In millions of other cases, it able. cluding people, many of whom are re- could mean the difference between life I will close with Dr. Neaves’ words: lated to Members in this Chamber and death. And by authorizing Federal Two elements have been pivotal in forming today. funding only for research on embryonic my belief. The first is the biological fact Scientists in America agree that, stem cells that will never become that in normal human reproduction, most without a doubt, embryonic stem cell human life and that are donated will- blastocysts, or embryos, perish rather than research holds great potential for cur- ingly, it achieves its objectives without implant in the uterus. The second is Eccle- ing these and other diseases. It is re- destroying the potential for life. siastes 11:5 in the English Standard Bible: As you do not know the way the spirit markable that against the conclusive To be sure, support from private comes to the bones in the womb of a woman determination of the scientific commu- funds for this research has been wel- with child, so you do not know the work of nity, we have the Federal Government come. But it is simply not enough. I God who makes everything. in a position where it is actively with- have heard from scores of scientists in Many people of faith believe that research holding the financial support that is my home State of Colorado—working with embryonic stem cells represents a per- needed to carry on this very important in university labs as we speak, trying fectly moral means of fulfilling the biblical research for America. That is not the to find cures for our most devastating mandate to heal the sick. Other people of faith disagree. Should Federal policy dis- American way. The American way is to diseases—who tell me that the Federal qualify a field of research from competing open new doors of hope. We ought to be funding this legislation would author- for Federal funds because some Christians opening new doors of hope as well with ize would boost their capabilities expo- object to it? As a Christian who supports this the passage of this legislation later nentially. research, I certainly hope not. today. In addition to the practical impact I yield the floor. The reason that scientists are so ex- on American laboratories, however, Mr. HARKIN. I thank the Senator cited about the potential of embryonic there is something else to consider. I from Missouri for a very eloquent and stem cell research—and the reason that can think of no other Nation that poignant statement. I know the Sen- this kind of research may hold the cure should lead this research with strict ator mentioned that recently she came for a whole host of diseases—is that guidelines than the United States. off a campaign in Missouri. I know embryonic stem cells have the poten- Throughout our Nation’s history, that, in listening to her statement, she tial to become virtually any kind of America has been the leader in making is reflecting the wishes and hopes of so cell in the human body, such as brain monumental scientific strides that many people in her own State who cells, heart cells, or cells that produce have made life easier and better for want to make sure we move ahead and insulin. people in our country and all over the find cures and treatments. I thank her The difficult part of embryonic stem world. In a field with such great prom- for her eloquence and for her forthright cell research for scientists is control- ise, and at a time where American statement on behalf of embryonic stem ling the process by which embryonic competitiveness is at the forefront of cell research. stem cells become other, more special- the Congressional agenda, I believe we Mr. President, I now yield 10 minutes ized kinds of cells. Much more research must once again be the global leader. to the distinguished Senator from Col- into that process is needed. To quote a Mr. President, I want to be clear that orado. document prepared by the National In- I also believe we should promote alter- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- stitutes of Health, ‘‘the promise of native methods of creating embryonic ator from Colorado is recognized. stem cell therapies is an exciting one, stem cells. For that reason, I strongly Mr. SALAZAR. Mr. President, I rise but significant technical hurdles re- support the other proposal that is cur- today to discuss the question currently main that will only be overcome rently before the Senate, S. 30, which before the Senate regarding whether to through years of intensive research.’’ would intensify research into these al- allow Federal funding for embryonic The Federal funding this legislation ternative methods. stem cell research. Let me start out authorizes will provide a critical boost I yield the floor. my remarks, first, by acknowledging to that effort. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, how Senator HARKIN and the great work he Mr. President, like millions of other much time do we have remaining? has done in this field. It is beyond a American families, my family has been The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- doubt that he is an expert on embry- touched by the ache of loss brought ator from Iowa has 37 minutes. onic stem cell research, one of our na- about by Alzheimer’s disease. My fa- Mr. HARKIN. I yield until 3:45 to the tional leading experts in terms of ther died of complications related to Senator from New York, Senator SCHU- health care, and having been an advo- the disease only a few years ago. At the MER. cate in that area, he is recognized end of his life, I wanted nothing more Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, first, I across this country. I admire his work than to be able to help ease his suf- rise in strong and profound praise of on this legislation, as well as the work fering. Now, as I reflect on that dif- my colleague from Iowa. He has led that has been put into this legislation ficult time, I think of the families that this fight dauntlessly, always being by a number of colleagues, including are currently enduring the same pain both dogged and smart. That is why we many on the Republican side of the mine did, and I want to help them. are where we are today. aisle who have joined this bipartisan I trust the vast majority of the sci- I rise in support of S. 5, the Stem Cell coalition to make stem cell research a entific community that believes em- Research Enhancement Act. Today, as reality for the people of America. bryonic stem cell research may hold we stand on the brink of scientific At the end of the day, S. 5 is about the key to the cures these families are breakthroughs, we cannot let politics hope—about hope for over 1 million seeking. I also believe that our Govern- pull us backward. A modern nation

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4345 loses its greatness, its preeminence, looking at juvenile diabetes. As many From time to time, however, there is when it turns its back on science. That as 3 million Americans have Type I dia- a breakthrough—or possible break- is what history has shown. betes, with over 13,000 children newly through—in medical science that has Stem cell research is the key to hope diagnosed each year. These children the potential to revolutionize not only for 100 million Americans and their must be injected with insulin multiple our ability to diagnose or treat an af- families who suffer from debilitating times each day and prick their fingers fliction but our basic understanding of diseases. Talk about it any way you to test their blood sugar as many as six how the human body operates. When want, spin it any way you want, talk times a day. that occurs, a debate ensues as society about all these alternatives; the bot- That doesn’t have to be the reality attempts to evaluate the new proce- tom line is very simple: A ‘‘no’’ vote is forever. Researchers have already dem- dure’s potential to address the diseases a vote against science, a vote against onstrated they can produce insulin-pro- that threaten our health as well as the the millions who are anxiously await- ducing cells from undifferentiated em- ethics of putting the new procedures ing a cure for diabetes, Alzheimer’s, bryonic stem cells. This has the real into practice. Parkinson’s, spinal cord injuries and potential to develop a cure for juvenile Such a possible breakthrough is stem other diseases and injuries. diabetes, providing relief to the 3 mil- cell research. At present, its promise Unfortunately, we all know someone lion Americans and their families who and potential for changing the way we with a disease such as diabetes, heart are burdened with the implications of view health and disease seems limit- disease, Parkinson’s, ALS or cancer the disease every day. less. In theory, stem cells may be capa- who could benefit from embryonic Without being able to use Federal ble of doing everything we can possibly stem cell research. Every one of us has funding for their research, innovative imagine—and more. Unfortunately, looked into the eyes of somebody who stem cell research is being relegated there is often a wide gap between what needs help—in my case, a young moth- more and more to only those individ- is possible in theory and what is prac- er with a little girl about 5 years old uals and institutions that can afford it. tical and possible in the real world. who had juvenile diabetes who said: Because NIH-funded research activi- What the future of stem cells will be no Senator, the doctors tell me the odds ties have to be housed in different one knows for certain. Still, the possi- are high that my child could be blind buildings from stem cell research labs, bilities are more than intriguing and at age 20 if we don’t do embryonic stem which has created enormous headaches certainly worth an in-depth look. cell research. How can we say no to and financial barriers for researchers The research that has been conducted that mother and to that child? Sci- in my State of New York and has ham- into stem cells so far has been so excit- entists are on the cusp of making in- pered both research on stem cells and ing because of the very nature of these credible progress through stem cell re- research using other methods, unless cells. Stem cells have the capacity to search, a process that has the potential we vote yes on S. 5, we are not going to renew themselves and then become spe- to cure diseases that have been with us make progress. cialized cells. Most of the cells that are for centuries, such as diabetes and This bill would provide enormous in the body are created and committed heart disease. hope to growing numbers of Americans. to performing a specific function. A When their progress was stalled in It would accelerate the movement to- stem cell remains ‘‘on the fence,’’ how- 2001 when President Bush limited feder- ward a cure for devastating diseases, ever, uncommitted until it is given a ally funded stem cell research to only while strengthening the rules on ethics signal by the body to develop into a 19 sources that are truly viable, every that must be involved in this research. specialized cell. family who had hope was set back. This is one of those issues that hits That ability to change and become a With that Executive order, the Presi- home more than anything else. Every- cell that can be used almost anywhere dent shut the door on hope for all those one knows a mother with Alzheimer’s in the body has fascinated scientists families. or a neighbor with diabetes. They are who are studying the ability of the With that one action, the President gut-wrenching situations. body to repair itself through the use of not only stopped current research in What is most heartbreaking is to using these ‘‘uncommitted’’ cells. its tracks, he sent a message to future think the President’s first veto was to We have all heard the saying—you scientists that they should not pursue stop us from alleviating all this ter- don’t have to be a weatherman to know this line of work. rible pain. I urge my colleagues to look which way the wind is blowing. In this As they see a limited funding stream into the eyes of a young child with ju- case, however, you really do need a for the work they do, fewer and fewer venile diabetes, look into the eyes of a strong background in science to under- graduates are specializing in this type middle-aged couple who has a parent stand fully the specifics of stem cell re- of research, and those who are deeply suffering from Alzheimer’s. Don’t say search and its implications for the fu- committed to it tend to go overseas. no to them. ture. Fortunately, we are not here to That is not a great America—an Amer- I yield the floor, and I yield the re- predict the impact stem cells will have ica that turns its back on science and mainder of my time back to the Sen- on our health care system in the years puts politics in its place. We want all ator from Iowa. to come. We are here to make a deter- the best minds in the country to be Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, throughout mination as to the wisdom of using working together to find a cure for the history of our Nation, generations taxpayer dollars to finance additional these debilitating diseases. of American scientists have looked for work in this area—and then pick the S. 5 would answer the prayers of mil- ways to improve the human condition best vehicle to support it. There is a lions of families. It would increase the and address the problem of disease and big difference. number of stem cell lines that can be the afflictions of old age. Working in In debating and voting on the two used by researchers who are funded by labs either spartan or spacious, they bills before us today, we are not mak- Federal grants. have toiled together over the years to ing a judgment about the science itself, These stem cell lines are not made find cures for the health conditions as others have stated. Rather, we are from new embryos that would be cre- that continue to plague mankind. making a judgment about whether that ated for the purpose of research. They As they conducted their research, science should be supported by tax- would not be harvested from women, each scientist’s work built on the dis- payer dollars. We are deciding the ap- like some people think. These lines coveries that preceded it, and the re- propriate moral construct for the work would be made from leftover embryos sults they achieved over the years have of those key scientists in manipulating created by couples who were trying to enabled us to live longer, healthier, and possibly even destroying the basic conceive through in vitro fertilization more productive lives. The list of med- building blocks of human life. We are but are not used and are going to be de- ical miracles and marvels that have reaffirming how we as a society view stroyed. With passage of this bill, those come from their work has made the the embryo and its function. embryos could contribute to critical phrase ‘‘American ingenuity’’ known Every year, within our appropria- research instead of being thrown away. around the world for the creativity it tions bills, we make a judgment about Let’s think about the good that hav- represents and the results it has so how we want to treat embryos—the ing these new stem cells could do by often provided. very beginning of human life. The

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Dickey-Wicker amendment is clear. texts to treat the human embryo as entific research using stem cells while Federal dollars cannot be used for cre- more than simply material for sci- still protecting the sanctity of life. ating human embryos for research pur- entific research. Stem cell research remains a con- poses or for research in which a human The supporters of this bill will ac- troversial issue in the medical, sci- embryo or embryos are destroyed, dis- knowledge that it does not limit re- entific and religious communities as carded, or knowingly subjected to the search to human embryos that are cur- well as in Congress. In fact, just last risk of injury or death greater than rently frozen but extends the window July, we were debating this very topic, that allowed for research on fetuses in for that research well into the future. and here we are again today. utero. Therefore, every year, as part of By doing so, the bill creates an incen- I am not opposed to stem cell re- the appropriations process, we reaffirm tive for the creation of embryos solely search. I believe that many forms of that science must be guided by moral for research purposes. This is contrary stem cell research offer great hope to values, and our values as a society to what Congress reaffirms within the millions of Americans suffering from compel us to place certain limits on Dickey-Wicker language each year. various diseases, including research the pursuit of science. Today’s debate And, although the bill prohibits fi- using adult and umbilical cord stem will consider whether our values as a nancial and other inducements for the cells. We are already seeing medical society compel us to maintain certain parents of the embryo, it does not advances in this type of research. In limits on taxpayer funding of embry- eliminate financial or other induce- fact, adult stem cells have proven ef- onic stem cell research. ments for the clinics and doctors that fective in combating several serious Without question, science must be create the embryos. Thus, it does not conditions, such as diabetes and spinal guided by morality. There have been eliminate the financial incentives for cord injury. too many instances over the course of in vitro fertilization clinics to create Also, just recently in the papers, sci- human history in which terrible things more embryos than are absolutely nec- entists announced that amniotic fluid have been done in the name of science. essary to help parents conceive a child. may be a promising source of stem Scientific exploration is important and This loophole will further erode the cells. This shows we have a lot to learn we should do everything we can to fur- congressional prohibition through about stem cells. I am 100 percent opposed to embry- ther our knowledge of ourselves and Dickey-Wicker against the creation of onic stem cell research, however. This our world, but not at the expense of human embryos solely for research is why I will be voting against S. 5, the disregarding the moral viewpoints of purposes. I am not opposed to embryonic stem Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act millions of Americans who don’t be- cell research, but I am opposed to the of 2007. lieve their taxes should pay for some- provisions of S. 5. I would welcome the This bill would remove all current thing they find abhorrent. opportunity to debate amendments to protections against the destructive use In determining how to proceed, we of of embryos for harvesting embryos for course must consider the promise of the bill, but the agreement that gov- erns our debate does not permit amend- stem cells. I believe it is morally stem cell research. But in considering wrong to take embryos in the early that promise, we must make it clear ments. And, without an opportunity to amend S. 5, I have no choice but to stages of life and destroy them, even that while stem cells may someday vote against it. for research purposes. We should pro- lead to therapeutic advancements for However, I will support alternatives, tect human life—not destroy it. devastating diseases like Alzheimer’s, such as the Isakson-Coleman bill, so Back in 2001, the Bush administra- diabetes, Parkinson’s, leukemia, and that we can allow greater Federal sup- tion began allowing Federal funding for spinal cord injuries, that day has not port for embryonic stem cell research. embryonic stem cell research on a lim- come yet. That is why we must be care- I believe we can and should unite be- ited number of stem cell lines that ful not to oversell the promise of this hind a bill that respects the diversity were already in existence. As an oppo- research to the American people be- of our views on human embryos, but nent of the destruction of human em- cause this field of research has not yet still pushes the science forward. The bryos, I opposed the Bush administra- resulted in human clinical trials. Every Isakson-Coleman legislation is such a tion decision to allow some embryonic reputable scientist will admit that any bill. stem cell lines to be used for Federal possible cure or advanced treatment A vote for or against S. 5 is not a research. using embryonic stem cells are many vote for or against scientific advances. However, S. 5 goes even further than years away. There are currently no After all, if we truly trust science, we the current policy by removing the cures waiting to be plucked off labora- ought to give science a chance to solve current limitations set by the Presi- tory shelves after our votes on these this dilemma over embryonic stem cell dent on federally funded embryonic bills. research. As outlined by the report stem cell research. The bill allows Fed- So, while the research provides great from the President’s Council on Bio- eral funds to be used for this type of re- hope for millions of Americans, at this ethics, researchers are exploring at search on embryos created for fertility point, the full benefits have not yet least five different ways by which we treatments. been realized. They fire our imagina- can create stem cell lines without This is the wrong direction for us to tion as we consider the possibilities harming or destroying embryos. If go. It is immoral for us to conduct that may or may not come to pass. these researchers are successful, then medical research on these budding Whether embryonic stem cells will ful- the arguments against Federal funding lives, and American taxpayers should fill their promise someday is still very of embryonic stem cell research will not be forced to pay for this type of re- much in question, and much work is al- fall away. search. Some people have argued that ready ongoing to see whether we can Further, States and private research these embryos are ‘‘excess’’ and will be get an answer. organizations are already plowing bil- destroyed anyway. I firmly believe that In this context, I want to further dis- lions of dollars into human embryonic we cannot create a human life and then cuss S. 5, the Stem Cell Research En- stem cell research that goes beyond the destroy it in order to save a life. Ethi- hancement Act of 2007. A similar bill parameters of President Bush’s policy. cally, it is unjustifiable. was passed the House on January 11, Let those efforts continue, while we In fact, it is important to remember 2007, by a vote of 253 to 174. S. 5 would continue working in Congress to sup- that embryonic stem cell research is allow additional research on embryos port stem cell research that doesn’t in- not illegal. There are just limitations from in vitro fertilization procedures, volve harming or destroying an em- on the Federal funding for it. Anyone under some limited circumstances. bryo, which is something that the vast can conduct embryonic stem cell re- However, even in these rather limited majority of Americans could support. search. They just have to live by the circumstances, I must oppose S. 5, be- Mr. BUNNING. Mr. President, I federal regulations or rely on other cause the limits it imposes on tax- would like to take a few minutes to sources of money. payer-funded science do not respect the talk about the two bills before us today The other bill we are considering moral value of a human embryo. It dealing with stem cell research. today, S. 30, the Hope Offered Through does not fully recognize our decision One of these bills is wrong, while the Principled and Ethical Stem Cell Re- within Dickey-Wicker and other con- other offers us a chance to advance sci- search Act, offers us an opportunity to

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4347 further stem cell research in an mor- the same respect as any other human throughs. The use of amniotic fluid and ally defensible manner. The bill would being and it is never morally or ethi- placental stem cells has much of the allow stem cells to be derived from em- cally justified to kill one human being same potential that embryonic stem bryos that die naturally, and reinforces in order to help benefit another. It is cells have, but they are not as con- the current policy that federally fund- for this reason that I cannot support troversial. S. 30 provides resources to ed research should not involve destroy- the use of human embryonic material further research in the area of adult ing or discarding embryos. for research even if it has the potential stem cell research. Because of the em- This bill provides access to embry- to save others. I cannot accept the di- phasis on adult stem cell research, I onic stem cells, but protects human minished status of the human embryo support S. 30 and will vote in favor of life and avoids the ethical pitfalls of S. in order to justify their destruction in S. 30 later today. 5. It seems to me that we should all be the course of research solely because I not only understand the need for able to support this bill. It places rea- they may theoretically provide poten- scientific advancement, but also for sonable restrictions on additional em- tial benefits for another human being ethical boundaries. We should not be bryonic stem cell research, while also sometime in the future. using Federal dollars to drive abortion, protecting human life. I urge my col- I want to make it clear that my eth- when there are alternative opportuni- leagues to support this bill. ical problem is not with the research ties for scientific advancement that No one likes to see people with med- itself but rather with the destruction are not as contentious. ical conditions suffer, and like many of embryos. I believe there is potential Mr. KYL. Mr. President, we live in an Americans my family and friends have for advances in stem cell research that age when medical miracles are occur- certainly been stricken with terrible does not involve the moral dilemma of ring every day, many in my home diseases over the years. However, we destroying an embryo in the process. It State of Arizona. Breakthroughs are are at an ethical crossroads with this is for this reason that I support S. 30, treating and curing children and adults issue, and we must stay true to our val- The Hope Offered through Principled who could have died from their diseases ues of respecting life. and Ethical Stem Cell Research, HOPE, just a few years ago. And some of these It seems foolish to barrel ahead with Act. cures and treatments are the result of Federal funding for embryonic stem The HOPE Act will advance alternate stem cell research. cell research as S. 5 does, when other forms of stem cell research by inten- For example, thanks to the Cord alternatives are available that offer sifying research on methods that do Blood Registry located in Tucson, chil- real hope to patients and promise in re- not involve the destruction of human dren and adults are being treated, and search. embryos. This bill instructs the Sec- often cured, of once terminal diseases In closing, I firmly believe that we retary of Health and Human Services such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, cer- cannot create life and then destroy it, to develop techniques for the isolation, ebral palsy, and sickle-cell anemia. even if to save another life. I urge my derivation, production, and testing of And these are just a handful of the 72 colleagues to vote against S. 5, and stem cells, provided that such tech- diseases that have undergone clinical vote for S. 30. niques do not involve the creation of trials or been treated using stem cells Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I rise human embryos for research purposes; obtained from bone marrow and umbil- today in opposition to S. 5, the Stem or the destruction or discarding of, or ical cord blood. Cell Research Enhancement Act of risk of injury to, a human embryo. Re- I favor the broadest possible effort to 2007. Although I am not opposed to search that can benefit others without pursue promising medical technologies stem cell research and in fact enthu- the destruction of human life is in my within appropriate ethical limits. Sci- siastically support some types of stem opinion the best path forward. entists have derived stem cells from cell research, I cannot support this bill. Scientists have shown they have the two principal sources: the tissues, This is a very difficult vote for me to skill and ability to pursue the poten- fluids, and organs of adults, and cells cast. I have spent a considerable tial benefits of stem cell research with- from human embryos. Human embry- amount of time thinking about the out endangering human life in the onic stem cells have only been ob- issue of Federal funding for stem cell process. I support these alternative ap- tained through a process that destroys research involving the destruction of proaches because I truly believe that the embryo. embryos. Over the last several years, they have the potential to help people In the last Congress, we passed, and scientific developments in human ge- while still maintaining ethical guide- the President signed into law, the netics have been proceeding at a rapid lines. This is the best way to allow Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research pace. This kind of research has the po- Federal science-research on stem cells Act of 2005. This legislation was in- tential to be very helpful in the under- without offending the beliefs of mil- tended to spur additional advances by standing of human development and lions of Americans. establishing an infrastructure to facili- the treatment of human diseases. How- Mr. ALLARD. Mr. President, I rise tate the collection and dissemination ever, this type of research also raises today to clarify my position on stem of two of the most promising cat- serious ethical and public policy ques- cell research. As a veterinarian I un- egories of adult stem cells: those de- tions that must be confronted. What derstand the need for research and sci- rived from bone marrow and those de- limits do we place on research with entific advancement. Current law does rived from umbilical cord blood. Based human embryos? not prohibit any sort of stem cell re- on reports in the media over the past 2 Experimentation with embryonic search. In fact, all forms of stem cell weeks, I would say this bill has been a stem cells is considered by some to be research have flourished under current success. a revolution in medical research. Many law. For example, the New York Times re- in the medical, public and scientific I can not and will not support legisla- ported on a coming revolution to communities believe that embryonic tion that would drive abortion. There- sports medicine from adult stem cells stem cell research could lead to the fore I cannot support S. 5. This legisla- that could be able to heal and rehabili- cure for such sicknesses as Parkinson’s tion would allow for Federal dollars to tate tendons, ligaments, muscle and disease, Alzheimer’s and diabetes. How- be used to incentivize the further de- cartilage. ever, human embryos must be destruction of human embryos for re- More significantly, ABC News re- stroyed in order to derive embryonic search purposes. I do not support this ported that adult stem cells are being stem cells and this is where my ethical use of Federal funds. I will not oppose shown to be useful in repairing dam- dilemma arises. private industry from doing embryonic aged heart muscle. While this has been It is my deeply held and personal be- stem cell research, but it would be very known for some time in other coun- lief that an embryo is an actual living irresponsible to use Federal taxpayer tries, U.S. doctors and scientists are being; it is not merely a potential liv- dollars to fund such a contentious now embarking on the first human ing human being. The possibility of issue. clinical trials. This may turn out to be helping those who are sick may be a Science is advancing. Over the past one of the most significant break- very powerful motivation, but I strong- weeks and months research using adult throughs in recent history for treating ly believe that human embryos deserve stem cells has had many break- the most deadly disease in the United

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 States—heart disease—which last year tion offered by Senators COLEMAN and facing impediments, save for the fact claimed the lives of almost 500,000 ISAKSON. Their leadership has brought most of us would like to see greater Americans. to the floor a bill that would build on progress in biomedical research fund- What’s more, a recent study con- the research that is treating patients ing—and stop the erosion of the budg- ducted by the Wake Forest University now. This legislation would direct the ets of the National Institutes of School of Medicine promisingly re- Department of Health and Human Health. sulted in scientists harvesting stem Services to seek out alternative Yet since no impediment exists to cells from amniotic fluid, which is the sources of stem cells and to study the the work described this first bill de- fluid that surrounds a baby before it is possibility of establishing an amniotic scribes, this legislation is—despite its born. These amniotic stem cells offer and placental stem cell bank, similar positive aspects—a distraction from a many of the benefits found in embry- to the bone marrow and cord blood crucial question. That is, whether we onic stem cells, and without its ethical stem cell bank, while reaffirming a pol- will continue to impede progress in complications, demonstrating just how icy that prohibits research that de- human embryonic stem cell research. much faster science is moving than stroys human life. The problem is, that while scientists politics. Those researchers at Wake We can all agree: stem cell research are tackling stem cell research on mul- Forest found that amniotic-fluid stem holds promise and has already provided tiple fronts, to ensure success they try cells proved successful in producing life-saving treatments and cures. And to predict the path most likely to be bone, heart muscles, fat, nerve, and we should continue to support that re- successful. In that regard, we know liver tissues. All of this was possible search within appropriate ethical re- that embryonic stem cells have the po- without destroying the nascent life in strictions. I urge my colleagues to op- tential to develop into any cell type of an embryo. pose S. 5 and support S. 30. the body. That is why scientists have By contrast, embryonic stem cell ex- Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I rise sought to use them in their race to cre- periments have not yielded any treat- today to speak to an issue of tremen- ate cures. ments for human patients. Neverthe- dous significance to countless Ameri- Today, Federal funding for research less, researchers believe there is much cans and to generations to come—the is restricted to a small number of em- potential there, so a great deal of pri- matter of stem cell research. I thank bryonic stem cell ‘‘lines’’ that were es- vate and public money has been raised the majority leader for his efforts to tablished prior to August 9, 2001. Unfor- to pursue it. ensure consideration of stem cell legis- tunately, only 19 of those 78 stem cell In 2001, the President issued an Exec- lation. The bottom line is, there is re- lines in existence are available to re- utive order that made available for the search we should be conducting today searchers, as many were found to be first time Federal funding for embry- that could help us treat—and in some contaminated or otherwise unusable. onic stem cell research using embryos cases cure—some of our most serious We recognize today that even when a that had already been destroyed. In the diseases. That is why two-thirds of stem cell line is created, it simply can- subsequent 6 years, the Federal Gov- Americans favor embryonic stem cell not reproduce indefinitely. ernment has spent more than $130 mil- research and why I am an original co- So, many scientists are frustrated, lion on this type of stem cell research sponsor of the Stem Cell Research En- are perplexed that a Federal funding and has spent more than $2.5 billion on hancement Act. restriction would essentially block all stem cell-related research. The promise of stem cell research their efforts to develop cures. Some In 2006, the Senate considered legisla- lies in the simple fact that embryonic have proposed they should use adult tion that would have overturned a key stem cells have the unique potential to stem cells. Yet those involve a detour element of the current policy: the stip- develop into any of the cells which in the journey to a cure. ulation that Federal taxpayers’ money could be needed to treat the multitude We know that in order to use embry- cannot provide an incentive for the fur- of diseases from which Americans suf- onic stem cells to make cells which can ther destruction of human embryos. fer. The vast potential of stem cell be used to treat a disease—like diabe- While this bill was approved by Con- therapy is key to future therapies betes—scientists must learn how to make gress, it was later vetoed by the Presi- cause in so many diseases, cells in the the cell become the right type. But an dent. body are damaged or destroyed, and adult stem cell is actually already I voted against this legislation be- their role is often irreplaceable. Stem somewhat specialized, so one cannot di- cause I believe that taxpayers should cells offer an opportunity to actually rectly use them to produce many of the not have to subsidize the destruction of replace the function which was lost. types of cells we need to produce new nascent human life, especially when a Consider today that 20 million Amer- therapies. Some advocates of adult number of State governments and large icans live with diabetes. Despite treat- stem cell research say we could try to universities have directed significant ment with drugs and insulin, many dia- take such a stem cell and reverse its resources to embryonic stem cell re- betics experience vision loss, injury to development—back to an embryonic search. Since there are already billions extremities, heart disease and other stage—and then begin the task to de- of dollars available for embryonic stem complications. For years, scientists velop it into the specialized cell re- cell research on lines from newly de- have sought to find a cure. And today quired. It is as if you were driving stroyed embryos, increases in Federal stem cells offer that potential to end down an interstate on a trip, took an funding and a change in the Federal dependence on insulin—freeing mil- exit, made a few turns, and then de- policy are not necessary. lions from diabetes. cided to back up—in reverse—all the S. 5, which we are debating today, In many diseases, there simply is not way to the interstate in an attempt to and which is similar to legislation alan effective therapy to replace the try another destination. This is not an ready passed by the House, is essen- function which individuals lost or dam- efficient way to get where you are tially the same legislation as that the aged cells can no longer provide. Today going. And any scientist will tell you, President vetoed last year. There is there are limited treatment options for the more steps you must take, the one difference: added to S. 5 is legisla- brain disorders such as Parkinson’s dis- more chance there is that something tion that was passed unanimously by ease and ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease. simply won’t work. this body last year—the Alternative For such diseases, stem cell therapies Recently some have proposed that Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies En- offer promise that we could alleviate scientists could use other types of hancement Act. I supported that legis- the suffering that millions now experi- cells. We have learned recently about lation, which was not passed by the ence. stem cells which are found in amniotic other body. However, that very posi- This week the Senate is considering fluid—‘‘amniotic stem cells’’—which tive legislation is attached to legisla- two bills. The first of these promotes also appear to have potential to de- tion I cannot support because it would stem cell research. It encourages re- velop into different types of tissues. force taxpayers to subsidize the de- search which is already underway— This is an encouraging development, struction of nascent life. which is eligible today for both private yet much remains to be learned about Thankfully, S. 30 is also being consid- and public funding. And while that re- those cells. The leader of the research ered today. I fully support this legisla- search should be encouraged, it is not group which has just described these

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4349 cells—Anthony Atala—was recently given and used to help medical that we are preventing the advance- asked whether his research ends the ar- progress. ment of important science that could gument over whether embryonic stem I believe many Americans who have potentially impact millions of suf- cells are needed. He answered that undergone fertility treatment and real- fering Americans. The study of stem question simply: ized a gift of life in their families will cells holds enormous promise for the It does not, mainly because it’s another opt to save lives through a donation treatment of debilitating and life- stem cell choice. And I think you really which promises to save many lives. But threatening diseases. However, in order can’t tell which cell is going to be best for it must always be individual con- to reach this level of medical achieve- which indication, and all cells have advan- science that is the determinative fac- ment, much more research is necessary tages and disadvantages. tor—and I respect the views and con- to understand, and eventually harness, That is truly the statement of a sci- science of each and every individual on the amazing potential of stem cells. In- entist. Because we do not yet know this matter. stead of creating roadblocks, we must about the full potential of these alter- There can be no doubt that stem cell all work together to expand Federal natives to embryonic stem cells. But research will move forward. The real funding of stem cell research and con- we do know that embryonic stem cells question is whether our Nation will be tinue moving forward in our fight can develop into any type of cell. That engaged—whether our scientists will against disease by advancing our is why losing years in which we could realize the breakthroughs—whether we knowledge through science and medi- have made progress is so tragic. There will produce the treatments or whether cine. is so much that scientists have yet to those developments will draw our best Each year, 100,000 Americans will de- learn, and while we always hope for minds and new medical investment velop Alzheimer’s disease, with im- quick cures, experience shows that abroad, where American vision and paired memory, ability to understand, medical breakthroughs typically result oversight will not influence the future and judgment. Over 1 million adults from years of concentrated effort—and of medicine. will be diagnosed with diabetes this we cannot wait any longer to embark I believe in stem cell research. I be- year, and risk complications that in- on that journey. lieve in it because I cannot look at a clude blindness, damaged nerves, and person suffering from a debilitating, That is why I am a cosponsor of the loss of kidney function. We all know or and even fatal disease and support pro- second bill which we are considering— have met individuals with spinal cord hibitions which impede ethical re- the Stem Cell Research Enhancement injuries, including national celebrities, search aimed at alleviating of that suf- Act. This legislation addresses the crit- local war heroes, and loved ones from fering. That is why I joined with my ical issue which has inhibited research our own families and circles of friends, colleagues in the Senate in urging here in the U.S.—the restriction of who are struggling to maintain mobil- President Bush to ease the current re- Federal funding to only those few stem ity and independence. strictions on the use of stem cells so cell lines which were in existence back For most of our history, medicine that research can move forward and in 2001. Our legislation would ensure has offered little hope of recovery to lives could be saved. That is why I am that Federal research would only use the 100 million individuals affected by a sponsor of this legislation. It is why stem cells from embryos which would these and other devastating illnesses I urge my colleagues to give that bill otherwise be destroyed and would re- and injuries. their support. This is the bill which quire full consent from the donor be- Until now. fore coming into use. I thank Senators will make a difference. I urge the Recent developments in stem cell re- President to reconsider this issue, and SPECTER and HARKIN for their leader- search may hold the key to improved ship on embryonic stem cell research. urge his support. treatments, if not cures, for those af- I think back to President Reagan’s The legislation which they have fected by Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, passing nearly 3 years ago, and remem- championed sets a very constrained set spinal cord injury, and countless other ber the outpouring of concern we all of circumstances under which embry- conditions. had for our former President, and the onic stems cells may be obtained in Many men, women, and children who First Lady and their entire family. We order to assure we can move this vital are cancer survivors are already famil- spoke much of the tragedy of Alz- research forward within an ethical iar with the lifesaving applications of heimer’s disease and how we must do framework. Never will an embryo be adult stem cell research. Patients with more to alleviate the suffering. Nancy created for research purposes, nor does leukemia or lymphoma often undergo Reagan inspired us all with her cour- this legislation facilitate such studies. bone marrow transplants, a type of age—and inspires us no less in her call This legislation assures that an em- stem cell transplant, which can signifi- for research which could alleviate the bryo may be used only when it would suffering from so many diseases. Her cantly prolong life or permanently get not ever be used for infertility treat- recent words call out to us, ‘‘A lot of rid of the cancer. This therapy has ment. Donation must be voluntary, time is being wasted . . . A lot of peo- been used successfully for decades, and under full informed consent and no fi- ple who could be helped are not being is saving lives every day. Yet this breakthrough has its serious nancial or other inducement may be helped.’’ given. I cannot think of a more significant limitations. Adult stem cells, such as The fact is that fertility treatment living memorial to our former Presi- those used in bone marrow transplants, has allowed many to have families dent than to allow more research to be can only be collected in small quan- whom otherwise could not. A condone in order to find new cures for dis- tities, may not be a match for the pa- sequence of this remarkable therapy is eases affecting millions of people. tient, which can lead to rejection, and that some embryos are created which Today I ask my colleagues to con- have limited ability to differentiate or will not be used. I must note that sider allowing individuals—who have transform into specialized cells. under the Stem Cell Research Enhance- through modern medical science, en- Similarly, the promising advances of ment Act, it will be the couple who joyed a gift of life, to contribute to stem cell use from a patient’s own cord will—under no bias—decide whether saving other lives. That is exactly blood, as illustrated by the success sto- they will be used. This legislation fa- what this legislation does, and that is ries of Dr. Joanne Kurtzberg from cilitates that donation. why we must send this bill to the Duke University, also have their limi- Today Americans who have faced fer- President and he must sign it. tations. If, for example, a young cord tility problems are facing the question Mr. OBAMA. Mr. President, I stand blood recipient’s condition should dete- of what to do with unused embryos. In- in full support of the Stem Cell Re- riorate after his or her initial treat- definite storage is not truly an op- search Enhancement Act as I did when ment or should develop another illness, tion—we know that we cannot main- this bill was introduced and sent to the there simply are not enough cord blood tain the viability of these embryos in- President’s desk in the 109th Congress. cells left for a second use. The few re- definitely. So given the choices avail- I am proud to be an original cosponsor maining cells would have to be cloned able, some couples see the potential to of this bill. to get enough cells for future treat- help those suffering from serious dis- I am frustrated by the opposition ment, or stem cells would have to be ease. It assures that this gift can be this bill has generated and saddened obtained from another source.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Two of my constituents, Mary My hope, and the hope of so many in by experts at the National Center for Schneider and her son Ryan, are well this country, is to provide our re- Regenerative Medicine in my home- aware of the potential of cord blood searchers with the means to explore town of Cleveland, OH. Several institu- treatments. Her son, diagnosed with the uses of embryonic stem cells so tions make up the center, including cerebral palsy at 2 years of age, has that we can begin to turn the tide on Case Western Reserve University, the made what appears to be a full recov- the devastating diseases affecting our Cleveland Clinic, University Hospitals ery after treatment with his own cord Nation and the world. Case Medical Center, Athersys, Inc., blood. Despite the compelling results Mr. VOINOVICH. Mr. President, I and the Ohio State University. To- witnessed by the Schneider family, rise today to speak about the emo- gether they have created an out- they also firmly believe and support tional, divisive, and often confusing standing medical facility that is lead- expanded research of embryonic stem issue of stem cell research. Let me ing the Nation in the use of nonembry- cells to combat disease. start by expressing why I believe we onic stem cells to regenerate new tis- A recent scientific paper about stem should focus our scarce resources on sues in diseased organs rather than cells derived from amniotic fluid has adult and umbilical cord stem cells using drugs or devices to improve the drawn much attention. While this of- rather than on embryonic stem cells. function of the organs. fers an exciting alternative to regen- Given the tremendous results that Since 1976, researchers at the center erative medicine therapies, the author have come from adult and umbilical have been studying nonembryonic stem of that report, Dr. Anthony Atala, has cord stem cell therapy in the areas of cells, and they performed their first himself urged that his work on oncology and orthopedics—and, more stem cell transplant as early as 1980. amniotic stem cells will not replace recently, in cardiology and neurology— Today, the center is capable of con- the continued need for investigation I am further encouraged by the possi- ducting clinical trials with cord blood into treatments with stem cells derived bilities these noncontroversial, adult stem cells for gene therapy and for from embryos. stem cells have to offer. In this tight heart and blood vessel repair. Inves- All of these alternative treatments budgetary environment, in which there tigators at the center are now able to are just that, alternatives, and are not is a choke hold on our domestic discre- cure leukemia and lymphomas with substitutes for embryonic stem cell re- tionary spending, we must be vigilant nonembryonic stem cell transplan- search. in the way we appropriate taxpayer tation, as well as repair unstable bone Embryonic stem cells can be ob- dollars and concentrate our resources fractures and treat genetic disorders. tained from a number of sources, in- on those lines of medical research that I have had the chance to meet several cluding in vitro fertilization. At this hold the greatest potential. patients whose lives have been trans- very moment, there are over 400,000 Furthermore, in recent years, sci- formed by this new medicine. embryos being stored in over 400 facili- entists have made tremendous strides Elisabeth, who was a patient at the Na- ties throughout the United States. The in designing methods to obtain fully tional Center, was in a motorcycle ac- majority of these are reserved for infer- pluripotent stem cells that have the cident and had compound fractures in tile couples. However, many of these flexibility of embryonic stem cells, her right femur and right tibia. Even embryos will go unused, destined for while avoiding the destruction of though she was rushed into emergency permanent storage in a freezer or dis- human embryos. The potential to ex- surgery after the accident, her bones posal. We should expand and accelerate tract these versatile stem cells in an did not heal properly, and she was told research using these embryos, just as ethically sound manner, coupled with she would never walk again. Elisabeth we should continue to explore the via- my interest in seeing further research sought out a second opinion from a bility of adult stem cell use, cord blood in the area of adult and umbilical cord doctor at the National Center who op- use, and amniotic fluid use. stem cells, is why I rise to support S. erated a second time, using some of his The promise of embryonic stem cells 30, the HOPE Act. adult stem cell gel. This gel takes on has come to light in a recent achieve- Before I delve into a discussion of the the characteristics of the surrounding ment by researchers at Johns Hopkins. two bills this body is considering, let bone cells and helps with the healing of They were able to repair damaged me clarify that there are two different broken bones. I am happy to report, nerves and restore mobility in para- categories of stem cells—and, thus, of Elisabeth is now walking, living a lyzed rats through embryonic stem stem cell research. The first, embry- healthy life, and pursuing a future in cells. One can’t help but wonder when, onic stem cells—as their name sug- physical therapy at the Ohio State not if, this research will be translated gests—are derived from human em- University. into techniques that will help human bryos developed from eggs that have Elisabeth is not alone. patients who have lost the ability to been fertilized at an in vitro fertiliza- I recently visited the National Center walk. tion clinic. Alternatively, adult stem for Regenerative Medicine, and I had Of course, any work in this area must cells are undifferentiated cells found the chance to meet Ashley. Ashley is 8 have appropriate oversight. Embryonic among differentiated cells in tissues or years old and was successfully treated stem cell research demands com- organs. These cells can renew them- for her leukemia at Rainbow Babies prehensive, thoughtful, and carefully selves and eventually develop into a and Children’s Hospital of University crafted ethical and scientific guide- specific cell in the body. What is nota- Hospitals Case Medical Center. She was lines. We must not only look to guid- ble, however, is that these undifferen- first diagnosed with acute lymphatic ance from the National Institutes of tiated adult stem cells can be gathered leukemia, ALL, in January 2006, and Health and the Food and Drug Admin- by scientists without any harm to the she underwent a stem cell transplant istration but also to our reason, our individual donor. from an unrelated donor in June 2006. morals, and our compassion. Umbilical cord blood derived from a But since her transplant, Ashley has The President’s veto of the stem cell mother’s placenta following the birth done wonderfully. bill proposed in the last Congress pre- of a newborn baby is now also included Even more encouraging is the poten- vents Government funding beyond 78 in this category of adult stem cells. In tial for scientists to leverage all this previously established stem cell lines. fact, with the arrival of my seventh great medicine into new fields, includ- However, recent estimates on the num- grandchild, I learned a great deal about ing cardiology and neuroscience. Re- ber of viable cell lines bring the num- the benefits of preserving cord blood searchers at the National Center for bers down closer to 20. Clearly, we are stem cells. What at one time was con- Regenerative Medicine are hopeful that moving backward in our efforts with sidered medical waste and discarded in the not so distant future they will these current restrictions. Stymieing after birth is now recognized as a rich make inroads in the treatment of de- embryonic stem cell research is a step supply of stem cells and has been used generative arthritis, will decrease the in the wrong direction. It closes the to treat a number of blood and im- severity of graft versus host disease door on many Americans awaiting new mune-system diseases, cancers, and after stem cell transplantation, and treatments that could potentially pro- other physical disorders. will allow physicians to use a patient’s vide a better quality of life or, perhaps, I was introduced to the promise of own stem cells to repair heart damage even save their life. adult and umbilical stem cell research following congestive heart failure, as

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4351 well as use their own neural stem cells I believe it is my moral responsi- in the water and greatly admires the to improve function after spinal cord bility to direct the Federal Govern- size and shape of his beautiful horns, damage. ment’s dollars toward research that all the while thinking that his feet are I am concerned, however, that not has the greatest near-term potential to too slender and too weak. Just as he is enough Americans are aware that some help the largest number of Americans. looking at his reflection, a lion appears of the most advanced medicine today Over the past several years, Congress at the pond. The stag sees the lion in can be attributed to adult—and not has increased total NIH funding for the water and runs as fast as he can to embryonic—stem cells. What I find medical research—including increasing safety. As he enters the woods, though, even more disturbing is that many sup- the amount of money available for his horns get tangled in the tree porters of embryonic stem cell re- stem cell research—from $15.1 billion branches, and the lion catches up to search have been kept in the dark in fiscal year 1999 to $28.9 billion in him. Finally, at that moment, the stag about the advances of umbilical and 2007. However, in recent years the cost realizes that it was his feet that could adult stem cell treatments and have of fighting the war in Iraq, defending have saved him and his antlers that led been over-sold on embryonic stem cell our homeland, and protecting against to his demise. research, which is still in its infancy. natural disasters like Hurricane The moral of the story is: What is I want to remind my colleagues who Katrina has left very few resources for most truly valuable is often under- support the Stem Cell Research En- domestic discretionary spending. In rated. I think the same is true on the hancement Act that embryonic cells fact, today, the Federal Government subject of stem cell research. We have have not been successfully used to spends only one-sixth of its annual been so focused on what we perceive to treat even one disease yet I have had budget on nondefense discretionary be the future of medical research that the opportunity to meet numerous peo- spending, and I am afraid that explod- we have been willing to overlook suc- ple whose lives have been saved by ing entitlement spending threatens to cessful treatments and therapies that adult stem cell therapy. In fact, adult soak up every Federal dollar, leaving are already taking place right under stem cells have been used to treat 72 no revenue for things like scientific re- our noses. diseases, including breast cancer, mul- search. There is a tremendous need to In light of all the advances and re- tiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pursue treatments for many diseases, sults science has provided with adult sickle cell anemia, spinal cord injuries, but we face a reality of limited fund- and umbilical cord stem cells, I urge and others. That is why I continue to ing. my colleagues to direct Federal fund- be encouraged by the possibilities adult We have to be smart about spending ing toward research that will have the stem cells have to offer. our money. In the current budget envi- greatest near-term impact on human In recent years, medical research has ronment, I have concerns that increas- life. made tremendous strides, and it is now ing funding for research on embryonic Mr. KOHL. Mr. President, I rise widely believed that new technology stem cells will take away opportunities today in support of S. 5, the Stem Cell can lead to methods of obtaining fully for research in areas like adult and um- Research Enhancement Act of 2007, a pluripotent stem cells that have the bill that will expand the number of flexibility of embryonic stem cells bilical research that has proven its stem cell lines eligible for federally without destroying potential life. That ability to save human lives—or even funded research, ensuring scientists at is why I rise today to support S. 30, the for new techniques to help us remove NIH and laboratories around the coun- HOPE Act. pluripotent stem cells without destroy- Despite all this progress, scientists ing human embryos. try have access to new, uncontami- around the world agree that there is I have the greatest sympathy for pa- nated stem cell lines. still a great deal that remains un- tients and their families who continue Many families in America have expe- known about the potential for stem to struggle with a wide range of fatal rienced the tragedy of watching a loved cell therapy. That is why I support this diseases. I understand what it is like to one suffer through a deadly or debili- legislation introduced by my col- watch a loved one suffer and the trag- tating illness. Diseases like Parkin- leagues from Minnesota and Georgia edy of losing a member of your fam- son’s and Alzheimer’s take a terrible that can help us tap even more poten- ily—especially a young child. I lost my toll on families’ lives and livelihoods. tial cures and therapies. father to diabetes and my young neph- While we have made great strides in The HOPE Act would continue to en- ew C.T.—who was only 14—to bone can- biomedical research in recent years, we courage Federal research on adult and cer. Like many here today, I have been still don’t have all the keys to unlock umbilical cord stem cell therapies that a witness to the devastating effects of the secrets of disease. are already proving successful, while Alzheimer’s, arthritis, and many other That is why the potential of embry- requiring the Secretary of Health and debilitating diseases. That is why I am onic stem cells is so exciting. Embry- Human Services to develop techniques sympathetic with my colleagues’ ef- onic stem cells have the ability to de- to identify and derive pluripotent stem forts to seek out a panacea. But I fear velop into virtually any cell type in cells that have the flexibility of embry- that too often proponents of embryonic the human body. Scientists tell us that onic stem cells without destroying a stem cell research make exaggerated harnessing the power of these cells human embryo. There is evidence that claims about this line of research and could one day lead to new treatments, these alternative methods may make it offer false promises when the evidence and maybe even cures, for a number of easier for scientists to genetically is just not there. diseases that afflict American families. match patients with therapies and I read a great op-ed in The Wash- Important research is being done every could reduce the complications, like ington Post by Charles Krauthammer— day on stem cells. I am proud that tumor formation, that have been seen who has long supported legal abortions some of this research is being done at with embryonic stem cells. and doesn’t believe that life begins at the University of Wisconsin in Madi- The HOPE Act would also require the conception—in which he issued a stern son, which was the first to isolate Secretary to prioritize stem cell re- warning against pursuing embryonic human embryonic stem cells. search that will reap near-term clinical stem cell research. As he said, he has a We all understand that this research benefit and take into account the find- very healthy respect for ‘‘the human is not without controversy. I respect ings of the President’s Council on Bio- capacity for doing evil in pursuit of the concerns that some people have ethics along with other appropriate good.’’ And, that is exactly what I see about the use of embryonic stem cells techniques and research. It is my hope happening in this Chamber today. Too in research, and I agree that we must that this type of progress will help many of my colleagues are focused ex- closely monitor this research to ensure eliminate the controversy surrounding clusively on embryonic stem cell re- that it is done ethically. However, sci- embryonic stem cell research without search, and they are missing potential entists and disease advocates are warn- any compromise of scientific advance- that is right under their noses. ing us that the current limits on Fed- ment. This legislation paves a path for- I am reminded of Aesop’s fable, ‘‘The eral funding for stem cell research are ward for Federal scientists, while re- Stag at the Pool,’’ in which a stag seriously inhibiting our potential to specting the principles and morals of stops at a spring to drink some water. find new cures. Without expanded Fed- millions of taxpayers. He looks down at his shadow reflected eral support, we risk slowing down the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4352 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 tremendous progress that could be day, these efforts may lead to cures embryos. This research shows some made to alleviate human suffering. and treatments for these devastating promise but only additional research It would be unconscionable for the diseases and conditions. At the same will tell whether it can lead to cures Federal Government to turn its back time, it is important and right to rec- and treatments, and we should embrace on the discoveries that expanding stem ognize the ethical and moral concerns the opportunity that would be afforded cell research promises. Now more than that have been raised by individuals in- under this legislation to determine the ever, it is important to grasp this op- side and outside of the medical re- research potential that might exist. portunity in an ethical manner by search community regarding one par- The United States offers an ideal cli- making sure that potentially lifesaving ticular type of stem cell research that mate for scientific and medical re- research keeps moving forward. involves embryonic stem cells. I be- search because of the quality of our Mr. AKAKA. Mr. President, I am lieve that these two bills will provide educational institutions, the strength proud to be a cosponsor of S. 5, the an appropriate framework for moving of our economy, and the scope of our Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act. stem cell research forward in a respon- comprehensive legal and regulatory We must enact this legislation so that sible way. system for protection of intellectual researchers are able to move forward We must create a framework for Fed- property rights. The guidelines and re- on ethical, federally funded research eral support of stem cell research now, quirements contained in S. 5 do not projects that develop better treatments since research involving embryonic exist currently, and this sort of embry- for those suffering from diseases. stem cells is also proceeding outside onic stem cell research remains largely Human embryonic stem cells have such the United States. While we have had a unregulated in the private sector and great potential because they have the robust and needed debate on the eth- in many scientific communities over- unique ability in developing into al- ical and moral concerns of embryonic seas. Enacting S. 5 would provide the most any type of cell or tissue in the stem cell research, as reflected by the Federal oversight necessary to ensure body. Stem cell research holds great President’s Commission on Bioethics, that embryonic stem cell research does promise to develop possible cures or the same cannot always be said of pri- not expand into ethically objectionable improved treatments for a wide range vate industry and scientific research ground in balancing the promise on the of diseases and injuries, such as diabe- communities in other parts of the foreseeable horizon of stem cell re- tes, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, Alz- world. I am deeply concerned where un- search with the protection of human heimer’s, autism, heart disease, spinal regulated research may lead us if re- life. cord injuries, and many other afflic- searchers are left without ethical and It should be clearly recognized that tions. We must not limit research that moral guidance and stringent regula- embryonic stem cell research will could improve the lives of so many suf- tions and oversight. occur with or without Federal approval fering from diseases that we have lim- It does not have to be that way. One and guidance. Keeping that in mind, I ited ability to prevent, treat, or cure. bill before us today, S. 5, is similar to believe embryonic stem cell research is In August 2001, the President imple- H.R. 810, a bill that I supported and best carried out under strict Federal mented an unworkable, flawed policy that passed the Senate on July 18, 2006. guidelines and oversight. With the lim- that made a small number of human S. 5 will provide the same strict ethical ited Federal support and stringent embryonic stem cell lines eligible. The guidelines for stem cell research that guidelines afforded under this legisla- President’s restrictions on stem cell re- the Senate supported last year. This tion, we can promote the benefits of search prevent Federal funds from bill would authorize Federal support stem cell research while maintaining being used for research on newer, more for embryonic stem cell research, but clearly our ethical and moral values promising stem cell lines. In addition, limits appropriately that support to and obligations, which we must never embryonic stem cell lines now eligible scientists who use embryos originally sacrifice at any price. for Federal funding are not genetically created for reproductive purposes, and Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I wish to diverse enough to realize the full thera- now frozen or slated for destruction by express my support for the bill before peutic potential of this research. The in vitro fertilization clinics. Before the Senate this week, S. 5, the Stem President’s stem cell policy prevents there is even consideration of whether Cell Research Enhancement Act of researchers from moving ahead in an to donate unused embryos for research, 2007. This legislation will put us on the area of research that is very promising. the legislation would require that the path of progress by reversing the Presi- We must enact this legislation to help patient who is the source of the em- dent’s policy a policy that is holding move research forward that could al- bryos be consulted and a determination back the promise of stem cell research. leviate the pain and suffering of indi- be made that these embryos would oth- It is unfortunate that the Congress viduals. erwise be discarded, and would never must even spend time debating this If we fail to enact S. 5, our research- have been implanted in the patient or measure. The majority of Americans ers are likely to fall further behind the another woman. support stem cell research, as does the work being done in other countries. S. 5 also provides support for alter- Director of the National Institutes of Australia, Canada, Finland, France, native stem cell research methods by Health, Dr. Elias Zerhouni. It has been Japan, Singapore, Sweden, and the offering increased Federal funding and 6 years since the President announced United Kingdom have provided sub- support for research that does not in- his administration’s restrictive policy stantial governmental support for stem volve the use of human embryos. Such on stem cell research, which limited cell research. alternative research was unanimously the number of stem cell lines available Too many of my constituents suffer supported in the Senate last July and for use with Federal funding. Now we from Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, diabe- deserves our full support again today. know that all of these lines are con- tes, and other diseases. S. 5 provides Researchers believe that this type of taminated by the use of mouse feeder some hope for the development of im- stem cell research holds tremendous cells, and they will probably never proved treatments that could improve potential and I strongly support their meet the standards required for human the lives of so many people. efforts. Millions of Americans affected treatment. Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I will by many diseases and conditions stand It is clear that, because of the Presi- vote in support of the two bills under to benefit from the future cures pro- dent’s policy, we are now years behind consideration today, S. 5 and S. 30, vided by this type of research. in developing therapies and cures for which would provide a framework for I am also supportive of the other diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s Federal support of stem cell research measure that is before us today, S. 30. and cancer. That is time that millions under strict guidelines and ethical cri- This bill will also offer increase Fed- of Americans simply do not have to teria. I supported similar legislative eral funding and support for adult stem waste. For millions of others, this proposals during the last Congress. cell research and other research that wasted time has dampened hope. Stem cell research has the potential does not involve the use of human em- Some families who hold out hope for to give us a better understanding of bryos. Additionally, S. 30 would allow the potential of stem cell research are deadly diseases and spinal cord injuries research to be performed on embryonic from Vermont. Many are either af- affecting millions of Americans. One stem cells taken from naturally dead flicted by, or know someone one who is

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4353 suffering from, multiple sclerosis, Par- son’s and juvenile diabetes so that we vances in adult stem cell research. kinson’s or Lou Gehrig’s disease. I have may one day find a cure. With each day There is no question that adult stem met these Vermonters, many of whom that has passed since the President ve- cells such as those found in bone mar- are advocating not for themselves, but toed this legislation, nearly 4,100 row and cord blood have led to great for future generations who they hope Americans were diagnosed with diabe- advances in patients suffering from will not endure the debilitating nature tes, 3,800 were diagnosed with cancer, leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, sickle of these diseases. and 160 were diagnosed with Parkin- cell anemia, among others. I was a co- There are others in Vermont who son’s. What we are talking about here author, along with Senator HATCH and know firsthand the good this research is research that may one day provide others, of a bill that is now law to ad- could bring. These are the scientific re- relief to the more than 100 million vance bone marrow and cord blood searchers at the University of Vermont Americans suffering from Parkinson’s, stem cell collection for use in adult and Dartmouth College who are doing diabetes, spinal cord injury, ALS, can- stem cell transplantation, and I believe groundbreaking work that needs the cer, and many other devastating condi- it is essential that we arm researchers support of our federal government to tions for which there is still no cure. and physicians with every possible be truly successful. These scientists The legislation we are about to vote therapeutic weapon in their medical know that the most viable method for on would expand the number of embry- arsenal. I urge my colleagues to join progress in research is to expand the onic stem cell lines available for feder- me in supporting full funding for this number of embryonic stem cell lines ally funded research by allowing the important law, which passed unani- that are available. use of stem cells derived through em- mously in the Senate, in the upcoming I would like to take a moment to bryos from in vitro fertilization clinics Labor-HHS-Education appropriations also address some of the myths per- that would otherwise be discarded. bill. petrated about what S. 5 will and will Strict ethical requirements apply to The fact remains that there will al- not do. Let us be clear: This bill will the use of these stem cell lines. In fact, ways be limits to the use of adult stem not allow Federal funds to be used for I believe these ethical requirements cells when compared with embryonic the destruction of human embryos. are one of the most essential provisions stem cells, and that is why the legisla- While Federal dollars can be used for of the bill. Since the HELP Committee tion before us is so important. Our Na- research on stem cell lines that are de- first began consideration of the Presi- tion’s best scientists, including many rived from human embryos, the cre- dent’s policy toward embryonic stem Nobel laureates, believe that embry- ation of these lines cannot be funded cell research in 2001, I have maintained onic stem cell research has a unique with Federal moneys. S. 5 will do noth- that the pursuit of scientific research potential to ease human suffering and ing to change this policy. that may benefit millions of Americans that is because embryonic stem cells, This legislation will also ensure that and their families was as important as unlike adult stem cells, can become Federal funding will be used only for ensuring that science did not outpace any cell in the body. Embryonic stem researching stem cells lines that are ethics. cells can become heart cells, lung cells, derived from human embryos that have Under this legislation, the only em- brain tissue, and that property—called been donated from in vitro fertilization bryonic stem cells that can be used for pluripotency—is unique to their em- clinics. The in vitro fertilization proc- federally funded research are those bryonic state. The expansion of embryonic stem ess creates more embryos than are that were derived through embryos cell research may one day unlock the needed, and the remaining embryos from in vitro fertilization clinics that mysteries behind so many deadly and will simply never be used. There are were created for fertility treatment debilitating diseases that afflict mil- more than 400,000 of these embryos that purposes and were donated for research lions of Americans and their families. I are frozen in fertility clinics, the ma- with the written, informed consent of urge the President to reconsider his po- jority of which will ultimately be de- the individuals seeking that treatment. sition on this legislation and not stand Any financial or other inducements to stroyed. in the way of our Nation’s scientists This week the Senate will vote on make this donation are prohibited. who simply want to find the key that two stem cell bills. While I support These embryos will never be implanted will ease the burden of suffering.∑ both, only one of these bills will take in a woman and would otherwise have Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, I wel- us solidly forward. The time for pas- been discarded. The ethical require- come the vote on this important piece sage of this legislation is now, and I ments contained in this bill are strong- of legislation, the Stem Cell Research urge the President not to veto this er than current law. In fact, it is pos- Enhancement Act of 2007. critical bill. sible that some of the 21 stem cell lines Stem cell research holds great hope I hope that the President will heed approved for Federal funding, the so- of providing cures for chronic, incur- the advice of his own chief medical recalled ‘‘NIH-approved lines,’’ may not able conditions from which millions of searcher in the United States, NIH Di- meet the strict ethical criteria con- Americans suffer. But unless we act, rector Dr. Zerhouni who, when he testi- tained in this bill. the Bush administration will continue fied before the Labor, Health and I have heard some of my colleagues to meet this unparalleled moment of Human Services Appropriations Sub- who oppose this legislation argue that scientific discovery with unbridled ide- committee, said that American science this legislation allows, even encour- ology—and the American people and would be better served, and the Nation ages, taxpayer-funded destruction of scientific community will pay the would be better served, if we let our human embryos. That is totally false. price. scientists have access to more cell There is a provision called the Dickey The President’s stem cell ban lines. amendment which is attached to every amounts to a ban on hope for millions As Congress is poised to send this annual Labor-HHS appropriations bill of Americans. It’s time this Congress legislation to the White House, I hope prohibiting any Federal funds from put an end to the Bush administration the President will take note of Dr. being used to destroy human embryos. policy which is holding science back Zerhouni’s remarks. I hope that he will This provision is not affected by the and holding our Nation back in the also listen to Congress and the millions embryonic stem cell legislation before race to new medical treatments and of Americans who believe that we the Senate today. Federal funds can be discoveries. should support all angles in stem cell used to study stem cell lines that were We all expect that this bipartisan research, and sign this bill. derived from human embryos that legislation will pass both the Senate ∑ Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I rise meet the ethical requirements I just and the House. There is a broad con- today in support of the Stem Cell Re- laid out, but the derivation process sensus in the Congress, among medical search Enhancement Act. In the com- itself cannot be paid for with Federal experts, scientists, and patient advo- ing hours, the Senate will vote to pass money. cacy organizations, and among the this bill like it did last year and unlock I have also heard some of my col- American people, demanding that we the door for researchers across the leagues who oppose this legislation open the doors to scientific innova- country to use embryonic stem cells to argue that embryonic stem cell re- tion—instead of barring those doors better understand diseases like Parkin- search is unnecessary given the ad- shut.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4354 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Even within the Bush administra- While American scientists are being As we wade into these new scientific tion, there is a desire to pursue stem held back, other countries are racing waters, we must always be steered by cell research. The Director of the Na- ahead, putting billions of dollars into our values and morals, which is why I tional Institutes of Health, Doctor stem cell science—creating research in- have stood against, and voted to ban, Elias Zerhouni, has gone on record sup- stitutions, clinical centers, and invest- human cloning. We must make a porting expanded access to new lines of ments of all kinds to attract scientists strong legal and ethical stand, but we embryonic stem cells. from the United States and elsewhere cannot simply stand still as scientific I am deeply concerned, however, that who will come to pursue this research. opportunity passes us by and new cures we have been down this road before a We are losing ground instead doing remain just out of reach. road that begins with the promise of what Americans do best: leading the I applaud the leadership of Senators new cures and ends, not with discovery, world in innovation, ingenuity, and HARKIN, SPECTER, and KENNEDY on this but with ideology and a veto by the new ideas. The Bush administration’s bill. I am hopeful that we can send the President. stem cell policy is impeding science Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act The promise of stem-cell science is and compromising America’s ability to to the President, and end the ban on crystal clear—and already being dem- remain at the forefront of biomedical research and hope for Americans look- onstrated. Embryonic stem cells de- research. ing to us to fund the next great med- velop into a variety of more specialized At the same time, the Bush ban is a ical discoveries. types of cells—like nerve cells or mus- ban that affects more than 100 million Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, as we cle tissue that could be used to replace Americans who suffer from Alzheimer’s debate this important legislation re- or repair tissue lost or damaged from disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, garding stem cell research, we are re- illness. muscular dystrophy, cancers as well as minded of the millions of patients and In New York, researchers at Memo- for their friends, families, and care- families across America who await rial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center givers. treatment and cures for our most dead- have been using embryonic stem cells These are real people I meet every ly and tragic diseases. Scientists be- to develop bone, cartilage or muscle re- day in New York and across the coun- lieve that over half of Americans over placement therapies. And in 2006, a try. It’s an adult with type I diabetes— 85 may suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, team of researchers from Columbia or a mom whose son or daughter has and at least half a million Americans University and another team from Cor- the disease. It’s a senior citizen strug- currently have Parkinson’s disease. nell published research on new ways of gling with Parkinson’s disease or a son People of all ages suffer from spinal turning embryonic stem cells into or daughter with a parent struggling cord injuries, diabetes and other chron- treatments for Parkinson’s disease. with Alzheimer’s. ic conditions. As we all know, these These are just several examples, but These are Americans crossing every kinds of serious diagnoses affect not the work of these scientists and sci- divide imaginable—hopeful if not for only the patient, but that patient’s entists around the world is inspiring themselves or their children, then for family, friends, and community. hope for millions in New York and the their grandchildren and great grand- I am a strong supporter and proud co- country living with chronic diseases, or children. My dear friends Christopher sponsor of the Stem Cell Research En- caring for a loved one with these condi- and Dana Reeve, whom we lost in the hancement Act. I have heard from tions. past several years, were eloquent, pas- many of my constituents in Wisconsin In fact, New York is leading the sionate advocates for this research. in support of this legislation, and I am way—letting science, not politics, Christopher, from his wheelchair, per- glad that the Senate is again address- guide research. My State will soon informed his greatest role after his acci- ing this issue and responding to the re- vest $600 million in stem-cell and re- dent, to try and bring the best of quests of millions across the country. generative medicine research over the American ingenuity to bear on the It is important that we approve this next decade. Thanks to this stem cell worst kinds of illnesses and diseases. legislation as expeditiously as possible, funding plan, New York researchers I respect my friends on the other side and provide the resources that sci- will benefit from expanded resources of the aisle who come to the floor with entists need to develop treatments and for all types of stem cell research, in- grave doubts and heartfelt concerns. cures for these diseases. Millions of pa- cluding embryonic stem cells, adult This is a balancing act and we must tients and their families across the Na- stem cells, and somatic cell nuclear never lose sight of our ethics and val- tion cannot afford to wait any longer transfer. And our economy will benefit ues. But we can strike that balance— for enactment of this urgently needed as well, as we draw great American sci- and I believe we have in this bill. legislation. entists and innovators pursuing the When the promise of embryonic stem Researchers believe that they can next great American scientific innova- cell research became apparent in the unlock enormous potential in stem cell tions. 1990s, the Clinton administration, research if Congress and the President This is encouraging news for New working through the National Bio- will only give them the keys. At the York, but as a Nation, the leadership ethics Advisory Commission and the University of Wisconsin in 1998, Dr. vacuum under the Bush administration NIH, examined the ethical and medical James Thomson became the first sci- has left the scientific community hold- issues involved with such research. entist to break into this new frontier ing its breath. The Bush administra- In September 1999, the National Bio- by isolating human embryonic stem tion has put a ban on certain kinds of ethics Advisory Commission released cells. Since then, researchers at the research, prohibiting Federal funding its report, ‘‘Ethical Issues in Human University have continued to be lead- for any research on stem cell lines cre- Stem Cells Research.’’ In this report, it ers in this science. But despite the inated after August 9, 2001. recommended that research using cells credible promise this research holds, it Federally-funded scientists are lim- from embryos created, but not used for, has been limited by the President since ited to less than 20 stem cell lines, in- infertility treatment, should be eligi- 2001. As others have noted, even Story stead of the 78 lines advertised. And ble to receive Federal funding. Landis, director of the NIH’s National not all of these lines are even suitable By August of 2000, the NIH had re- Institute of Neurological Disorders and for research. Some may be contami- leased guidelines for research using Stroke and interim chair of the agen- nated with mouse cells, which can in- stem cells. These guidelines would cy’s stem cell task force, acknowledges crease the risk of creating strains of have allowed funding for research from that the President’s stem cell policy is diseases which can more easily pass to lines derived from embryos voluntarily holding back potential breakthroughs. people. Other problems because of the donated which would have otherwise Congress must act to provide more ban include genetic instability, which been discarded. These recommenda- stem cell lines to scientists so that this is associated with formation of tumors, tions are followed in this bill, which research can go forward, without the and practical issues associated with also includes funding for non-embry- Federal Government standing in the using so few lines—preventing sci- onic stem cell research, such as work way. entists from collecting evidence they with stem cells derived from amniotic The Stem Cell Research Enhance- need. fluid. ment Act would allow federally funded

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4355 research to be conducted on stem cell on the notion of so-called ‘‘naturally stem cell lines without the creation of lines derived from excess embryos dead’’ embryos to provide viable stem human embryos for research purposes and originally created for in vitro fertiliza- cells. It defines these embryos as: without the destruction, discarding of, or risk of injury to a human embryo or embryos tion—IVF—that are no longer needed having naturally and irreversibly lost the other than those that are naturally dead.’’ and are donated by couples for re- capacity for integrated cellular division, S.30 relies on the false premise that sci- search. It is estimated that there are growth, and differentiation that is char- entists can determine whether a human em- hundreds of thousands of embryos cre- acteristic of an organism, even if some cells bryo is ‘‘naturally dead.’’ However, naturally ated for fertility treatments that could of the former organism may be alive in a dis- dead is a scientifically meaningless idea. To be used for research and will otherwise organized state. our knowledge, there is no scientifically be destroyed. This bill does not inter- credible way to determine this. In fact, we We do not know what the implica- think that to establish sufficiently precise fere with alternative stem cell re- tions of this definition may ultimately scientific or clinical standards about the search, but it supports all avenues of be. And the fact is, neither do many quality of embryos at the very early stages research within the ethical limits Con- scientists. As the leadership of The of development would require experiments gress has already established. This bill American Society for Cell Biology that the bill itself would not permit. will open doors for scientists to access wrote yesterday, It is critically important that the Senate proceed with caution as it continues its work new, healthy, uncontaminated stem Naturally dead is a scientifically meaning- cell lines that are currently off-limits in the area of science policy. Legislation less idea. To our knowledge, there is no sci- based on inaccurate science could have a det- to federally funded research under entifically credible way to determine this. rimental impact on the course of the Amer- President Bush’s restrictions. They continue: ican biomedical research enterprise. Not The embryos that could potentially only do we risk driving research and re- be used for research are those that will It is critically important that the Senate searchers to other countries more interested never be implanted. Thanks to this leg- proceed with caution as it continues its work in cutting edge research but we also delay islation, embryos that would otherwise in the area of scientific policy. Legislation the day when our fellow Americans who suf- be discarded could be used for research based on inaccurate science could have a det- fer from some of the most debilitating dis- rimental impact on the course of the Amer- that could save pain and suffering for eases finally realize the benefits of scientific ican biomedical research enterprise. research. millions of people, and the lives of mil- I ask unanimous consent that this Sincerely, lions more. BRUCE ALBERTS, While I support the Stem Cell Re- letter be printed in the RECORD. President. search Enhancement Act, I have con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without LARRY GOLDSTEIN, cerns about the other bill we are con- objection, it is so ordered. Chair, Public Policy Committee. sidering today, S. 30. The language in (See exhibit 1.). Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, today that bill has not been properly vetted Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I could not agree we made an important step forward for through the scientific community, and more. This debate should be about pro- the hope of millions of patients and it is unclear what effect it might have. viding Federal funding, and a con- their families. S. 30 could potentially limit the scope sistent policy, for embryonic stem cell Unfortunately, with this important of current research, even further re- research. It is not the place of the U.S. step forward, there was also a small stricting the availability of stem cells Senate to rely on concepts and defini- step backward. for federally funded research. For these tions that are ‘‘scientifically meaning- I had initially stated that I would reasons, I oppose this legislation. less.’’ vote in favor of S. 30, but after care- There is much work that needs to be The truly important vote will occur fully reviewing the language, I decided done to further understand the role on the passage of S. 5, the only legisla- to vote against it. that embryonic stem cells can play in tion that will reverse what the major- I will ask to have printed in the providing answers to some of the most ity of Americans, and the majority of RECORD a letter from the Joint Steer- troubling medical diseases and condi- the medical and scientific community ing Committee on Public Policy that tions that affect so many Americans. believe to be a flawed policy. supports S. 5 and opposes S. 30. The Stem Cell Research Enhancement S. 30 will very clearly leave in place The Joint Committee is a group Act will help our Nation’s researchers President Bush’s August 9, 2001 Execu- made up of the American Society for get closer to unlocking what this re- tive Order, which limits Federal fund- Cell Biology, the American Society for search holds by increasing the quantity ing to stem lines derived before that Clinical Investigation, the Genetics So- and quality of stem cells lines avail- date. We need to overturn this policy, ciety of America, Science Service, and able for research. not affirm it. the Society for Neuroscience. Embryonic stem cell research is very I urge my colleagues to join me in Many of us here believed that S. 30 was a harmless bill. important to me and to Wisconsin. I opposing S. 30. After all, it is an initiative that am proud that the University of Wis- EXHIBIT 1 would show we are supportive of all consin has played a prominent role in THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CELL BIOLOGY, forms of embryonic stem cell research. stem cell research in this country. I And I believe that some still feel that know that my constituents, and Amer- Bethesda, MD, April 10, 2007. Hon. HARRY REID, way. icans across the country, are eagerly Senate Majority Leader, U.S. Senate, But after hearing from a variety of awaiting the benefits that this re- Washington, DC research organizations and scientists, I search will provide. DEAR SENATOR REID: We would like to ex- have serious reservations. I hope my colleagues will join me in press our views about the upcoming Senate After carefully reviewing the legisla- supporting this incredibly important debate on stem cell research, as the Presi- tion, it is now clear that S. 30 sends the science which would expand our re- dent and Public Policy Committee Chair re- wrong message to the scientific com- search horizons, and bring hope to so spectively for the American Society for Cell Biology. Our nonprofit, professional society munity. many people. S. 30 puts forth a number of scientific Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I of more than 11,000 members includes many of the leading scientists working in this issues that negatively position the sci- rise in opposition to the Hope Offered area. entific debate around what constitutes through Principled and Ethical Stem As you know, it is critically important life and death and raises concepts that Cell Research Act, S. 30. that science policy be carefully crafted to may not even be scientifically defined. My objection to this bill is simple. allow ethically sound scientific research to As elected officials discussing com- This legislation will do nothing to proceed. This is particularly difficult to do plex science issues, we are already in overturn President Bush’s failed policy when the science behind the policy is as com- somewhat unfamiliar territory. that is restricting access to viable plicated as in the current policy debate on If we are to delve deeper into this dis- stem cell research. stem cell lines. We are particularly concerned about a cussion and the details of it, we need The United States Senate must be major provision of S.30, the ‘‘Hope Offered the scientific community on our side. very careful when incorporating sci- through Principled and Ethical Stem Cell I stand for the advancement of med- entific concepts, and scientific defini- Research Act.’’ The expressed purpose of S.30 ical research and I hope that this vote tions, into legislation. This bill relies is to ‘‘promote the derivation of pluripotent has made it clear.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4356 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- wards for human embryonic stem cell re- down. There are great medicines com- sent to have the aforementioned letter search and for biomedical research in Amer- ing forward. Some are in trials in pri- printed in the RECORD. ica. Therefore, we urge a ‘‘yea’’ vote on S. 5 mates right now that tend to stop Alz- There being no objection, the mate- and a ‘‘no’’ vote on S. 30. heimer’s in its tracks. Sincerely, rial was ordered to be printed in the We ought not to be promising things HAROLD VARMUS, MD, RECORD, as follows: Chair, Joint Steering Committee we don’t know or are not realistic in JOINT STEERING COMMITTEE for Public Policy. terms of Alzheimer’s. That is the case. FOR PUBLIC POLICY, Mr. ISAKSON. Will the Presiding Of- I want to sum up where we are, the Bethesda, MD, April 9, 2007. ficer give us the allocation of time re- differences between the two bills. One Hon. HARRY REID, bill, S. 5, has lots of positives in it. We Senate Majority Leader, maining? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- hear it is not going to destroy any U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. other embryos, there is going to be a DEAR SENATOR REID: On behalf of the Joint ator from Iowa has 31 minutes remain- Steering Committee for Public Policy ing. grandfather of the embryos that have (JSCPP), I would like to express our support Mr. ISAKSON. Thirty-one minutes? been created since. We heard the Sen- for S. 5, the ‘‘Stem Cell Research Enhance- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Thirty- ator from New York say something dif- ment Act of 2007.’’ S. 5 would expand the cur- one. The Senator from Kansas has 25 ferent. We heard the Senator from rent federal policy regarding federally fund- minutes. The Senators from Minnesota California yesterday talk about the ed embryonic stem cell research to allow the and Georgia have 45 minutes. 400,000 embryos that are frozen today, use of cells derived since August, 2001, from of which only 2.8 percent are available embryos originally generated for reproduc- Mr. ISAKSON. With all due respect, tive purposes that would otherwise be de- Mr. President, we reached an agree- and less than that number—so less stroyed. ment at the end of the previous time than 250 lines—could totally be created I would also like to express the JSCPP’s that we would equally divide 2 hours 30 out of all the embryos that are avail- opposition to S. 30, the ‘‘Hope Offered minutes between Senator HARKIN, Sen- able in this country today. through Principled and Ethical Stem Cell ator BROWNBACK, Senator COLEMAN, The answers are kind of sleight of Research Act.’’ The purpose of S. 30 is to and Senator REID. We are in the fourth hand. To have an effective embryonic ‘‘promote the derivation of pluripotent stem of those 30-minute blocks now, which stem cell program, other than what is cell lines without the creation of human em- provided in S. 30, means we are going bryos for research purposes and without the would be ours, and then we go to four destruction, discarding of, or risk of injury 10-minute blocks equally divided; is to use Federal taxpayer dollars, indi- to a human embryo or embryos other than that correct? rectly or directly, to destroy embryos. those that are naturally dead.’’ I believe I am correct. How much of You can say you are not, but the fact S. 5 represents an important step forward our time do we have left of the 30- is that will happen. for human embryonic stem cell research, a minute block? What are the positives of S. 30? The new field that offers great promise for the re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Forty- positives of S. 30 are that it looks at placement of damaged cells, the under- five minutes for the Senator from everything. It looks at all the new and standing of the mechanics of disease, and the upcoming methods. One is altered nu- development and testing of new drugs. Un- Georgia. fortunately, current federal policy, in place Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I am clear transfer. No. 1, you don’t destroy since 2001, has not kept pace with the speed pleased to yield 10 minutes to the dis- any embryo, you don’t create an em- of scientific discovery and is today of limited tinguished Senator from Oklahoma, bryo, but yet you get identical cells to value to the scientific community, a position Mr. COBURN. what an embryonic stem cell would be, endorsed by the Director of the National In- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- totally pluripotent, totally capable of stitutes of Health, Elias Zerhouni, at a re- ator from Oklahoma. doing everything an embryonic stem cent Senate appropriations hearing. Mr. COBURN. Mr. President, I lis- cell can do. While the JSCPP is supportive of S. 5, we tened with interest to the Senator Why is there resistance to that? Why strongly oppose S. 30. S. 30 is proposed as an alternative to S. 5, but contains no substan- from New York. As a practicing physi- would there be any resistance to that? tial measure to reverse current limitations cian and somebody who has delivered There shouldn’t be. on embryonic stem cell research and simply over 4,000 children, I cared for both tod- The second point is what we call endorses research avenues that are already dlers and young adults with type 1 dia- germ cell pluripotent stem cells. Those open under current law. We oppose the bill betes. There is nobody who doesn’t are made from the testes and ovaries of because it contains unnecessary provisions want to see that disease fixed. The us, each of us, and we can have treat- and places confusing and short-sighted re- problem is, we shouldn’t promise ments designed for ourselves. Every strictions on biomedical research. things we don’t know are accurate. tissue type in the body has now been The prohibitions in S. 30 against the use of government funds to derive stem cells with What we do know is that yesterday produced from germ cell pluripotent methods that generate embryos for research on CNN, an article was released from stem cells, either ovarian or testicular, purposes or that involve the destruction of JAMA showing the treatment of 13 again, applying the same pluripotent embryos are unnecessary, because the an- young Brazilians who had type 1 diabe- stem cells you get from an embryo, but nual Departments of Labor, Health & Human tes who are now free from using exoge- you never destroy a life. Services and Education Appropriations bill nous insulin. They are on no medicine My friend from Minnesota, one of the has, for many years, included the same pro- whatsoever and their sugar is totally coauthors of this bill, makes a great hibitions. controlled. That is one step going for- point. Whatever happens at the end of Furthermore, the central provision of S. 30 appears to allow research on embryos consid- ward in all the areas of medicine. the day—right now this glass of water ered to be ‘‘naturally dead.’’ We are particu- The other comment I will make be- represents what is happening on em- larly concerned about this requirement before I make my final points is, if you bryonic stem cell research with Gov- cause the term ‘‘naturally dead’’ is not a sci- talk to anybody in the area of research ernment funds in this country. There is entific term, and there are no scientific or on Alzheimer’s—Alzheimer’s, and we a whole lot of other research going on clinical standards for determining the qual- heard it time and time again, is a dev- with embryonic stem cells outside the ity of embryos at the early stages of embry- astating disease for individuals who Government. It has not dead stopped. onic development. We are also concerned about the provision have it, and it is a devastating disease As a matter of fact, it is advancing in S. 30 that requires a priority to be placed for families who care for their loved forcefully without Government money. on research ‘‘with the greatest potential for ones with it—I don’t know of anybody But this represents what is there. If S. near-term clinical benefit.’’ Not only is it in embryonic stem cell research or in 5 is passed out of this body and the impossible to know the benefits of research research in medicine by themselves House, this is what we will see next in advance, but limiting the scope of re- who has great hopes for a cure of Alz- year: the same amount, because this search in this way places a muzzle on the sci- heimer’s with embryonic stem cells. bill is going to be vetoed. entific process, placing short-term incre- We have heard that claim time and However, if S. 30 is passed, what we mental advances ahead of the more challenging goals of preventing or curing dis- time again. It is not a great hope for will see is this much research, a dou- eases such as diabetes. Alzheimer’s. There is hope. There is bling of the research next year. So one For these reasons, we believe that passage beta secretase, which is an enzyme says help people play the political of S. 30 would be a significant step back- that causes Alzheimer’s to be laid game when we know it is going to be

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4357 vetoed. S. 30 says let’s do something the very treatment that is being given tered nuclear transfer, used a phrase real. Let’s give an answer to the hope. to you, is for you to clone yourself. that I borrowed. It is an island of unity Let’s double it up and let’s do it in a That is the dirty little secret nobody and a sea of controversy. That is what way that is an ethically good way. wants to talk about in this debate be- S. 30 offers, an island of unity and a sea The final point I wish to make is to cause once we accomplish with true of controversy. There is disagreement anybody who wants us to do embryonic embryonic stem cells versus altered in this country about the use of Fed- stem cell research, anybody who has a nuclear transfer, any treatment will eral dollars for the destruction of a family member with a chronic disease, require antirejection drugs or you hav- human embryo. That is a reality. In anybody who has a child with diabetes, ing to clone yourself. the end, scientific advancement should anybody who has any need that has The language is very specific. There be something that is unifying. It hope coming from ‘‘embryonic stem is no cloning as far as implanting into shouldn’t be tearing this country cell research,’’ the question I put for- a uterus, but it doesn’t mean you don’t apart. You shouldn’t worry, if you are ward to them is this: If we can show clone yourself and destroy yourself to going into a hospital for some kind of you the science is going to give us ex- meet a need for you. treatment, whether there is some actly the same results with never de- It is a very complicated ethical issue moral line that has been crossed for stroying an embryo, what would your about which we ought to be very clear. you as an individual. You shouldn’t choice be—destroy an embryo and get It is not just destroying embryos. It is have to do that. We shouldn’t put peo- the results or do not destroy an embryo going the next step now to have an ef- ple in that position. and go one of the multitude other ways fect from that treatment. The good news is we don’t have to. It to accomplish exactly the same pur- I believe there will be good treat- is fascinating. I think the science has pose? ments come out of embryonic stem cell gotten ahead of the politics. I have no That is the real question that is fac- research. I don’t have any doubt about doubt, as I listened to this debate, ing this body. That is the question the that. I believe exactly those same these are people of good will on both American people ask. The science is 2 treatments will come and be better sides of this debate, supporting both to 3 years ahead of the debate in this from altered nuclear transfer, from proposals, but I believe the same ulti- body today. dedifferentiation, which is a term that mate kind of vision to improve quality A lot of times my colleagues accuse says you take a cell that is more ma- of life, to enhance scientific research, me of not making much sense on the ture and dedifferentiate it back to a to put an end to debilitating and floor when I talk about these issues be- pluripotent cell, or from germ cells, ei- threatening disease and illness, is the cause it is a medical issue, it is a sci- ther ovarian or testicular. kind of common bond we have, people We can accomplish the desires of ev- entific issue. I am a doctor. I under- of good will. erybody who is hurting in our country stand the science, so I tend to not use I suppose a number of years ago, indi- today who has a hope and do it in a re- the words as plainly as I should. But viduals of good will, good moral back- alistic way with S. 30 that will deliver the ethical question still arises: Do you ground, religious background, may the goods, deliver taxpayers’ dollars to want a doubling of the research to go have come to a conclusion that they make a difference. S. 5 will deliver forward and answer the very human would support the destruction of a nothing, nothing for at least 2 years, human embryo for the opportunity to need that is out there or do you want because this President won’t sign it. do good today for someone who is here. to play the political game and have ex- So the consequence and the question It is a line some of us can’t cross. We actly what we have today? that comes back to us is: Are we going bring deeply held moral perspectives to I say to Senator HARKIN, that is what to do something that is meaningful or this issue. I understand others of good will happen if S. 5 goes through. It is are we going to play the political game going to be vetoed. It will not be over- faith and strong character, solid reli- that in the long term has no meaning, gious background and belief, say this is ridden in the House. Or we can have S. at least for the next 2 years? the line, this is the right thing to do. 30 that does as much or more than S. 5 I yield back my time to the Senator I heard my colleagues on the other and we will see a difference for the from Georgia. side quote scriptures and pastors and American people. Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I thank others—my friends, of good will, and The hope my colleagues talk about the Senator from Oklahoma. good heart. In the past, that may have will be realized when S. 30 gets passed, I yield up to 15 minutes of our time been the only path to where we wanted when S. 30 gets signed. The President to the distinguished Senator from Min- to go. has said he will sign it. It makes avail- nesota, Mr. COLEMAN. The Clinton administration looked at able everything we will need and still The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- this. In fact, this is the language they accomplishes the same goals but does ator from Minnesota. used. In 1999, President Clinton’s Na- it twice as fast. That is the real ques- Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. President, I tional Bioethics Advisory Commission tion: Do we want to play politics with thank my colleague from Oklahoma, issued a report entitled ‘‘Ethical Issues this issue? Do we want to say some- who brings a physician’s perspective. in Human Stem Cell Research’’ ac- body’s legitimate position of valuing We hear so often on the floor of the knowledging that a week-old human life, that they have an illegitimate po- Senate that we need to look in the eyes embryo is a form of human life that de- sition because they value life at the ex- of young kids with juvenile diabetes serves respect. The Commission stated: pense of somebody with chronic dis- and say: Are we doing all we can do? In our judgment, the derivation of stem ease, or can they value life, come with My colleague from Oklahoma has dealt cells from embryos remaining following in- an answer that actually accomplishes with that on a regular basis. He stands fertility treatments— the same purpose in a better timeframe with me, and I thank him for his sup- These are the embryos we are talking with better results with S. 30? That is port. about here, IVF— the real question for us. In the end, there is a practical con- is justifiable only if no less morally problem- I understand the political game we clusion, as he demonstrated with the atic alternatives are available for advancing are playing. I understand the diseases. glasses of water. If you want an an- the research. But when you read the basic raw re- swer, if you want to look those kids in Science has moved ahead of where we search that is going forward today, we the eyes, talk to the families of folks were in 1999. I was on the phone a little are not even close to what is hap- with ALS or heart disease, if you sup- while ago with a Dr. Landry from, I be- pening, we are not even talking about port S. 30, you can look them in the lieve, Columbia University. Dr. Landry what is happening out there. eye and say: Today I have done what I talked about a stem cell line coming Final point. Make sure you under- can do to move the science forward, to from dead embryos that has all the ca- stand that if you believe in embryonic have additional Federal support for pacity, pluripotency of the stem cell stem cell research as a viable ethical embryonic stem cell research but re- lines from fertility clinics. So a ‘‘less alternative, you also have to believe in search which, in the end, is unifying re- morally problematic alternative’’ is cloning because the only way you will search. available. get a treatment that is good for you Dr. William Hurlbut, who is one of My friend and colleague from Geor- without rejection, without rejecting the authors of a technique known as al- gia, the coauthor of this legislation,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4358 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 knows from Georgia experience that totipotency. They allow us to produce Another way is the altered nuclear scientists worked on dead embryos. I embryonic stem cells that have all the transfer. You take the genetic mate- thought about it, and I believe it is capacity for research that gives the rial, the somatic cell, fingernail or part of the 21 lines the President au- hope we are talking about without cre- something, and what you do before you thorized for embryo research. The work ating a human embryo that does not insert it into this enucleated egg is is being done. The reality is there are involve, then, the taking of human life; touch off a trigger mechanism that cell lines available today that are not that does not involve the moral line shuts off the ability to create the em- eligible for Federal funding. That is be- that many Americans feel is there. bryo, but it still creates an inner cell cause we have a policy that says no Not all. There is a difference in this. mass with pluripotent cells—the capac- Federal funding for embryo stem cell That is why I am saying, what S. 30 ity of a cell to give rise to many dif- research. But if we pass S. 30, and S. 30 does is it gives us this island of unity ferent types of cells. Do all the re- gets signed into law, then we have in the sea of controversy. What it does search you want. available Federal funding for embry- is allow all of us—and I do hope all my So S. 5 provides funding for new stem onic stem cell research that would not colleagues, wherever you are on this cell research. It provides the oppor- be available today. issue—support for S. 30. Why would you tunity to do all that one wants to do That is then ‘‘morally less problem- be opposed to Federal funding for em- without crossing the moral line. Why atic’’ because it does not involve the bryonic stem cell research that ad- wouldn’t we get there? destruction of a human embryo. vances us? My great fear is that what will hap- When we talk about a dead embryo, My colleague from Oklahoma used pen this year is what happened last my colleague from Georgia has done a the two glasses of water. If you support year. In the Senate there was a bill, very good job. My colleagues may have S. 5, all you are going to get tomor- the Specter-Santorum bill, which, by said: It is a dead embryo. What can you row—in January 2008, S. 5 passes. It the way, did not provide for all that we get out of a dead embryo? Let me ex- passes in the Senate, passes in the have in S. 30. It did not provide for the plain two concepts. They are at the House, it is vetoed. We have this much dead embryo research. I think it may heart of this debate. I am not a sci- right now—I believe it is about $130 have provided for some sort of ANT. entist, but I have learned a lot about million. That is what this glass rep- The good news is that is included in S. pluripotency, the capacity of a cell to resents in research, embryonic stem 5, but S. 5 is going to be vetoed so that give rise to many different cell types. cell research. Those are the 20-some- doesn’t go anywhere. Embryonic stem cells, those that have thing lines left the President author- Last year that passed, 100 to 0, a bill with some alternative measures. But, come from in vitro fertilization clinics, ized. they have pluripotency. They have this In January of 2008 you are going to again, we have gone way beyond last elastic capacity to recreate any kind of get $132 million of federally funded year, this year, in terms of the science. The House refused to hear it. They cell. So maybe sometime in the future stem cell research. But if we pass S. 30, took an all-or-nothing approach: If you you can create stronger heart muscles. what we have then is the opportunity don’t support the destruction of a Today, in fact, with some types of stem for research in a range of other areas, human embryo to do stem cell research cell research, that is being done. Maybe perhaps doubling and maybe more—I we are not passing anything. Where is you can grow limbs. Maybe you can would hope much more—of stem cell the hope in that? As you look at this I cure ALS. There is an incredible capac- research, or pluripotent stem cells, to challenge my colleagues on the other ity, pluripotency. get the capacity to do all the treat- side of the aisle to tell their colleagues There is also this concept of ments and provide the hope. in the House: Give hope, the hope we totipotency. Totipotency is the capa- We are, by the way, a long way away have talked about on this floor, the bility of a zygote or other cell to de- in reality from human treatments, but hope we all agree on, the hope that velop into a complete, integrated it is hope. That is what this bill is, this there is just consensus on that we want human being. The line we are talking is the HOPE bill. to move the research forward. Do not about today between S. 5 and S. 30 is One of the other mechanisms we let some kind of politics that I cannot talked about is altered nuclear trans- the line between pluripotency and understand stop us from moving for- totipotency. We all support research fer. Just to explain, in the natural fer- ward with the opportunity to move re- that will provide for pluripotent stem tilization process, biology 101, you have search that can produce hope. cells, pluripotent cells that have the the sperm, you have the egg, you get There are many scientists who have capacity to be almost anything. the fertilized egg, and you get the em- kind of said: Yes, we looked at ANT The dividing line, though, is whether bryo. and we know it can work and we need you have totipotency, so with a human In the clone what you have is the egg to put our efforts into that. I will read embryo, cells that are involved in a fer- cell, you enucleate it—you take out a couple of quotes: tility clinic—I am going to switch the center. This may come from a fin- Research results suggest that altered nu- charts and talk about a couple of other gernail or skin, whatever, a cell with clear transfer may be able to produce human techniques that involve pluripotency all the DNA, and you insert it into this pluripotent stem cells—in a manner that is but not totipotency. What we look at enucleated egg. You activate it and simpler and more efficient than current with dead embryos are cells that are then you get an embryo. I think that is methods. pluripotent. I don’t know if it is a the way Dolly the sheep came about. That is by Hans Scholer, chair of the great analogy, but even after death we By the way, my colleague from Okla- Department of Cell and Developmental can harvest organs that have the abil- homa talked about this. If we are going Biology at the Max Planck Institute in ity to serve the function you want to do stem cell research from here, and Germany. them to serve. So dead embryos are we are going to take this embryo and Recently, multiple labs in the United embryos that have no totipotency but we are going to create stem cells and States and from around the world have pub- have pluripotency. You get pluripotent we put that into you or me, you are lished or reported experiments in which cells. going to have an immune reaction, and adult cells were converted not to embryos The other approach is an approach your whole life—if you put this in you, but directly to pluripotent embryonic-like known as altered nuclear transfer. you are, for your whole life, going to cells. The resulting cells were virtually in- distinguishable from embryonic stem cells That, by the way—I say ‘‘the ap- have to deal with immune reaction derived from embryos. The techniques used proach.’’ There are a number of other suppression and the drugs. The only included altered nuclear transfer, cell fusion approaches out there. My colleague way around that is the Dolly approach. and chemical reprogramming. The results from Oklahoma talked about that. I If you create stem cells from your own were obtained from top scientists in the field think he talked about cells there is no immune reaction. and published in the best journals. dedifferentiation, talked about germs— We are not talking about that, al- That was by Markus Grompe, M.D., there are a number of different proce- though there are those of us who raise Oregon Stem Cell Center. dures and techniques that have strong the concern: How do you get ulti- It is fascinating, those scientists that scientific support that allow us to mately where you want to go without support just embryonic stem cell reproduce pluripotent cells without that possibility? search without anything, they will tell

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4359 you nothing else works; this is the following in vitro fertilization stopped of 30 minutes that is open, at which whole ball of wax; my way or the high- cellular division. The embryo itself is time, following that, each of the four way. Then you have scientists who sup- clinically dead, as is a human being designees will have a closing 10 min- port these alternatives who say: Yes, who is brain dead, although all their utes. this is the best way to go. other organs are working. But con- I see the distinguished Senator from Maybe it is about Federal funding. tained within that embryo are stem Kansas is on the Senate floor. My un- Maybe if you don’t believe your way is cells. So it has gone through a natural derstanding of that 30-minute division, the only way you are not going to get death, not one at the hands of a doctor Senator BROWNBACK, is you would have Federal dollars. We have to get past or anyone else, and it produces these up to 71⁄2 minutes of that 30, and if—I the politics. We have to get past the stem cells. would ask—I am going to try this. I petty scientific divisions and simply After reading everything I could on ask unanimous consent that the next look at what we have out there and it, I want to read one sentence from 30 minutes be divided, with 15 minutes embrace and seize the opportunity to just one study which verified the under the control of Senator HARKIN, move forward in a way that is cohesive, pluripotency, the undifferentiation, 71⁄2 under the control of Senator that gets this Nation outside of the and the independence of those lines: BROWNBACK, 71⁄2 under the control of culture wars, outside of the battles Lines BGO1, BGO2, and BGO3, human em- myself and Senator COLEMAN, and then over Federal funding for the destruc- bryonic stem cells are, therefore, inde- the remaining 40 minutes would be tion of human life. Put it aside. We pendent, undifferentiated and pluripotent equally divided between the four des- don’t have to go there today. Science is lines that can be maintained without an ac- ignees: Senator HARKIN from Iowa, my- offering us a better path. cumulation of karyotypic abnormalities. self and Senator COLEMAN, Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. It took a long time to practice those BROWNBACK, and Senator REID, and BROWN). The time of the Senator has last two words and say them right, but then lastly, the leaders will have 30 expired. what that practically means is exactly minutes equally divided. Mr. COLEMAN. I urge my colleagues what we all seek. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to take a look at S. 30, regardless of That is, embryonic stem cells that objection, it is so ordered. where you are on S. 5. This is a bill have the full potential for research, to Mr. ISAKSON. From what I under- that deserves unanimous support. In answer the hope all of us in this room stood of that agreement, I think the the end, let’s work on our friends and have expressed today, can, in fact, be Senator from Kansas would have 71⁄2 colleagues in the House to pass the law derived from embryos that are not de- minutes, then the Senator from Iowa so that we have, in the end, one the stroyed by the human hand but would have 15, then I would have 71⁄2. Is President will sign, one which offers through the natural process of the life that fair? and delivers true hope. cycle. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I yield the floor. So I asked myself this question: Well, ator from Kansas is recognized for 71⁄2 Mr. ISAKSON. How much of our time if this is a legitimate debate—which it minutes. remains? is a legitimate debate—if science has Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, if The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- found there is a way to derive these the Chair would please remind me ator from Georgia has 17 minutes. stem cells without the destruction of when I have a minute left of my time. Mr. ISAKSON. I will acknowledge, the embryo, and if—which is true—5 of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The given the agreement we previously the 21 lines currently exempted by the Chair will do that. made, I think I will only take 5 of Presidential order of 2001, are, in fact, Mr. BROWNBACK. I wish to start by those. I recognize myself for 5 minutes. 51⁄2 years of study side by side with entering into the RECORD four docu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- stem cells derived by destroying the ments and briefly covering them as ator from Georgia is recognized. embryo, and if we have clear evidence much as possible. I ask unanimous con- Mr. ISAKSON. I acknowledge the pa- they are undifferentiated, they are sent that all four of these documents tience of the Presiding Officer. I know pluripotent, and they do not have ab- appear directly after my testimony. the Presiding Officer was in the chair normalities, then this is the answer to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without last night when the Senator from Iowa thread the needle to solve the problem. objection, it is so ordered. and I had an exchange. I want to repeat The White House has acknowledged (See Exhibits 1 through 4.) some of what was said, so I apologize to they will sign the bill. So with respect Mr. BROWNBACK. This first one is the distinguished Presiding Officer, but for every Member of this Senate who the list of 72 current clinical applica- in the end I want to try to synthesize has eloquently spoken on behalf of the tions using adult stem cell therapy. No what got me to the point of being a hope of furthering research, I do not ethical problems on these. Actually, part of S. 30. know what the results of the research the list now is 73. I will cover that in In August 2001, when the directive are going to be, but I know this: If we just a minute, but I want to get that came down, I started learning about do not do it, we will never know, and if in. stem cells. When the veto took place there is a way to do it and accelerate it I want to back this letter up, or this last year, I wondered what more I need- and thread the needle, which this does, statement up, with a letter that ap- ed to know to try to find a way to deal then I submit we should do it. peared in the magazine Science, Janu- with the concerns of some but the com- I would encourage all of my col- ary 19, 2007, that was refuting the arti- passion of everyone. I stumbled upon a leagues to support S. 30. cle—that was a letter put forward by professor at the University of Georgia, I acknowledge the tremendous work other individuals questioning this level Dr. Steven Stice. I really didn’t stum- of the Senator from Minnesota and of adult stem cell therapy and treat- ble upon him; one of my interns, an others who have helped. I appreciate ment. honor student, directed me to him. He the time allotted to us in this debate. Then this letter which was in the said he was doing research in this area. In the end, I think the most used word Journal of Science was backed up by As it turned out, he was operating in the last 2 days has been ‘‘hope.’’ the third document we have here, three stem cell lines, lines BGO1, There is now a hope that we actually which is a list of 14 pages of the peer- BGO2, and BGO3. So I went to the uni- bring about the reality of scientific de- reviewed scientific articles on adult versity and spent 2 days going through velopment for the cure of deadly and stem cell therapies and the benefits what their research team was doing terrible diseases and do so in a way those have produced. and the way in which they were de- that recognizes the natural process of Then the final document we have rived. I came to learn that Dr. Stice the life cycle and the advancement of here in this stack that I will be putting and his team, like teams in California, the science. forward is the article that just ap- Wisconsin, and other States that have With that, I yield back our time in peared out even today from JAMA, the since derived embryonic stem cells this this cycle. Journal of American Medical Associa- way, derived them from what is known Mr. President, my understanding is— tion, on Type 1 juvenile diabetes being as naturally dead or arrested embryos. I am going to repeat this—it is my untreated with the use of adult stem Those are embryos that after 7 days derstanding that we now have a period cells. The results—I am just going to

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4360 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 read these, because they are just so cause it is speculative, it is not pro- Fanconi’s anemia phenomenal, from this JAMA article: ducing results, and it is producing tu- Chronic Epstein-Barr infection (similar to During a 7- to 36-month followup, 14 pa- mors. Mono) tients became insulin free; one for up I have entered into the RECORD pre- AUTO-IMMUNE DISEASES to 35 months with this treatment. viously a large set of different studies Systemic lupus (auto-immune condition This was an adult human stem cell in various areas done by various that can affect skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, treatment. One patient was not able to groups. These embryonic stem cells are joints, and nervous system) Sjogren’s syndrome (autoimmune disease become insulin-independent. producing tumors. That is what is tak- w/symptoms similar to arthritis) The reason I cite that is it is such an ing place. There is a way that seems Myasthenia (An autoimmune neuro- exciting set of results. People have right to a man, but its end is death. Do muscular disorder) been talking on the floor a great deal we want to put tumors in individuals? Autoimmune cytopenia about curing diabetes. Here we have a Is that the route we are going forward Scleromyxedema (skin condition) JAMA article, as I have noted to my with? I don’t think so. I don’t think we Scleroderma (skin disorder) colleagues earlier. The unfortunate should. Crohn’s disease (chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines) thing is the actual test took place in I emphasize as well to my colleagues Behcet’s disease Brazil instead of the United States that we have another route to go on Rheumatoid arthritis even though it was designed and much this that we can work on together. I Juvenile arthritis of it was done by U.S. scientists at would hope we could work on the Multiple sclerosis Northwestern University and other amniotic fluid and banking of amniotic Polychondritis (chronic disorder of the car- places. The work should be being done fluid. I think that would be an impor- tilage) Systemic vasculitis (inflammation of the in the United States. tant key route for us to work together. blood vessels) Point one being, we don’t have to go I am disturbed that at this point in Alopecia universalis there with the taxpayer funding de- time in the legislative session, the first Buerger’s disease (limb vessel constriction, stroying this young human life. I half of the year after an election, we inflammation) would hope my colleagues would say are spending this amount of time on a BLADDER DISEASE that in and of itself is enough informa- topic that is going to be vetoed—S. 5 is End-stage bladder disease tion for me to say we do not need to going to be vetoed; unlikely that the CANCERS cross this ethical boundary. The eth- veto override is going to occur; maybe Brain tumors—medulloblastoma and ical boundary we are talking about yet it is going to be able to happen but un- glioma again is using taxpayer dollars to fund likely—when we have other routes we Retinoblastoma (cancer) the destruction of human life so we can can work on that will work and will Ovarian cancer research on these entities. Some would produce results. Are we going to con- Skin cancer: Merkel cell carcinoma refer to it as potential for human life; tinue this effort for division? It is all Testicular cancer Lymphoma that is human life, so we can research about dividing. It is all about causing a Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma on it. fight and somebody scoring some polit- Hodgkin’s lymphoma Do we want to cross that ethical ical points, when we have a hopeful Acute lymphoblastic leukemia boundary that has everybody in some- route that is producing results that we Acute myelogenous leukemia what of a question of whether they can work on together, that we can get Chronic myelogenous leukemia want to do this or not? I would submit, more funding for, and everybody wants Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia No. 1, we do not need to; we have Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia cures and we can get more funding for Cancer of the lymph nodes: Angioim- routes to go that work. No. 2, we this route which is working, and we munoblastic lymphadenopathy Multiple should not do that in researching on can start a new area in amniotic fluid myeloma (cancer affecting white blood cells human life because of the respect we and placenta or we can go along with of the immune system) have and the dignity afforded to each my colleagues from Georgia and Min- Myelodysplasia (bone marrow disorder) and every human life at all stages, at nesota on a route upon which we can Breast cancer all places, for the human existence this agree. Neuroblastoma (childhood cancer of the nervous system) individuals has. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Renal cell carcinoma (cancer of the kid- Proverbs tell us this: There is a way ator has 1 minute remaining. ney) that seems right to a man, but its end Mr. BROWNBACK. I think we can do Soft tissue sarcoma (malignant tumor that is the way of death. There is a way that those things. Yet we continue down begins in the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, seems right to a man, but its end is the this route of division. Why would we do blood vessels) way of death. that when in the balance sit patients in Ewing’s sarcoma That would seem to really highlight this country and around the world who Various solid tumors this debate—the way that seems right Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (type of seek our help? I have shown you many lymphoma) to a man. Let’s just research on these pictures of those who have gotten help Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis embryos; they are going to be disposed but need more and are having to travel POEMS syndrome (osteosclerotic of anyway. Why not do it instead of overseas for these treatments. Let’s myeloma) throwing them away? Why not do it in- not force them to do that. Myelofibrosis stead of having them being adopted? Let’s stop the politics of division. CARDIOVASCULAR Why not do it? Why not research on Let’s start working together and have Acute Heart damage someone who is on death row? Why a culture that respects human dignity. Chronic coronary artery disease not? We can do that. Reject S. 5. IMMUNODEFICIENCIES There is a way that seems right to a EXHIBIT 1 Severe combined immunodeficiency syn- man, but its end is the way of death. 72 CURRENT HUMAN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS drome Well, we shouldn’t because it does con- USING ADULT STEM CELLS X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome X-linked hyper immunoglobulin M syn- tinue that continuation of us breaching (LIST UPDATED MARCH 2007) drome human dignity—at a very early stage, ANEMIAS & OTHER BLOOD CONDITIONS LIVER DISEASE granted, but nonetheless human by all Sickle cell anemia Chronic liver failure definition of what a human species and Sideroblastic anemia Liver cirrhosis an individual is. It does breach that, Aplastic anemia and we should not go there with tax- Red cell aplasia (failure of red blood cell NEURAL DEGENERATIVE DISEASES & INJURIES: payer dollars. development) Parkinson’s disease As I have noted to my colleagues, it Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia Spinal cord injury is legal to do in the United States. Thalassemia (genetic [inherited] disorders Stroke damage all of which involve underproduction of OCULAR States can fund it, private individuals hemoglogin) Corneal regeneration can fund it. I have noted to my col- Primary amyloidosis (A disorder of plasma leagues that private individuals are not cells) WOUNDS & INJURIES funding it. They are not funding it be- Diamond blackfan anemia Limb gangrene

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4361 Surface wound healing cells. High on this list is Alzheimer’s disease, with relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Jawbone replacement acknowledged by experts as a ‘‘very un- Bone Marrow Transplant 37, 1017–1022, June Skull bone repair likely’’ candidate for stem cell treatments, 2006. Tabata M et al.; ‘‘Peripheral blood stem OTHER METABOLIC DISORDERS with one NIH expert describing such a sce- nario as a ‘‘fairy tale’’. The entire list, in cell transplantation in patients over 65 years Hurler’s syndrome (hereditary genetic dis- fact, is based on no evidence of benefit in any old with malignant lymphoma—possibility order) human patient from embryonic stem cells of early completion of chemotherapy and im- Osteogenesis imperfecta (bone/cartilage and little evidence for its claims in animal provement of performance status’’; Intern disorder) models. No one should promote the falsehood Med 40, 471–474; June 2001. Krabbe Leukodystrophy (hereditary ge- that embryonic stem cell cures are immi- Josting, A; ‘‘Treatment of Primary Pro- netic disorder) nent, for this cruelly deceives patients and gressive Hodgkin’s and Aggressive Non- Osteopetrosis (genetic bone disorder) the public. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Is There a Chance for Cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystroph CSC EXHIBIT 3 Cure?’’; J Clin Oncol 18, 332–339; 2000. Kirita T et al.; ‘‘Primary non-Hodgkin’s ‘‘It is nearly certain that the [human] clin- PEER-REVIEWED REFERENCES SHOWING lymphoma of the mandible treated with ra- ical benefits of the [embryonic stem cell] re- APPLICATIONS OF ADULT STEM CELLS diotherapy, chemotherapy, and autologous search are years or decades away. This is a THAT PRODUCE THERAPEUTIC BEN- peripheral blood stem cell transplantation’’; message that desperate families and patients EFIT FOR HUMAN PATIENTS Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol will not want to hear.’’—Science, June 17, ADULT STEM CELLS—HEMATOPOIETIC Endod. 90, 450–455; Oct. 2000. 2005 REPLACEMENT Hodgkin’s Lymphoma CANCERS EXHIBIT 2 Peggs KS et al., ‘‘Clinical evidence of a Brain Tumors—medulloblastoma and glioma TREATING DISEASES WITH ADULT STEM CELLS graft-versus-Hodgkin’s-lymphoma effect Dunkel, IJ; ‘‘High-dose chemotherapy with after reduced-intensity allogeneic transplan- In their letter ‘‘Adult Stem Cell Treat- autologous stem cell rescue for malignant tation’’, Lancet 365, 1934–1941, 4 June 2005. ments for Diseases?’’ (28 July 2006, p.439), S. brain tumors’’; Cancer Invest. 18, 492–493; Josting, A; ‘‘Treatment of Primary Pro- Smith et al. claim that we misrepresent a 2000. gressive Hodgkin’s and Aggressive Non- list of adult stem cell treatments benefiting Abrey, LE et al.; ‘‘High dose chemotherapy Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Is There a Chance for patients. But it is the Letter’s authors who with autologous stem cell rescue in adults Cure?’’; J Clin Oncol 18, 332–339; 2000. misrepresent our statements and the pub- with malignant primary brain tumors’’; J. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia lished literature, dismissing as irrelevant Neurooncol. 44, 147–153; Sept., 1999. the many scientists and patients who have Finlay, JL; ‘‘The role of high-dose chemo- Laughlin MJ et al.; ‘‘Hematopoietic shown the benefits of adult stem cells. therapy and stem cell rescue in the treat- engraftment and survival in adult recipients We have stated that adult stem cell appli- ment of malignant brain tumors: a re- of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated do- cations have ‘‘helped,’’ ‘‘benefited,’’ and ‘‘im- appraisal’’; Pediatr. Transplant 3 Suppl. 1, nors’’, New England Journal of Medicine 344, proved’’ patient conditions. Smith et al.’s 87–95; 1999. 1815–1822; June 14, 2001. Ohnuma K et al.; ‘‘Cord blood transplan- Supporting Online Material repeatedly notes Retinoblastoma tation from HLA-mismatched unrelated do- patient improvement from these cells. We Hertzberg H et al.; ‘‘Recurrent dissemi- nors as a treatment for children with have never stated that these treatments are nated retinoblastoma in a 7–year-old girl haematological malignancies’’; Br J ‘‘generally available, ‘‘cures,’’ or ‘‘fully test- treated successfully by high-dose chemo- Haematol 112(4), 981–987; March 2001. ed in all required phases of clinical trials and therapy and CD34–selected autologous pe- Marco F et al.; ‘‘High Survival Rate in In- approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Admin- ripheral blood stem cell transplantation’’; fant Acute Leukemia Treated With Early istration (FDA).’’ Some studies do not re- Bone Marrow Transplant 27(6), 653–655; March High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem-Cell quire prior FDA approval, and even the nine 2001. Support’’; J Clin Oncol 18, 3256–3261; Sept. 15 supposedly ‘‘fully approved’’ treatments Dunkel IJ et al.; ‘‘Successful treatment of 2000. aclmowledged by Smith et al. would not be metastatic retinoblastoma’’; Cancer 89, 2117– Acute Myelogenous Leukemia considered ‘‘cures’’ or ‘‘generally available’’ 2121; Nov 15, 2000. Laughlin MJ et al.; ‘‘Hematopoietic to the public at this stage of research. Ovarian Cancer The insistence that no benefit is real until engraftment and survival in adult recipients Stiff PJ et al.; ‘‘High-dose chemotherapy after FDA approval is misplaced. Such ap- of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated do- and autologous stem-cell transplantation for nors’’, New England Journal of Medicine 344, proval is not a medical standard to evaluate ovarian cancer: An autologous blood and patient benefit, but an agency determination 1815–1822; June 14, 2001. marrow transplant registry report’’; Ann. In- Ohnuma K et al.; ‘‘Cord blood transplan- that benefits outweigh risks in a broad class tern. Med. 133, 504–515; Oct. 3, 2000. tation from HLA-mismatched unrelated do- of patients. Physicians and patients use an Schilder, RJ and Shea, TC; ‘‘Multiple cy- nors as a treatment for children with evidentiary standard. Our list of 72 applica- cles of high-dose chemotherapy for ovarian haematological malignancies’’; Br J tions, compiled from peer-reviewed articles, cancer’’; Semin. Oncol. 25, 349–355; June 1998. Haematol 112(4), 981–987; March 2001. documents observable and measurable ben- Merkel Cell Carcinoma Gorin NC et al.; ‘‘Feasibility and recent efit to patients, a necessary step toward for- improvement of autologous stem cell trans- mal FDA approval and what is expected of Waldmann V et al.; ‘‘Transient complete remission of metastasized merkel cell car- plantation for acute myelocytic leukaemia new, cutting-edge medical applications. cinoma by high-dose polychemotherapy and in patients over 60 years of age: importance Smith et al. also mislead regarding cita- autologous peripheral blood stem cell trans- of the source of stem cells’’; Br. J. Haematol. tions for testicular cancer and non-Hodg- plantation’’; Br. J. Dermatol. 143, 837–839; 110, 887–893; Sept 2000. kin’s lymphoma, referring to ‘‘[t]he ref- Oct 2000. Bruserud O et al.; ‘‘New strategies in the erence Prentice cites . . .’’ as though only treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia: Testicular Cancer one reference existed in each case, and not mobilization and transplantation of mentioning four other references that, ac- Bhatia S et al.; ‘‘High-dose chemotherapy autologous peripheral blood stem cells in cording to their own SOM, show ‘‘improved as initial salvage chemotherapy in patients adult patients’’; Stem Cells 18, 343–351; 2000. with relapsed testicular cancer’’; J. Clin. long-term survival’’ of patients receiving Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia adult stem cells. There are currently 1238 Oncol. 18, 3346–3351; ct. 19, 2000. Laughlin MJ et al.; ‘‘Hematopoietic FDA-approved clinical trials related to adult Lymphoma engraftment and survival in adult recipients stem cells, including at least 5 trials regard- Tabata M et al.; ‘‘Peripheral blood stem of umbilical-cord blood from unrelated doing testicular cancer and over 24 trials with cell transplantation in patients over 65 years nors’’, New England Journal of Medicine 344, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. They also dis- old with malignant lymphoma—possibility 1815–1822; June 14, 2001. regard studies showing successful stimula- of early completion of chemotherapy and im- Ohnuma K et al.; ‘‘Cord blood transplantion of endogenous cells for Parkinson’s. provement of performance status’’; Intern tation from HLA-mismatched unrelated do- The ethical and political controversy sur- Med 40, 471–474; June 2001. nors as a treatment for children with Josting, A; ‘‘Treatment of Primary Pro- rounding embryonic stem cell research haematological malignancies’’; Br J gressive Hodgkin’s and Aggressive Non- makes scientific claims especially prone to Haematol 112(4), 981–987; March 2001. exaggeration or distortion. All such claims Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Is There a Chance for Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia should receive careful scrutiny, as recently Cure?’’; J Clin Oncol 18, 332–339; 2000. acknowledged by the editors of this journal Koizumi M et al.; ‘‘Successful treatment of Ohnuma K et al.; ‘‘Cord blood transplan- after two articles claiming human ‘‘thera- intravascular malignant lymphomatosis tation from HLA-mismatched unrelated do- peutic cloning’’ success were revealed to be with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous nors as a treatment for children with fraudulent. This scrutiny should be directed peripheral blood stem cell transplantation’’; haematological malignancies’’; Br J equally to all sides. We note that two of our Bone Marrow Transplant 27, 1101–1103; May Haematol 112(4), 981–987; March 2001. critics, Neaves and Teitelbaum, are founding 2001. Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia members of a political group whose Web site Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Elliott MA et al., Allogeneic stem cell lists over 70 conditions that ‘‘could someday Buadi FK et al., Autologous hematopoietic transplantation and donor lymphocyte infu- be treated or cured’’ using embryonic stem stem cell transplantation for older patients sions for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia,

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(FIRSTLINE-AMI), Circulation 112, 3097–3106, ing in human brain, Nature Medicine 11, 703– Nishida K et al., Corneal reconstruction 15 November 2005. 704, July 2005. with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed Ince H et al., Prevention of left ventricular Slevin JT et al., Improvement of bilateral of autologous oral mucosal epithelium, New remodeling with granulocyte colony-stimu- motor functions in patients with Parkinson

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4365 disease through the unilateral phamide (200 mg/kg) and rabbit Back in August of 2001, President intraputaminal infusion of glial cell line-de- antithymocyte globulin (4.5 mg/kg). Bush greatly limited the number of rived neurotrophic factor, Journal of Neuro- Main Outcome Measures: Morbidity and embryonic stem cells that were avail- mortality from transplantation and tem- surgery 102, 216–222, February 2005. able for federally funded research. Gill SS et al.; ‘‘Direct brain infusion of poral changes in exogenous insulin require- glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in ments (daily dose and duration of usage). Those limits were based on inaccurate Parkinson disease’’; Nature Medicine 9, 589– Secondary end points: serum levels of hemo- science and ideology, and they have re- 595; May 2003 (published online 31 March globin A1C, C-peptide levels during the stricted our ability to make progress. 2003). mixed-meal tolerance test, and anti-glu- At the time, the White House said Spinal Cord Injury tamic acid decarboxylase antibody titers there were 78 stem cell lines available measured before and at different times fol- for federally funded research, but now Lima C et al., Olfactory mucosa auto lowing AHST. grafts in human spinal cord injury: A pilot Results: During a 7- to 36-month follow-up we know there are only 21 such lines. clinical study, Journal of Spinal Cord Medi- (mean 18.8),14 patients became insulin-free (1 Researchers, those men and woman cine 29, 191–203, July 2006. for 35 months, 4 for at least 21 months, 7 for whom we count on to find cures to the LIVER DISEASE at least 6 months; and 2 with late response diseases that impact so many, believe Chronic Liver Disease were insulin-free for 1 and 5 months, respec- it is imperative to have access to tively). Among those, 1 patient resumed in- Gordon MY et al., Characterisation and newer, more promising stem cell lines sulin use 1 year after AHST. At 6 months clinical application of human CD34+ stem/ that do not pose the risk of contamina- after AHST, mean total area under the C- progenitor cell populations mobilised into peptide response curve was significantly tion. the blood by G–CSF, Stem Cells 24, 1822–1830, greater than the pretreatment values, and at The first consequence of the Presi- July 2006; published online March 30, 2006. 12 and 24 months it did not change. Anti-glu- dent’s restriction has been to limit Liver Cirrhosis tamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels de- hope and to limit progress for families Terai S et al., Improved liver function in creased after 6 months and stabilized at 12 who suffer from these diseases. The liver cirrhosis patients after autologous bone and 24 months. Serum levels of hemoglobin second impact has been to push embry- marrow cell fusion therapy, Stem Cells pub- A1C were maintained at less than 7% in 13 of onic stem cell research overseas. That lished online 15 June 2006; DOI: 10.1634/ 14 patients. The only acute severe adverse ef- means that our country is falling be- fect was culture-negative bilateral pneu- stemcells.2005–0542. hind other countries in a cutting-edge BLADDER DISEASE monia in 1 patient and late endocrine dysfunction (hypothyroidism or hypogonadism) field. End-Stage Bladder Disease in 2 others. There was no mortality. Because of the President’s imposed Atala A et al., Tissue-engineered Conclusions: High-dose immunosup- arbitrary limits, we are now in this autologous bladders for patients needing pression and AHST were performed with ac- country surrendering our scientific cytoplasty, The Lancet 367, 1241–1246, 15 ceptable toxicity in a small number of pa- leadership to other countries. That can April 2006. tients with newly diagnosed type 1 DM. With have far-reaching consequences for our EXHIBIT 4 AHST, beta cell function was increased in all economy and for our future. [From the Journal of the American Medical but 1 patient and induced prolonged insulin My State of Washington is home to Association, Apr. 11, 2007] independence in the majority of the patients. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Iden- world-class research institutions such AUTOLOGOUS NONMYELOABLATIVE HEMATOPOI- tifier: NCT00315133. as the University of Washington. I ETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- want our country and institutions such NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 1 DIABETES as that to be the leading edge of sci- MELLITUS ator from Washington is recognized. Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I yield entific frontiers so our country and all Julio C. Voltarelli, MD, PhD; Carlos E.B. of us can benefit from the new ad- Couri, MD, PhD; Ana B.P.L. Stracieri, MD, myself 10 minutes from this side. PhD; Maria C. Oliveira, MD, MSc; Daniela A. Mr. President, I come to the floor vances. Moraes, MD; Fabiano Pieroni, MD, PhD; Ma- today to speak out in strong support of The bill we are considering today and rina Coutinho, MD, MSc; Kelen C.R. the promising research that can save will vote on this evening will lift the Malmegrim, PhD; Maria C. Foss-Freitas, lives and bring hope to millions of President’s arbitrary restrictions and MD, PhD; Belinda P. Simo˜ es, MD, PhD; Mil- Americans. I will vote for the Stem put in place expanded research under ton C. Foss, MD, PhD; Elizabeth Squiers, Cell Enhancement Act of 2007, and I strict ethical guidelines. It would di- MD; and Richard K. Burt, MD. urge all of our colleagues to do so. rect the Department of Health and Context: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) re- More importantly, I urge President Human Services to conduct and sup- sults from a cell-mediated autoimmune at- port research on stem cells that are de- tack against pancreatic beta cells. Previous Bush to finally hear the voices of sci- animal and clinical studies suggest that entists, medical leaders, patients, and rived from frozen embryos that are now moderate immunosuppression in newly diag- more than 500 organizations that have stored in fertility clinics that would nosed type 1 DM can prevent further loss of said loudly and clearly that it is time otherwise be destroyed. This bill also insulin production and can reduce insulin for promising research to move forward promotes research into finding alter- needs. in this country. It is time to take the native ways to derive stem cells that Objective: To determine the safety and handcuffs off of our scientists, those do not involve the destruction of an metabolic effects of high-dose immunosup- who say they will then be able to pur- embryo. This bill imposes strong eth- pression followed by autologous ical guidelines. In fact, the guidelines nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell sue what all Americans are hoping for transplantation (AHST) in newly diagnosed and promising research for so many in this bill are even stricter than the type 1 DM. diseases that impact so many of our President’s policy. Design, Setting, and Participants: A pro- families. For too long, this President Embryonic stem cell research is a spective phase 1/2 study of 15 patients with has allowed politics and ideology to relatively young field. These cells were type 1 DM (aged 14–31 years) diagnosed with- trump lifesaving research. We have to not even isolated in humans until 1998. in the previous 6 weeks by clinical findings correct that mistake. The bill, S. 5, we Scientists believe that embryonic stem and hyperglycemia and confirmed with posi- are considering today shows us how. cells are more valuable than adult tive antibodies against glutamic acid Throughout this country, Americans stem cells because they can develop decarboxylase. Enrollment was November 2003–July 2006 with observation until Feb- are suffering from diseases such as Par- into any type of cell or tissue in the ruary 2007 at the Bone Marrow Transplan- kinson’s, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, mul- body. Think of all the veterans who are tation Unit of the School of Medicine of tiple sclerosis, and they and their fami- coming home from the war in Iraq who Ribeira˜ o Preto, Ribeira˜ o Preto, Brazil. Pa- lies are looking to us for help. We have have spinal cord injuries. Think of all tients with previous diabetic ketoacidosis scientists and researchers who are so the veterans of the first gulf war who were excluded after the first patient with di- eager to provide that help, but today, are now being diagnosed with multiple abetic ketoacidosis failed to benefit from as we all know, their hands are tied by sclerosis and who could be helped by AHST. Hematopoietic stem cells were mobi- 2 the arbitrary restrictions President this promising research. lized with cyclophosphamide (2.0 g/m ) and In my own family, I have seen up granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (10 μg/ Bush imposed back in 2001. kg per day) and then collected from periph- I believe we can allow research on close and personally the impact a dis- eral blood by leukapheresis and embryonic stem cells, and we can do so ease such as multiple sclerosis can cryopreserved. The cells were injected intra- with strong ethical guidelines that are have. When I was 15 years old, my dad venously after conditioning with cyclophos- required under this legislation. was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 I saw him in just a few years going Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, we are been told, are not very healthy. So the from working to being someone who getting close to the end of the debate, restrictions we have had by the Bush was home in a wheelchair every single we have some floor time in the next administration, since August 9, 2001, day every single minute. For the rest hour or so to go back and forth. I have resulted in a situation where of his life, my father was confined to a thought I might take a few moments fewer and fewer viable good stem cell wheelchair. I can’t tell you what a pro- now to talk about why it is so nec- lines are available for NIH researchers. found impact that had on my family. essary to have NIH do this kind of re- However, during that same period of My mom had to stay home and raise search, to oversee this research. The time in other sectors, we have derived myself and my six brothers and sisters. Senator from Oklahoma said that a lot over 400 different cell lines. Yet no one She had to go back to work and get a of research is going on now on embry- who gets NIH funding is able to do any job and she had to stay home and take onic stem cells. To be sure, it is. It is research on these healthy embryonic care of him, all at the same time. It going on in different States, in private stem cell lines. That is why we need to was a very difficult time for my fam- institutions, in England and Australia develop these. We need to expand it. ily. The medical bills were amazing. and France and Japan and Singapore That is what S. 5 does. S. 5 takes off The challenges my family went and a few other countries. Why do we the handcuffs. It lets us use, under through because of my dad’s illness want to get the Federal Government strict ethical guidelines, those em- were incredible. I can only imagine involved? First, there is no other area bryos that are slated to be discarded at what it might have been like had there of medical research in which we say IVF clinics. With all due respect to my been a cure for MS for my family and the Federal Government should step friend from Georgia, S. 30 does not do for thousands of others. When I was aside and let the States do it. I know of that. S. 5, if passed, will do everything growing up, the promise of this type of no other area of medical research. that S. 30 wants to do. If S. 5 passes, research was not even on the horizon. I always look at the human genome what they want to do in S. 30 can be Today that potential is in our hands. project. What if we had said to the done by NIH. The problem with S. 30 is, We need to do everything we can to States: We are not going to do it. You if S. 30 passes and S. 5 doesn’t, then S. make sure that that research is done so do it. They might have sequenced one 30 is very limited. It says you can only families such as mine have hope and gene or another or let the private sec- use these few embryos that are natu- opportunity in the future. tor do it. They would have been getting rally dead which, by the way, I don’t I hope we don’t see it continually patents on it or everything like. Now think there is such a scientific term, blocked by an ideological policy that we have the mapping and sequencing of but it has been bandied about here and puts politics over science. It is time to the entire human gene, and you can go it is in the bill. There is no such sci- change course and put our Government online and get it, free to everybody. entific delineation of what is naturally on the side of the patients and their Any researcher anywhere can get it. dead. families and to give them hope again. Now they may take that and develop it So that is the situation we are in. S. Last month the Director of the Na- into drugs and therapies. That is fine. 5 will do both. It will open new stem tional Institutes of Health told us: That is that sort of symbiotic relation- cell lines with ethical guidelines. It [I]t is clear today that American science ship we have developed very well be- will allow them to extract stem cells would be better served and the nation would tween the private pharmaceutical in- from these nonviable embryos. S. 30 be better served if we let our scientists have dustry and the basic research industry, will not. S. 30 still will not permit us access to more cell lines . . . which is NIH. to get the healthy stem cell lines our The NIH Director said that existing Again, our National Institutes of researchers need. That is why we need lines will not be sufficient for the re- Health should be involved in overseeing to pass S. 5. search that needs to be done, and he this, because if we don’t have a coher- Mr. President, how much time do I said that adult stem cells do not have ent Federal policy on stem cells, each have remaining? the same potential as embryonic stem State writes its own rules. That means The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cells. That is the scientific view of the that different States may have dif- ator has 21⁄2 minutes remaining. Director of the National Institutes of ferent ethical guidelines. One State Mr. HARKIN. I will conclude my 21⁄2 Health. The Senate and the President would be different from another. You minutes then by referring to the other would be very wise to heed his counsel. would wind up with a patchwork quilt chart. Again, we have to keep in mind I know what it is like to grow up of laws. Then you would wind up with that the policy now in effect, the pol- with someone who has a serious illness. States competing against each other. icy in effect right now says we could I can only imagine what it would have So California gets to doing stem cell use Federal money to examine and do been like to know there was hope and research, and what it does is, it hires research on embryonic stem cells that a chance for a cure. I know of many researchers away from Missouri. Then were derived prior to 9 p.m., August 9, families out there who have been wait- Missouri is hiring people away from 2001. But we can’t use Federal money ing for this day in the Senate, for us to Iowa and then Ohio. Then New York is to examine or to do research on stem vote and pass this important stem cell trying to bid people away from Ohio. cells derived after 9 p.m., August 9, research bill. I commend Senator HAR- You get this terrible State-versus- 2001. Those are morally unacceptable. KIN for his perseverance in coming State kind of competition in stem cell Before 9 p.m., August 9, 2001, that is back and again pushing at this as one research. morally OK. After 9 p.m., it is not mor- of the first pieces of legislation we con- We don’t want that. We ought to be ally OK. Who decided that 9 p.m. on sider in this Congress. We all know it doing it on a national basis, a national August 9, 2001, was some kind of moral has a ways to go. We know the Presi- effort, and we should not lose the inter- dividing line, that stem cells derived dent has said he might veto it. I hope national leadership we have always had before that, that is OK, but stem cells he doesn’t. I hope he sends a message in biomedical research. Should we give derived after that, that is not OK? Only to some young girl out there whose dad it up to Singapore or to Korea or Eng- one person decided that, and that was has just been diagnosed with multiple land? No. We have always been the President Bush. sclerosis that we are a country of hope leader in the world in biomedical re- The people of this country didn’t de- once again. search, and we should continue. cide that. Ethicists didn’t decide that. I urge my colleagues to vote for S. 5. Secondly, the issue of why we have to Theologians didn’t decide that. Sci- I look forward to its passage today, expand our stem cell policy. Again, I entists didn’t decide that. President moving through conference. I hope it repeat, for the sake of emphasis, of Bush decided that. It is sheer hypocrisy will be signed by the President. those 78 cell lines that were supposedly to say we can fund those before, but we I yield the floor. available on August 9, 2001, only 21 can’t fund those after. That is the situ- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, how have been available. A lot of them are ation we find ourselves in today. much time remains? sick. They are not propagating prop- Let’s take off the handcuffs. Let’s get The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- erly. They are unhealthy. Right now rid of that fake moral dividing line ator from Iowa has 7 minutes remain- NIH is only using between four and six that has no substance in reality and ing. of these lines and even they, I have let’s get on with finding the cures for

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4367 people with Parkinson’s and Alz- to create a full range of pluripotent I grew up in the 1950s and 1960s. In heimer’s and spinal cord injuries. That embryonic stem cells. By the way, if the 1960s, I am reminded of a statement is what S. 5 is all about. you are just using IVF stem cells, it is I heard—often repeated—by then Sen- I yield the floor. a narrow universe. But with the dead ator and previously Attorney General The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who embryo and the altered nuclear trans- Robert Kennedy. I remember a par- yields time? fer, you can cover every race and eth- ticular speech he made, when, having The Senator from Minnesota. nic group in America. returned from Biafra, where there was Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. President, I The science has gotten way ahead of a terrible famine at that time, he said: thank my colleague, the Senator from the politics. We can put ideology aside. Some people see things as they are, and Georgia, for his leadership on this We can put political division aside. We ask, why?—referring to famine. I— issue, his passion, his knowledge. He is can offer real hope and real advance- meaning him—see things as they never not a biologist, but I have learned more ment without crossing a moral line. were and ask, why not? about God and principle and stem cell Why wouldn’t we do that? I hope my That is what this is all about. Why lines from that former real estate guy colleagues see the wisdom in offering not find cures? And why not find ways than the many doctors I have talked hope, in moving the science forward, to seek those cures that pass the test to. and not falling victim to a Presidential we desire to pass that S. 30 portends? I I also thank my colleague from Iowa. veto, but that, in the end, by next year have stated on more than one occasion I went to law school at the University saying we have more Federal dollars the methodology and the derivation of of Iowa. I think I have some Iowa these stem cells. It has been questioned roots. The Senator from Iowa has been going into embryonic stem cell research, research on pluripotent stem a couple of times, but facts are stub- a champion of those with disabilities, born. BGO1, BG02, and BG03, currently of disability rights, a champion of hope cells, stem cells that have the capacity to be perhaps anything. We don’t know, under the investment domain of the for a long time. In this debate there is National Institutes of Health—lines for so much we agree on. Where we dis- but there is still hope. There is a lot of research that has to which diabetes research, neurological agree, though, is that S. 30 is not about progenitor cell research, and other re- a few small lines. S. 30 is about opening go into it, but we can open the doors with the passage of S. 30. I urge my col- search takes place at this very day— up embryonic stem cell research, re- were all derived from embryos that had search on pluripotent embryonic stem leagues to vote for S. 30. With that, I yield the floor and yield passed the seventh day following in cells, in part, one technique being dead vitro fertilization, were naturally dead embryos; another technique being al- back the remainder of our time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- or arrested but contained pluripotent ternate nuclear transfer, all of which embryonic stem cells. have numerous scientists who say ator from Georgia. Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, it is I might add, in vitro fertilization there is hope for moving the science my understanding, according to the takes place every day in the United forward, and we could do it in a way unanimous consent agreement, we have States of America. My family has been that doesn’t involve the destruction of touched by it. Many families have been the human embryo so we don’t cross a four 10-minute periods. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- touched by it. In each of those proc- moral line but we have all the research esses, the development of those em- we want. ator is correct. Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, it is bryos goes through the three stages I You may ask: How can something so have referred to: Gardner principle I, small be so important? To my right is further my understanding the first of those four periods is controlled by me; the first 72 hours; Gardner principle II, a chart showing a pinhead. These are the next 4 days; and then those there- the embryonic stem cells right there. is that correct? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Each after where the cells stop dividing, They are the size of a pinhead. That is where the pluripotent stem cells exist how big they are. How could something Senator controls 10 minutes in no particular order. but the embryo is not implanted. so small be so important? Size is not Now, there have been some who have the measure of moral meaning. If you Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I will take that time as allocated. talked about: Well, there is no evidence look at it, this point of view from outer of success yet in stem cells. I join Sen- space, and look at the people, that is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Georgia is recognized for 10 ator HARKIN in his statement that the small, but that crowd has meaning. If only way you find out about evidence you look at it from a universe perspec- minutes. Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I thank of success is by doing the research. But tive to the Earth, boy, that is really I want to read something I think is im- small. You can’t even see it. It is not the Senator from Iowa and the Senator from Minnesota for their diligent work portant and I am proud to share be- even the size of a pinhead. Or our gal- cause research that has been done on axy, if I had a picture of the universe, over the last 2 days on the floor of the Senate dealing with this issue. I ad- BGO1 and 03—two of those three lines our galaxy would be the size of a pin- derived in this methodology—have had head. What we are talking about today mire the passion of both. I am so pleased their passion is rooted in their significant research conducted on them has meaning. We have an opportunity in a number of areas. This has a little belief, which I share, that we can move in this country to come together and bit of technical language, but it ex- science forward, that we can enhance put the politics aside, the ideological presses the promise and the hope the research for what are currently incur- divisions aside. The debate over Fed- Senator from Iowa and I and the Sen- able diseases, and that we can do so in eral funding, which has been long- ator from Minnesota have all talked the public domain. standing Federal policy, we do not pro- about. I quote: vide Federal funding for the destruc- Senator HARKIN made a very good statement—he has made a number of The directed differentiation of BGO1 and tion of a human embryo, and we don’t BG03 cells to neuroepithelia and multiple have to. We come together with the good statements, but he made a good differentiated neuronal lineages, including same intention. We come together with statement a little bit ago about why cells expressing multiple markers of the the same perspective, with the same NIH is important. NIH is important be- midbrain dopaminergic lineage, has pre- hope. cause the research gets in the public viously been demonstrated. There are two paths to follow. One is domain, not in the proprietary domain ‘‘Previously been demonstrated.’’ S. 5, which will be vetoed and, in the of an investor or someone who is hop- That statement was confirming the re- end, what we will have tomorrow in ing to find something but does not search on BG01 and 03, designed to see terms of research is what we have want to share that with anybody else. if there was a way to develop neuro- today, well intentioned, but again, un- So it is important to find a way to get logical cells that could carry the hope fortunately, because the moral line is the NIH investment in the embryonic for cures to spinal cord injury and, in crossed and the division that will cre- stem cell research. S. 5 and S. 30 ap- fact, to neurological cell or brain cell ate, it will be vetoed. There will be no proach it from a different direction, injury. movement forward. but the goal in the end is the same; From the research on those three But if we pass S. 30, we have the op- that is, to further the science and to lines, a patent is now pending on a neu- portunity to move the science forward, find cures. rological progenitor cell process, which

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4368 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 is a real advancement from embryonic To those who raise questions about lic and private sectors—is of historical sig- stem cell research, from embryonic the ethicality of this bill, I answer this nificance, it is only the end of the beginning stem cells derived from level III Gard- way: If it was ethical to implement in a new era of our understanding of the bio- ner principle derivation or those de- logical sciences. Over your next eight years such a policy in 2001—and I have heard in office, you have an unprecedented oppor- rived from an arrested or a dead em- little criticism about that—then it tunity to provide the personal leadership re- bryo. should be ethical to adopt S. 5 as well. quired to see to it that your Administration So I would submit my passion for S. Let me underscore the need for this will be remembered by future historians as 30 is in the hope of finding cures, in the bill with what one of the leading em- the beginning of the end for such deadly and hope of avoiding a veto, and, instead, bryonic stem cell researchers in our debilitating diseases as cancer, Alzheimer’s having an investment in the further- country has had to say. I am speaking and diabetes. ance of science that can grow exponen- about the University of Utah’s eminent That is what S. 5 is all about—pro- tially because of the unlimited moral researcher, Dr. Mario Cappecchi. viding a potential new avenue of re- and ethical access that would exist to- For the benefit of each Senator, the search that may lead to treatments ward these stem cells. doctor has boiled down the arguments and cures for many diseases that afflict I conclude by encouraging all the in favor of the Government funding many families across our Nation and Members of the Senate to thoughtfully embryonic stem cell research. I think the world. consider S. 30 and encourage them to it bears repeating, as this is knowledge While I have no objections to S. 30, vote for it as a step in the right direc- crucial to each Member’s under- let us not delude ourselves into think- tion, the opening of a door that has, in standing of what is one of the most ing it is the best solution. S. 5 is the fact, not been shut but stuck, and an critical issues facing this body today. bill that will clearly make a signifi- opportunity to do what everybody in Indeed, I believe history will judge us cant difference in the future of medical this Chamber has stated affirmatively very harshly if we allow this great op- research for all of the reasons I have they want to do; that is, provide hope portunity to pass us by. We have to outlined today. for those who do not have it, expand re- support this research which to date For those who oppose any type of em- search in the public domain at the Na- holds forth more promise than other bryonic stem cell research, let me say tional Institutes of Health, and invest types of stem cell inquiry. In the inter- this: For the life of me, I cannot under- tax dollars ethically in a process that est of all those who suffer from debili- stand how we can destroy 7,000 to 20,000 brings a promise of hope to every sin- tating diseases and hope for deliver- live in vitro fertilized eggs every gle American. ance, I implore my colleagues to vote year—just destroy them, kill them— Mr. President, I yield back my time. for S. 5 and send a clear message to the without using those for the benefit of— The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- American people that we want this re- let’s just choose one malady—kids with ator from Iowa is recognized. search to be expanded for the good of diabetes, virulent diabetes, who might Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, again, lose their eyes, their hands, their feet. let me ask, we have, I guess, 20 min- mankind—of all mankind. There should be Federal funding for Why wouldn’t we do everything in our utes; is that right? power to utilize those rather than cast The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- embryonic stem cell research because: No. 1, it is a potential source of cures; them aside as hospital waste? I cannot ator from Iowa controls 10 minutes. understand that. That is not pro-life; The designee of the majority leader No. 2, embryonic stem cells grow quickly and are versatile; No. 3, in con- that is prodeath. Frankly, being pro- controls 10 minutes. life is not just caring for the unborn, it Mr. HARKIN. Yes. I yield 5 minutes trast, adult stem cells grow slowly; No. 4, adult stem cells are very restricted is caring for the living as well. to the Senator from Utah. While I will be voting for both S. 5 in what cell types they can produce; Mr. HATCH. I thank my colleague. and S. 30, I believe that S. 5 is clearly The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- No. 5, the tissue in many important or- preferable to S. 30. S. 5 permits Federal ator from Utah is recognized for 5 min- gans does not have adult stem cells so funding for embryonic stem cell re- utes. therapies for diseases involving those search, S. 30 does not. S. 5 is the bill Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I am tissues would not be readily approach- that will clearly make a significant going to vote for S. 30. I do not think able by adult stem cell-based therapy; difference in the future of medical re- it does anything more than the current No. 6, the usefulness of existing embry- search for all of the reasons I have outlaw is but, nevertheless, I appreciate onic stem cell lines is extremely lim- lined today. the intentions of the two Senators, my ited; No. 7, somatic cell nuclear trans- I urge all of my colleagues to vote in dear friends, who have done this. fer is an important research tool; No. 8, Mr. President, as this debate draws favor of S. 5. SCNT allows production of patient-spe- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to a close, I want to take one last op- cific stem cells to treat complex ator has used 5 minutes. portunity to give my strong endorse- human diseases like Alzheimer’s and Mr. HATCH. I thank my dear col- ment to the need for our country to Parkinson’s; No. 9, lack of Government league for allowing me to make those provide a better level of support for a commitment means lack of future re- remarks on the floor. This is an impor- very promising line of scientific in- searchers; and No. 10, the health and tant debate. I hope we can get the 67 quiry: embryonic stem cell research. economic implications of human stem votes that are essential because we are While I will vote in favor of both cell research are enormous. Other going to get them someday. It is just, bills, it is S. 5, the Stem Cell Research countries have realized this; we are in why put it off another 2 years? Enhancement Act of 2007, that provides grave danger of falling behind. I thank my colleague. the promise of making a dramatic, yet I read Dr. Cappecchi’s points again The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ethical, difference in the lives of so for one reason—I want all of my col- ator from Iowa is recognized. many. S. 5 offers people hope who have leagues to recognize that much is Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I thank no hope today. S. 5 has the potential to weighing in the balance on today’s my colleague, my friend from Utah, for save lives. S. 5 opens up a door to med- vote. a very strong, very powerful, poignant ical research that offers much promise Therefore, I ask my colleagues to statement. There has been no stronger to both the scientific community and consider carefully the positions they leader in this Senate on health, life the patient community. And why is take today. issues than Senator HATCH. I thank that? Because S. 5 allows the Federal In the interests of all those who suf- him for his support of S. 5. Government to fund the most prom- fer from debilitating diseases and hope Mr. President, I yield 5 minutes to ising line of stem cell research—embry- for deliverance, I urge my colleagues to Senator SMITH of Oregon. onic stem cell research—and S. 30 does vote for S. 5. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- not. Let me close by making a point I ator from Oregon is recognized. Make no mistake about it. Under the made to President Bush back in 2001: Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I thank current policy, the President’s policy, In the opening days of your term in office, Senator HATCH and Senator HARKIN for our Government does support embry- scientists have completed the task of se- their leadership on this vital issue. onic stem cell research. All S. 5 would quencing the human genome. While this ac- The Senate today has conducted a do is expand that policy. complishment—the work of many in the pub- very dignified debate on an issue that

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4369 brings us right to the edge of science The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- research. To leave it up to the States and faith. I have argued for several ator has 10 minutes of time as designee means we will have a patchwork quilt years now that science and faith need of the majority leader. of laws all over this country when it not be in conflict on this issue. I have Mr. HARKIN. I thought I had 12 min- should be a national effort—a national always supported in vitro fertilization, utes left, until 5:15. Well, anyway, in effort. Then we will have States bid- believing that is a noble way to help closing, first let me thank my col- ding against one another for scientists infertile couples to be parents. leagues, Senator ISAKSON, Senator to come to their States to do this re- Today in America there are probably COLEMAN, Senator BROWNBACK, and search. We don’t want that to happen. a million children who are now Ameri- others who have participated in this Lastly, we cannot afford to lose our cans because of this process. The inevi- debate. It has been a very informed and global leadership in biomedical re- table consequence, however, of in vitro a very good debate over the last 2 days. search. We, the United States of Amer- fertilization is that excess embryos are I thank my colleague, Senator ISAK- ica, have always been the world’s lead- created. The question we are debating SON, for his many courtesies. There er in biomedical research. All the great is, frankly, whether they constitute were a lot of things we agree on and ob- scientific discoveries, whether it is the human life, when does life begin. viously there are things we disagree polio vaccine, smallpox, all these My colleague, Senator HATCH, has ar- on, but that is the march of legislation things that have made our lives better; gued nobly and long for the proposition in the Senate. I wish to thank Senator all the new drugs we have for fighting that life begins not with a scientist, it ISAKSON and others for their speeches AIDS around the world came from the begins with a mother. It begins when and for their insight into this very im- United States. All the cancer interven- cells and spirit are joined to create a portant issue. I particularly wish to tions, the reason cancer is now on the living soul. If you have an embryo in a thank Senator HATCH and Senator decline is because of biomedical re- petri dish and you leave it there for SMITH for their great leadership on this search in this country. We can’t afford 1,000 years, at the end of that time, you and so many other health issues in the to lose that to other countries. We will have an embryo in a petri dish for Senate and for their very poignant, need to keep it in America. the simple, logical reason that life be- very powerful statements they made on So what it comes down to in the final gins with mom. Life begins with the the Senate floor. analysis is simply this: If you want to joining of flesh and the spirit. Then the I started this whole debate yesterday promote good science, vote for S. 5. If question becomes: Is it more moral to morning by talking about hope, hope you want strong ethical standards, S. 5 throw all these embryos away or is it for cures for Parkinson’s, to repair spi- has the strongest ethical guidelines, more moral to allow them to be uti- nal cord injuries, to end the scourge of stronger than what the Bush adminis- lized for medical miracles? I have juvenile diabetes, to lift the death sen- tration has right now and stronger reached the conclusion that we cannot tence of those afflicted with Lou than any other bill that has come behave tomorrow’s miracles if we tie sci- Gehrig’s disease, or ALS, hope for fam- fore the floor of the Senate. If you entists’ hands with yesterday’s rules. ilies with someone lost to Alzheimer’s want to move ahead with more cell lines, as Dr. Zerhouni wants, S. 5 is the I believe we can, consistent with reli- disease. S. 5, the bill before us that will bill that will provide those cell lines. If gion, faith, science, and logic, allow be our first vote, is a bill that provides you want to put embryonic stem cell embryonic stem cell research to pro- this hope, not a hope based on dreams research into overdrive, to make it a ceed. We should do this because it is or fiction but based on solid scientific national priority to do this research, S. morally right. We should do this be- foundation. It is why 525 disease-re- 5 will put it into overdrive. If you want cause the U.S. Government needs to lated groups and research institutions to say to Karli Borcherding right here, show up to work on this vital issue. We and universities all support S. 5, be- age 12, using 120 needles a month to should do this because the resources we cause it has solid scientific foundation. give herself insulin shots because she can provide and the ethical boundaries It is why the Director of NIH, Dr. has juvenile diabetes; if you want to we can create are essential for this new Zerhouni, recently said more embry- say to Karli Borcherding and all the area of science to go forward, giving us onic stem cell lines needed to be inves- other kids with juvenile diabetes, if a chance to cure some of the most hor- tigated: you want to say to them that we are rible maladies that afflict humankind, It is clear today that American science going to give you hope, we are going to whether it is Lou Gehrig’s, whether it would be better served and the Nation would be better served if we let our scientists have give you hope that your diabetes will is Parkinson’s, childhood diabetes, can- access to more cell lines. be cured, hope that you can live a full cer, and more. We can’t overpromise, That is what S. 5 does: provides more and normal life; if you want to say to but the people afflicted with this that cell lines. those families who have a loved one I see all the time in the State of Or- It is why the former Director of NIH, suffering from Alzheimer’s, we are egon need our best effort, and they Dr. Varmus, a Nobel laureate, supports going to give you hope; if you want to need us to keep hope alive. S. 5, to take the handcuffs off our sci- say to those who have a family member So I urge my colleagues to vote for entists. I wish to make it again abun- suffering from Parkinson’s disease or both the bills before us today because dantly clear, as there has been a lot of under the death sentence of ALS, we it is a morally right thing to do. It is misinformation in the last couple of are going to give you hope—hope not a pro-life thing to do. It is important days on the floor, that S. 5 somehow based upon fiction, not based upon that an ethic of life care for the unborn contains money for the destruction of some will-of-the-wisp thoughts that as well as for those who are living, embryos. That is not true. I challenge somebody might have but hope based both the sanctity of life and the qual- anyone to show me in the bill any- on solid science that scientists know ity of life. where where it contains any money for we can use. I believe life begins with mom, not in the destruction of embryos. It is sim- We have already taken embryonic a science lab. Because of that, I am ply not true. Anyone who says other- stem cells and made nerve cells, motor voting for this, and I do so with respect wise is simply not being accurate. neurons, bone cells, heart muscle cells. for the feelings of my colleagues who There are those who say: Well, the We know that it can be done. Yet our have a different theological conclusion. Federal Government shouldn’t get in- scientists are handcuffed today because I believe that scripture and science are volved. We can leave it up to the States of the policy laid down by President not in conflict on this issue and that and private entities. Well, we can’t do Bush on August 9 of 2001. It is time to life begins with mother. that. We need coherence. We need to lift those restrictions. With that I yield the floor, and I urge have the crown jewel of the Federal Some say the President will veto this and affirm the vote on both these im- Government, the National Institutes of bill. We can’t decide what we do around portant pieces of legislation. Health, to oversee this so we have here because a President—any Presi- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. good, strong ethical guidelines, so we dent—threatens to veto something. We OBAMA). Who yields time? have compatibility, so we have the have to do what is right. We have to do Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, how kind of interplay between scientists what the people of America want us to much time remains? that is necessary to advance scientific do. We have to do what is in the best

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4370 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 interests of this country as we see our The Senator from Kansas, under the the human embryo is a human life, so duty to do it. I hope the President will previous agreement, is now controlling how should we treat it? sign this bill. I hope he will see we have time and has 10 minutes. Human life has immeasurable value— made our compromises, that we have Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I we can all agree on that—from the strong ethical guidelines, that this is want to give two numbers to my col- youngest to the oldest. Human beings the way to give hope to Karli leagues: 613 and zero—$613 million are ends in themselves. It is wrong to Borcherding. spent on embryonic stem cell research use any human as a means to an end, So I hope we don’t fall prey to: Well, since 2002 and the number of human period. That has happened in human we can’t pass this because the Presi- treatments we have to show for it, history before. It has always been re- dent will veto it. We have to do what which is zero, 613 to zero. I think those gretted. Our value is intrinsic. Yes, we we think is right. The right thing to do are two important numbers to remem- want to help and treat people with is to support S. 5. As Senator HATCH so ber when what we are after is cures, medical conditions, but we must not eloquently said, let those thousands of and we have cures to show. We have trample upon any human to achieve embryos that are being discarded every cures that are working, and we can such a good end. year in in vitro fertilization clinics, let take the next $613 million and invest it Treatments. There remain no embry- them be used to provide life to other in places that are getting cures, such onic human treatments or applications people, hope to Karli Borcherding, hope as adult stem cells, cord blood, and despite 25 years of embryonic work in for people suffering from multiple scle- amniotic fluid. animal models and a decade of work rosis, spinal cord injuries. To me, that Do we want to spend another $613 with human embryonic stem cells, and is the true ethical course to take. That million and use Federal taxpayer dol- $613 million has been invested since is the guideline I think we must follow. lars to destroy young human life in the 2002 at the Federal level. That doesn’t Let those embryos be used to provide process—an ethical boundary we have include States, private, and other gov- hope to these people. not thought wise to cross before? Do we ernments. Mr. President, I see my colleague and want to cross that boundary and spend What we have learned about embry- a cosponsor of our bill who has been a more money and still not get results, onic stem cells is that these cells form leader on this issue for so many years, when we have a proven route we can tumors when implanted. The scientific and I yield the remainder of our time take? literature abounds with such stories. If to Senator SPECTER of Pennsylvania. I urge my colleagues to reject and you read this article from ‘‘Stem The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- vote against S. 5 on two grounds. No. 1, Cells,’’ you will find this: ator from Pennsylvania is recognized. ethical grounds. Embryonic stem cell The expression of the insulin gene could be Mr. SPECTER. Mr. President, on so research, even if presented in sup- demonstrated only when the cells differen- many merits, the support has been posedly ethical terms, remains uneth- tiated in vivo into teratomas. overwhelming to allow Federal funds ical, with the destruction of human Those are tumors. to be used for embryonic stem cell re- life. No. 2, practical grounds. We don’t Moving from the ethical to the prac- search. There are 400,000 of these em- have an infinite budget, and in the tical, should we put millions or billions bryos which will be discarded. If they stem cell field, we need to put our of dollars into speculative research on can produce life, no one would want to money into areas where we are getting these tumor-forming embryonic stem have research done. The fact is we ap- real results—the adult field—and not cells or should we put our money where propriated $2 million and only about divert them to the speculative embry- we are already getting strong results 135,000 of those 400,000 embryos have onic stem cell field. Let the private with adult stem cells? been used. So it is a matter of use them sector or the States do it. If they want I have this. It is the front page of the or lose them, pure and simple. to go into these areas, they can do so. research journals on adult and cord The only reason not to advance this Let me discuss ethics. Will we sanc- blood stem cell research and the suc- research is on the life issue, and that is tion the destruction of nascent human cesses since 2002. Are there similar files gone. We have had some of the life with Federal taxpayer dollars? for embryonic stem cells? No, there are staunchest pro-life supporters in this That is the central question sur- none. Adult stem cells have no ethical Chamber endorsing this bill and this rounding S. 5. Those voting for it strings attached. You can get them concept. The potential for medical re- would say yes. I say no. I respect my from an adult without causing the pa- search to cure or ameliorate the worst colleagues who look at this differently, tient harm; you can harvest them from maladies of our era will be present with but those are the facts. rich cord blood, and, as noted in the the use of embryonic stem cell re- No. 2, individuals should be treated Journal of the American Medical Asso- search. What is involved here is when with respect, whoever they are, wher- ciation on March 7 of this year, they the people of the United States will ever they are located, at whatever age can be obtained from amniotic fluid demonstrate sufficient political will to or stage of life they are in. We should without causing harm to the unborn insist that the Congress and the White avoid prejudices. Each individual has child. House adopt legislation to use Federal an inalienable right to life. When we started this debate yester- funding for embryonic stem cell re- Claims that embryos are merely ‘‘po- day, we were aware of at least 72 peer- search. That is the only question. tential life’’ are not supported by the reviewed, real human treatments and We started this on December 2, 1998, science. From biology textbooks, we applications using adult stem cells. with the first hearing, and we have learn: Now, with the breaking news yesterday made a fair amount of progress. It is Although life is a continuous process, fer- on juvenile diabetes from Northwestern my hope the President will sign the bill tilization is a critical landmark because, University in Chicago, worked on in and not veto it, but he has already said under ordinary circumstances, a new, geneti- Brazil, we are at 73. Again, there re- he will veto the bill. So with 110 mil- cally distinct human organism is thereby main no embryonic stem cell applica- lion Americans directly, personally, or formed. . . . tions. indirectly, through families with a It takes place in the beginning. The I say to my colleagues, remember stake on their health and on their fam- embryo is not ‘‘potential life,’’ it is Jacki Rabon, a lady from Illinois, a ily’s health, it is a question of when human life at that particular stage of constituent of the Senators from Illi- America will move to insist the Con- development in the life cycle con- nois, who has spinal cord injuries. She gress act and, if necessary, override a tinuum. That is not SAM BROWNBACK; had to go to Portugal to be treated. Do Presidential veto. It is not a question that is biology. The embryo would con- not divert funds away from successful of if it will be done, it is a question of tinue along the life cycle continuum if adult stem cell treatments and force when. I hope this discussion and the we were not interfering in its normal your constituents to go to Portugal at proceedings now will motivate the development by keeping it in a freezer great personal expense. Vote against S. American people to say to Washington: or destroying it for experiments. 5 and put the money into adult stem Get it done. With the scientific fact in hand, we cell research. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- evaluate the facts in light of our eth- Remember David Foege. For your ator’s time has expired. ical framework. For instance, we know constituents who have heart disease,

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4371 do not divert funds away from success- Today, I join Bradley’s family and joyed the military, and he believed ful adult stem cell treatments. Do not friends in mourning his death. While that throughout all the hardships they force your constituents to go to Bang- we struggle to bear our sorrow over faced he and his company were helping kok at great personal expense. Vote this loss, we can also take pride in the the Iraqi people. His grandfather de- against S. 5. example he set, bravely fighting to scribed his grandson to local media Remember Dennis Turner. For your make the world a safer place. It is his outlets as an adventurous, active per- constituents with Parkinson’s, don’t courage and strength of character that son saying, ‘‘He was all boy, he wasn’t divert funds away from successful people will remember when they think no inside kid.’’ adult stem cell treatments. Let us proof Bradley, a memory that will burn Neale died while serving his country vide these treatments here in America. brightly during these continuing days in Operation Iraqi Freedom. He was a Vote against S. 5. of conflict and grief. member of the Headquarters and Head- Remember the 13 diabetes patients Bradley was known for his dedication quarters Troop, 1st Squadron, 89th Cav- whom we learned about yesterday who to his family and his love of country. alry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division have gone 3 years insulin-free using a Today and always, Bradley will be re- based in Fort Drum, NY. treatment with their own adult stem membered by family members, friends, Today, I join Neale’s family and cells. Don’t divert these funds away and fellow Hoosiers as a true American friends in mourning his death. While from this area. Vote against S. 5. hero, and we honor the sacrifice he we struggle to bear our sorrow over Mr. President, the Proverbs tell us made while dutifully serving his coun- this loss, we can also take pride in the that there is a way that seems right to try. example he set, bravely fighting to man, but its end is the way of death. As I search for words to do justice in make the world a safer place. It is his That seems right to some people. I re- honoring Bradley’s sacrifice, I am re- courage and strength of character that spect their opinion and I respect them, minded of President Lincoln’s remarks people will remember when they think but its end is the way of death. Killing as he addressed the families of the fall- of Neale, a memory that will burn young human life harms us as a cul- en soldiers in Gettysburg: ‘‘We cannot brightly during these continuing days ture, when we treat human life as prop- dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we of conflict and grief. erty. We have done that, and we don’t cannot hallow this ground. The brave Neale was known for his dedication like the history associated with it. men, living and dead, who struggled to his community and his love of coun- These embryonic stem cells form tu- here, have consecrated it, far above our try. Today and always, Neale will be mors. Tumors remind me of death. Do poor power to add or detract. The remembered by family members, we want to go that way, even though it world will little note nor long remem- friends, and fellow Hoosiers as a true may seem right? These embryos are ber what we say here, but it can never American hero, and we honor the sac- going to be destroyed, so why not? forget what they did here.’’ This state- rifice he made while dutifully serving Somebody on death row is going to be ment is just as true today as it was his country. destroyed, so why not? Because they nearly 150 years ago, as I am certain As I search for words to do justice in have dignity, and they remain dig- that the impact of Bradley’s actions honoring Neale’s sacrifice, I am re- nified. We should treat them with dig- will live on far longer than any record minded of President Lincoln’s remarks nity, as we should here. Vote against S. of these words. as he addressed the families of the fall- 5. It is my sad duty to enter the name en soldiers in Gettysburg: ‘‘We cannot I yield the floor. of Bradley D. King in the official dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we f RECORD of the U.S. Senate for his serv- cannot hallow this ground. The brave ice to this country and for his profound men, living and dead, who struggled HONORING OUR ARMED FORCES commitment to freedom, democracy, here, have consecrated it, far above our STAFF SERGEANT BRADLEY D. KING and peace. When I think about this just poor power to add or detract. The Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, I rise cause in which we are engaged and the world will little note nor long remem- today with a heavy heart and deep unfortunate pain that comes with the ber what we say here, but it can never sense of gratitude to honor the life of a loss of our heroes, I hope that families forget what they did here.’’ This state- brave young man from Gas City. Brad- like Bradley’s can find comfort in the ment is just as true today as it was ley King, 28 years old, was killed on words of the prophet Isaiah, who said, nearly 150 years ago, as I am certain April 2 while deployed in Al Amiriyah, ‘‘He will swallow up death in victory; that the impact of Neale’s actions will Iraq, when a roadside bomb exploded and the Lord God will wipe away tears live on far longer than any record of near his humvee. With his entire life from off all faces.’’ these words. before him, Bradley risked everything May God grant strength and peace to It is my sad duty to enter the name to fight for the values Americans hold those who mourn, and may God be with of Neale M. Shank in the official close to our hearts, in a land halfway all of you, as I know He is with Brad- RECORD of the U.S. Senate for his serv- around the world. ley. ice to this country and for his profound Bradley attended Mississinewa High 1ST LIEUTENANT NEALE SHANK commitment to freedom, democracy, School, enlisting in the National Guard Mr. President, I also rise today with and peace. When I think about this just in 1997, a year before his graduation in a heavy heart and deep sense of grati- cause in which we are engaged and the 1998. Bradley enjoyed the military and tude to honor the life of a brave young unfortunate pain that comes with the felt a sense of duty to serve his com- man from Fort Wayne. Neale Shank, 25 loss of our heroes, I hope that families munity and country. The day before he years old, died on March 30 while de- like Neale’s can find comfort in the was deployed, Bradley told his mother ployed in Baghdad on Operation Iraqi words of the prophet Isaiah who said, that he felt ‘‘called to serve in the Freedom. With his entire life before ‘‘He will swallow up death in victory; military for his country.’’ His aunt de- him, Neale risked everything to fight and the Lord God will wipe away tears scribed Bradley as ‘‘a responsible for the values Americans hold close to from off all faces.’’ young man determined to do his best our hearts, in a land halfway around May God grant strength and peace to for the people he loved.’’ the world. those who mourn, and may God be with Bradley was killed while serving his Neale has been a lifelong Hoosier, all of you, as I know He is with Neale. country in Operation Iraqi Freedom. graduating from Concordia Lutheran PRIVATE FIRST CLASS ORLANDO E. GONZALEZ He was a member of the 2nd Battalion, High School in Fort Wayne in 1999. ∑ Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I rise 152nd Infantry Regiment, 76th Infantry First Lieutenant Shank graduated today to pay my respects to Private Brigade, Marion, IN. MSG Bill Wallen, from the U.S. Military Academy at First Class Orlando E. Gonzalez, who King’s supervisor, told local media, ‘‘he West Point in 2005. His valor over the last month lost his life in the service of was a heck of a human being, he’s what course of his service in Iraq exemplifies our country. everybody else needs to be in this Hoosier values and courage. He decided On the morning of Sunday, March 25, world.’’ Staff Sergeant King leaves be- to attend West Point because, as he put Private First Class Gonzalez was hand- hind his wife Adrian and 15-month-old it, ‘‘it is not a job and it is not a way ing out candy to Iraqi children in the son Daethan. of life, the Army is my life.’’ Neale en- province of Diyala when a suicide

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4372 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 bomber killed him and three other sol- LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ly appreciated, and I commend the diers. Private First Class Gonzalez was ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2005 Peace Corps and its volunteers on 46 only 21 years old. Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I rise years of successful service. Born in Bridgeport, CT, Orlando is today to speak about the need for hate f being remembered today for his dedica- crimes legislation. Each Congress, Sen- SECOND CHANCE ACT tion to the U.S. Army, and for his ator KENNEDY and I introduce hate Mr. OBAMA. Mr. President, I rise warm and giving nature. ‘‘He always crimes legislation that would add new had a smile on his face,’’ said his high today to speak in favor of the Recidi- categories to current hate crimes law, vism Reduction and Second Chance school principal, Brian Cashman. ‘‘He sending a signal that violence of any was kind of a handful, but you couldn’t Act, a bill to strengthen community kind is unacceptable in our society. safety and reduce poverty by improv- help but like him.’’ Likewise, each Congress I have come to Private First Class Gonzalez rose ing the reintegration of people return- the floor to highlight a separate hate ing from prison. I am pleased to work above what his principal described as a crime that has occurred in our coun- with Senators BIDEN, SPECTER, BROWN- ‘‘rough’’ background to find purpose try. BACK, and LEAHY as a cosponsor of this and discipline: first at a faith-based On April 7, 2007, in New York City, very important bill. camp for students, and then as an NY, Akino George pleaded guilty for It is estimated that approximately American soldier. his part in the beating of a gay man. 650,000 prisoners are released into com- ‘‘We just loved him around here,’’ George and three other men attacked munities across America every year. said Patrick LeBlanc, director of Sum- Kevin Aviance, a popular entertainer, They have paid their debt to society mit Grove Camp. The first thing that after he left a gay bar. The four men and now return to their homes and came to LeBlanc’s mind on hearing of threw bags of garbage and a can of neighborhoods, to their families, and Orlando’s death was his infectious paint at Aviance before knocking him back to their lives. playfulness. LeBlanc recalled seeing a to the ground, punching and kicking The problem is that for most of these wild rabbit on the camp grounds, and him. Aviance suffered several injuries returning prisoners, their families, telling Orlando he was fast enough to including a broken jaw. George testi- neighborhoods, and prior lives often catch it. Orlando only nodded—and a fied in his plea that Aviance was tar- lack what it takes to ensure successful few hours later, knocked on LeBlanc’s geted for being gay. reintegration. door, petting the rabbit and beaming. I believe that the government’s first In the best of cases, incarcerated in- But it was in the Army that Private duty is to defend its citizens, to defend dividuals maintain contact with their First Class Gonzalez found, as so many them against the harms that come out families and receive rehabilitation have found before him, meaning and a of hate. The Local Law Enforcement services while in prison; they are re- second home. ‘‘I think the Army is Enhancement Act is a symbol that can leased to a network of law-abiding what he needed,’’ said Principal become substance. I believe that by peers and quickly find a rewarding job Cashman. Patrick LeBlanc agreed: ‘‘It passing this legislation and changing that provides the skills and career de- was the second happiest place I’d seen current law, we can change hearts and velopment for long-term opportunity. him, other than camp here. . . . He was minds as well. Released prisoners can help support doing what he wanted to do.’’ their families, become active in their f As a scout javelin gunner for the 82nd churches and other community organi- Airborne Division, 3rd Brigade Combat TRIBUTE TO THE PEACE CORPS zations, stay off drugs, away from trou- Team, 5th Squadron, 73rd Cavalry Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, today I ble, on track, and out of jail. Unfortunately, that rarely happens. Regiment, Private First Class Gonzalez wish to congratulate the Peace Corps Up to two-thirds of all released pris- immediately distinguished himself. on its 46th anniversary and to pay trib- oners nationwide end up back in prison ‘‘On a daily basis, Private First Class ute to the many volunteers both at within just 3 years. They don’t manage Gonzalez displayed courage, honor, and home and abroad for their dedicated selfless service in the struggle to keep to find and keep effective jobs and to service to our country. care for themselves and their families. America safe and improve the nation of Since its inception in 1961, the Peace Iraq,’’ said Captain John Carson of the Many become a drain on their families Corps has helped change the lives of and a drain on the system. They are 73rd Cavalry. Private First Class Gon- millions of people all over the world. zalez was already highly decorated at more likely to resort to criminal activ- There is no organization that better ity and to perpetuate poverty and fam- the time of his death, and we can only demonstrates America’s commitment wonder what an outstanding career ily dysfunction. to developing nations than the Peace Their failure is our failure since we might have been waiting for him. Corps. all share the high cost, lost opportuni- Instead, Private First Class Gonzalez I recently had the opportunity to ties, and other burdens of unemploy- leaves behind two grieving parents, Or- travel to South America and was able ment, crime, community failure, and lando G. Gonzalez of Bridgeport, and to meet with Peace Corps volunteers in cycles of recidivism. Carmen Diaz of New Freedom, PA. But the Andean region. The numerous Fortunately, people have been hard he leaves behind, as well, an example of projects they have been working on to at work in hundreds of communities dedication that won’t soon be dimmed. help the local communities are truly and community organizations all ‘‘This hero will be sorely missed and impressive. I have known several indi- across the country to improve the will forever live in our memories,’’ said viduals—members of my staff, former process of reintegrating prisoners. As Captain Carson. interns and my own family members— one example, the Safer Foundation in Orlando, though, might have used who have volunteered their service to Illinois has managed to cut the State’s other words. ‘‘Call him a hero and he the Peace Corps. The stories of their recidivism rate by almost 50 percent would get mad,’’ Orlando’s friend and experiences are remarkable. for the people who receive Safer’s sup- pastor, the Reverend Paul The gift of service is driven by a pas- portive employment services. And Juchniewich, said in a funeral sermon. sion for something greater than one’s Safer has further demonstrated that ‘‘He would just say he was doing his self. The men and women of the Peace ex-prisoners who are still employed duty to rescue those who are in peril. Corps possess this passion and have after 12 months of supportive services He did not die in a conventional battle, shown what a difference one person can have a recidivism rate of lower than 10 but rather a battle for the hearts and make. By helping individuals in devel- percent. One of Safer’s program mod- minds of the future generation.’’ oping countries who seek a better life els, funded by the U.S. Department of The struggle’s outcome is still uncer- for themselves, their children, and Labor, provides participants with job tain. But we will keep fresh the mem- their communities, the Peace Corps placement and support services, and ory of one man who advanced it with shows the world that Americans do matches them with mentors from the all his strength, Private First Class Or- truly care. It is vital that the organiza- neighborhoods where the participants lando E. Gonzalez, whose last act on tion and its volunteers continue this reside. Only 2 percent of the partici- this Earth was to give.∑ important work. Their service is great- pants in this community and faith-

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4373 based program recidivated over a 2- ator HARKIN, in submitting a Senate al Service as a professional, friendly, year period. resolution congratulating Zach for his dependable and always helpful rep- One of the most effective reentry victory. resentative. With advances in tech- strategies that Safer, the Heartland Al- Zach not only won one of the most nology, Postmistress Wildrick has liance for Human Needs and Human difficult golf tournaments in the world, overseen many changes to the mail Rights, and other nonprofit organiza- he also won quite possibly one of the service in Lake Minchumina. tions have devised is transitional jobs, most difficult of all the Masters’ tour- The people of Lake Minchumina and a strategy that worked for welfare to naments in history. Gusting winds and Alaska are deeply grateful for her sac- work, and is now working for prison re- bitterly cold weather combined with rifice and willingness to go above and turnees. In a transitional jobs program, the traditional challenges of the golf beyond the usual to ensure quality former prisoners with employment course to create one of the toughest mail service. challenges are hired and paid a wage tournaments. His winning score of one- I commend Postmistress Wildrick for for legitimate employment in a time- over-par 289 tied the highest winning her dedication to the Lake limited, subsidized job. The program score in Masters history. In the proc- Minchumina community and wish her not only offers real work, income, skill ess, he beat fellow golf champions all the best in her well-deserved retire- development, and a letter of reference Tiger Woods and Retief Goosen by two- ment.∑ and experience to add to their resume, strokes. f it also offers coaching and support Zach was born in Iowa City and grew COMMENDING THE WORK OF services to help participants overcome up in Cedar Rapids, playing golf at STUDENT EMPLOYEES substantial barriers to employment, Elmcrest Country Club in Cedar Rap- such as substance abuse or mental ids. He went on to play golf at Drake ∑ Mr. COLEMAN. Mr. President, today health issues. The program focuses University in Des Moines, graduating I recognize and celebrate students who heavily on placement into unsubsidized in 1998. To continue his pursuits as a work while attending college as part of work at the earliest possible time and professional golfer, Zach counted on the University of Minnesota Duluth’s, job retention services after placement. the support of family and friends in UMD, National Student Employment The participants in transitional jobs Cedar Rapids who believed in him. His Week. programs gain an immediate source of success didn’t happen overnight; his During the week of April 9–13, 2007, legitimate income upon release. They dedication to the game and his hard UMD will honor the approximately also gain paid work experience, access work ethic helped him earn the prized 1,500 student employees during their to professional counseling and training green jacket. National Student Employment Week. I services, and a clear path to unsub- Even in the aftermath of winning one applaud these students for going above sidized employment in the community. of golf’s highest achievements, he re- and beyond their studies to give back Employers gain access to a pipeline of mained humble in his acceptance. He to UMD, and I encourage employers to supported workers who have dem- attributed much of his success to his thank them for their contributions. onstrated an ability to do the job and perseverance and patience. He recog- I would like to give special congratu- remain employable. Most of all, our nized his family and friends who be- lations to UMD’s 2007 National Student communities gain by helping ex-pris- lieved in him even when he wasn’t so Employment Week Awardees: Derric oners to contribute positively to fam- sure himself, and as a man of faith he Johnson, Student Employee of the ily, neighborhood, and the larger envi- knew there was another power guiding Year; Carly Moritz, First Runner Up; ronment. him. and Meghan Keil and Phong Yang, Sec- Too many people are caught up in Through it all, he continued to insist ond Runners Up. the criminal justice system. Especially that he’s just a normal guy from Cedar I also commend the work of Marinda within the African-American commu- Rapids, IA. I am proud of Zach Johnson Batzlaff, Josh Baumann, Ann Beacom, nity where nearly a third of Black for his brilliant win, and I am proud of Samuel Bradley, Ruta Embaye, Court- males will enter State or Federal pris- him as an Iowan. I know Iowans are ney Grandahl, Kelly Gunelson, Chris- on sometime during their lifetime. honored and blessed to have a person tine Hirsch, Brittany Jurek, Krista Communities are protected and like Zach Johnson representing us in Kniffin, Bryan LaCore, Cal Larson, strengthened when people who break the world of professional golf. So I con- Christina Lashyro, Abigail Linder, the law are punished appropriately. gratulate him on his outstanding vic- Emily Lubbert, Jessica Lutgen, Aaron But communities—all communities, in- tory, and I wish him and his family all Miller, Calley O’Neil, Ashton Portner, cluding yours and mine—are weakened the best. Hilary Ramsey, Thomas Rieck, Jessica if we neglect the challenges of rehabili- f Robey, Bud Rodecker, Anthony tation and reentry. Rostvold, Taryn Runck, Michael To improve the integration of former ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Schumacher, Clay Sharkey, and prisoners and to reduce recidivism is in Sheena Stueber. all of our best interests. A well-de- RECOGNIZING STELLA WILDRICK Again, I thank all of these students signed reentry system can enhance for their hard work and wish them the public safety, reduce recidivism, reduce ∑ Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, today best of luck at UMD and in their future costs, and help prisoners achieve long- I want to recognize the devoted service careers.∑ of Stella Wildrick, who will retire on term integration. The Second Chance f Act is an important effort to strength- April 27, 2007, after 15 years as Post- en America’s communities. The bill is mistress for Lake Minchumina, AK. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT supported by a wide range of organiza- Lake Minchumina is situated near Messages from the President of the tions, and I urge my colleagues to join the geographical center of Alaska, 65 United States were communicated to us in passing this important legisla- miles north-northwest of our great the Senate by Ms. Evans, one of his tion. Denali National Park. A remote and secretaries. f rural community accessible only by f air, Lake Minchumina depends upon CONGRATULATING ZACH JOHNSON mail service for the delivery of food, EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I am clothing, and supplies, as well as cor- As in executive session the Presiding pleased today to have the fortunate op- respondence. Officer laid before the Senate messages portunity to recognize and congratu- As Postmistress, Stella has been a from the President of the United late a fellow Iowan on a magnificent very important person in this commu- States submitting sundry nominations achievement. On Sunday, 31-year-old nity where everything that cannot be and two withdrawals which were re- Zach Johnson won the prestigious Mas- harvested or made from the land must ferred to the appropriate committees. ters golf tournament at the famed Au- be flown in. (The nominations received today are gusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Throughout the past 15 years, Stella printed at the end of the Senate pro- GA. I am joined by my colleague, Sen- has also been an asset to the U.S. Post- ceedings.)

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4374 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE titled ‘‘New Designated Countries’’ (DFARS Bank of the United States, transmitting, Case 2006–D062) received on April 10, 2007; to pursuant to law, a report relative to a trans- the Committee on Armed Services. action involving U.S. exports to Singapore; ENROLLED BILL SIGNED EC–1279. A communication from the Direc- to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and tor, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Urban Affairs. At 5:18 p.m., a message from the Policy, Department of Defense, transmit- EC–1291. A communication from the Acting House of Representatives, delivered by ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- General Counsel, Department of Housing and one of its clerks, announced that the titled ‘‘Free Trade Agreements—Guatemala Urban Development, transmitting, pursuant Speaker has signed the following en- and Bahrain’’ (DFARS Case 2006–D028) re- to law, the report of the designation of an rolled bill: ceived on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on acting officer for the position of General Armed Services. Counsel, received on April 10, 2007; to the S. 1002. An act to amend the Older Ameri- EC–1280. A communication from the Direc- Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban cans Act of 1965 to reinstate certain provi- tor, Pentagon Renovation and Construction Affairs. sions relating to the nutrition services in- Program Office, Department of Defense, EC–1292. A communication from the Acting centive program. transmitting, pursuant to law, an annual re- Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legis- f port on the Office’s work in progress, com- lative Affairs, Department of Justice, trans- pleted and planned before March 1, 2007; to mitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to EXECUTIVE AND OTHER the Committee on Armed Services. COMMUNICATIONS the Department’s activities during calendar EC–1281. A communication from the Dep- year 2006 under the Equal Credit Opportunity The following communications were uty Chief of Legislative Affairs, Department Act; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, laid before the Senate, together with of the Navy, transmitting, pursuant to law, a and Urban Affairs. report relative to the Department’s perform- EC–1293. A communication from the Chair- accompanying papers, reports, and doc- ance decision to transfer certain functions to uments, and were referred as indicated: man, Securities and Exchange Commission, contract workers; to the Committee on transmitting, pursuant to law, a report rel- EC–1271. A communication from the Ad- Armed Services. ative to the Buy American Act; to the Com- EC–1282. A communication from the Prin- ministrator, Fruit and Vegetable Program, mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af- cipal Deputy, Office of the Under Secretary Department of Agriculture, transmitting, fairs. pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), trans- EC–1294. A communication from the Chair- ‘‘Fee for Inspecting Fruits and Vegetables, mitting, pursuant to law, a report relative to man and President of the Export-Import Processed’’ (RIN0581–AC56) received on April the critical skills retention bonus program; Bank of the United States, transmitting, 4, 2007; to the Committee on Agriculture, Nu- to the Committee on Armed Services. pursuant to law, a report relative to trans- EC–1283. A communication from the Prin- trition, and Forestry. actions involving U.S. exports to the United cipal Deputy, Office of the Under Secretary EC–1272. A communication from the Ad- Arab Emirates; to the Committee on Bank- ministrator, Agricultural Marketing Serv- of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), transmitting, the report of (10) officers authorized ing, Housing, and Urban Affairs. ice, Department of Agriculture, transmit- EC–1295. A communication from the Execu- to wear the insignia of the grade of brigadier ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- tive Director, National Credit Union Admin- general in accordance with title 10, United titled ‘‘Tomatoes Grown in Florida; Change istration, transmitting, pursuant to law, a States Code, section 777; to the Committee in Handling Requirements’’ (Docket No. report on the use of category rating; to the on Armed Services. AMS–FV–06–0208) received on April 4, 2007; to Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, EC–1284. A communication from the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Tech- Affairs. and Forestry. EC–1296. A communication from the Dep- EC–1273. A communication from the Ad- nology and Logistics), transmitting, pursuant to law, the annual Selected Acquisition uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory ministrator, Agricultural Marketing Serv- Programs, National Marine Fisheries Serv- ice, Department of Agriculture, transmit- Reports for the quarter ending December 31, 2006; to the Committee on Armed Services. ice, Department of Commerce, transmitting, ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- EC–1285. A communication from the Dep- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled titled ‘‘Hazelnuts Grown in Oregon and uty Secretary of Defense, transmitting, pur- ‘‘Revision of Methods for Renewing and Re- Washington; Establishment of Final Free suant to law, a report relative to the threat placing Permits Issued Under the West Coast and Restricted Percentages for the 2006–2007 posed by improvised explosive devices; to the Highly Migratory Species Fishery Manage- Marketing Year’’ (Docket No. AMS–FV–06– Committee on Armed Services. ment Plan’’ (RIN0648–AU91) received on April 0175) received on April 4, 2007; to the Com- EC–1286. A communication from the Para- 4, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, mittee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and For- legal, Federal Transit Administration, De- Science, and Transportation. estry . partment of Transportation, transmitting, EC–1297. A communication from the Attor- EC–1274. A communication from the Ad- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ney Advisor, Office of the Secretary, Depart- ministrator, Risk Management Agency, De- ‘‘Clean Fuels Grant Program’’ (RIN2132– ment of Transportation, transmitting, pur- partment of Agriculture, transmitting, pur- AA91) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- suant to law, the report of a nomination for suant to law, the report of a rule entitled mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af- the position of General Counsel, received on ‘‘Common Crop Insurance Regulations; Al- fairs. April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- mond and Walnut Crop Insurance Provi- EC–1287. A communication from the Coun- merce, Science, and Transportation. sions’’ (RIN0563–AC08) received on April 10, sel for Legislation and Regulations, Office of EC–1298. A communication from the Sec- 2007; to the Committee on Agriculture, Nu- the Secretary, Department of Housing and retary, Federal Trade Commission, transmit- trition, and Forestry. Urban Development, transmitting, pursuant ting, pursuant to law, the Commission’s an- EC–1275. A communication from the Chair- to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Revi- nual report relative to the implementation man, Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety sions to the Public Access to HUD Records of the Do Not Call Registry; to the Com- Board, transmitting, pursuant to law, its an- Under the Freedom of Information Act Regu- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- nual report relative to the Board’s health lations’’ (RIN2501–AD22) received on April 4, tation. and safety activities relating to defense nu- 2007; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, EC–1299. A communication from the Assist- clear facilities; to the Committee on Armed and Urban Affairs. ant Secretary, Office of Legislative and Services. EC–1288. A communication from the Coun- Intergovernmental Affairs, Department of EC–1276. A communication from the Direc- sel for Legislation and Regulations, Office of Homeland Security, transmitting, pursuant tor, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Community Planning and Development, De- to law, a report relative to the Critical Policy, Department of Defense, transmit- partment of Housing and Urban Develop- Skills Retention Bonus program; to the ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- ment, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- Committee on Commerce, Science, and titled ‘‘Electronic Submission and Proc- port of a rule entitled ‘‘Timeliness Expendi- Transportation. essing of Payment Requests’’ (DFARS Case ture Standards for the Insular Areas Pro- EC–1300. A communication from the Assist- 2005–D009) received on April 10, 2007; to the gram’’ (RIN2501–AD15) received on April 4, ant Administrator for Fisheries, National Committee on Armed Services. 2007; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, Marine Fisheries Service, Department of EC–1277. A communication from the Direc- and Urban Affairs. Commerce, transmitting, pursuant to law, tor, Defense Procurement and Acquisition EC–1289. A communication from the Assist- the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Fisheries off Policy, Department of Defense, transmit- ant to the Board, Federal Reserve System, West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of Fishery; Biennial Specification and Manage- titled ‘‘Prohibition on Acquisition from a rule entitled ‘‘Expanded Examination ment Measures; Correction’’ (RIN0648–AU57) Communist Chinese Military Companies’’ Cycle for Certain Small Insured Depository received on April 10, 2007; to the Committee (DFARS Case 2006–D007) received on April 10, Institutions and U.S. Branches and Agencies on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. 2007; to the Committee on Armed Services. of Foreign Banks’’ (Docket No. R–1279) re- EC–1301. A communication from the Direc- EC–1278. A communication from the Direc- ceived on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- tor, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant Policy, Department of Defense, transmit- EC–1290. A communication from the Chair- to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tem- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- man and President of the Export-Import porary Rule; Inseason Summer Flounder

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4375 Quota Transfer from NC to VA’’ (ID No. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 8–70, DC–8–60F, and DC–8–70F Series Air- 031207A) received on April 10, 2007; to the mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule planes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2001– Committee on Commerce, Science, and entitled ‘‘Change to Controlling Agency of NM–183)) received on April 1, 2007; to the Transportation. Restricted Area 2312; Fort Hauchuca, AZ’’ Committee on Commerce, Science, and EC–1302. A communication from the Direc- ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–11)) re- Transportation. tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on EC–1321. A communication from the Pro- ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant Commerce, Science, and Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Ele- EC–1312. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- phant Trunk Scallop Access Area Closure for gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule General Category Scallop Vessels’’ (ID No. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus 031307A) received on April 10, 2007; to the mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Model A310–300 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– Committee on Commerce, Science, and entitled ‘‘Revocation of Low Altitude Re- AA64)(Docket No. NM–065)) received on April Transportation. porting Point; AK’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket 1, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, EC–1303. A communication from the Acting No. 06–AAL–30)) received on April 1, 2007; to Science, and Transportation. Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- the Committee on Commerce, Science, and EC–1322. A communication from the Pro- partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ant to law, the report of a rule entitled EC–1313. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Catcher Vessels tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Dassault Using Trawl Gear in the Bering Sea and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Model Mystere-Falcon 50 and 900, and Falcon Aleutian Islands Management Area’’ (ID No. entitled ‘‘Revision of Class D and E Airspace; 900EX Airplanes; and Model Falcon 2000 and 030907A) received on April 10, 2007; to the Big Delta, Allen Army Airfield, Fort Greely, Falcon 2000EX Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– Committee on Commerce, Science, and AK’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–AAL–31)) AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–113)) received on Transportation. received on April 1, 2007; to the Committee April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- EC–1304. A communication from the Direc- on Commerce , Science, and Transportation. merce, Science, and Transportation. tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- EC–1314. A communication from the Pro- EC–1323. A communication from the Pro- ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Fish- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- eries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 610 of the entitled ‘‘Establishment, Modification and entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 032007A) received on Revocation of VOR Federal Airways; East bardier Model DHC–8–400 Series Airplanes’’ April 10, 2007; to the Committee on Com- Central United States’’ ((RIN2120– ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–209)) merce, Science, and Transportation. AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–1)) received on received on April 1, 2007; to the Committee EC–1305. A communication from the Hon- April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. ors Attorney, Office of the Secretary, De- merce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1324. A communication from the Pro- partment of Transportation, transmitting, EC–1315. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ‘‘Procedures for Reimbursement of General tion, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Aviation Operators and Service Providers in mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus the Washington, D.C. Area’’ (RIN2105–AD61) entitled ‘‘Establishment, Modification and Model A330–200, A330–300, A340–200, A340–300, received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee Revocation of VOR Federal Airways; East A340–500, and A340–600 Series Airplanes’’ on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Central United States’’ ((RIN2120– ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–274)) EC–1306. A communication from the Senior AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–1)) received on received on April 1, 2007; to the Committee Attorney, Office of General Counsel, Depart- April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. ment of Transportation, transmitting, pur- merce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1325. A communication from the Pro- suant to law, the report of a rule entitled EC–1316. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ‘‘Time Zone Boundaries in the State of Indi- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ana’’ (RIN2105–AD53) received on April 1, tion, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Gulf- Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Revision of Class D Airspace, Mesa, stream Aerospace LP Model Gulfstream 100 EC–1307. A communication from the Pro- AZ’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–AWP– Airplanes, and Model Astra SPX and 1125 gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 016)) received on April 1, 2007; to the Com- Westwind Astra Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–286)) received on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tation. April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class D Airspace; EC–1317. A communication from the Pro- merce, Science, and Transportation. Griffiss Airfield, Rome, NY’’ ((RIN2120– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1326. A communication from the Pro- AA66)(Docket No. 06–AEA–014)) received on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- merce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Change to Time of Designation of mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1308. A communication from the Pro- Restricted Area 6320; Matagorda, TX’’ entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–12)) re- Model A310 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–247)) received on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Commerce, Science, and Transportation. April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E Airspace; EC–1318. A communication from the Pro- merce, Science, and Transportation. Newton Field, ME’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1327. A communication from the Pro- No. 06–ANE–01)) received on April 1, 2007; to tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- the Committee on Commerce, Science, and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Transportation. entitled ‘‘Modification of VOR Federal Air- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1309. A communication from the Pro- way V–2; East Central United States’’ entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–ASW–13)) re- Turbomeca Arriel 2B1 Turboshaft Engines’’ tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2007–NE–02)) re- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Commerce, Science, and Transportation. ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E Airspace; EC–1319. A communication from the Pro- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Bethel Regional Airport, ME’’ ((RIN2120– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- EC–1328. A communication from the Pro- AA66)(Docket No. 06–ANE–02)) received on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- April 1, 2007; to the Committee on Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tion, Department of Transportation, trans- merce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1310. A communication from the Pro- Model A300 and A300–600 Airplanes’’ entitled ‘‘Standard Instrument Approach gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–288)) Procedures, Weather Takeoff Minimums; tion, Department of Transportation, trans- received on April 1, 2007; to the Committee Miscellaneous Amendments’’ ((RIN2120– mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. AA65)(Amdt. No. 3204)) received on April 1, entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E Airspace; EC–1320. A communication from the Pro- 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, Santa Cruz, CA’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Science, and Transportation. 06–AWP–17)) received on April 1, 2007; to the tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1329. A communication from the Pro- Committee on Commerce, Science, and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; McDon- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1311. A communication from the Pro- nell Douglas Model DC–8–55, DC–8F–54, and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- DC–8F–55 Airplanes; and Model DC–8–60, DC– entitled ‘‘Standard Instrument Approach

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4376 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 Procedures (62)’’ ((RIN2120–AA65)(Amdt. No. ceived on April 1, 2007; to the Committee on EC–1348. A communication from the Pro- 3206)) received on April 1, 2007; to the Com- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- EC–1339. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1330. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule bardier Model DHC–8–400 Series Airplanes’’ tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E–2 Air- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–078)) mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule space; Griffiss Airfield, Rome, NY’’ received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–ANE–015)) re- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Model A300 B4–605R Airplanes and Model ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on EC–1349. A communication from the Pro- A310–308, –324, and –325 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– Commerce, Science, and Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–146)) received on EC–1340. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- April 3 , 2007; to the Committee on Com- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule merce, Science, and Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- EC–1331. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule bardier Model DHC–8–100, –200, and –300 Se- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Standard Instrument Approach ries Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Procedures (34)’’ ((RIN2120–AA65) (Amdt. No. 2006–NM–077)) received on April 3, 2007; to the mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule 3202)) received on April 1, 2007; to the Com- Committee on Commerce, Science, and entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- Transportation. Model 757 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tation. EC–1350. A communication from the Pro- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–121)) received on EC–1341. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- merce, Science, and Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1332. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- bardier Model DHC–8–400 Series Airplanes’’ tion, Department of Transportation, trans- bardier Model CL–600–2B19 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–130)) mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–004)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Model 747 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1351. A communication from the Pro- AA64)(Docket No. 2005–NM–261)) received on EC–1342. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- merce, Science, and Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule EC–1333. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS Model 747 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- SOCATA TBM 700 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–053)) received on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–62)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- merce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1352. A communication from the Pro- bardier Model CL–600–2B19 Airplanes’’ merce, Science, and Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–172)) EC–1343. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1334. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Rolls- Model 747–100B SUD, 747–200B, 747–300, 747– 400, 747–400D, and 747SP Series Airplanes’’ tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Royce Deutschland Ltd. and Co. KG Tay 611– ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–092)) mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule 8, Tay 620–15, and Tay 651–54 Series Turbofan received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing Engines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006– on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Model 737–100, –200, –200C, –300, –400, and –500 NE–19)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- EC–1353. A communication from the Pro- Series Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- No. 2005–NM–141)) received on April 3, 2007; to tation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1344. A communication from the Pro- the Committee on Commerce, Science, and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EC–1335. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Turbomeca Arriel 1 Series Turboshaft En- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NE– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; 28)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule DORNIER LUFTFAHRT GmbH Model 228–212 mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006– tation. Model A300 Airplanes; Model A300 B4–601, B4– CE–86)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- EC–1354. A communication from the Pro- 603, B4–620, B4–622, B4–605R, B4–622R, F4– mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 605R, F4–622R, and C4–605R Variant F Air- tation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- planes; and Model A310 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– EC–1345. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule AA64)(Docket No. 2003–NM–123)) received on gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes’’ merce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–43)) re- EC–1336. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Dassault ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model Mystere-Falcon 900 and Falcon 900EX Commerce, Science, and Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006– EC–1355. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule NM–244)) received on April 3, 2007; to the gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E Airspace; Committee on Commerce, Science, and tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Ridgway, PA’’ ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule 06–ANE–03)) received on April 1 , 2007; to the EC–1346. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing Committee on Commerce, Science, and gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model 747–400 Series Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–090)) received on EC–1337. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Pratt merce, Science, and Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- and Whitney PW2000 Series Turbofan En- EC–1356. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NE– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class D Airspace; 11)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Griffiss Airfield, Rome, NY’’ ((RIN2120– mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule AA66)(Docket No. 06–ANE–014)) received on tation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Short April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- EC–1347. A communication from the Pro- Brothers and Harland Ltd. Models SC–7 Se- merce, Science, and Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ries 2 and SC–7 Series 3 Airplanes’’ EC–1338. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2000–CE–17)) re- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Reims Commerce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Aviation S.A. F406 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– EC–1357. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Establishment of Class E–2 Air- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–91)) received on gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- space; Griffiss Airfield, Rome, NY’’ April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ((RIN2120–AA66)(Docket No. 06–AEA–015)) re- merce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4377 entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Sicma EC–1366. A communication from the Pro- EC–1375. A communication from the Pro- Aero Seat, Passenger Seat Assemblies’’ gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NE–04)) re- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Commerce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Fokker EC–1358. A communication from the Pro- bardier Model CL–600–2B19 Airplanes’’ Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes’’ gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–194)) ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–198)) tion, Department of Transportation, trans- received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS EC–1367. A communication from the Pro- EC–1376. A communication from the Pro- SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes’’ gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–65)) re- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Commerce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EC–1359. A communication from the Pro- SOCATA Model TBM 700 Airplanes’’ Construcciones Aeronauticas, S.A., Model C– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–CE–60)) re- 212 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on 2006–NM–291)) received on April 3, 2007; to the mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Committee on Commerce, Science, and EC–1368. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model 737 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– EC–1377. A communication from the Pro- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- AA64)(Docket No. 2006–NM–150)) received on gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; CFM merce, Science, and Transportation. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule International CFM56–5 and –5B Series Tur- EC–1360. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus bofan Engines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model A300 B2 and B4 Series Airplanes’’ tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 2001–NE–49)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–115)) mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Transportation. EC–1369. A communication from the Pro- on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Gippsland Aeronautics Pty. Ltd. Model GA8 EC–1378. A communication from the Pro- Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2007– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- CE–006)) received on April 3, 2007; to the tion, Department of Transportation, trans- Committee on Commerce, Science, and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing EC–1361. A communication from the Pro- Raytheon Aircraft Company 65, 90, 99, 100, Model 767–200 and –300 Series Airplanes’’ gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- 200, and 1900 Series Airplanes, and Models 70 ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–071)) tion, Department of Transportation, trans- and 300 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule No. 2003–CE–51)) received on April 3, 2007; to on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; the Committee on Commerce, Science, and EC–1379. A communication from the Pro- Turbomeca S.A. Makila 1A and 1A1 Turbo- Transportation. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- shaft Engines’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. EC–1370. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 2006–NE–39)) received on April 3, 2007; to the tion, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Committee on Commerce, Science, and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Pilatus Transportation. EC–1362. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EADS Aircraft Limited PC–12 and PC–12/45 Air- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- SOCATA TBM 700 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120– planes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- AA64) (Docket No. 2006–CE–64)) received on CE–70)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Com- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- merce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Pilatus tation. EC–1371. A communication from the Pro- Aircraft Ltd., PC–6 Series Airplanes’’ EC–1380. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006–CE–54)) re- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on tion, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Commerce, Science, and Transportation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Empresa EC–1363. A communication from the Pro- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. Model ERJ gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Model A300 Airplanes; and Model A300 B4–600, 170–100 LR, –100 STD, –100 SE, –100 SU, –200 tion, Department of Transportation, trans- B4–600R, and F4–600R Series Airplanes, and LR, –200 STD, and –200 SU Airplanes and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Model C4–605R Variant F Airplanes’’ Model ERJ 190 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–186)) (Docket No. 2006–NM–221)) received on April received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee Model A300 Airplanes; A300 B4–600, B4–600R, 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, and F4–600R Series Airplanes, and Model on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Science, and Transportation. EC–1381. A communication from the Pro- A300 C4–605R Variant F Airplanes; and A310 EC–1372. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2005– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- NM–18)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- tion, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing tation. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; EXTRA Model 777–200, –300, and –300ER Series Air- EC–1364. A communication from the Pro- Flugzeugproduktions- und Vertriebs- GmbH planes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006– gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Models EA–300, EA–300S, EA–300L, and EA– tion, Department of Transportation, trans- 300/200 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket NM–080)) received on April 3, 2007; to the mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule No. 2006–CE–56)) received on April 3, 2007; to Committee on Commerce, Science, and entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Superior the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Air Parts, Inc., Cast Cylinder Assemblies Transportation. EC–1382. A communication from the Pro- Part Numbers Series: SA47000L , SA47000S, EC–1373. A communication from the Pro- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- SA52000, SA55000, SL32000W, SL32000WH, gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- SL32006W, SL36000TW, SL36000W, and tion, Department of Transportation, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule SL36006W’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket No. 2006– mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Fokker NE–32)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Com- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Alpha Model F27 Mark 050 and F.28 Mark 0070 and mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- Aviation Design Limited R2160 Airplanes’’ 0100 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. tation. ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–CE–81)) re- 2005–NM–259)) received on April 3, 2007; to the EC–1365. A communication from the Pro- ceived on April 3, 2007; to the Committee on Committee on Commerce, Science, and gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Transportation. tion, Department of Transportation, trans- EC–1374. A communication from the Pro- EC–1383. A communication from the Pro- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Bom- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- bardier Model DHC–8–102, –103, and –106 Air- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule planes; and Model DHC–8–200 and DHC–8–300 entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Fokker entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Series Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64)(Docket Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes’’ Model A310 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) No. 2006–NM–206)) received on April 3, 2007; to ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006–NM–097)) (Docket No. 2006–NM–149)) received on April the Committee on Commerce, Science, and received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, Transportation. on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Science, and Transportation.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 EC–1384. A communication from the Pro- to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tem- EC–1402. A communication from the Acting gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- porary Rule; Inseason Bluefish Quota Trans- Chief Financial Officer, Department of En- tion, Department of Transportation, transfer from VA to NY’’ (ID No. 030607B) received ergy, transmitting, pursuant to law, the De- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- partment’s Operating Plan for fiscal year entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Empresa merce, Science, and Transportation. 2007; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. Model ERJ EC–1393. A communication from the Acting ural Resources. 170 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- EC–1403. A communication from the Gen- 2006–NM–168)) received on April 3, 2007; to the partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- eral Counsel, Federal Energy Regulatory Committee on Commerce, Science, and ant to law, the report of a rule entitled Commission, transmitting, pursuant to law, Transportation. ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Mandatory Re- EC–1385. A communication from the Pro- Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 of liability Standards for the Bulk-Power Sys- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- the Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 022807A) received tem’’ (FERC Docket No. RM06–16–000) re- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- ceived on April 8, 2007; to the Committee on mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule merce, Science, and Transportation. Energy and Natural Resources. entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing EC–1394. A communication from the Dep- EC–1404. A communication from the Elec- Model 737–600, –700, –700C, –800, and –900 Se- uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory tric Energy Market Competition Task Force, ries Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. Programs, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report rel- 2006–NM–051)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Department of Commerce, transmitting, pur- ative to competition within the wholesale Committee on Commerce, Science, and suant to law, the report of a rule entitled and retail markets for electric energy in the Transportation. ‘‘Atlantic Herring Fishery; Amendment 1 to United States; to the Committee on Energy EC–1386. A communication from the Pro- the Fishery Management Plan’’ (RIN0648– and Natural Resources. gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- AQ87) received on April 4, 2007; to the Com- EC–1405. A communication from the Assist- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- ant Secretary (Policy, Management and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule tation. Budget), Department of the Interior, trans- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Saab EC–1395. A communication from the Dep- mitting, the report of draft legislation enti- Model SAAB-Fairchild SF340A and SAAB uty Assistant Administrator for Regulatory tled ‘‘Range Improvement Fund Amendment 340B Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. Programs, National Marine Fisheries Serv- Act of 2007’’; to the Committee on Energy 2006–NM–067)) received on April 3, 2007; to the ice, Department of Commerce, transmitting, and Natural Resources. Committee on Commerce, Science, and pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled EC–1406. A communication from the Sec- Transportation. ‘‘Delayed Effective Date for Vessel Moni- retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to EC–1387. A communication from the Pro- toring Systems under Amendment 18A’’ law, a report relative to the construction of gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- (RIN0648–AN09) received on April 4, 2007; to a repository at Yucca Mountain; to the Com- tion, Department of Transportation, trans- the Committee on Commerce, Science, and mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Transportation. EC–1407. A communication from the Attor- EC–1396. A communication from the Acting entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Boeing ney, Office of Assistant General Counsel for Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- Model 767 Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Dock- Legislation and Regulatory Law, Depart- partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- et No. 2003–NM–269)) received on April 3, 2007; ment of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to ant to law, the report of a rule entitled to the Committee on Commerce, Science, law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Correc- ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone and Transportation. tions and Updates to Technical Guidelines Off Alaska; Reallocation of Pacific Cod in EC–1388. A communication from the Pro- for Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Reporting’’ the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Manage- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- (RIN1901–AB23) received on April 3, 2007; to ment Area’’ (ID No. 030207A) received on tion, Department of Transportation, trans- the Committee on Environment and Public April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule Works. merce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1408. A communication from the Ad- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; McDon- EC–1397. A communication from the Acting ministrator, General Services Administra- nell Douglas Model DC–10–10, DC–10–10F, DC– Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- 10–15, DC–10–30, and DC–10–30F Airplanes; partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report Model DC–10–40 and DC–10–40F Airplanes ant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘De- relative to the Administration’s intent to Equipped with Pratt and Whitney JT9–20 or crease the Commercial Trip Limit for Gulf adjust the dollar thresholds for submission JT9–20J Engines; and Model MD–10–10F and Group King Mackerel in the Southern Flor- of construction, alteration, lease, and lease MD–10–30F Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) ida West Coast Subzone’’ (ID No. 022207A) re- alteration prospectuses; to the Committee (Docket No. 2006–NM–177)) received on April ceived on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on on Environment and Public Works. 3, 2007; to the Committee on Commerce, Commerce, Science, and Transportation. EC–1409. A communication from the Prin- Science, and Transportation. EC–1398. A communication from the Acting cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office EC–1389. A communication from the Pro- Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- gram Analyst, Federal Aviation Administra- partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, tion, Department of Transportation, trans- ant to law, the report of a rule entitled the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Approval and mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Promulgation of Air Quality Implementa- entitled ‘‘Airworthiness Directives; Learjet Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 610 of tion Plans; Wisconsin; Prevention of Signifi- Model 23, 24, 24A, 24B, 24B–A, 24C, 24D, 24D– the Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 030707B) received cant Deterioration’’ (FRL No. 8296–3) re- A, 24E, 24F, 24F–A, 25, 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D, 25F, on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- ceived on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on 28, 29, 31, 31A, 35, 35A, 36, 36A, 55, 55B, and 55C merce, Science, and Transportation. Environment and Public Works. Airplanes’’ ((RIN2120–AA64) (Docket No. 2006– EC–1399. A communication from the Acting EC–1410. A communication from the Prin- NM–083)) received on April 3, 2007; to the Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, De- cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office Committee on Commerce, Science, and partment of Commerce, transmitting, pursu- of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- Transportation. ant to law, the report of a rule entitled tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, EC–1390. A communication from the Hon- ‘‘Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Approval and ors Attorney, Office of the Secretary, De- Off Alaska; Pollock in Statistical Area 630 of Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Ten- partment of Transportation, transmitting, the Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 030707A) received nessee; Approval of Revisions to the Knox pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- County Portion of the Tennessee State Im- ‘‘Participation by Disadvantaged Business merce, Science, and Transportation. plementation Plan’’ (FRL No. 8297–4) re- Enterprises in Airport Concessions’’ EC–1400. A communication from the Direc- ceived on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on (RIN2105–AD51) received on April 3, 2007; to tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- Environment and Public Works. the Committee on Commerce, Science, and ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant EC–1411. A communication from the Prin- Transportation. to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Re- cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office EC–1391. A communication from the Direc- moval of Haddock Separator Trawl Require- of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- ment and Establishment of a 5,000-lb Georges tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant Bank Yellowtail Flounder Trip Limit for the the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tetraconazole; to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Fish- Eastern U.S./Canada Management Area’’ (ID Pesticide Tolerance’’ (FRL No. 8121–3) re- eries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off No . 030107A) received on April 4, 2007; to the ceived on April 10, 2007; to the Committee on Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Catching Pa- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Environment and Public Works. cific Cod for Processing by the Inshore Com- Transportation. EC–1412. A communication from the Prin- ponent in the Western Regulatory Area of EC–1401. A communication from the Sec- cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office the Gulf of Alaska’’ (ID No. 030607D) received retary of Energy, transmitting, pursuant to of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- on April 4, 2007; to the Committee on Com- law, a report relative to state and regional tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, merce, Science, and Transportation. policies that promote energy efficiency pro- the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Approval and EC–1392. A communication from the Direc- grams carried out by electric and gas utili- Promulgation of Air Quality Implementa- tor, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Depart- ties; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- tion Plans; Arkansas; Prevention of Signifi- ment of Commerce, transmitting, pursuant ural Resources. cant Deterioration and New Source Review;

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4379 Economic Development Zone for Crittenden Under I.R .C. Section 274(h)’’ (Rev. Rul. 2007– REPORTS OF COMMITTEES County, Arkansas; and Stage I Vapor Recov- 28) received on April 6, 2007; to the Com- The following reports of committees ery’’ (FRL No. 8297–6) received on April 10, mittee on Finance. 2007; to the Committee on Environment and EC–1424. A communication from the Chief were submitted: Public Works. of the Publications and Regulations Branch, By Mr. LIEBERMAN, from the Committee EC–1413. A communication from the Assist- Internal Revenue Service, Department of the on Homeland Security and Governmental Af- ant Administrator, Office of Administration Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the fairs, without amendment: and Resources Management, Environmental report of a rule entitled ‘‘Limitations on S. 343. A bill to extend the District of Co- Protection Agency, transmitting, pursuant Benefits and Contributions Under Qualified lumbia College Access Act of 1999 (Rept. No. to law, a report relative to the Buy Amer- Plans’’ ((RIN1545–BD52)(TD 9319)) received on 110–52). ican Act; to the Committee on Environment April 6, 2007; to the Committee on Finance. By Mr. KENNEDY, from the Committee on and Public Works. EC–1425. A communication from the Chief Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions: EC–1414. A communication from the Chair- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Report to accompany S. 558, a bill to provide parity between health insurance cov- man, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the erage of mental health benefits and benefits transmitting, the Commission’s latest quar- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the for medical and surgical services (Rept. No. terly report relative to the status of its li- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Guidance Regard- 110–53). censing and regulatory duties; to the Com- ing the Simplified Service Cost Method and mittee on Environment and Public Works. the Simplified Production Method’’ f EC–1415. A communication from the Prin- ((RIN1545–BE57)(TD 9318)) received on April INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office 6, 2007; to the Committee on Finance. of Policy, Economics and Innovation, Envi- EC–1426. A communication from the Chief JOINT RESOLUTIONS ronmental Protection Agency, transmitting, of the Publications and Regulations Branch, The following bills and joint resolu- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled Internal Revenue Service, Department of the tions were introduced, read the first ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of State Plans Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the and second times by unanimous con- for Designated Pollutants and Facilities; report of a rule entitled ‘‘ICE Futures Sec- sent, and referred as indicated: Rhode Island; Negative Declaration’’ (FRL tion 1265(g)(7)(C) Qualified Board or Ex- By Mr. THUNE: No. 8295–6) received on April 3, 2007; to the change Revenue Ruling’’ (Rev. Rul. 2007–26, S. 1085. A bill to require air carriers to pub- Committee on Environment and Public 2007–16) received on April 6, 2007; to the Com- lish customer service data and flight delay Works. mittee on Finance. history; to the Committee on Commerce, EC–1416. A communication from the Sec- EC–1427. A communication from the Chief Science, and Transportation. retary of Transportation, transmitting, pur- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, By Mr. BAUCUS (for himself and Mr. suant to law, a report relative to the States Internal Revenue Service, Department of the PRYOR): and Indian tribes that have entered into Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the S. 1086. A bill to provide stronger protec- maintenance agreements; to the Committee report of a rule entitled ‘‘GO Zone Bonus De- tions to parents regarding their children’s on Environment and Public Works. preciation Additional Guidance’’ (Notice access to sexually explicit material over the EC–1417. A communication from the Prin- 2007–36) received on April 6, 2007; to the Com- Internet; to the Committee on Commerce, cipal Deputy Associate Administrator, Office mittee on Finance. Science, and Transportation. of the Administrator, Environmental Protec- EC–1428. A communication from the Chief By Mr. HARKIN (for himself, Mr. KEN- tion Agency, transmitting, pursuant to law, of the Publications and Regulations Branch, NEDY, Mrs. MURRAY, Ms. MIKULSKI, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Approval and Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Mr. BROWN, Mr. AKAKA, Mr. FEIN- Promulgation of Air Quality Implementa- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the GOLD, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. tion Plans; Delaware; Update to Materials report of a rule entitled ‘‘United States Dol- KERRY, Mr. SANDERS, and Mr. DUR- Incorporated by Reference’’ (FRL No. 8291–7) lar Approximate Separate Transactions BIN): received on April 3, 2007; to the Committee Method’’ ((RIN1545–BF67)(TD 9320)) received S. 1087. A bill to amend the Fair Labor on Environment and Public Works. on April 6, 2007; to the Committee on Fi- Standards Act of 1938 to prohibit discrimina- EC–1418. A communication from the Sec- nance. tion in the payment of wages on account of retary of Health and Human Services, trans- EC–1429. A communication from the Chief sex, race, or national origin, and for other mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled of the Publications and Regulations Branch, purposes; to the Committee on Health, Edu- ‘‘Second Report to Congress on the Evalua- Internal Revenue Service, Department of the cation, Labor, and Pensions. tion of the Medicare Coordinated Care Dem- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the By Ms. STABENOW (for herself and onstration’’; to the Committee on Finance. report of a rule entitled ‘‘Renewable Diesel’’ Mr. LOTT): EC–1419. A communication from the Sec- (Notice 2007–37) received on April 6, 2007; to S. 1088. A bill to amend the Federal Food, retary of Labor, transmitting, the report of the Committee on Finance. Drug, and Cosmetic Act with respect to mar- draft legislation entitled ‘‘Black Lung Dis- EC–1430. A communication from the Acting ket exclusivity for certain drugs, and for ability Trust Fund Debt Restructuring Act’’; Chief of the Publications and Regulations other purposes; to the Committee on Health, to the Committee on Finance. Branch, Internal Revenue Service, Depart- Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC–1420. A communication from the Chief ment of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- By Ms. MURKOWSKI (for herself and of the Publications and Regulations Branch, ant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Co- Mr. STEVENS): Internal Revenue Service, Department of the ordinated Issue: Like-Kind Exchanges In- S. 1089. A bill to amend the Alaska Natural Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the volving Federal Communications Commis- Gas Pipeline Act to allow the Federal Coor- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tier I—Transfer of sion Licenses Guide’’ (UIL No. 1031.02–00) re- dinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transpor- Intangibles Offshore and Section 482 Cost ceived on April 6, 2007; to the Committee on tation Projects to hire employees more effi- Sharing Buy-in Payment Issue Directive No. Finance. ciently, and for other purposes; to the Com- 1’’ (LMSB–04–0307–027) received on April 6, EC–1431. A communication from the Acting mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. 2007; to the Committee on Finance. Chief of the Publications and Regulations By Ms. STABENOW (for herself and EC–1421. A communication from the Chief Branch, Internal Revenue Service, Depart- Mr. DOMENICI): of the Publications and Regulations Branch, ment of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- S. 1090. A bill to amend the Agriculture Internal Revenue Service, Department of the ant to law, the report of a rule entitled and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 to as- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the ‘‘Statute of Limitations and Exchange of In- sist the neediest of senior citizens by modi- report of a rule entitled ‘‘2007 Section 45K In- formation Concerning Certain Individuals fying the eligibility criteria for supple- flation Adjustment Factor (for Calendar Filing Income Tax Returns with the USVI’’ mental foods provided under the commodity Year 2006)’’ (Notice 2007–38) received on April (Notice 2007–31) received on April 6, 2007; to supplemental food program to take into ac- 6, 2007; to the Committee on Finance . the Committee on Finance. count the extraordinarily high out-of-pocket EC–1422. A communication from the Chief EC–1432. A communication from the Acting medical expenses that senior citizens pay, of the Publications and Regulations Branch, Chief of the Publications and Regulations and for other purposes; to the Committee on Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Branch, Internal Revenue Service, Depart- Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the ment of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- By Mr. CORKER (for himself and Mr. report of a rule entitled ‘‘Tier I Issue Re- ant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Bu- BENNETT): search and Experimentation Credit Claims reau of Labor Statistics Price Indexes for S. 1091. A bill to amend the Federal Elec- Directive No. 1’’ (LMSB–04–0307–025) received Department Stores—February 2007’’ (Rev. tion Campaign Act of 1971 to repeal the limi- on April 6, 2007; to the Committee on Fi- Rul. 2007–27) received on April 6, 2007; to the tation on party expenditures on behalf of nance. Committee on Finance. candidates in general elections; to the Com- EC–1423. A communication from the Chief EC–1433. A communication from the Com- mittee on Rules and Administration. of the Publications and Regulations Branch, missioner of the Social Security Administra- By Mr. HAGEL: Internal Revenue Service, Department of the tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report S. 1092. A bill to temporarily increase the Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the entitled ‘‘Report on Acquisitions Made from number of visas which may be issued to cer- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Updated List of Foreign Manufacturers for Fiscal Year 2006’’; tain highly skilled workers; to the Com- Areas Included in the ’North American Area’ to the Committee on Finance. mittee on the Judiciary.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4380 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS powers of attorney for health care, and of S. 731, a bill to develop a method- S. 5 for other purposes. ology for, and complete, a national assessment of geological storage capacity At the request of Mr. HARKIN, the S. 590 name of the Senator from Alaska (Mr. At the request of Mr. SALAZAR, the for carbon dioxide, and for other purposes. STEVENS) was added as a cosponsor of name of the Senator from Vermont S. 5, a bill to amend the Public Health (Mr. SANDERS) was added as a cospon- S. 746 Service Act to provide for human em- sor of S. 590, a bill to amend the Inter- At the request of Mr. ALLARD, the bryonic stem cell research. nal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the names of the Senator from Colorado S. 316 investment tax credit with respect to (Mr. SALAZAR), the Senator from Cali- solar energy property and qualified fuel At the request of Mr. KOHL, the name fornia (Mrs. BOXER), the Senator from of the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. cell property, and for other purposes. Maine (Ms. COLLINS) and the Senator JOHNSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. 626 from Illinois (Mr. OBAMA) were added S. 316, a bill to prohibit brand name At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the as cosponsors of S. 746, a bill to estab- drug companies from compensating ge- names of the Senator from Indiana lish a competitive grant program to neric drug companies to delay the (Mr. LUGAR), the Senator from Rhode build capacity in veterinary medical entry of a generic drug into the mar- Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) and the Sen- education and expand the workforce of ket. ator from Indiana (Mr. BAYH) were veterinarians engaged in public health added as cosponsors of S. 626, a bill to practice and biomedical research. S. 327 amend the Public Health Service Act S. 766 At the request of Mr. MCCAIN, the name of the Senator from California to provide for arthritis research and At the request of Mrs. CLINTON, the public health, and for other purposes. (Mrs. BOXER) was added as a cosponsor name of the Senator from Vermont of S. 327, a bill to authorize the Sec- S. 628 (Mr. SANDERS) was added as a cospon- retary of the Interior to conduct a spe- At the request of Mr. COLEMAN, the sor of S. 766, a bill to amend the Fair cial resource study of sites associated name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. Labor Standards Act of 1938 to provide with the life of Cesar Estrada Chavez ISAKSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. more effective remedies of victims of and the farm labor movement. 628, a bill to provide grants for rural discrimination in the payment of health information technology devel- wages on the basis of sex, and for other S. 358 opment activities. purposes. At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the name of the Senator from Arkansas S. 645 S. 769 (Mr. PRYOR) was added as a cosponsor At the request of Mr. THOMAS, the At the request of Mr. SALAZAR, the of S. 358, a bill to prohibit discrimina- name of the Senator from Minnesota name of the Senator from Michigan tion on the basis of genetic informa- (Mr. COLEMAN) was added as a cospon- (Mr. LEVIN) was added as a cosponsor of tion with respect to health insurance sor of S. 645, a bill to amend the En- S. 769, a bill to amend the Elementary and employment. ergy Policy Act of 2005 to provide an and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to alternate sulfur dioxide removal meas- ensure that participants in the Troops S. 394 urement for certain coal gasification to Teachers program may teach at a At the request of Mr. AKAKA, the project goals. range of eligible schools. names of the Senator from Connecticut S. 691 S. 770 (Mr. LIEBERMAN) and the Senator from Maryland (Mr. CARDIN) were added as At the request of Mr. CONRAD, the At the request of Mr. HARKIN, the cosponsors of S. 394, a bill to amend the names of the Senator from Tennessee name of the Senator from Alaska (Ms. Humane Methods of Livestock Slaugh- (Mr. ALEXANDER) and the Senator from MURKOWSKI) was added as a cosponsor ter Act of 1958 to ensure the humane Michigan (Ms. STABENOW) were added of S. 770, a bill to amend the Food slaughter of nonambulatory livestock, as cosponsors of S. 691, a bill to amend Stamp Act of 1977 to permit partici- and for other purposes. title XVIII of the Social Security Act pating households to use food stamp to improve the benefits under the benefits to purchase nutritional supple- S. 460 Medicare program for beneficiaries ments providing vitamins or minerals, At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the with kidney disease, and for other pur- and for other purposes. name of the Senator from North Da- poses. kota (Mr. CONRAD) was added as a co- S. 795 sponsor of S. 460, a bill to make deter- S. 700 At the request of Mr. OBAMA, the minations by the United States Trade At the request of Mr. CRAPO, the name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. Representative under title III of the names of the Senator from Michigan DURBIN) was added as a cosponsor of S. Trade Act of 1974 reviewable by the (Ms. STABENOW) and the Senator from 795, a bill to assist aliens who have Court of International Trade and to en- Alabama (Mr. SESSIONS) were added as been lawfully admitted in becoming sure that the United States Trade Rep- cosponsors of S. 700, a bill to amend the citizens of the United States, and for resentative considers petitions to en- Internal Revenue Code to provide a tax other purposes. force United States Trade rights, and credit to individuals who enter into S. 796 for other purposes. agreements to protect the habitats of At the request of Mr. BUNNING, the endangered and threatened species, and S. 465 name of the Senator from North Da- for other purposes. At the request of Mr. NELSON of Flor- kota (Mr. CONRAD) was added as a co- ida, the name of the Senator from S. 718 sponsor of S. 796, a bill to amend title Rhode Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) was At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 to provide added as a cosponsor of S. 465, a bill to name of the Senator from Connecticut that exchange-rate misalignment by amend titles XVIII and XIX of the So- (Mr. LIEBERMAN) was added as a co- any foreign nation is a countervailable cial Security Act and title III of the sponsor of S. 718, a bill to optimize the export subsidy, to amend the Exchange Public Health Service Act to improve delivery of critical care medicine and Rates and International Economic Pol- access to information about individ- expand the critical care workforce. icy Coordination Act of 1988 to clarify uals’ health care options and legal S. 721 the definition of manipulation with re- rights for care near the end of life, to At the request of Mr. ENZI, the name spect to currency, and for other pur- promote advance care planning and de- of the Senator from North Dakota (Mr. poses. cisionmaking so that individuals’ wish- CONRAD) was added as a cosponsor of S. S. 812 es are known should they become un- 721, a bill to allow travel between the At the request of Mr. HATCH, the able to speak for themselves, to engage United States and Cuba. name of the Senator from West Vir- health care providers in disseminating S. 731 ginia (Mr. ROCKEFELLER) was added as information about and assisting in the At the request of Mr. SALAZAR, the a cosponsor of S. 812, a bill to prohibit preparation of advance directives, name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. human cloning and protect stem cell which include living wills and durable BROWNBACK) was added as a cosponsor research.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4381 S. 831 impose sanctions on Iran and on other S. CON. RES. 3 At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the countries for assisting Iran in devel- At the request of Mr. SALAZAR, the names of the Senator from Iowa (Mr. oping a nuclear program, and for other name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. HARKIN) and the Senator from Cali- purposes. VOINOVICH) was added as a cosponsor of fornia (Mrs. BOXER) were added as co- S. 974 S. Con. Res. 3, a concurrent resolution sponsors of S. 831, a bill to authorize At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the expressing the sense of Congress that it States and local governments to pro- names of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. is the goal of the United States that, hibit the investment of State assets in VOINOVICH), the Senator from Con- not later than January 1, 2025, the agri- any company that has a qualifying necticut (Mr. LIEBERMAN) and the Sen- cultural, forestry, and working land of business relationship with Sudan. ator from Mississippi (Mr. LOTT) were the United States should provide from S. 839 added as cosponsors of S. 974, a bill to renewable resources not less than 25 At the request of Mr. ROBERTS, the amend title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 percent of the total energy consumed name of the Senator from Nebraska to provide that the provisions relating in the United States and continue to (Mr. HAGEL) was added as a cosponsor to countervailing duties apply to non- produce safe, abundant, and affordable of S. 839, a bill to amend the Internal market economy countries, and for food, feed, and fiber. Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude other purposes. S. CON. RES. 25 amounts received as a military basic S. 991 At the request of Mr. OBAMA, the housing allowance from consideration At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the name of the Senator from Connecticut as income for purposes of the low-in- name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. (Mr. LIEBERMAN) was added as a co- come housing credit and qualified resi- BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. sponsor of S. Con. Res. 25, a concurrent dential rental projects. 991, a bill to establish the Senator Paul resolution condemning the recent vio- S. 844 Simon Study Abroad Foundation under lent actions of the Government of At the request of Mrs. FEINSTEIN, the the authorities of the Mutual Edu- Zimbabwe against peaceful opposition name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. cational and Cultural Exchange Act of party activists and members of civil so- BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. 1961. ciety. 844, a bill to provide for the protection S. 999 S. RES. 65 of unaccompanied alien children, and At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the for other purposes. name of the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. name of the Senator from Minnesota S. 858 AKAKA) was added as a cosponsor of S. (Ms. KLOBUCHAR) was added as a co- At the request of Mr. WYDEN, the 999, a bill to amend the Public Health sponsor of S. Res. 65, a resolution con- name of the Senator from Minnesota Service Act to improve stroke preven- demning the murder of Turkish-Arme- (Mr. COLEMAN) was added as a cospon- tion, diagnosis, treatment, and reha- nian journalist and human rights advo- sor of S. 858, a bill to amend the Inter- bilitation. cate Hrant Dink and urging the people nal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the S. 1012 of Turkey to honor his legacy of toler- transportation fringe benefit to bicycle At the request of Ms. LANDRIEU, the ance. commuters. names of the Senator from South Da- S. RES. 76 S. 902 kota (Mr. JOHNSON) and the Senator At the request of Mr. FEINGOLD, the At the request of Mr. HARKIN, the from North Dakota (Mr. DORGAN) were name of the Senator from Connecticut name of the Senator from Washington added as cosponsors of S. 1012, a bill to (Mr. DODD) was added as a cosponsor of (Mrs. MURRAY) was added as a cospon- amend the Consumer Credit Protection S. Res. 76, a resolution calling on the sor of S. 902, a bill to provide support Act to assure meaningful disclosures of United States Government and the and assistance for families of members the terms of rental-purchase agree- international community to promptly of the National Guard and Reserve who ments, including disclosures of all develop, fund, and implement a com- are undergoing deployment, and for costs to consumers under such agree- prehensive regional strategy in Africa other purposes. ments, to provide certain substantive to protect civilians, facilitate humani- S. 911 rights to consumers under such agree- tarian operations, contain and reduce At the request of Mr. COLEMAN, the ments, and for other purposes. violence, and contribute to conditions name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. S. 1020 for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, ISAKSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. At the request of Mrs. HUTCHISON, the northern Central African Republic, and 911, a bill to amend the Public Health name of the Senator from Missouri Darfur, Sudan. Service Act to advance medical re- (Mr. BOND) was added as a cosponsor of S. RES. 106 search and treatments into pediatric S. 1020, a bill to move toward energy At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the cancers, ensure patients and families independence through a coordinated name of the Senator from South Da- have access to the current treatments development of renewable energy kota (Mr. JOHNSON) was added as a co- and information regarding pediatric sources, including wave, solar, wind, sponsor of S. Res. 106, a resolution call- cancers, establish a population-based geothermal, and biofuels production. ing on the President to ensure that the national childhood cancer database, S. 1026 foreign policy of the United States re- and promote public awareness of pedi- At the request of Mr. CHAMBLISS, the flects appropriate understanding and atric cancers. name of the Senator from South Caro- sensitivity concerning issues related to S. 969 lina (Mr. GRAHAM) was added as a co- human rights, ethnic cleansing, and At the request of Mr. DODD, the sponsor of S. 1026, a bill to designate genocide documented in the United names of the Senator from Montana the Department of Veterans Affairs States record relating to the Armenian (Mr. TESTER) and the Senator from Medical Center in Augusta, Georgia, as Genocide. Rhode Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) were the ‘‘Charlie Norwood Department of S. RES. 141 added as cosponsors of S. 969, a bill to Veterans Affairs Medical Center’’. At the request of Mrs. CLINTON, the amend the National Labor Relations S. 1060 name of the Senator from Washington Act to modify the definition of super- At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the (Mrs. MURRAY) was added as a cospon- visor. name of the Senator from Massachu- sor of S. Res. 141, a resolution urging S. 970 setts (Mr. KENNEDY) was added as a co- all member countries of the Inter- At the request of Mr. SMITH, the sponsor of S. 1060, a bill to reauthorize national Commission of the Inter- names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. the grant program for reentry of of- national Tracing Service who have yet ROBERTS), the Senator from Idaho (Mr. fenders into the community in the Om- to ratify the May 2006 amendments to CRAPO), the Senator from North Da- nibus Crime Control and Safe Streets the 1955 Bonn Accords to expedite the kota (Mr. CONRAD) and the Senator Act of 1968, to improve reentry plan- ratification process to allow for open from North Carolina (Mrs. DOLE) were ning and implementation, and for other access to the Holocaust archives lo- added as cosponsors of S. 970, a bill to purposes. cated at Bad Arolsen, Germany.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 S. RES. 142 construction of an Alaskan North Second, the bill gives the coordinator At the request of Mr. BIDEN, the Slope gas conditioning plant. The two the ability to establish reasonable per- names of the Senator from New Jersey credits were believed to produce about mit filing and service fees and charges (Mr. LAUTENBERG), the Senator from Il- three-quarters of a billion dollars of to defray the cost of regulating and the linois (Mr. DURBIN), the Senator from benefit to the project. oversight of any pipeline project. While Wisconsin (Mr. FEINGOLD), the Senator The project itself involves building a the proposed budget may pay for a half from Maryland (Mr. CARDIN), the Sen- system, either an overland pipeline dozen to a dozen employees, nearly 400 ator from Florida (Mr. NELSON), the through Canada or a pipeline through were employed in oversight of con- Senator from California (Mrs. FEIN- Alaska leading to a natural gas struction of the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipe- STEIN) and the Senator from New Jer- liquefication facility at tidewater in line, some 30 years ago. The bill copies sey (Mr. MENENDEZ) were added as co- Alaska, to move gas to markets in the the structure that is currently em- sponsors of S. Res. 142, a resolution ob- lower 48 States. Alaska has 35 trillion ployed by the Bureau of Land Manage- serving Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Me- cubic feet of known gas in the Prudhoe ment’s oil and gas leasing division, morial Day, and calling on the remain- Bay oil field and likely holds another FLP&MA Section 304, so that it follows ing member countries of the Inter- 150 to 200 trillion cubic feet of gas both a known process in allowing the Fed- national Commission of the Inter- on and offshore in northern Alaska. eral Coordinator to set and collect fees. national Tracing Service to ratify the Getting that gas to market would help Third, the bill in its Section 2 clari- May 2006 amendments to the 1955 Bonn to meet a likely gas shortage in the fies part of the original 2004 act’s Sec- Accords immediately to allow open ac- lower 48 States within a decade, help- tion 107. That section set up an expe- cess to the Bad Arolsen archives. ing to keep the United States from be- dited review process so that any suit At the request of Mr. COLEMAN, his coming even more dependent on im- concerning the pipeline under its ena- name was added as a cosponsor of S. ported LNG from foreign suppliers. bling legislation or concerning its com- Res. 142, supra. Currently Alaska’s new Governor is pliance with the National Environ- f in the process of calling for proposals mental Policy Act would go first to the from gas producers, pipeline companies U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, D.C. Cir- STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED and others interested in building the cuit. All cases would have to be filed BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS project, one currently estimated to within 60 days of an action and the By Ms. MURKOWSKI (for herself cost between $30 billion and about half court would have to ‘‘expedite’’ deci- and Mr. STEVENS): that amount—depending on whether sions on all such cases. This action S. 1089. A bill to amend the Alaska the line through Canada or an LNG simply also adds that suits stemming Natural Gas Pipeline Act to allow the project is deemed most economic. from the pipeline’s permitting or con- Federal Coordinator for Alaska Nat- Congress last year funded the cre- struction that relates to the Adminis- ural Gas Transportation Projects to ation of the Federal Coordinator’s of- trative Procedures Act, the Endan- hire employees more efficiently, and fice to begin the process of bringing gered Species Act, and the National for other purposes; to the Committee Federal and State agencies together to Historic Preservation Act, besides on Energy and Natural Resources. oversee the permitting, design, and NEPA, would also go to the D.C. Cir- Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I construction of a pipeline. The Office cuit for expedited review. It clearly fol- rise today to introduce legislation that of the Federal Coordinator was funded lows the original intent of the 2004 act, should allow the entity we created just for fiscal year 2007 initially with a but does not limit litigation unfairly. 21⁄2 years ago to oversee and expedite $403,000 transfer of funds from the De- The goal of this legislation, if it can construction of a gas line to bring partment of Energy, with perhaps an- be approved quickly by this Congress, Alaska’s huge reserves of natural gas other $450,000 to $500,000 soon to be would be to help the Pipeline Coordi- to markets in the lower 48 States to transferred. A coordinator, Alaskan nator staff her office more quickly and work better and function more smooth- former State Senate President Drue then to provide the office the possi- ly and quickly. Pearce, was also named, confirmed and bility of a more readily available I, and Senator TED STEVENS who is is now at work, and the office has source of funding, should a pipeline ap- co-sponsoring this legislation, are in- reached an agreement with all of the 15 plicant move to proceed: The bill also troducing this bill in an effort to help Federal agencies it will oversee on how will clarify the legal process for review speed the full functioning of the Office a pipeline is to be permitted. of a pipeline, helping to speed the of Pipeline Coordinator, the entity The Bush administration has pro- project and reduce the chances for cost that we created in fall 2004 to oversee posed $2.3 million in its fiscal year 2008 overruns in construction of potentially the permitting, design and then con- budget request to better fund the Coor- the largest private capital construction struction of an Alaska Natural Gas dinator’s Office. But development of project in the world’s history. Pipeline project, intended to bring the office has shown three problems This is a vital project. It has the abil- Alaska’s reserves of gas to a Nation in that need corrective action by Con- ity to move from 4.5 to 6 billion cubic need of additional natural gas supplies. gress, the first immediately. feet of gas a day, about 5 percent of the In 2004 we passed two sets of provi- First, the 2004 act made the Coordi- Nation’s total gas needs in 2018—the sions. The first in that year’s Military nator follow Federal personnel law, first year the pipeline could go into Construction Appropriations Act, H.R. specifically Title 5 that is a slow and service, if a final overland project was 4837, P.L. 108–324/15 U.S.C. 720, set up an cumbersome personnel process. This selected and proposed within the next Office of Federal Pipeline Coordinator bill grants a waiver to Title 5 hiring year. It would likely produce about a to oversee the 15 Federal agencies that procedures so that the Federal Coordi- third of that initially, if an LNG will have a role to play in construction nator can hire and fire her staff, based project was selected to be built. and financing of a pipeline system. The on their competence. That should cut This should not be a controversial bill also set up a streamlined permit- the time needed to staff the office with measure. It should have no non- ting and expedited court review process experts in pipeline construction by 6 to appropriated costs involved in carrying to limit unnecessary delays in the 9 months. Given how important it is out its provisions. Section 2 of the bill project—and hopefully prevent costly that the agency has specialists quickly will save the Nation untold millions of delays from driving up the project’s to assist the State of Alaska in its ef- dollars in overseeing permitting and price. That bill also included an $18 bil- forts to select a pipeline builder, pass- construction of a pipeline, once a firm lion Federal loan guarantee. The sec- ing legislation to speed the hiring of project is selected. Some will say that ond of that year’s pipeline related bills, Office staff is vital. the bill is not needed since the State of the FSC–ETI Act (H.R. 4520/P.L. 108– The waiver, also is common practice Alaska has yet to reach final agree- 357) provided the Federal financial infor smaller Federal agencies as a host ment with Alaska North Slope gas pro- centives expected to be needed to aid of agencies, from the Election Assist- ducers on a firm agreement to build a financing of the project. They included ance Commission to the Vietnam Edu- line. I would argue, however, that this a tax credit for the cost of the pipe in cation Foundation, enjoy the hiring bill needs to pass now to provide addi- Alaska and a tax credit for the cost of waiver. tional assistance to help the State

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4383 hammer out such an agreement and so to determine eligibility for women, in- that it can reach more of the nation’s needy the regulatory process is clearly in fants and children in CSFP 185 percent seniors. Strengthening the nutrition safety place, once such an agreement is of the Poverty Income Guidelines— net for older Americans is a matter of para- reached. The Coordinator’s Office is al- would be applied to seniors as well. The mount importance as this population grows and ages. ready involved in a host of discussions current income eligibility standard for We strongly endorse the Senior Nutrition and actions relating to a pipeline and seniors has been capped at just 130 per- Act and support your and Senator Domen- the pace is likely to quicken in coming cent. Under the current Federal pov- ici’s effort to expand the number of elderly months, provided the office has the ex- erty guidelines, a single senior cannot eligible for the program by broadening the pertise it needs to provide technical in- earn more than $13,273 per year to qual- income eligibility standards and permitting formation to further a project. ify. By raising the standard to 185 per- categorical eligibility for seniors who par- I hope the Senate and the Congress cent of poverty, the same senior can ticipate in or are eligible to participate in will review and approve this bill quick- the Food Stamp Program. earn as much as $18,888 to qualify for As you know, the CSFP provides critical ly. food. This will make a major difference nutrients to supplement the diets of thou- The Alaska gas line project is too im- in the lives of so many seniors who are sands of low-income elderly who could not portant for this Nation’s energy future, struggling with the high cost of pre- replace this food at the same low price as for our energy security, for our na- scription drugs. that provided by the CSFP food package. tional security and for our balance of This bill has been endorsed by the Moreover, as you are aware, this program payments deficit for it to be delayed National CSFP Association and Amer- also helps to support our nation’s farmers needlessly. These changes will likely ica’s Second Harvest. I ask unanimous who grow the food that feeds this needy population, along with millions of others who speed the process of proceeding with a consent that a copy of these support pipeline. depend on our country’s food and nutrition letters be printed in the RECORD fol- programs. lowing my remarks. By Ms. STABENOW (for herself We are very grateful for your efforts to ex- There being no objection, the letters pand eligibility for this important program and Mr. DOMENICI): were ordered to be printed in the and for the contribution you have always S. 1090. A bill to amend the Agri- RECORD, as follows: made in waging the war against hunger in culture and Consumer Protection Act NATIONAL CSFP ASSOCIATION, America. Thank you very much. of 1973 to assist the neediest of senior March 19, 2007. Sincerely, citizens by modifying the eligibility Hon. DEBBIE STABENOW VICKI ESCARRA, criteria for supplemental foods pro- U.S. Senate, President and CEO. vided under the commodity supple- Washington, DC. f mental food program to take into ac- DEAR SENATOR STABENOW: Thank you for AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND count the extraordinarily high out-of- your continuing support of the Commodity PROPOSED pocket medical expenses that senior Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) which citizens pay, and for other purposes; to provides an important buffer for our vulner- SA 840. Mr. HARKIN (for Mr. LUGAR) pro- able children and seniors each month. Your the Committee on Agriculture, Nutri- posed an amendment to the resolution S. support has made a tremendous difference Res. 76, calling on the United States Govern- tion, and Forestry. and we appreciate your tireless efforts. ment and the international community to Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I The National CSFP Association strongly promptly develop, fund, and implement a rise today to introduce the Senior Nu- supports your efforts to re-introduce and comprehensive regional strategy in Africa to trition Act, which will make needed pass the Senior Nutrition Act and will work protect civilians, facilitate humanitarian op- improvements to the Commodity Sup- diligently to see that it happens this year. erations, contain and reduce violence, and plemental Food Program to prevent As you know, 91% of our recipients are now contribute to conditions for sustainable our seniors from having to make the seniors living below 130% of Federal Poverty peace in eastern Chad, northern Central Afri- Level. For a household of one, this is only a can Republic, and Darfur, Sudan. terrible choice between food and medi- maximum of $1,062 per month. While some cine as they try to balance their budg- SA 841. Mr. HARKIN (for Mr. LUGAR) pro- changes have been made in Medicare to help posed an amendment to the resolution S. ets. seniors buy prescriptions, the rising medical Res. 76, supra. I am pleased to have the support of and fuel costs are still of great concern to f my friend, Senator DOMENICI of New those on fixed incomes and many of those Mexico, who has been one of the Sen- seniors qualifying for food stamps due to TEXT OF AMENDMENTS medical cost deductions will lose the deduc- ate’s strongest supporters of CSFP. SA 840. Mr. HARKIN (for Mr. LUGAR) Nationally, 32 States and the District tions to income and subsequently their food stamps. proposed an amendment to the resolu- of Columbia participate in CSFP, By amending the eligibility criteria for tion S. Res. 76, calling on the United which works to improve the health of seniors served by CSFP through the Senior States Government and the inter- both women with children and seniors Nutrition Act, the neediest of seniors will national community to promptly de- by supplementing their diets with nu- continue to receive nutrition assistance, velop, fund, and implement a com- tritious USDA commodity foods. Ac- which is crucial if they are to remain in good prehensive regional strategy in Africa cording to USDA, nearly half a million health. Again, thank you for championing the to protect civilians, facilitate humani- people each month participated in tarian operations, contain and reduce CSFP during fiscal year 2006, with the causes of our nation’s elderly. Sincerely, violence, and contribute to conditions overwhelming majority being seniors. FRANK KUBIK, for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, My State of Michigan has one of the President. northern Central African Republic, and largest and oldest CSFP network in the Darfur, Sudan; as follows: Nation. Last year, over 80,000 people in AMERICA’S SECOND HARVEST, On page 5, after line 25, insert the fol- Michigan benefited from this impor- THE NATION’S FOOD BANK NETWORK, lowing: tant program. March 27, 2007. (6) urges the Government of the Central The bill I am introducing today will Hon. DEBBIE STABENOW, African Republic— make the following important changes U.S. Senate, (A) to engage in constructive and inclusive to CSFP. Washington, DC. dialogue with rebels in the northwestern re- DEAR SENATOR STABENOW: I am writing on gion of the country; First, categorical eligibility is grant- behalf of the more than 200 food banks and ed for seniors for CSFP if the indi- (B) to hold accountable security forces en- approximately 50,000 emergency feeding or- gaging in human rights violations; and vidual participates or is eligible to par- ganizations that are part of America’s Sec- (C) to strengthen government services in ticipate in the Food Stamp Program. ond Harvest—The Nation’s Food Bank Net- order to meet the needs of affected popu- No further verification of income work, to thank you for your continuing sup- lations; would be necessary in such cases. The port for the Commodity Supplemental Food On page 6, line 1 strike ‘‘(6)’’ and insert Food Stamp Program provides a med- Program (CSFP) and your persistent efforts ‘‘(7)’’. ical expense deduction, which seniors to improve the nutrition and health of mil- On page 6, lines 1 and 2, strike ‘‘advocate lions of this nation’s elderly. for the appointment of’’ and insert ‘‘urge the may use to account for their high pre- With approximately 27 percent of our food United Nations Security Council to ap- scription drug costs. bank members distributing nutritious food point’’. Second, this bill says that the same boxes through the CSFP, we know how very On page 6, line 8, strike ‘‘(7)’’ and insert income standard that is currently used necessary it is to expand this program so ‘‘(8)’’.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 On page 6, line 10, insert ‘‘United Nations’’ mission; and H.R. 1047, to authorize the mittee on Finance be authorized to after ‘‘advance’’. Secretary of the Interior to conduct a meet during the Session of the Senate On page 6, line 11, insert ‘‘and northern study to determine the suitability and on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, at 10 a.m., Central African Republic’’ after ‘‘Chad’’. On page 6, line 13, strike ‘‘(8)’’ and insert feasibility of designating the Soldiers’ in 215 Dirksen Senate Office Building, ‘‘(9)’’. Memorial Military Museum located in to hear testimony on ‘‘An Examination On page 6, line 15, insert ‘‘and northern St. Louis, Missouri, as a unit of the Na- of the Medicare Advantage Program.’’ Central African Republic’’ after ‘‘Chad’’. tional Park System. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without On page 7, line 24, strike ‘‘(9)’’ and insert Because of the limited time available objection, it is so ordered. ‘‘(10)’’. for the hearing, witnesses may testify COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY by invitation only. However, those SA 841. Mr. HARKIN (for Mr. LUGAR) Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask proposed an amendment to the resolu- wishing to submit written testimony unanimous consent that the committee tion S. Res. 76, calling on the United for the hearing record should send it to on the Judiciary be authorized to meet States Government and the inter- the Committee on Energy and Natural to conduct a hearing on ‘‘Judicial national community to promptly de- Resources, United States Senate, Nominations’’ on Wednesday, April 11, velop, fund, and implement a com- Washington, DC 20510–6150, or by email 2007, at 10 a.m., in Dirksen Senate Of- _ prehensive regional strategy in Africa to rachel [email protected] fice Building room 226. to protect civilians, facilitate humani- .gov. For further information, please con- Witness List tarian operations, contain and reduce tact David Brooks at (202) 224–9863 or violence, and contribute to conditions Panel I: The Honorable Richard Rachel Pasternack at (202) 224–0883. for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, Lugar, United States Senator, R–IN. northern Central African Republic, and f Panel II: Debra Ann Livingston to be Darfur, Sudan; as follows: AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO U.S. Circuit Judge for the Second Cir- Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘Calling on MEET cuit; Roslynn Renee Mauskopf to be the United States Government and the inter- COMMITTEE ON BANKING, HOUSING, AND URBAN U.S. District Judge for the Eastern national community to promptly develop, AFFAIRS District of New York; Richard Joseph fund, and implement a comprehensive re- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask Sullivan to be U.S. District Judge for gional strategy in Africa to protect civilians, unanimous consent that the Com- the Southern District of New York; Jo- facilitate humanitarian operations, contain mittee on Banking, Housing, and seph S. Van Bokkelen to be U.S. Dis- and reduce violence, and contribute to conditions for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, Urban Affairs be authorized to meet trict Judge for the Northern District of northern Central African Republic, and during the session of the Senate on Indiana. Darfur, Sudan.’’ April 11, 2007, at 9:30 a.m., to conduct a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without f hearing on ‘‘An Examination of the objection, it is so ordered. NOTICES OF HEARINGS/MEETINGS Availability and Affordability of Prop- COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINISTRATION erty and Casualty Insurance in Gulf Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL PARKS Coast and Other Coastal Regions.’’ unanimous consent that the Com- Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without mittee on Rules and Administration be would like to announce for the infor- objection, it is so ordered. authorized to meet during the session mation of the Senate and the public COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND of the Senate on Wednesday, April 11, that a hearing has been scheduled be- TRANSPORTATION 2007, at 10 a.m., to conduct an oversight fore the Subcommittee on National Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask meeting on the Smithsonian Institu- Parks. unanimous consent that the Com- tion. The hearing will be held on April 26, mittee on Transportation be author- 2007, at 2:30 p.m. in room SD–366 of the THE PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ized to hold a hearing during the ses- objection, it is so ordered. Dirksen Senate Office Building. sion of the Senate on Wednesday, April COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS The purpose of the hearing is to re- 11, 2007 at 10 a.m., in room 253 of the ceive testimony on the following bills: Russell Senate Office Building. The Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask S. 169, to amend the National Trails purpose of this hearing is to examine unanimous consent for the Committee System Act to clarify Federal author- the property and casualty insurance in- on Veterans’ Affairs be authorized to ity relating to land acquisition from dustry. meet during the session of the Senate willing sellers for the majority of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, to hold a trails in the System; S. 312/H.R. 497, to objection, it is so ordered. hearing on the Filipino Veterans Eq- authorize the Marion Park Project and COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND uity Act of 2007. Committee of the Palmetto Conserva- TRANSPORTATION The hearing will take place in room tion Foundation to establish a com- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask 418 of the Russell Senate Office Build- memorative work on Federal land in unanimous consent that the Com- ing beginning at 9:30 a.m. the District of Columbia and its envi- mittee on Commerce, Science, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without rons to honor Brigadier General Transportation be authorized to hold a objection, it is so ordered. Francis Marion; S. 580, to amend the hearing during the session of the Sen- SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE CONSTITUTION, CIVIL National Trails System Act to require ate on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, at 2:30 RIGHTS AND PROPERTY RIGHTS the Secretary of the Interior to update p.m., in room 253 of the Russell Senate Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask the feasibility and suitability studies Office Building. The purpose of this unanimous consent that the Sub- of four national historic trails; S. 686, hearing is to examine efforts to im- committee on The Constitution be au- to amend the National Trails System prove airline passenger service. thorized to meet on Wednesday, April Act to designate the Washington-Ro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 11, 2007 at 3:00 p.m. to conduct a hear- chambeau Revolutionary Route Na- objection, it is so ordered. ing on ‘‘Responding to The Inspector tional Historic Trail; S. 722, to direct COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS General’s Findings of Improper Use of the Secretary of the Interior and the Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask National Security Letters by the FBI’’ Secretary of Agriculture to jointly unanimous consent that the Com- in Room 226 of the Dirksen Senate Of- conduct a study of certain land adja- mittee on Foreign Relations be author- fice Building. cent to the Walnut Canyon National ized to meet during the session of the Witness List: The Honorable Bob Monument in the State of Arizona; S. Senate on Wednesday, April 11, 2007 at Barr, Former Member of Congress, 783, to adjust the boundary of the 9:30 a.m. to hold a hearing on genocide Chairman, Patriots to Restore Checks Barataria Preserve Unit of the Jean in Sudan. and Balances Atlanta, GA; George Lafitte National Historical Park and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Christian, Executive Director, Library Preserve in the State of Louisiana; S. objection, it is so ordered. Connection, Inc., Windsor, CT; Suzanne 890, to provide for certain administra- COMMITTEE ON FINANCE E. Spaulding, Principal, Bingham Con- tive and support services for the Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask sulting Group of Counsel, Bingham Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Com- unanimous consent that the Com- McCutchen LLP, Washington, DC; and

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4385 Peter Swire, C. William O’Neil, Pro- APPOINTMENT On page 7, line 24 strike ‘‘(9)’’ and insert ‘‘(10)’’. fessor of Law at the Ohio State Univer- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sity, Senior Fellow, Center for Amer- Chair, on behalf of the President pro The amendment (No. 841) was agreed ican Progress, Washington, DC. tempore, upon the recommendation of to, as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the Democratic leader, pursuant to (Purpose: To amend the title) objection, it is so ordered. Public Law 105–292, as amended by Pub- Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘Calling on SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGING THREATS AND lic Law 106–55, and as further amended the United States Government and the inter- CAPABILITIES national community to promptly develop, by Public Law 107–228, appoints the fol- fund, and implement a comprehensive re- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask lowing individual to the United States unanimous consent that the Sub- gional strategy in Africa to protect civilians, Commission on International Religious facilitate humanitarian operations, contain committee on Emerging Threats and Freedom: Dr. Don H. Argue, of Wash- and reduce violence, and contribute to condi- Capabilities be authorized to meet in ington, (for a term of May 15, 2007–May tions for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, open session during the session of the 14, 2009). northern Central African Republic, and Senate on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, at Darfur, Sudan.’’ f 9:30 a.m., to receive testimony on nu- The resolution (S. Res. 76), as amend- clear nonproliferation programs at the COMPREHENSIVE REGIONAL ed, was agreed to. National Nuclear Security Administra- STRATEGY TO IMPROVE CONDI- The preamble was agreed to. tion and the Cooperative Threat Re- TIONS IN AFRICA The resolution, with its preamble, duction Program and the Proliferation Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask reads as follows: Security Initiative at the Department unanimous consent that the Senate S. RES. 76 of Defense in review of the defense au- proceed to the consideration of Cal- Whereas armed groups have been moving thorization request for fiscal year 2008 endar No. 103, S. Res. 76. freely between Sudan, Chad, and the Central and the future years defense program. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The African Republic, committing murder and engaging in banditry, forced recruitment of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without clerk will report the resolution by objection, it is so ordered. soldiers, and gender-based violence; title. Whereas these and other crimes are con- SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES The legislative clerk read as follows: tributing to insecurity and instability Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask A resolution (S. Res. 76) calling on the throughout the region, exacerbating the hu- unanimous consent that the Sub- United States Government and the inter- manitarian crises in these countries and ob- committee on Strategic Forces be au- national community to promptly develop, structing efforts to end violence in the thorized to meet in open and closed fund, and implement a comprehensive re- Darfur region of Sudan and adjacent areas; session during the session of the Sen- gional strategy in Africa to protect civilians, Whereas on January 5, 2007, the United Na- ate on Wednesday, April 11, 2007, at 3 facilitate humanitarian operations, contain tions High Commissioner for Refugees and reduce violence, and contribute to condi- (UNHCR) reported that crossborder attacks p.m. to receive testimony on Ballistic by alleged Arab militias from Sudan and re- Missile Defense Programs in review of tions for sustainable peace in eastern Chad, the Central African Republic, and Darfur, lated intercommunal ethnic hostilities in the defense authorization request for Sudan. eastern Chad had resulted in the displace- fiscal year 2008 and the future years de- ment of an estimated 20,000 people from Chad fense program. There being no objection, the Senate during the previous 2 weeks and posed a di- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without proceeded to consider the resolution. rect threat to camps housing refugees from objection, it is so ordered. Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask Sudan; unanimous consent that the amend- Whereas these new internally displaced f ment at the desk be agreed to; the title Chadians have strained the resources of 12 PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR amendment be agreed to; the resolu- UNHCR-run camps in eastern Chad that are tion, as amended, be agreed to; the pre- already serving more than 100,000 internally Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask displaced Chadians and 230,000 refugees from unanimous consent that Matt Castillo amble be agreed to; and the motions to Darfur and providing humanitarian support and Patrick Fields of my staff be reconsider be laid upon the table. and protection to more than 46,000 refugees granted the privilege of the floor for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without from the Central African Republic in south- the duration of today’s session. objection, it is so ordered. ern Chad; The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- The amendment (No. 840) was agreed Whereas Chadian gendarmes responsible pore. Without objection, it is so or- to, as follows: for providing security in and around the 12 UNHCR-run camps in eastern Chad are too (Purpose: To urge the Government of the dered. few in number, too poorly equipped, and too Central African Republic to address human Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I ask besieged by Chadian rebel actions to carry rights abuses in the northwestern region of unanimous consent that Lindy Haw- out critical protection efforts sufficiently; that country) kins, an intern in my office, and Whereas on January 16, 2007, the United Clarita Mrena, a detailee with the On page 5, after line 25, insert the fol- Nations’ Humanitarian Coordinator for the Aging Committee, be accorded the lowing: Central African Republic reported that privilege of the floor. (6) urges the Government of the Central waves of violence across the north have left African Republic— more than 1,000,000 people in need of humani- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (A) to engage in constructive and inclusive objection, it is so ordered. tarian assistance, including 150,000 who are dialogue with rebels in the northwestern re- internally displaced, while some 80,000 have Mr. HARKIN. I ask unanimous con- gion of the country; fled to neighboring Chad or Cameroon; sent the privilege of the floor be grant- (B) to hold accountable security forces en- Whereas in a Presidential Statement ed to Eleanore Edson, a fellow in the gaging in human rights violations; and issued on January 16, 2007 (S/PRST/2007/2), office of Senator CLINTON, during to- (C) to strengthen government services in the United Nations Security Council reiter- day’s session. order to meet the needs of affected popu- ated its ‘‘concern about the continuing in- The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- lations; stability along the borders between the pore. Without objection, it is so or- On page 6, line 1, strike ‘‘(6)’’ and insert Sudan, Chad and the Central African Repub- ‘‘(7)’’. dered. lic and about the threat which this poses to On page 6, lines 1 and 2, strike ‘‘advocate the safety of the civilian population and the Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I ask for the appointment of’’ and insert ‘‘urge the conduct of humanitarian operations’’ and re- unanimous consent that Melanie Rob- United Nations Security Council to ap- quested ‘‘that the Secretary-General deploy erts, a fellow in Senator BINGAMAN’s of- point’’. as soon as possible an advance mission to fice, be granted the privileges of the On page 6, line 8, strike ‘‘(7)’’’ and insert Chad and the Central African Republic, in floor for the pendency of S. 5 and S. 30. ‘‘(8)’’. consultation with their Governments’’; The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- On page 6, line 10, insert ‘‘United Nations’’ Whereas the Presidential Statement ac- pore. Without objection, it is so or- after ‘‘advance’’. knowledged ‘‘the position taken by the Cen- On page 6, line 11, insert ‘‘and northern dered. tral African and Chadian authorities in favor Central African Republic’’ after ‘‘Chad’’. in principle of such a presence and looks for- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- On page 6, line 13, strike ‘‘(8)’’ and insert ward to their continued engagement in pre- ator from Iowa is recognized. ‘‘(9)’’. paring for it’’; Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, there is On page 6, line 15, insert ‘‘and northern Whereas a December 22, 2006, report of the an appointment at the desk. Central African Republic’’ after ‘‘Chad’’. United Nations Secretary-General (S/2006/

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 1019) expressed a need to address the rapidly (7) calls upon the President to urge the to the consideration of Calendar No. 59, deteriorating security situation of Sudan, United Nations Security Council to appoint James R. Clapper, Jr., of Virginia, to Chad, and the Central African Republic and a senior United Nations official to direct and be Under Secretary of Defense for In- to protect civilians in the border areas of coordinate all international humanitarian telligence, that the nomination be con- Sudan, Chad, and the Central African Repub- activities on both sides of Sudan’s western lic and recommended a robust mission that border and expand the response to emer- firmed, the motion to reconsider be ‘‘would, among other tasks: facilitate the po- gency needs related to the political and hu- laid on the table, the President be im- litical process; protect civilians; monitor the manitarian situation in the Central African mediately notified of the Senate’s ac- human rights situation; and strengthen the Republic; tion, and the Senate then return to leg- local judicial, police and correctional sys- (8) urges the President to utilize the re- islative session. tem’’; sources and leverage at the President’s dis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Whereas the December 22, 2006, report went posal to press for the immediate deployment objection, it is so ordered. on to recommend that the force also be man- of an advance United Nations mission to The nomination, considered and con- dated and equipped to deter attacks by eastern Chad and northern Central African armed groups and react preemptively to pro- Republic to lay the groundwork for a robust firmed, is as follows: tect civilians, including refugees and inter- multilateral and multidimensional presence; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE nally displaced persons, with rapid reaction (9) urges the United Nations Security James R. Clapper, Jr., of Virginia, to be capabilities; Council to authorize a multilateral and Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. Whereas on August 30, 2006, the United Na- multidimensional peacekeeping force to tions Security Council passed Security Coun- eastern Chad and northern Central African f cil Resolution 1706 (2006), authorizing a Republic with the mandate and means— multidimensional presence consisting of po- (A) to ensure effective protection of civil- LEGISLATIVE SESSION litical, humanitarian, military and civilian ians, particularly refugees. and internally The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- police liaison officers in key locations in displaced persons, including by preempting, ate will now return to legislative ses- Chad, including in the internally displaced preventing, and deterring attacks on civil- persons and refugee camps and, if necessary, ians; sion. in the Central African Republic; (B) to organize regular patrols along the f Whereas continuing hostilities will under- western border of Sudan and implement mine efforts to bring security to the Darfur practical protection measures for asylum ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, APRIL region of Sudan, dangerously destabilize seekers; 12, 2007 volatile political and humanitarian situa- (C) to maintain the civilian and humani- tions in Chad and the Central African Repub- tarian nature of the internally displaced per- Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask lic, and potentially disrupt progress towards sons and refugee camps in Chad and facili- unanimous consent that upon conclu- peace in southern Sudan; tate the efforts of aid workers; sion of the vote on passage of S. 30 Whereas a December 2006 United Nations (D) to deter, monitor, investigate, and re- today and the clearance of any items assessment mission report outlined possibili- port attacks on humanitarian personnel and ties for a mission in Chad, including a force assets; by unanimous consent, the Senate large enough to monitor the border, deter at- (E) to provide around the clock physical stand adjourned until 9:30 a.m., Thurs- tacks, and provide civilian protection; security in the camps and surrounding areas, day, April 12; that on Thursday, fol- Whereas the United Nations Security including organized patrols to guarantee lowing the prayer and the pledge, the Council has requested proposals for a United freedom of movement to all civilians and hu- Journal of proceedings be approved to Nations force in Chad and the Central Afri- manitarian workers; date, the morning hour be deemed to (F) to coordinate and share information can Republic to help protect and provide hu- have expired, and the time for the two manitarian assistance to tens of thousands with humanitarian organizations, actively of civilians affected by the conflict that preserve unhindered humanitarian access to leaders be reserved for their use later began in Darfur; and all displaced persons, and ensure the safety in the day; that there then be a period Whereas a technical assessment mission of all humanitarian workers in accordance of morning business for 60 minutes, was dispatched in January 2007 toward that with international humanitarian law; with Senators permitted to speak end: Now, therefore, be it (G) to collect and report evidence of human therein for up to 10 minutes each, with Resolved, That the Senate— rights violations and perpetrators to the the first 30 minutes controlled by the (1) expresses concern for the more than United Nations on a timely and regular 1,000,000 citizens of Sudan, Chad, and the basis; and majority leader or his designee and the Central African Republic who have been ad- (H) to support domestic and multilateral last 30 minutes controlled by the Re- versely affected by this interrelated violence initiatives to strengthen local judicial, po- publican leader or his designee; that at and instability; lice, and correctional systems in Chad; and the close of morning business, the Sen- (2) calls upon the Governments of Chad and (10) urges the President and the inter- ate resume the motion to proceed to S. Sudan— national community to coordinate efforts to 372 and vote on the motion to invoke (A) to reaffirm their commitment to the make available sufficient resources in sup- Tripoli Declaration of February 8, 2006, and port of this multilateral and multidimen- cloture on the motion to proceed. the N’Djamena Agreement of July 26, 2006; sional mission, as well as adequate assist- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (B) to refrain from any actions that violate ance to meet the continuing humanitarian objection, it is so ordered. these agreements; and and security needs of the individuals and (C) to cease all logistical, financial, and f areas most affected by this conflict. military support to each others’ insurgent groups; f HOPE OFFERED THROUGH PRIN- (3) urges the Government of Chad to im- EXECUTIVE SESSION CIPLED AND ETHICAL STEM prove accountability and transparency as CELL RESEARCH ACT—Continued well as the provision of basic services to re- deem the legitimacy of the Government in NOMINATION DISCHARGED The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Re- the eyes of its citizens; Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I ask publican leader. (4) urges the Government of Chad to take Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, the unanimous consent that the Senate action to increase political participation and issue of stem cell research, when those proceed to executive session; that the to strengthen democratic institutions to en- stem cells are derived from human em- Homeland Security Committee be dis- sure that all segments of society in Chad can bryos, is one of the most profound of participate in and benefit from a trans- charged from further consideration of our time. Confronting this issue means parent, open, and capable government; PN–288, the nomination of Claude M. confronting a dilemma, one I am sure (5) urges the Government of Chad, the Gov- Kicklighter to be Inspector General for ernment of Sudan, and other key regional every one of my colleagues has grap- the Department of Defense, and that and international stakeholders to commit to pled with as much as I have. another round of inclusive political negotia- the nomination be placed on the cal- On the one hand, many scientists be- tions that can bring lasting peace and sta- endar. lieve that research using stem cells The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without bility to the region; holds the promise of one day curing (6) urges the Government of the Central objection, the nomination will be diseases. But we must also remember African Republic— placed on the calendar. (A) to engage in constructive and inclusive that the embryos from which these dialogue with rebels in the northwestern re- f stem cells are derived are human life. gion of the country; NOMINATION OF JAMES CLAPPER Extracting the stem cells destroys the (B) to hold accountable security forces en- TO BE UNDER SECRETARY OF embryo and ends that life’s possibility. gaging in human rights violations; and DEFENSE (C) to strengthen government services in The moral boundaries this research order to meet the needs of affected popu- Mr. HARKIN. Finally, I ask unani- crosses is greatly troubling to me, and lations; mous consent that the Senate proceed to many others.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4387 But what is too often missing from heroic efforts of my mother. She was The PRESIDING OFFICER. There is this important debate is a simple fact not a doctor or a nurse, but she fought 7 minutes 35 seconds remaining. of modern science: Encouraging med- as hard as she knew how to save her Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I ical research and protecting the sanc- only son from being trapped forever in yield the remaining time on this side tity of life are not mutually exclusive a leg brace. to the Senator from Georgia. goals. For 2 years, my mother put me The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I have always believed that bio- through a physical therapy regimen ator from Georgia. medical research must be conducted in taught to her by the doctors at Roo- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I thank an ethical manner that respects human sevelt Warm Springs Institute for Re- the leader for his support and particu- life. Now I am pleased to report that habilitation, which was, of course, larly Meg Hauck who has been of im- new scientific research tells us that founded by President Roosevelt. That mense value to us throughout the en- view is more possible than ever. was over in Warm Springs, GA. From tire process of this deliberation. This promising new research points age 2 to 4, I was not allowed to walk or I thank majority leader HARRY REID the way out of the moral dilemma that to run. and his staff on the floor for the equi- embryonic stem cell research has al- But after 2 years of my mother’s table and fair way in which they allo- ways thrust us in. care, I was able to have a normal life. cated time in support of this debate. I thank Tyler Thompson on my staff, Alternative methods for research and A lot of kids at that time in the 1940s Chris Carr, Joan Kirchner, and a the potential for cures are often sim- were not so lucky. Some were para- former member of my staff who retired pler and more efficient and don’t re- lyzed for life. Some were sentenced to but started this journey with me some quire the destruction of life. an iron lung. Many died. time ago, Brittany Espy; also, Dr. Ste- They have scientific advantages over So believe me, Mr. President, when I ven Stice at the University of Georgia, the older method as well. That means say I understand the urgency to find whom I have quoted many times on that everybody who wants to find a cures for the afflictions that are to- this floor in the course of the last 20 cure for any of man’s most devastating day’s polio. I remember when the pray- hours of debate, but a scientist like diseases, and find it fast, should sup- ers of my mother and mothers across many in America who seeks to find port this form of research whole- the country were answered when Dr. cures for diseases not yet cured, who heartedly and enthusiastically. Jonas Salk developed his polio vaccine understands the potential, the With our votes, this Senate can ad- in 1955. To prove the new vaccine was vibrance, and the hope of embryonic vance this promising research through safe, Dr. Salk administered it to him- stem cell research and found ways to the power of Federal funds, and we can self, his wife, and their three children. As he did so, he was asked how he develop those embryonic stem cells happily provide those funds without that are compatible with the directive fear of offending the principles of mil- could dare his and his family’s lives on his new treatment. He replied: of the President of 5 years ago but offer lions of Americans. new, expanded hope and reality for re- I thank my good friend from Min- It is courage based on confidence, not daring—and it is confidence based on experi- search in the future. nesota, Senator COLEMAN, and my good ence. I particularly pay a compliment to friend from Georgia, Senator ISAKSON, Dr. Salk’s wisdom ought to guide us Senator HARKIN who has been the floor for sponsoring this bill and giving the today. The daring path is the one that manager on S. 5 throughout this de- Senate this opportunity. I also com- asks us to destroy a life for the possi- bate. He has been very cooperative in mend Senator SPECTER and Senator bility that we might save another. If every way in allowing us to share our BROWNBACK who have led the debate on we go down that route, we are daring thoughts on two distinct bills, S. 5 and the competing measure upon which we to ruin America’s long and proud S. 30. will also be voting shortly. record of upholding the highest moral I want to quote Senator GORDON The Coleman-Isakson bill, S. 30, the and ethical standards as we seek out SMITH. Senator SMITH, in his speech, HOPE Act, is a solution Senators from new solutions, new cures, and new said these bills should not be looked at both parties can embrace and a solu- hopes. as competitors but as companions. I tion that the President will sign into Then there is the path of con- agree with that statement because law. fidence—the confidence that, thanks to they seek to accomplish the same We should leave behind the heated new technologies and new methods of thing, although they travel down a debates of the past, pitting the hope for research, scientists can explore the highway that differs slightly. a cure to end human suffering against promise of embryonic stem cell re- The minority leader has accurately the need to protect life at all its search without destroying the human expressed the hopes and dreams and as- stages, including its earliest. embryo. pirations of all Americans, and that is Last year, a minority of Members in Like Dr. Salk’s, this confidence is based on for us to be a catalyst at the Federal the other body voted to block legisla- experience—the experience of America’s best level, to ensure that breakthroughs in tion promoting newer methods of re- scientists who are pursuing these new meth- health, in medicine, and in science search, such as the methods this bill ods of research. take place, and that we are never a will support. I don’t understand that. The next Dr. Jonas Salk is out there. hindrance or obstacle to that taking The only explanation would be that Providing the money for these methods place, while at the same time respect- they value the political clash and de- of research through this bill is how this ing concerns of all Americans as we go bate more than finding common Senate can help. down that path. ground—and more than the hope this I am a believer in the power of Senator COLEMAN of Minnesota has research can bring. science and technology to improve peo- been a tremendous leader in this effort But this Senate can and should move ple’s lives. I saw it firsthand as a young and has brought many of the portions forward united on the HOPE Act, and I boy. of S. 30 to reality through his research, urge my colleagues to support it. Like all of my colleagues, I have through his dedication, and through I want to stress to everyone just how great hope for the cures that we will his compassion. As he said so often, he much the possibility of finding cures one day find. The Coleman-Isakson bill and Senator HARKIN and myself under- for these life-altering diseases means is something Senators of both parties stand we can do better, we can do to me personally. I have known what it can support. I hope that they will. Mil- more, we can reach out, and we can do is like to feel the shadow of a debili- lions of Americans with loved ones in so without crossing those lines that tating disease draped over one’s life. As need hope that they will. And I look cause us trouble or may become an ob- a child, I suffered from polio. forward to the successful passage of stacle to further research. When I was 2 years old, I came down this bill so America’s dominance in So I conclude my remarks by thank- with an infection that felt a lot like medicine and medical technology can ing my colleagues in the Senate for the flu. But after the fever passed, my continue to move forward. their patience and their listening over left leg had gone lame. Mr. President, I yield the floor. the last 20 hours. My sincere apprecia- The only reason I am able to stand How much time is remaining on this tion to Senator HARKIN for his coopera- here today unaided is because of the side? tion, my praise for Senator COLEMAN

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 and his contribution, and my hope and The plight and suffering of these ing medical breakthroughs and hope for mil- belief that Members of the Senate will friends and neighbors pains my heart. lions of patients and their loved ones. look favorably on S. 30 so we can move But sadly, their stories are far from Even President Bush’s own Director science forward in the research of em- unique. Mr. President, 100 million of the National Institutes of Health, bryonic stem cells and the hope and Americans suffer just like them. Those Dr. Elias Zerhouni, endorsed the need promise they bring to all Americans. who suffer are parents, are children, to pursue embryonic stem cell research I yield back the remainder of the are friends, are our neighbors. They in addition to alternative forms of re- time. know that stem cell research is not a search. At a Senate hearing a few The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- guarantee or imaginable, but they weeks ago he said: jority leader. know it holds promise, they know it It’s not possible for me to see how we can Mr. REID. Mr. President, I have risen holds hope, real hope, yes, scientific continue the momentum of science and re- many times over the past years in sup- hope. They know it because the world’s search with the stem cell lines we have at NIH. . . . [F]rom my standpoint as NIH di- port of the legislation that is now be- leading experts tell us so. fore this body, legislation that will rector, it is in the best interests of our sci- In a letter to President Bush, 80 entists, our science, and our country that we unlock the hope of stem cell research Nobel laureates wrote: find ways and the nation finds a way to go for millions of Americans and tens of . . . for disorders that prove not to be full-speed across adult and embryonic stem thousands of Nevadans who suffer from treatable with adult stem cells, impeding cells equally. cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, Parkin- human pluripotent stem cell research risks Americans, by a huge majority, favor son’s, spinal cord injuries, heart dis- unnecessary delay for millions of patients stem cell research because they see the who may die or endure needless suffering ease, Lou Gehrig’s disease, and many suffering of their own friends and rel- other diseases. while the effectiveness of adult stem cells is evaluated. atives and neighbors, similar to those Initially, I extend my appreciation to This is a statement from 80 Nobel described in my introduction today. Senator HARKIN. Others worked hard Prize winners. They hear the opinions of experts simi- on this legislation. Senator KENNEDY According to the National Academies lar to those I just mentioned and they and Senator FEINSTEIN have done a of Science, research on both embryonic put their faith in science. wonderful job, but Senator HARKIN, and adult stem cells is needed ‘‘to most Californians, by ballot, voted, they from his position as the chair and/or effectively advance the scientific and agreed to spend billions of their own ranking member of the labor sub- therapeutic potential of regenerative State Treasury on stem cell research, committee on appropriations, has medicine.’’ thus challenging the obstinacy of worked with Senator SPECTER—back In a letter dated a few days ago, President Bush. and forth, the two of them have worked April 9, Dr. Harold Varmus, former Di- Congress has supported this impor- to come up with stem cell legislation. rector of the National Institutes of tant cause already. Two years ago the Senator HARKIN has been a pioneer Health and now the President of Memo- House of Representatives passed some- and a leader in this cause. I admire and rial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and thing called H.R. 810, the Stem Cell Re- respect him for a lot of what he has also a Nobel laureate wrote: search Enhancement Act, with bipar- done as a longtime Member of the Sen- S. 5 represents an important step forward tisan support. Last year the Senate fol- ate, but I know I have more respect for for human embryonic stem cell research, a lowed suit, as Republicans and Demo- him for what he has done on this legis- new field that offers great promise for the re- crats united to pass a bill that will ex- lation. placement of damaged cells, the under- pand the number of stem cell lines He has a tremendously good staff: standing of the mechanics of disease, and the available to federally funded research- Erik Fatemi, Ellen Murray, and Adrian development of the testing of new drugs. Un- ers, while ensuring that strict ethical Hatlett. They have done good work. fortunately, current Federal policy, in place guidelines are followed. I have to throw a bouquet to my since 2001, has not kept pace with the speed Yet when we sent this bipartisan bill longtime, very important legislative of scientific discovery and is today of limited value to the scientific community. to President Bush’s desk, he responded advocate whom I have working for me, with a veto—his only veto in 6 years, A man whom I have met, Dr. Jeffery Carolyn Gluck. She has worked very taking away the hope for millions. hard on this issue. I appreciate her Bluestone, a leading diabetes re- Today, as hundreds of millions of hard work. searcher and director of the Diabetes Americans wait for progress, our sci- I have spoken in the past about a Center at the University of California, entists, our innovators are marking man I met who is in a wheelchair in San Francisco, said: time, waiting for President Bush to Boulder City, NE. This man suffers We have made great strides in under- keep hope alive. The wishes of the from Parkinson’s. I asked him why he standing the role of the immune system in diabetes, but fully pursuing both embryonic American people and the overwhelming was in his wheelchair. He told me. and adult stem cell research will build on weight of evidence, scientific evidence, After this legislation was vetoed by our current successes and could be critical in should trump the narrow ideology of President Bush, he felt so bad because the ultimate treatment and cure of patients President George Bush. he believes with this legislation he will who suffer from this disease. Yesterday and today we debated S. 5, be able to walk again and not be con- I have spoken to him personally, and the Stem Cell Research Enhancement fined to that wheelchair. he has said we are going to cure, in the Act, a bill that is similar to the one I have spoken of an 18-year-old twin next few years, diabetes. They need both the House and Senate passed last from Las Vegas. She came to Wash- this ability to go forward. year with strong bipartisan support. ington for the first time when she was The other day I received a letter The House passed it again this year. S. a little girl. She has suffered from ju- signed by more than 500 leading organi- 5 authorizes federally funded research venile diabetes for most of her life. She zations from all around the country. It on stem cell lines derived from excess has had tens of thousands of needle crossed the political spectrum. It in- embryos from fertility clinics, embryos pricks over these years—tens of thou- cludes the AARP, the American Med- that would otherwise be discarded—dis- sands. But this 18-year-old girl still re- ical Association, Novartis Pharma- carded, thrown away, trashed. These mains optimistic because of this legis- ceuticals, the Mayo Clinic, the Epis- potentially discarded embryos could lation—optimistic for a healthy adult- copal Church, Iraq Veterans for a Cure, and should be used to advance life- hood. Not only does she feel that way the American Diabetes Association, saving research. but her twin sister feels the same way. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Cen- At the same time, our bill acknowl- I have spoken of a 23-year-old man ter, Harvard University, and the Par- edges the important ethical issues at from Henderson who just weeks after kinson’s Action Network—to name 11 stake and enacts stronger research his high school graduation was in a car of 500 organizations. guidelines than exist in the President’s accident which left him a quadriplegic They spoke with one voice in support current policy. Because we believe that and whose mother wrote to me a plain- of S. 5, writing: all forms of promising research should tive letter hoping, praying because of The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act move forward, S. 5 includes a provision this legislation her son one day will will move stem cell research forward in our that supports the advancement of al- lead a more normal life. country. The bill holds promise for expand- ternative forms of stem cell research

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4389 based on the Santorum-Specter bill The yeas and nays have been ordered. any research conducted or supported by the that passed the Senate unanimously The clerk will call the roll. Secretary if the cells meet each of the fol- last year. The legislative clerk called the roll. lowing: Tonight the Senate will also consider Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the ‘‘(1) The stem cells were derived from human embryos that have been donated from another measure sponsored by Sen- Senator from Connecticut (Mr. DODD), in vitro fertilization clinics, were created for ators Coleman and Isakson. Similar to the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. the purposes of fertility treatment, and were our bill, theirs would promote research JOHNSON), and the Senator from in excess of the clinical need of the individ- in alternative methods for deriving Louisana (Ms. LANDRIEU) are nec- uals seeking such treatment. stem cells, some say. However, unlike essarily absent. ‘‘(2) Prior to the consideration of embryo our bill, this bill would retain the I further announce that, if present donation and through consultation with the President’s restrictions on stem cell re- and voting, the Senator from Louisana individuals seeking fertility treatment, it was determined that the embryos would search. The legislation is, in my opin- (Ms. LANDRIEU) would vote ‘‘yea.’’ never be implanted in a woman and would ion, more political than substantive, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. otherwise be discarded. more political than scientific. The CANTWELL). Are there any other Sen- ‘‘(3) The individuals seeking fertility treat- Coleman-Isakson bill is not a sub- ators in the Chamber desiring to vote? ment donated the embryos with written institute for S. 5. The result was announced—yeas 63, formed consent and without receiving any fi- I know some of my colleagues will nays 34, as follows: nancial or other inducements to make the disagree. I am not going to vote for it. [Rollcall Vote No. 127 Leg.] donation. I think S. 30 is a cover vote, and I am ‘‘(c) GUIDELINES.—Not later than 60 days YEAS—63 after the date of the enactment of this sec- not going to provide any cover. S. 5 is Akaka Feinstein Murkowski tion, the Secretary, in consultation with the the only bill being discussed that will Alexander Gregg Murray Director of NIH, shall issue final guidelines lift the restrictions that are impeding Baucus Harkin Nelson (FL) to carry out this section. Bayh Hatch Obama ‘‘(d) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—The Sec- scientific research and can lead to new Bennett Hutchison Pryor treatments and cures of many dread Biden Inouye Reed retary shall annually prepare and submit to conditions and diseases. For the 100 Bingaman Kennedy Reid the appropriate committees of the Congress million Americans who suffer from dis- Boxer Kerry Rockefeller a report describing the activities carried out Brown Klobuchar Salazar under this section during the preceding fiscal eases that could be treated as a result Burr Kohl Sanders year, and including a description of whether of stem cell research, there is simply Byrd Lautenberg Schumer and to what extent research under sub- no alternative to S. 5. Cantwell Leahy Smith section (a) has been conducted in accordance By supporting the Stem Cell Re- Cardin Levin Snowe Carper Lieberman Specter with this section.’’. search Enhancement Act, we are re- Clinton Lincoln Stabenow SEC. 3. ALTERNATIVE HUMAN PLURIPOTENT newing our faith in society’s steady Cochran Lott Stevens STEM CELL RESEARCH. march forward. Whether expanding our Collins Lugar Tester Part H of title IV of the Public Health frontiers, putting a man on the Moon, Conrad McCain Warner Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284 et seq.), as amend- Dorgan McCaskill Webb ed by section 2, is further amended by insert- or mapping the human genome, Amer- Durbin Menendez Whitehouse ing after section 498D the following: Feingold Mikulski Wyden ica has always embraced great sci- ‘‘SEC. 498E. ALTERNATIVE HUMAN PLURIPOTENT entific challenges that hold even great- NAYS—34 STEM CELL RESEARCH. er promise. It is who we are and it is a Allard DeMint McConnell ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In accordance with sec- commitment to the American people Bond Dole Nelson (NE) tion 492, the Secretary shall conduct and that we must honor. Brownback Domenici Roberts support basic and applied research to develop Jonas Salk, a great American sci- Bunning Ensign Sessions techniques for the isolation, derivation, pro- Casey Enzi duction, or testing of stem cells that, like entist who moved science forward re- Shelby Chambliss Graham Sununu embryonic stem cells, are capable of pro- garding the dread polio or, as they Coburn Grassley Thomas ducing all or almost all of the cell types of called it, infantile paralysis, when he Coleman Hagel Thune Corker Inhofe the developing body and may result in im- Vitter invented the vaccine, once said, ‘‘Our Cornyn Isakson proved understanding of or treatments for Voinovich greatest responsibility is to be good an- Craig Kyl diseases and other adverse health conditions, cestors.’’ Crapo Martinez but are not derived from a human embryo. ‘‘(b) GUIDELINES.—Not later than 90 days If we give our scientists the tools to NOT VOTING—3 succeed and give hope to the millions after the date of the enactment of this sec- Dodd Johnson Landrieu tion, the Secretary, after consultation with who suffer, we will be doing just that, the Director, shall issue final guidelines to good ancestors. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas are 63; the nays are 34. Under the pre- implement subsection (a), that— I yield any time I have. ‘‘(1) provide guidance concerning the next Have the yeas and nays been ordered? vious order of March 29, 2007, requiring steps required for additional research, which The PRESIDING OFFICER. They 60 votes for passage of this bill, the bill shall include a determination of the extent have not. is passed. to which specific techniques may require ad- Mr. REID. I ask for the yeas and The bill (S. 5) was passed, as follows: ditional basic or animal research to ensure nays. S. 5 that any research involving human cells The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- using these techniques would clearly be consistent with the standards established under sufficient second? There is a sufficient resentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, this section; second. ‘‘(2) prioritize research with the greatest The yeas and nays were ordered. SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. potential for near-term clinical benefit; and Mr. REID. Also, before the Chair en- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Stem Cell ‘‘(3) consistent with subsection (a), take ters an order, I ask for the yeas and Research Enhancement Act of 2007’’. into account techniques outlined by the nays on the second vote that we have SEC. 2. HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RE- President’s Council on Bioethics and any SEARCH. other appropriate techniques and research. this evening. Part H of title IV of the Public Health The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a ‘‘(c) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Not later Service Act (42 U.S.C. 289 et seq.) is amended than January 1 of each year, the Secretary sufficient second? There is a sufficient by inserting after section 498C the following: shall prepare and submit to the appropriate second. ‘‘SEC. 498D. HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RE- committees of the Congress a report describ- The yeas and nays were ordered. SEARCH. ing the activities carried out under this sec- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any tion during the fiscal year, including a de- the previous order, the two bills will be other provision of law (including any regula- scription of the research conducted under read for the third time, en bloc. tion or guidance), the Secretary shall con- this section. The bills (S. 5 and S. 30) were ordered duct and support research that utilizes ‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in to be engrossed for a third reading and human embryonic stem cells in accordance this section shall be construed to affect any with this section (regardless of the date on policy, guideline, or regulation regarding were read the third time, en bloc. which the stem cells were derived from a embryonic stem cell research, human The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill human embryo) . cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer, or (S. 5) having been read the third time, ‘‘(b) ETHICAL REQUIREMENTS.—Human em- any other research not specifically author- the question is, Shall the bill pass? bryonic stem cells shall be eligible for use in ized by this section.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4390 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 ‘‘(e) DEFINITION.— have been ordered. The clerk will call ‘‘SEC. 498D. HUMAN PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In this section, the term the roll. RESEARCH. ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall con- ‘human embryo’ shall have the meaning The assistant legislative clerk called given such term in the applicable appropria- duct and support basic and applied research tions Act. the roll. to develop techniques for the isolation, deri- ‘‘(2) APPLICABLE ACT.—For purposes of Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the vation, production, or testing of stem cells, paragraph (1), the term ‘applicable appro- Senator from Connecticut (Mr. DODD) including pluripotent stem cells that have priations Act’ means, with respect to the fis- and the Senator from South Dakota the flexibility of embryonic stem cells cal year in which research is to be conducted (Mr. JOHNSON) are necessarily absent. (whether or not they have an embryonic or supported under this section, the Act source), that may result in improved under- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there standing of or treatments for diseases and making appropriations for the Department any other Senators in the Chamber de- of Health and Human Services for such fiscal other adverse health conditions, provided year, except that if the Act for such fiscal siring to vote? that the isolation, derivation, production, or year does not contain the term referred to in The result was announced—yeas 70, testing of such cells will not involve— paragraph (1), the Act for the previous fiscal nays 28, as follows: ‘‘(1) the creation of a human embryo or year shall be deemed to be the applicable ap- [Rollcall Vote No. 128 Leg.] embryos for research purposes; or propriations Act. ‘‘(2) the destruction or discarding of, or YEAS—70 ‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— risk of injury to, a human embryo or em- There is authorized to be appropriated such Akaka Dole McCaskill bryos other than those that are naturally sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal Alexander Domenici McConnell dead. years 2008 through 2010, to carry out this sec- Allard Dorgan Murkowski ‘‘(b) GUIDELINES.—Not later than 90 days Bennett Ensign tion.’’. Nelson (NE) after the date of the enactment of this sec- Biden Enzi Pryor tion, the Secretary, after consultation with Mr. MCCONNELL. I move to recon- Bond Graham Reed Brown Grassley the Director of NIH, shall issue final guide- sider the vote and to lay that motion Roberts lines that— Brownback Gregg Salazar on the table. Bunning Hagel ‘‘(1) provide guidance concerning the next Sessions Burr Harkin steps required for additional research, which The motion to lay on the table was Shelby agreed to. Byrd Hatch shall include a determination of the extent Carper Hutchison Smith The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Snowe to which specific techniques may require ad- Casey Inhofe ditional animal research to ensure that any question is on the passage of S. 30. Chambliss Isakson Specter research involving human cells using these Under the previous order, there will be Coburn Kennedy Stevens techniques would clearly be consistent with two minutes evenly divided before the Cochran Kerry Sununu Coleman Klobuchar Thomas the standards established under subsection vote. Who yields time? Collins Kyl Thune (a); The Senator from Minnesota is rec- Conrad Landrieu Vitter ‘‘(2) prioritize research with the greatest ognized. Corker Leahy Voinovich potential for near-term clinical benefit; Cornyn Lott Warner ‘‘(3) consistent with standards established Mr. COLEMAN. Madam President, I Craig Lugar Webb under subsection (a), take into account tech- rise in favor of S. 30. Last year the Sen- Crapo Martinez Whitehouse ate passed a similar measure, Specter- DeMint McCain niques outlined by the President’s Council Santorum, 100 to nothing. The reality on Bioethics and any other appropriate tech- NAYS—28 niques and research; and is that S. 30 goes beyond what Specter- Baucus Inouye Obama ‘‘(4) in the case of research involving stem Santorum did. When the dust settles Bayh Kohl Reid cells from a naturally dead embryo, require and S. 5 is vetoed, the only real oppor- Bingaman Lautenberg Rockefeller assurances from grant applicants that no al- tunity to expand pluripotent embry- Boxer Levin Sanders teration of the timing, methods, or proce- onic stem cell research is through S. Cantwell Lieberman Schumer dures used to create, maintain, or intervene Cardin Lincoln Stabenow 30. I ask my colleagues to please put Clinton Menendez in the development of a human embryo was Tester made solely for the purpose of deriving the politics aside and to do the right thing. Durbin Mikulski Wyden I plead with my colleagues, on behalf Feingold Murray stem cells. Feinstein Nelson (FL) ‘‘(c) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Not later of all of those who have looked to us than January 1 of each year, the Secretary and asked for hope to move the science NOT VOTING—2 shall prepare and submit to the appropriate of stem cell research forward in a way Dodd Johnson committees of the Congress a report describ- that does not divide but unifies, do The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this ing the activities carried out under this sec- what we did last year, 100 to nothing, vote, the yeas are 70; the nays are 28. tion during the fiscal year, including a description of the research conducted under keep hope alive, vote in favor of S. 30. Under the order of March 29, 2007, re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- this section. quiring 60 votes for the passage of this ‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in ator from Iowa. bill, the bill is passed. this section shall be construed as altering Mr. HARKIN. Madam President, the The bill (S. 30) was passed, as follows: the policy in effect on the date of enactment bill we just passed, S. 5, does every- of this section regarding the eligibility of S. 30 thing that S. 30 does. That was already stem cell lines for funding by the National said in the debate the other day. S. 5 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- Institutes of Health. has already passed by an overwhelming resentatives of the United States of America in ‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— vote. Everything that S. 5 does is in S. Congress assembled, There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this 30. So the next vote really doesn’t SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Hope Offered section. make any difference one way or the ‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: other, because by passing S. 5, we allow through Principled and Ethical Stem Cell Research Act’’ or the ‘‘HOPE Act’’. ‘‘(1) NATURALLY DEAD.—The term ‘natu- to be done what is done in S. 30. rally dead’ means having naturally and irre- Secondly, I have always taken the SEC. 2. PURPOSES. versibly lost the capacity for integrated cel- position that we should not tell sci- It is the purpose of this Act to— lular division, growth, and differentiation (1) intensify research that may result in that is characteristic of an organism, even if entists what to do and what not to do improved understanding of or treatments for within the ethical guidelines we have some cells of the former organism may be diseases and other adverse health conditions; alive in a disorganized state. established. What S. 30 says is: Go and ‘‘(2) HUMAN EMBRYO OR EMBRYOS.—The ahead and investigate. I don’t know if (2) promote the derivation of pluripotent term ‘human embryo or embryos’ includes using so-called dead embryos and ex- stem cell lines without the creation of any organism, not protected as a human sub- tracting stem cells will work. I am not human embryos for research purposes and ject under part 46 of title 45, Code of Federal a scientist. But I don’t want to hand- without the destruction or discarding of, or Regulations, as of the date of enactment of cuff the scientists and tell them they risk of injury to, a human embryo or em- this section, that is derived by fertilization, bryos other than those that are naturally parthenogenesis, cloning, or any other can’t research it. As far as I am con- dead. cerned, a vote for S. 30 is saying again means from one or more human gametes or SEC. 3. HUMAN PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL RE- human diploid cells. what we committed to do in S. 5. SEARCH. ‘‘(3) RISK OF INJURY.—The term ‘risk of in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time Part H of title IV of the Public Health jury’ means subjecting a human embryo or has expired. The question is now on the Service Act (42 U.S.C. 289 et seq.) is amended embryos to risk of injury or death greater passage of S. 30. The yeas and nays by inserting after section 498C the following: than that allowed for research on fetuses in

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4391 utero under section 46.204(b) of title 45, Code The preamble was agreed to. ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9:30 A.M. of Federal Regulations, and section 498(b) of TOMORROW this Act.’’. The resolution, with its preamble, SEC. 4. NATIONAL AMNIOTIC AND PLACENTAL reads as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under STEM CELL BANK. the previous order, the Senate stands S. RES. 142 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Health adjourned until tomorrow at 9:30 a.m. and Human Services shall enter into a con- Whereas April 15, 2007, marks the inter- Thereupon, the Senate, at 6:42 p.m., national observance of Yom Hashoah, Holo- tract with the Institute of Medicine for the adjourned until Thursday, April 12, conduct of a study to recommend an optimal caust Memorial Day, a day to remember and structure for an amniotic and placental stem mourn the millions who died during the Hol- 2007, at 9:30 a.m. cell bank program and to address pertinent ocaust of World War II; issues to maximize the potential of such Whereas thousands of Holocaust survivors, f technology, including collection, storage, historians, and researchers are being denied standards setting, information sharing, dis- access to files, located at Bad Arolsen, Ger- NOMINATIONS tribution, reimbursement, research, and out- many, that tell the story of unspeakable Executive nominations received by come measures. In conducting such study, crimes committed by the Nazis; the Institute should receive input from rel- Whereas the Bad Arolsen archives contain the Senate April 11, 2007: evant experts including the existing opera- 30,000,000 to 50,000,000 pages of documents DEPARTMENT OF STATE tors of federal tissue bank programs and the that record the individual fates of over PETER MICHAEL MCKINLEY, OF VIRGINIA, A CAREER biomedical research programs within the De- 17,000,000 victims of Nazi persecution; MEMBER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF partment of Defense. Whereas the Bad Arolsen archives are ad- MINISTER-COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAOR- (b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after DINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES the date of enactment of this Act, the Insti- ministered by the International Tracing OF AMERICA TO THE REPUBLIC OF PERU. tute of Medicine shall complete the study Service, which in turn is supervised by an DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS international commission composed of 11 under subsection (a) and submit to the Sec- CHARLES L. HOPKINS, OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO BE AN retary of Health and Human Services and the member countries established by the Agree- ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (OPER- ment Constituting an International Commis- ATIONS, PREPAREDNESS, SECURITY AND LAW ENFORCE- appropriate committees of Congress a report MENT). (NEW POSITION) on the results of such study. sion for the International Tracing Service, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Mr. COLEMAN. I move to reconsider signed at Bonn June 6, 1955 (6 UST 6186) (commonly known as the ‘‘Bonn Accords’’); THE FOLLOWING CANDIDATES FOR PERSONNEL AC- the vote. TION IN THE REGULAR COMPONENT OF THE PUBLIC Mr. BROWNBACK. I move to lay that Whereas the member countries of the International Commission are the United HEALTH SERVICE SUBJECT TO QUALIFICATIONS THERE- motion on the table. FORE AS PROVIDED BY LAW AND REGULATIONS: States, Israel, Belgium, France, Germany, The motion to lay on the table was To be medical director Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, agreed to. Poland, and the United Kingdom; ARTURO H. CASTRO The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ROBERT F. CHESBRO, JR. Whereas, in May 2006, after years of delay, ator from Louisiana. ISABELLA A. DANEL the member countries of the International AURELIO GALATI VOTE EXPLANATION EVE M. LACKRITZ Commission commendably agreed to amend MARY L. LINDEGREN Ms. LANDRIEU. Madam President, I the Bonn Accords to make the Bad Arolsen BORIS D. LUSHNIAK want the record to reflect that I would archives public for the first time and agreed FRANK J. MAHONEY have voted ‘‘aye’’ on the previous vote BOYD W. MANGES to place digitized copies of the documents in ELAINE MILLER on S. 5 had I been able to be here. I was the archives at Holocaust research centers in JOHN S. MORAN traveling today for a funeral and was other countries, including the United States MANETTE T. MALACANE NIU STEPHEN J. RITH-NAJARIAN unable to get back. Subsequently, I Holocaust Memorial Museum; LAURENCE M. SLUTSKER voted ‘‘aye’’ on the bill that just Whereas the May 2006 amendments will be- DAVID L. SWERDLOW ROBERT P. WISE passed. But I would like the record to come effective only after each of the 11 mem- To be surgeon reflect that had I been able to make ber countries completes the ratification process; the first vote, I would have voted SCOTT F. DOWELL Whereas the United States, the United KIMBERLEY K. FOX ‘‘aye.’’ Kingdom, Israel, Poland, and the Nether- BROCKTON J. HEFFLIN HUMBERTO HERNANDEZ-APONTE f lands have completed the ratification proc- DANIEL B. JERNIGAN OBSERVING YOM HASHOAH, ess; and RONALD W. JOHNSON PETER H. KILMARX HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY Whereas opening the Bad Arolsen archives SHARON L. LUDWIG is an urgent matter: Now, therefore, be it MARK A. MILLER Ms. LANDRIEU. Madam President, I ABRAHAM G. MIRANDA ask unanimous consent that the For- Resolved, That the Senate— ABELARDO MONTALVO eign Relations Committee be dis- (1) joins people around the world in observ- CYNTHIA G. WHITNEY ing Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Memorial Day, STEVEN S. WOLF STEPHANIE ZAZA charged from further consideration of and mourning the millions who were lost S. Res. 142, and that the Senate then during the Holocaust; To be senior assistant surgeon proceed to its immediate consider- (2) commends the United States, the JENNIFER L. BETTS ation. United Kingdom, Israel, Poland, and the MATTHEW A. CLARK FELICIA L. COLLINS The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Netherlands, as the member countries of the SRIPARNA D. DATTA objection, it is so ordered. The clerk International Commission of the Inter- AL-KARIM A. DHANJI PHILIP T. FARABAUGH will report the resolution by title. national Tracing Service that have com- DANIEL R. FEIKIN The legislative clerk read as follows: pleted the ratification of the May 2006 COY B. FULLEN A resolution (S. Res. 142) observing Yom amendments to the Agreement Constituting BRUCE W. FURNESS MELISSA A. GREENWALD Hashoah, Holocaust Memorial Day, and call- an International Commission for the Inter- SHANNON L. HADER ing on the remaining member countries of national Tracing Service, signed at Bonn RICHARD S. HARRIS the International Commission of the Inter- June 6, 1955 (6 UST 6186) (commonly known NARAYAN NAIR MICHALE D. RATZLAFF national Tracing Service to ratify the May as the ‘‘Bonn Accords’’); REBECCA L. WERNER 2006 amendments to the 1955 Bonn Accords (3) calls on Belgium, France, Germany, MITCHELL I. WOLFE immediately to allow open access to the Bad Greece, Italy, and Luxembourg, the member To be assistant surgeon Arolsen archives. countries of the International Commission ANTHONY M. DUNNIGAN There being no objection, the Senate that have not yet ratified the May 2006 TOBE M. PROPST amendments to the Bonn Accords, to do so proceeded to consider the resolution. To be dental director Ms. LANDRIEU. Madam President, I immediately; (4) calls on the International Commission RONALD E. BAJUSCAK ask unanimous consent that the reso- ROBERT A. CABANAS lution be agreed to, the preamble be to approve the immediate distribution of MICHAEL L. CAMPSMITH agreed to, the motions to reconsider be copies of the documents from the Bad TIMOTHY L. LOZON Arolsen archives that have already been NICHOLAS S. MAKRIDES laid upon the table, and that any state- DEAN A. MALLOY digitized when the International Commission DAVID M. MCCOLLOUGH ments relating thereto be printed in meets in Amsterdam in May 2007; and HIROFUMI NAKATSUCHI the RECORD, without further inter- (5) respectfully requests the Secretary of WILLIAM V. STENBERG vening action or debate. the Senate to transmit copies of this resolu- To be dental surgeon The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tion to the Secretary of State and to the am- THOMAS B. BREWER objection, it is so ordered. bassadors representing each of the member DAVID L. BRIZZEE LISA W. CAYOUS The resolution (S. Res. 142) was countries of the International Commission in MARK S. ELLIOTT agreed to. the United States. MARK R. FREESE

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 9801 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007

PAUL H. JOHNSON G. SHAY FOUT JEAN M. KELAHAN MICHAEL J. MINDIOLA DAVID HUSSONG KIRSTEN M. WARWAR DEBORAH PHILO-COSTELLO SHARON O. WILLIAMS-FLEETWOOD GRAYDON T. YATABE MARION E. ROOTS MILDRED M. WILLIAMS-JOHNSON To be senior assistant therapist DONALD L. ROSS To be scientist JAMES M. SCHAEFFER MARY BETH DORGAN WILNETTA A. SWEETING DRUE H. BARRETT LAURA M. GROGAN To be senior assistant dental surgeon RICKIE R. DAVIS RONALD R. WEST ANN M. MALARCHER KENNETH S. CHO CLEMENT J. WELSH To be health services director CIELO C. DOHERTY EPIFANIO ELIZONDO ROBERT T. DVORAK To be senior assistant scientist JEREMIAH P. KING DAVID C. FEIST CARMA S. AYALA RONALD L. FULLER DAPHNE B. MOFFETT To be health services officer STEVEN K. RAYES MEREDITH A. REYNOLDS TONI A. BLEDSOE KRISTIN SHAHAN SAREAULT ROBERT L. WILLIAMS ROBIN G. SCHEPER TRACI L. GALINSKY JOHN R. SMITH To be environmental health director DARLENE A. HARRIS ANTHONY VITALI BRIAN T. HUDSON VALARIE D. WILSON RICHARD W. DURRETT MALCOLM B. JOHNS BENJAMIN C. WOOTEN JAMES S. SPAHR GAY E. NORD To be environmental health officer CARMENCITA T. PALMA To be nurse director STEVEN A. SMITH FAY E. BAIER DANIEL ALMAGUER DOROTHY E. STEPHENS JANICE M. CARICO CLINT R. CHAMBERLIN To be senior assistant health services officer CLARA HENDERSON COBB NANCY J. COLLINS KIRK L. HOPINKA GARY J. GEFROH JULIE WOFFORD BLACK KITTY R. MACFARLANE GREGORY M. KINNES DEBORAH A. BOLING RUSS P. METLER JOHN P. LEFFEL MICHAEL A. CANDREVA CATHY J. WASEM KEVIN D. MEEKS BRIAN K. CULLIGAN To be nurse officer MICHAEL A. NOSKA LA CRUZ DAVID S. DE DORIS RAVENELL-BROWN JENNIFER S. GANNON GRACIE L. BUMPASS SARATH B. SENEVIRATNE BONNIE L. GRANT LAURA M. CHISHOLM L. J. DAVID WALLACE III ARNOLD L. HOWARD DANIEL W. CLINE BERRY F. WILLIAMS SCOTT A. MIDDLEKAUFF JEFFREY L. DERRY RONALD D. ZABROCKI GODWIN O. ODIA VERNA GADDY To be senior assistant environmental health RENEE S. ROBERSON JACINTO J. GARRIDO ELIZABETH A. SCOTT JOAN M. HARDING officer LISA D. STARNES COLLEEN A. HAYES CALVIN K. COOK To be assistant health services officer RICHARD G. HILLS VIVIAN GARCIA PATRICIA M. JACOBS BRIAN E. HROCH ALLYSON M. ALVARADO ROLDIE C. JONES KATHY S. SLAWSON CHERYL L. FAJARDO EVANGELINA A. MONTOYA DONALD B. WILLIAMS, JR. BETH ANNE HENSON PAUL J. MURTER III RYAN D. HILL JOYCE A. PRINCE To be veterinary director DAVID J. LUSCHE CLIFFORNIA J. ROLLE LESLIE L. ROYALL RONALD B. LANDY THE FOLLOWING CANDIDATES FOR PERSONNEL AC- JAMES E. SORENSON To be senior assistant veterinary officer TION IN THE REGULAR COMPONENT OF THE PUBLIC PAMELA JO SQUIRES HEALTH SERVICE SUBJECT TO QUALIFICATIONS THERE- TINA ALICE TAH JENNIFER H. MCQUISTON FORE AS PROVIDED BY LAW AND REGULATIONS: MARY T. VANLEUVEN FRANCES E. WALL To be pharmacist director To be medical director MARK S. WESSEL GARY W. BLAIR DAVID G. ADDISS ARNETTE M. WRIGHT MICHAEL E. MARCARELLI DAVID R. ARDAY To be senior assistant nurse officer JAMES P. STABLES WILLIAM B. BAINE MARK D. BONNELL DIANE M. AKER To be pharmacist LYNN A. BOSCO BONNIE J. ALLARD MICHAEL R. ALLEN ROBERT F. BREIMAN BELINDA E. BACON ROBERT A. ANDERSON RALPH T. BRYAN KELLY L. BARRY CHRISTINE E. CHAMBERLAIN GEOFFREY M. CALVERT KIMBERLY M. DEFFINBAUGH MICHAEL S. FORMAN RICHARD J. CALVERT GUADALUPE R. DEMSKE MICHELE F. GEMELAS DAVID B. CANTON IRENE H. DUSTIN JILL G. GEOGHEGAN ROBERT L. DANNER, JR. JUDY L. GLENN KAREN G. HIRSHFIELD SCOTT D. DEITCHMAN WILLIAM C. GUINN REBECCA J. LIDEL MARK E. DELOWERY DENNIS R. HAMMOND JOSEPHINE A. LYGHT MAURA K. DOLLYMORE JULIE D. KING WILLIAM B. MCLIVERTY LUIS G. ESCOBEDO CHAD W. KORATICH AMY L. MINNICK KAREN M. FARIZO KAREN L. KOSAR SHELLEY F. PAULSON STEVEN K. GALSON MOIRA G. MCGUIRE ANNIE L. REINER OLGA GRAJALES CAROLYN J. MCKEOWN PATRICIA F. RODGERS DAVID M. HARLAN ANTHONY E. MILLKAMP SHEILA E. VEIKUNE GEORGE H. HAYS, JR. MADELYN RENTERIA EARL D. WARD, JR. AUGUSTA E. HAYS CARMELITA SORRELMAN KELVIN N. WHITEHEAD CLARE HELMINIAK AMY O. TAYLOR DEBORAH F. YAPLEE PAUL J. HIGGINS To be assistant nurse officer NOREEN A. HYNES To be senior assistant pharmacist ROBERT H. JOHNSON MICHELLE E. BROWN-STEPHENSON JEFFREY L. JONES JAMES L. BRESETTE CHANNEL R. MANGUM MARY L. KAMB JAMES E. BRITTON, JR. HUNG P. PHAN WILLIAM J. KASSLER ROSALIND P. CHORAK SANDRA L. KWEDER To be engineer director RICHARD O. DECEDERFELT WILLIAM C. LEVINE GARY L. ELAM DONALD J. HUTSON JOSEPH MULINARE JENNIFER E. FAN ARTHUR M. ANDERSON PATRICK J. OCONNOR WALTER L. FAVA MITCHELL W. CONSTANT BRADLEY A. PERKINS PAUL E. HUNTZINGER ERIC L. CRUMP ROSSANNE M. PHILEN EUN S. JEON DANIELLE DEVONEY ROBERT E. QUICK III TENA L. JESSING MATTHEW N. DIXON GARY F. ROSENBERG MARIANN KOCSIS ROBERT J. DRUMMOND DAVID C. RUTSTEIN REY V. MARBELLO THOMAS J. HEINTZMAN MARCEL E. SALIVE ERIC M. MUELLER MICHAEL S. JENSEN ANNE SCHUCHAT LISA D. OLIVER LOUIS A. LIGHTNER, JR. DONALD J. SHARP LISA P. OLSON JIMMY P. MAGNUSON SAM S. SHEKAR ERIC J. POLCZYNSKI KEVIN B. MILNE DANIEL M. SOSIN LISA M. ROSE MARY C. MINER JORDAN W. TAPPERO KASSANDRA C. SHERROD KATHY M. PONELEIT JUDITH THIERRY GREGORY W. SMITH DANIEL D. REITZ WALTER W. WILLIAMS DEREK E. TESCHLER DAVID P. SHOULTZ DAWN L. WYLLIE STACEY A. THORNTON MARK R. THOMAS JACQUELINE H. WARE ANDREW J. ZAJAC To be senior surgeon CASSONDRA M. WHITE ANTHONY T. ZIMMER CHARLES H. BEYMER To be senior assistant engineer officer To be assistant pharmacist SUSAN BLANK KRISTEN L. MAVES MICHAEL J. BOQUARD MARK A. CALKINS ALICE Y. BOUDREAU JAMIE D. NATOUR To be dietitian director J RUSSELL BOWMAN DENMAN K. ONDELACY JOANNA BUFFINGTON EDITH M. CLARK JEFFREY S. REYNOLDS WILLIE CACHO HILDA F. SCHAREN-GUIVEL To be dietitian JOSEPH M. CHEN ERIC Y. SHIH PHILIP E. COYNE, JR. NATHAN C. TATUM JO ANN A. HOLLAND MARSHA G. DAVENPORT CHARLES H. WEIR DAVID M. NELSON HERMAN A. DOBBS III DANIEL H. WILLIAMS CONNIE Y. TORRENCE-THOMAS MICHAEL M. ENGELGAU To be scientist director To be senior assistant dietitian THOMAS W. HENNESSY MICHAEL F. IADEMARCO MARY E. BIRCH ALEXANDRA M. COSSI NEWTON E. KENDIG

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ALI S. KHAN RICK D. VACCARELLO DARYL L. ALLIS DENISE T. KOO WENDY S. ANTONOWSKY MARK N. LOBATO To be dental surgeon THOMAS C. ARMINIO VERNON A. MAAS TIMOTHY L. AMBROSE DANIEL J. ARONSON ERIC A. MANN RONALD C. COX KEVIN J. BARTLETT AUBREY K. MILLER BRYAN S. DAWSON TRACY A. BROWER JEFFREY B. NEMHAUSER ROBERT G. GOOD SALLY E. BROWN LOIS R. NISKA STANLEY K. GORDON AMY V. BUCKANAGA ELENA H. PAGE CLAY D. HENNING MARTHA E. BURTON MARK J. PAPANIA LAURA J. LUND DEBORAH M. CARTER MONICA E. PARISE GELYNN L. MAJURE CHARLES W. CHAMBERS LYNN A. PAXTON GLENN P. MARTIN KAREN M. COOK CARLOS M. RIVERA KATHLEEN M. OCONNOR-MORAN TERENCE E. DEEDS DIANA M. RODRIGUEZ JAMES J. PALERINO CATHERINE M. DENTINGER MARC A. SAFRAN ALAN C. PETERSON LISA A. DENZER ABIGAIL M. SHEFER TIMOTHY L. RICKS THOMAS L. DOSS ROBERT J. SIMONDS MARION E. ROOTS SHERI L. DOWNING–FUTRELL DAVID H. SNIADACK ROBERT P. SEWELL SHANNON C. DUNN MARK J. TEDESCO TODD M. TOVAREK ROBERT T. EDWARDS JONATHAN T. WEBER LYNN C. VAN PELT JAMES L. GIBSON JANE R. ZUCKER CLAUDIA G. VONHENDRICKS DAVID M. GOLDSTEIN To be surgeon CHARLES M. WEBER BRENT T. HALL To be nurse director LORI B. HANTON JOHN M. BALINTONA JOHN S. HARTFORD ROXANNE Y. BARROW ELIZABETH A. AUSTIN JODI L. HENNESSY DAHNA L. BATTS BETTY L. CHERN-HUGHES DIANNE MISKINIS HILLIGOSS MARK E. BEATTY LESLIE DENISE COOK COOPER JOHN M. HOLCOMB ELISE M. BELTRAMI MARY P. COUIG DE ALVA HONAHNIE KENNETH L. BROOKS ROBERT E. EATON ERIC M. HOWSER MICHAEL G. BRUCE RUSSELL L. GREEN WILLADINE M. HUGHES ANTHONY B. CAMPBELL KAREN D. HENCH ANITA L. JOHNSON CHRISTINE G. CASEY MARY R. INGRAM MARY C. KARLSON JEFFREY M. CURTIS ARMANDO S. LEDESMA RONALD D. KEATS PATRICK H. DAVID CAROL L. LINDSEY JANIE M. KIRVIN HEIDI C. ERICKSON JOHN S. MOTTER ANITA C. KRUMM JAMES D. HEFFELFINGER NANETTE H. PEPPER DEBORAH L. LAKE DAVID C. HOUGHTON JACQUELYN A. POLDER ROBERTA PROFFITT LAVIN TERRI B. HYDE BONITA S. PYLER RICHARD N. LELAND DENISE J. JAMIESON DEBORAH C. ROMERO LESLIE R. LIGHTWINE DAVID E. JOHNSON PAUL A. SATTLER LORI M. LUU VENKATARAMA R. KOPPAKA ANNETTE C. SIEMENS STEPHANIE C. MANGIGIAN JAMES F. LANDO NADINE M. SIMONS MARK J. MARTINEAU SUSAN A. LIPPOLD PELAGIE C. SNESRUD PETER J. MARTINEAU SHERYL B. LYSS MARJORIE LYNN WITMAN SUSAN Z. MATHEW JULIE M. MAGRI To be senior nurse officer PEGGY J. MATHIS STEPHANIE E. MARKMAN STARDUST W. MAZZARIELLO LISA L. MATHIS ANDREA P. ARGABRITE JACQUELINE P. MORGAN JOHN C. MOHS JUDITH E. ARNDT CATHERINE B. MOSHIER KIMBERLY S. MOHS ANA MARIE L. BALINGIT-WINES MICHELE E. NEHREBECKY ROCHELLE M. NOLTE GARY W. BANGS SHELLY K. PAYNTER WILLIAM H. ORMAN JANICE A. BENNETT RICKY D. PEARCE KATHERINE C. PALATIANOS EILEEN D. BONNEAU THUYLE T. PHAM BERNARD W. PARKER DONNA N. BROWN LYNN M. POWER FARAH M. PARVEZ ROBYN BROWN LAVERNE PUCKETT ALEXANDER K. ROWE MARY E. BRUK MICHAEL R. SANCHEZ STEPHEN M. RUDD DORIS L. CLARKE BARBARA L. SCHOEN MARC A. SAFRAN AMY S. COLLINS ROSEMARY J. SULLIVAN SCOTT S. SANTIBANEZ MARIA L. DINGER JAMES L. VICKROY MONA SARAIYA SANDRA DODGE BRYAN E. WEAVER MICHAEL E. TOEDT LESLIE D. DYE DOMINIC T. WESKAMP ALICIA GARCIA VANTRAN MARY E. FAIRBANKS SIONA W. WILLIE SEYMOUR G. WILLIAMS LENA S. FAWKES TRACY L. WOLFE JASON J. WOO JEAN FROST SHERRI L. ZUDELL CATHERINE L. WOODHOUSE EDWIN M. GALAN LOUIS J. GLASS To be senior assistant nurse officer To be dental director LONNA J. GUTIERREZ CINDY E. HAMLIN CINDY L. ADAMS JEROME B. ALFORD KIMBERLAE A. HOUK FELICIA A. ANDREWS WILLIAM E. ATWOOD LAURIE S. IRWIN-PINKLEY GLENN R. ARCHAMBAULT DONALD C. BELCHER PHILIP JARRES GUADALUPE R. DEMSKE THOMAS L. BERMEL VERLISS L. KELLER-MILLER MICHAEL W. FORBES ARTURO BRAVO DAVID W. KELLY BARBARA A. FULLER JAMES L. CARPENTER DONNA M. KENISON SHERRY L. MCREYNOLDS A. ISABEL GARCIA DEBORAH KLEINFELD ALEXIS MOSQUERA MICHAEL F. GMUREK CAROL L. KONCHAN DARYL W. PERRY NORMAN W. JAMES MARK P. LECAPITAINE MONICA D. RANKINS THOMAS A. KORBITZ MARY M. LEEMHUIS JANET E. SEEGERS RAYMOND F. LALA SUSAN R. LUMSDEN SPENCER T. SMITH MARGARET L. LAMY MICHAEL D. LYMAN PATRICK D. MCDERMOTT IRENE MARIETTA To be engineer director STEVE J. MESCHER KENNETH H. MARMON RANDY J. CORRELL GARY L. PANNABECKER ANGELA M. MARTINELLI DANIEL L. HEINTZMAN FORREST H. PEEBLES TIMOTHY E. MATHEWS PAUL A. JENSEN LYNN G. PRICE ROBERT W. MAYES KENNETH F. MARTINEZ LEE S. SHACKELFORD JERILYN ANDERSON MCCLAIN DAVID I. MCDONNELL DARLENE A. SORRELL STEPHANIE V. MIDDLETON RONALD L. MICKELSEN WALTON L. VANHOOSE BRENDA J. MURRAY JEFFREY J. NOLTE JOHN T. ZIMMER GENISE Y. NIXON RUSSEL D. PEDERSON REBECCA K. OLIN To be senior dental surgeon JOHN P. RIEGEL MARTHA T. OLONE RICHARD A. RUBENDALL JOHN D. ORELLA ARLAN K. ANDREWS ROGER G. SLAPE STEVEN R. OVERSBY MICHAEL C. ARNOLD GREGORY A. STEVENS MICHAEL J. PAPANIA TIMOTHY S. BISHOP MICHAEL R. WEAVER MARK R. BOGNAR CHRISTINE M. PARMENTIER HERMAN J. CAMPBELL SANDRA D. PATTEA To be senior engineer officer JEFFREY M. CAROLLA MONIQUE V. PETROFSKY RANDOLPH A. COFFEY CHERRYLL F. RANGER DAVID M. APANIAN JEFFERY R. COMBS JAMES R. REID SHIB S. BAJPAYEE BRET A. DOWNING MARY J. RILEY RAYMOND M. BEHEL II MARKUS P. ELDRED GILBERT P. ROSE JAMES W. COLLINS PAUL J. FARKAS JOHN J. ROSENBERGER BRYAN L. FISCHER JANIE G. FULLER JAMES F. SABATINOS MICHAEL G. GRESSEL CARL J. GUSTKE JULIANA M. SADOVICH ALLEN K. JARRELL GEORGE HADDY BEVERLY J. SANDERS THOMAS M. PLUMMER JOSEPH G. HOSEK MAURICE M. SHEEHAN ROBERT J. REISS RUTH M. KLEVENS RUTH A. SHULTS STEPHEN P. RHODES MICHAEL R. KWASINSKI ELLEN D. SIMMONS ROSS D. SCHROEDER STEVEN J. LIEN LYNN A. SLEPSKI MUTAHAR S. SHAMSI TANIA M. MACIAS ERNESTINE T. SMARTT KEITH P. SHORTALL RANDALL B. MAYBERRY YUKIKO TANI MARK A. STAFFORD ADELE M. MEGLI BERNADINE L. TOYA MAURICE C. WEST MARY G. MURPHY KENDA J. WALLACE DOMINIC J. WOLF DEBORAH R. NOYES JAMES S. WHITING To be engineer officer SAMUEL J. PETRIE CINDY L. WILSON PETER M. PRESTON To be nurse officer STEVEN J. ANDERSON JOSE C. RODRIGUEZ DONALD C. ANTROBUS RICKEY S. THOMPSON JANICE ADAMS STEPHEN R. BOLAN

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STEVEN L. BOSILJEVAC CYNTHIA C. KUNKEL MICHAEL R. LILLA CHRISTOPHER A. BRADLEY JAN C. MANWARING ROBERT H. MCCLELLAND CHRISTOPHER P. BRADY THERESA I. MCDARMONT JOSEPH F. MCGINNIS MICHAEL S. COENE MARK D. MILLER PHILIP J. MINNICK CHARLES M. COTE ROBERT S. NEWSAD JAMES M. MOORE GORDON R. DELCHAMPS MATTHEW J. POWERS M. PATRICIA MURPHY ROBERT J. DRUMMOND JOSEPH L. SALYER ROBERT E. PITTMAN RICHARD J. GELTING TERESA A. SEITZ NICHOLAS A. QUAGLIETTA KENNETH J. GRANT AUBREY C. SMELLEY, JR. WILLIAM D. SAGE CHARLES S. HAYDEN II RICHARD E. TURNER PAMELA M. SCHWEITZER SCOTT M. HELGESON JOHN W. WALMSLEY MARGARET A. SIMONEAU LEE C. JACKSON MICHAEL D. WARREN ROBERT M. TAYLOR CHUCRI A. KARDOUS MICHAEL M. WELCH JAMES E. TEAGUE ANTHONY G. KATHOL REBECCA L. WEST SHARON K. THOMA DARRELL W. LAROCHE PAUL T. YOUNG THOMAS J. TROSHYNSKI JOHN W. LONGSTAFF ADOLPH E. VEZZA ROBERT J. LORENZ To be environmental health officer PETER WEISS ERIC L. MATSON CHRISTOPHER W. ALLEN To be pharmacist officer STEVEN M. MCGOVERN JANICE ASHBY ANDREW M. MELTZER STEPHEN P. BERARDINELLI, JR. KARL D. AAGENES MARY C. MINER MARGARET L. BOLTE JAMES F. BARNETT, JR. NELSON N. MIX MYRNA J. BUCKLES CHRISTOPHER A. BINA PETER T. NACHOD JULIA E. CHERVONI LYNDALL S. BLACKMON STEVEN E. RAYNOR KEITH W. COOK DONALD L. BRANHAM RICK A. RIVERS LARRY F. CSEH SILVIA P. BREAKFIELD CAROL L. ROGERS WILLIAM T. GOING III CAROLE C. BROADNAX JERRY A. SMITH KIT C. GROSCH CLINTON D. BULLOCK JACK S. SORUM ROBERT W. GRUHOT KRISTI A. CABLER MICHAEL A. STOVER WAYNE L. HALL ROBERT B. CARLILE IV DARRALL F. TILLOCK KENNY R. HICKS CYNTHIA C. CARTER DANIEL C. TOMPKINS JOHN D. HOLLAND LANA Y. CHEN HUNG TRINH LISA J. IWASZKO CARMEN C. CLELLAND MARJORIE E. WALLACE CHRISTOPHER T. KATES SCOTT M. DALLAS RICHARD S. WERMERS DUANE M. KILGUS ALISON R. DION To be senior assistant engineer officer ANN M. KRAKE STEVEN D. DITTERT JENNIFER M. LINCOLN KATHLEEN M. DOTSON PATRICK W. CRANEY JOSEPH D. LITTLE THOMAS C. DURAN MATHEW J. MARTINSON JOSEPH W. MATTHEWS CAROL A. FELDOTTO BRENT D. ROHLFS A THOMAS MIGNONE, JR. MARK A. FELTNER SUSAN L. MUZA TRACI C. GALE To be scientist director RICHARD A. ORLANDO PATRICIA N. GARVEY GINA L. PAHONA SCOTT F. GIBERSON PAMELA L. CHING ALAN G. PARHAM MATTHEW P. GRAMMER DEBRA G. DEBORD EDWARD PEREZ, JR. MELINA N. GRIFFIS LYNDA S. DOLL RHONDA S. SEARS ROBERT W. GRIFFITH MARK S. EBERHARDT JOHN D. SMART RANDALL J. HAIGH MICHELE R. EVANS TIMOTHY WALKER JANETTE L. HARRELL BARRY S. FIELDS ELIZABETH B. WRIGHT DANIEL L. HASENFANG YOUNG H. LEE TOMMY E. HOREIS ROBERT W. LINKINS To be veterinary director BECKY L. KAIME WILLIAM G. LOTZ KIMBERLY D. KNUTSON MARK L. PARIS DOUGLAS A. POWELL DAVID A. KONIGSTEIN ROGER R. ROSA CAROL S. RUBIN JANE M. KREIS GLENN D. TODD WILLIAM S. STOKES BARTON G. WEICK KOUNG U. LEE To be senior scientist officer AXEL V. WOLFF MICHAEL J. LONG HOUDA MAHAYNI LAILA H. ALI To be senior veterinary officer PATRICK M. MARSHALL, JR. ROY A. BLAY JOHN R. MARTIN SEAN F. ALTEKRUSE KATE M. BRETT TERRI J. MARTIN STEPHANIE I. HARRIS FRANK P. GONZALES MARK R. MCCLAIN ESTELLA Z. JONES–MILLER OMAR D. HOTTENSTEIN CONNIE J. MCGOWEN-COX HUGH M. MAINZER LAUREN C. IACONO-CONNORS MAYRA I. MELENDEZ SHANNA L. NESBY–ODELL ROSA J. KEY–SCHWARTZ ALICIA M. MOZZACHIO META H. TIMMONS CHARLES D. KIMSEY, JR. CHERYL A. NAMTVEDT PATRICK J. MCNEILLY To be veterinary officer MARY A. NIESEN HELENA O. MISHOE JENNIFER SRIVER POST PAUL D. SIEGEL KAMELA D.E. DAVIS JULIE K. RHIE JOYCE L. SMITH KATHERINE A. HOLLINGER WILLIAM A. RUSSELL, JR. WILLIAM H. TAYLOR III To be pharmacist director BRIAN D. SCHILLING To be scientist officer KENNETH H. SCHMIDT DENNIS M. ALDER MELISSA R. SCHWEISS NELSON ADEKOYA JENEVA S. ARNOLD SANDRA M. SHIPP LISA J. COLPE DARYL A. DEWOSKIN SCARLET D. SOUTHERN RICKIE R. DAVIS JOHN A. ELTERMANN, JR. THOMAS A. STICHT MINNIS T. HENDRICKS, JR. JOAN C. GINETIS VANESSA G. THOMAS-WILSON KAREN A. HENNESSEY JAMES R. HUNTER DEBORAH J. THOMPSON ROBIN L. LYERLA ALVIN J. LEE ROBERT J. TOSATTO KATHLEEN Y. MCDUFFIE SHEILA M. OKEEFE CATHERINE L. VIEWEG JOSHUA A. MOTT DAVID W. RACINE PAMELA J. WEST STEPHANIE L. SANSOM JO ANN M. SPEARMON BEVERLY K. WILCOX CYNTHIA A. STRILEY JAMES P. STUMPFF CATHERINE W. WITTE DOUGLAS A. THOROUGHMAN JOSLYN R. SWANN EDWARD N. YALE DAVID R. TAYLOR ROCHELLE B. YOUNG To be senior assistant scientist officer CHARLES C. WATSON JAMES S. WILLIAMS III To be senior assistant pharmacist officer MEREDITH A. REYNOLDS To be senior pharmacist officer GREGORY S. DAVIS To be environmental health director ROSS P. GREEN MARK E. BURROUGHS ELAINE J. HU ROBERT H. BERGER MARIA T. BURT NASSER MAHMUD DAVID A. BLEVINS VICKY S. CHAVEZ VLADA MATUSOVSKY WILLIAM J. DANIELS STEPHANIE DONAHOE PARAS M. PATEL BRUCE M. ETCHISON KATHLEEN E. DOWNS EMILY T. THAKUR DANIEL M. HARPER L. JANE DUNCAN ELIZABETH F. YUAN CHARLES L. HIGGINS MARY A. FONG BRENDA J. HOLMAN JEFFREY R. FRITSCH To be dietitian director ALAN D. KNAPP THOMAS P. GAMMARANO KAREN M. BACHMAN-CARTER ALAN R. SCHROEDER SYRENA T. GATEWOOD CRAIG A. SHEPHERD LAURA A. MCNALLY GARY M. GIVENS GLEN P. REVERE To be senior environmental health officer BEN GLIDEWELL MIRANDA S. YANG-OSHIDA RAYMOND GOLDSTINE JARET T. AMES LILLIE D. GOLSON To be senior dietitian officer DAVID P. BLEICHER LUISA V. GRAVLIN ELAINE J. AYRES BRIAN E. CAGLE GEORGE J. HAVENS III SUSAN T. DETHMAN ALAN J. DELLAPENNA, JR. RITA L. HERRING CELIA R. HAYES ALAN S. ECHT MARY ANN HOLOVAC MARILYN A. WELSCHENBACH RUSSELL E. ENSCORE WALTER L. HOLT, JR. DONNA LYNN EVANS CHARLES V. HOPPES To be dietitian officer WENDY L. FANASELLE CARL W. HUNTLEY RALPH F. FULGHAM MARTIN JAGERS KARI R. BLASIUS MICHAEL G. HALKO CAROLYN J. JOHNSON MELISSA Z. SANDERS MICHAEL E. HERRING JOSEPH L. JOHNSON APRIL P. SHAW THOMAS A. HILL MICHAEL D. JONES To be therapist director JOSEPH L. HUGHART JAMES C. JORDAN STEVEN G. INSERRA ANTHONY E. KELLER MARK W. DARDIS MARK A. KELTY ALICE D. KNOBEN FRANCES M. OAKLEY MARTHA D. KENT VERNON T. LEW IVANA R. WILLIAMS

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 9801 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY April 11, 2007 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S4395 To be senior therapist officer To be senior assistant health services officer JASON M. BISCHOFF YOLANDA R. BURKE-DEE DAVID J. BRUEGGEMANN MARJORIE D. BALDO WILLIAM G. CASTLE MARTHA A. DUGANNE MICHELLE M. BLETH MATTHEW A. CLEMONS SUSANNE E. PICKERING NADINE R. BROWN BRENDA C. COOK BECKY L. SELLERS REBECCA A. BUNNELL CAROL A. CORBIE KAREN L. SIEGEL ELIZABETH A. HASTINGS JOSEPH M. CREAGER MICHAELE R. SMITH STANTON C. HAWKES KIMBERLY R. CROCKER AMY L. HOLDER VALESIA N. DANIELS To be therapist officer JASON A. ORTIZ ANISSA A. DAVIS RONALD R. PINHEIRO JAMES L. DICKENS JEAN E. BRADLEY KAREN J. SICARD KAREN E. DORSE JOHN H. FIGAROLA FELICIA J. DUFFY SCOTT P. GAUSTAD To be assistant health services officer KEVIN D. ELKER MICHELLE Y. JORDAN KRISTEN A. EVERETT MICHAEL D. LAPLANTE ALLYSON M. ALVARADO WILLIAM J. FOUST CINDY R. MELANSON THE FOLLOWING CANDIDATES FOR PERSONNEL AC- ANDREW S. GANZON LOIS L. MICHAELIS-GOODE TION IN THE REGULAR COMPONENT OF THE PUBLIC STEPHEN G. GONSALVES RICHARD SHUMWAY HEALTH SERVICE SUBJECT TO QUALIFICATIONS THERE- BRIAN S. GRIFFIN MATTHEW E. TAYLOR FORE AS PROVIDED BY LAW AND REGULATIONS: JOSEFINE R. HAYNES DANIEL C. WEAVER To be medical director DENISE M. HINTON To be senior assistant therapist MICHAEL J. JENKINS DANIEL S. MILLER JOEL A. JOHNSON TESHARA G. BOUIE ROSEMARY A. JOHNSON AYANNA Y. HILL To be senior surgeon JACKIE KENNEDY-SULLIVAN JACKIE M. PETERMAN PAUL J. ANDREASON SUE A. LARKIN ANGEL S. LASANTA To be health services director FRANCISCO M. AVERHOFF ROBERT BALL ROBIN R. LEE REGINA A. BRONSON BRENTON T. BURKHOLDER CHARLETTA L. LEWIS RUST D. COREY SUSAN T. COOKSON MEI-YING LI EUGENE G. DANNELS RAFAEL HARPAZ JOHN T. MARCHAND, JR. MICHELE M. DOODY DALE J. HU KIMBERLY Y. MARTIN CLIFFORD D. EVANS JEFFREY B. KOPP REBECCA A. MCCAIN-SINGLETON JOHN D. FUGATE, JR. SHIRLEY J. LEE SEAN M. MCMAHAN ROBERT A. LATINA AUGUSTINE Q. PROVENCIO JONEE J. MEARNS STEVEN A. LEE CALMAN P. PRUSSIN MARIA A. MOREL RICHARD A. LEVY SUSAN E. REEF CYNTHIA J. NIELSEN-MCARDLE PAUL W. LICHTENSTEIN RAFEL D. RIEVES LISA A. PALUCCI LAWRENCE C. MCMURTRY ERIC M. WASSERMANN ELIEZER R. PANGAN ANASTASIA M. PILIAFAS-BROWN JAMES C. PORTT To be surgeon LINDA M. POTTERN THOMAS T. PRYOR MICHAEL C. RAY HEYWARD L. ROURK, JR. SARAH E. ATANASOFF MELISSA A. ROBB ILZE L. RUDITIS MARTIN G. BELSON ELIZABETH G. SACHSE JAMES F. SAVIOLA PAUL J. BRADY JEFFERY R. SEMAK RICHARD G. SCHULMAN KAREN R. BRODER DONNA M. SMITH MAX A. TAHSUDA XIOMARA I. BROWN JONATHAN F. SMITH ALBERT R. TALLANT DOUGLAS H. ESPOSITO TARAH S. SOMERS FRANCIS P. WAGNER, JR. ALICIA M. FRY SHONDA M. STACEY RICHARD C. WHITMIRE CHANDAK GHOSH COLLEEN A. SWEENEY KENNETH R. HARMAN, JR. JAMES M. TINGEN To be senior health services officer CHRISTOPHER W. KEANE RICARDO VARELA TEJASHRI S. PUROHIT-SHETH CORINNE J. AXELROD ELIZABETH ZAMORA THEODORE P. CHIAPPELLI JULIA A. SCHILLINGER FRANK H. CROSS, JR. LISA M. SUMNER To be assistant nurse officer MELANIE M. TAYLOR WILLIAM M. GOSMAN HAROLD L. BOYLES WILLIAM D. HENRIQUES To be senior assistant surgeon JOSEPH BRADY TERESA C. HORAN MARK D. CRUZ MARK R. DYBUL PAUL A. JONES MONIQUE A. DAVIS DWIGHT R. HUMPHERYS GREG A. KETCHER KAORI DONOHUE PAUL I. JUNG HENRY LOPEZ, JR. BRYAN H. EMERY KATRINA KRETSINGER W. HENRY MACPHERSON COLEEN R. FETT KAREN A. NEAR MARGARET A. MCDOWELL KENNETH L. SIMMET, JR. SHERYL A. OSHEA EDWARD M. MCNERNEY JAMES E. THOMAS PRAGNA PATEL MICHAEL R. MILNER WILLIAM T. WILLIAMSON PRITI R. PATEL DIANA L. RULE ANH P. WRIGHT JANET REEN SAUL JEFFREY D. SCHULDEN TERRY J. SCHLEISMAN ANN T. SCHWARTZ To be junior assistant nurse officer RONALD E. SELLERS DANIEL A. SINGER DANA R. TAYLOR ALAN K. TUPPONCE BENJAMIN O. LINTHICUM RAY J. WEEKLY ALCIA A. WILLIAMS JAMES K. LYONS PEGGY J. WHITEPLUME DAVID WONG ADRIANA M. MEYER-ALONZO ANGELA F. WILLIAMS WILLIAM BOYD WYETH To be senior dental surgeon To be senior engineer officer To be health services officer DANIEL J. HICKEY CAROLE L. BOERNER KATHY L. BALASKO DAVID K. LUNDAHL MARINNA BANKS-SHIELDS JAMES T. OWEN To be engineer officer JEFFREY T. BOSSHART To be dental surgeon JOHN J. CARDARELLI II JAMES A. BELLAH RICARDO MURGA ANA D. CINTRON RICHARD L. FIRNHABER GREGORY J. ROBINSON GARY M. COLE CHRISTINE K. HENG GEORGE F. STEVENS THOMAS A. COSTELLO RICHARD N. HUDON WILLARD E. DAUSE SEAN R. KELLY To be senior assistant engineer officer SANDRA L. FERGUSON DENISE L. GOUDELOCK To be senior assistant dental surgeon BRIAN J. BREUER MICHAEL R. CHARD JAMES A. GREGORY RUBEN S. ACUNA PIERRE M. COSTELLO DIANE C. HANNER REGINALD A. BALLARD JAVIER B. FRANCO HOWARD J. HEISLER JOYCE D. BIBERICA KELLY E. MORTENSEN REBECCA D. HICKS NATHAN L. BRENNER JENNIFER A. PROCTOR STEVEN E. HOBBS MICHAEL J. DONALESKI MATTHEW W. RASMUSSON MARY C. HOLLISTER JENNIFER L. LOMBRANO CHAD A. SNELL THOMAS W. HURST LINDA B. MARKLE EMIL P. WANG SHERLENE B. JACQUES KIMBERLY WOODS MONTOYA JAMES O. WHITE DAWN A. KELLY CRISTIAN G. MORAZAN TAMMY K. WHITE MONICA R. KUENY KHOI N. NGUYEN MICHAEL R. YOUNG KIMBERLY LEWANDOWSKI-WALKER ADRIAN R. PALMER JUDITH A. NELSON NANCY L. SANDMANN To be assistant engineer officer ANNE M. PERRY STEPHEN W. WIIST JEAN O. PLASCHKE ALLEN F. BOLLINGER DANIEL H. REED To be nurse officer SEAN T. BUSH JAMES B. REED JENNIFER LYNN CAPAROSO BRIAN E. RICHMOND ROBIN A. BASSETT MONICA PASQUALE RUEBEN SUSAN M. BEARDSLEY To be scientist director RUBEN T. SABATER TONJUS M. MASON PALMER A. ORLANDI, JR. JAY A. SELIGMAN TRACY L. MATTHEWS JOHN H. STADICK JAIME MUNIZ To be senior scientist DELORES E. STARR DEBORAH B. NIXON ASTRID L. SZETO ANNE M. NORDQUIST KEVIN M. MCGUINNESS SYLVIA J. TETZLAFF CELISSA G. STEPHENS To be scientist BRUCE W. TOPEY ANGELINE L. WASHINGTON GILBERT E. VARNEY, JR. To be senior assistant nurse officer LAURA J. DRASKI KIMBERLY A. WALKER JOHN M. GOLDEN CHRISTOPHER R. WALSH THERESA M. ABEYTA LESLIE A. MACDONALD ROBBIN K. WILLIAMS TAMIKA E. ALLEN MARK M. METHNER CHERYL A. WISEMAN PATRICIA A. BARRETT DAVID J. SKANCHY ANTHONY M. ZECCOLA ELIZABETH D. BATTLES JOSEPH J. TEMENAK

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:49 Mar 13, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 9801 E:\2007SENATE\S11AP7.REC S11AP7 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S4396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 11, 2007 To be senior assistant scientist MICHAEL J. SHIBER COLONEL LEONARD A. PATRICK, 0000 MELAINE M. SHIN COLONEL BRADLEY R. PRAY, 0000 LEIGH T. R. BUCHANAN KELLEY M. SIMMS COLONEL LORI J. ROBINSON, 0000 DAN-MY T. CHU JEANNE SKANCHY COLONEL ANTHONY J. ROCK, 0000 DANICE K. EATON DIANE C. SMITH COLONEL JAY G. SANTEE, 0000 AARON T. FLEISCHAUER KELLY L. STANKIEWICZ COLONEL ROWAYNE A. SCHATZ, JR, 0000 DOMINIC R. FRASCA AYOUB S. SULIMAN COLONEL STEVEN J. SPANO, 0000 DARA S. FRIEDMAN ALLISON L. UNDERWOOD COLONEL THOMAS L. TINSLEY, 0000 ALTHEA M. GRANT PETER G. VERMILYEA COLONEL JACK WEINSTEIN, 0000 RONA A. LEBLANC BEVERLY WEITZMAN COLONEL STEPHEN W. WILSON, 0000 TRACY C. MACGILL STACEY W. WILLIAMS COLONEL MARGARET H. WOODWARD, 0000 JOEL M. MONTGOMERY YON C. YU IN THE ARMY TIMOTHY D. NELLE To be dietitian JAMES L. OSTERHOUT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT MARTIN L. SANDERS KRISTEN L. MOE IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED STEVEN S. YOON LESLYE L. RAUTH UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: To be environmental health officer To be senior assistant dietitian To be major general ALAN L. BREND AMY M. BEUTLER BRIG. GEN. CARROLL F. POLLETT, 0000 DEBORAH A. GRECO SANDRA G. MAGERA IN THE NAVY WILLIAM J. GREIM GREGORY J. MAHRT KEVIN P. SHEEHAN To be senior assistant therapist THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT To be senior assistant environmental health IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED officer TERRY L. BOLES UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MATTHEW R. DAAB To be rear admiral (lower half) RANDY J. BOYLSTEIN DARLENE M. HARMON BRIAN L. COOK ERNESTINE B. HIGDON CAPT. MICHAEL A. GIORGIONE, 0000 LISA J. DELANEY BRIDGETTE A. SEAGO ALARIC C. DENTON BARBARA A. WERITO THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED ROGER A. GOODMAN To be senior health services officer TRAVIS R. HUNT UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: DIANA L. KELSCH ROBERT J. LYON To be rear admiral (lower half) BRADLEY S. KING JOHN L. MCKERNAN To be health services officer CAPT. RICHARD C. VINCI, 0000 LAURALYNN T. MCKERNAN CHARLES N. JAWORSKI THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MARY B. OCONNOR SUNIL PATEL IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED AIMEE T. TREFFILETTI CYNTHIA A. SPELLS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: SARAH E. UNTHANK PHILLIP L. TOY DANIEL J. YEREB DIAHANN L. WILLIAMS To be rear admiral (lower half) To be assistant environmental health officer To be senior assistant health services officer CAPT. WILLIAM M. ROBERTS, 0000 CAPT. ALTON L. STOCKS, 0000 ROBERT A. GIBBS JASON D. ABEL CHRISTOPHER T. SMITH KARL W. BAILEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MATTHEW A. WALBURGER JON T. BAUGHMAN IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TO THE GRADE INDICATED To be veterinary director BRIAN C. BUCCA UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: RHONDALYN R. COX To be rear admiral (lower half) WILLIAM R. ELKINS ANDREW J. DEMMA JODEE M. DENNISON CAPT. ROBERT J. BIANCHI, 0000 To be veterinary officer TRAVIS L. FISHER CAPT. THOMAS C. TRAAEN, 0000 GERARD R. FORSTER TERRI R. CLARK IN THE AIR FORCE VICTORIA A. HAMPSHIRE BRENDA L. GEARHART DANIEL R. OLEARY CAMILLE P. HAWKINS THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR APPOINT- NICHOLETTE Y. HEMINGWAY MENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR To be senior assistant veterinary officer THOMAS S. HOCHBERG FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531(A): HELEN M. HUNTER JENNIFER G. WRIGHT LATONYA T. JIGGETTS To be major SIANAT Q. KAMAL To be pharmacist director NOANA ISSARGRILL, 0000 IBRAHIM KAMARA ORVILLE D. BROWN III LAURIE ANN KELLEY IN THE ARMY DAVID K. LAU To be senior pharmacist PETER R. LENAHAN THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR REGULAR WILLIAM D. FIGG JENNIFER ANN MALIA APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JOY ANN P. MATTHIAS UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, To be pharmacist CHRISTOPHER L. MCGEE U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: CHRISTOPHER K. MILLER THOMAS E. ADDISON To be lieutenant colonel THERESA A. MINTER KENNETH W. HILL DAISY D. MITCHELL FRANKLIN M. CRANE, 0000 LARRY P. LIM JAMES T. MORRIS GARY T. KIRCHOFF, 0000 JOUHAYNA S. SALIBA SUSAN R. PEACOCK JON R. SCHUCHARDT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR REGULAR AP- TODD B. PELTON AARON W. SIGLER POINTMENT IN THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE UNITED ROBERT S. PIE, JR. STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: To be senior assistant pharmacist SCOTT J. SALVATORE ANGELA K. SHEN To be lieutenant colonel CECIL M. AYCOCK CLARENCE SMILEY MATTHEW R. BAKER ADAMU A. TAHIRU MARK W. CRUMPTON, 0000 SYE D. BENNEFIELD LINDA THAI MATTHEW B. MEDNICK, 0000 POSTELLE D. BIRCH JON-MIKEL WOODY WILL G. MERRILL, 0000 GERALD R. BROWN, JR. KATHLEEN A. WOOTEN ANDREW E. PETRETTI, 0000 ARIANNE E. CAMPHIRE DAVID F. SMITH, 0000 JOHN T. CHAPMAN To be assistant health services officer To be major IVANNE L. CHEATHAM GILIAN H. ENGELSON JAMES B. CLAY CHRISTOPHER L. COLEMAN, 0000 EDUARDO R. FAYTONG TERI A. CREAGER CORY J. DELGER, 0000 JASON S. JURKOWSKI KEVIN R. DENNY LAWRENCE P. HOUSE, 0000 LEAH A. LASCO IDA-LINA DIAK RHONDA L. KEISTER, 0000 TODD M. RAZIANO PETER S. DIAK D000097 ANGEL E. SANCHEZ DANA R. EVANS D000029 STEPHEN C. SMITH LORI M. EVANS LAREE A. TRACY JOHN R. FULTON THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR DARIN S. WIEGERS JAMES C. GEMELAS APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE VIOLETTE J. GEZA IN THE AIR FORCE UNITED STATES ARMY NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, ELIZABETH A. D. GIRARD U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: HUIJEONG A. HAHM THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT To be lieutenant colonel ANN R. HILLER IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- THOMAS O. HINCHLIFFE CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: THOMAS BROOKS, 0000 SARAH H. HO To be brigadier general HELEN A. MORETTI, 0000 SHERA M. HOGAN To be major JAEWON HONG COLONEL MARK A. ATKINSON, 0000 HAKSONG JIN COLONEL MARK A. BARRETT, 0000 WESLEY J. ANDERSON, 0000 KRISTY M. KLINGER COLONEL BRIAN T. BISHOP, 0000 MICHELLE A. DUNKLEY, 0000 PAULA M. LAPLANT COLONEL MICHAEL R. BOERA, 0000 SANDRA J. HETZEL, 0000 NICOLE LEE COLONEL NORMAN J. BROZENICK, JR, 0000 LORIE J. MITCHELL, 0000 KELLI D. LUCAS COLONEL CATHY C. CLOTHIER, 0000 DEBORAH C. WARREN, 0000 KRISTEN E. MILLER COLONEL DAVID A. COTTON, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUALS FOR REGULAR ANGELA L. NELSON COLONEL SHARON K. G. DUNBAR, 0000 APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE BINH T. NGUYEN COLONEL BARBARA J. FAULKENBERRY, 0000 UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, DANIEL K. NGUYEN COLONEL LARRY K. GRUNDHAUSER, 0000 U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: SOOJUNG S. PARK COLONEL GARRETT HARENCAK, 0000 DEVVRAT T. PATEL COLONEL JAMES M. HOLMES, 0000 To be colonel JACQUIE K. ROTH COLONEL DAVE C. HOWE, 0000 SUSAN A. RUSSELL COLONEL JAMES J. JONES, 0000 DAMON T. ARNOLD, 0000 SANDEEP S. SAINI COLONEL MICHAEL A. KELTZ, 0000 STEVEN R. SMITH, 0000 MARK W. SELLERS COLONEL FREDERICK H. MARTIN, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel ALISEA R. SERMON COLONEL WENDY M. MASIELLO, 0000 STANLEY M. SHEPPERSON COLONEL ROBERT P. OTTO, 0000 DAVID B. ANDERSON, 0000

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WAYNE A. CAROLEO, 0000 IN THE NAVY KEITH C. WOODLEY, 0000 TODD C. ZENNER, 0000 To be major THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY DAVID M. ZIELINSKI, 0000 APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE DONOVAN D. DIXON, 0000 UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION JEFFREY R. KEIM, 0000 f 5721: GIJSBERTUS F. VANSTAVEREN, 0000 To be lieutenant commander DISCHARGED NOMINATION THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED BENJAMIN AMDUR, 0000 The Senate Committee on Homeland STATES ARMY MEDICAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., MICHAEL L. ATWELL, 0000 SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: GILBERT AYAN, 0000 Security and Governmental Affairs was WILLIAM E. BAIN, 0000 To be lieutenant colonel CASEY B. BAKER, 0000 discharged from further consideration EMILY L. BASSETT, 0000 D0000 of the following nomination and the DAVID P. BROOKS, 0000 nomination was placed on the Execu- THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR NATHANIEL H. BROWN, 0000 APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE SHAWN M. COWAN, 0000 tive Calendar: UNITED STATES ARMY DENTAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, MARC E. DAVIS, 0000 U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: WILLIAM J. DAVIS, 0000 *CLAUDE M. KICKLIGHTER, OF GEORGIA, TO BE INSPEC- JASON M. DEICHLER, 0000 TOR GENERAL, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. To be major BRIAN C. EARP, 0000 *Nominee has committed to respond MICHAEL D. FISHER, 0000 BERNADINE F. PELETZFOX, 0000 JOHN W. HALE, 0000 to requests to appear and testify before THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR REGULAR AP- ANTHONY J. HARRELL, 0000 any duly constituted committee of the POINTMENT IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED MARK R. HARRIS, 0000 STATES ARMY VETERINARY CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, MICHAEL W. HARTMANN, 0000 Senate. U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: EDWARD A. HERTY IV, 0000 JUSTIN R. HODGES, 0000 f To be major THOMAS M. JONES, 0000 STEPHEN M. KOSLOSKI, JR., 0000 D0000 JUDD A. KRIER, 0000 CONFIRMATION THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR NEIL A. KRUEGER, 0000 Executive nomination confirmed by APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE ERIC E. LANG, 0000 UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS CHRISTOPHER LEDLOW, 0000 the Senate Wednesday, April 11, 2007: UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: RANDALL G. LEE, 0000 PHUONG M. LUI, 0000 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CHARLES E. LYNCH, 0000 To be major JAMES R. CLAPPER, JR., OF VIRGINIA, TO BE UNDER GEORGE S. MAJOR, 0000 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR INTELLIGENCE. JOSEF RIVERO, 0000 JAMES R. MALONE, 0000 THE ABOVE NOMINATION WAS APPROVED SUBJECT TO GRADY S. MCDONALD, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR REGULAR THE NOMINEE’S COMMITMENT TO RESPOND TO RE- NATHAN M. MILLS, 0000 APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE MICHAEL S. MITCHELL, 0000 QUESTS TO APPEAR AND TESTIFY BEFORE ANY DULY UNITED STATES ARMY DENTAL CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, ALBERT L. MOORE, 0000 CONSTITUTED COMMITTEE OF THE SENATE. U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 3064: MICHELLE L. NAKAMURA, 0000 To be major THOMAS J. NIEBEL, 0000 f HADEN U. PATRICK, 0000 STEPHEN J. VELEZ, 0000 WILLARD L. PHILLIPS, 0000 WITHDRAWALS STEPHAN H. POMEROY, 0000 IN THE MARINE CORPS JESSE C. PRUETT, 0000 Executive Message transmitted by KENNETH M. RAHN, 0000 THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR TEMPORARY ALFREDO R. RENDON, 0000 the President to the Senate on April 11, APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE JAMES M. RICHARDS, 0000 UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., 2007, withdrawing from further Senate MARSHALL G. RIGGALL, 0000 SECTION 6222: JOHN J. RIOS, 0000 consideration the following nomina- To be major MARK T. ROBINSON, 0000 tions: JOEL RODRIGUEZ, 0000 JASON K. FETTIG, 0000 THOMAS A. SEIGENTHALER, 0000 WILLIAM LUDWIG WEHRUM, JR., OF TENNESSEE, TO BE JEFFREY R. SHIPMAN, 0000 AN ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ENVIRON- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR TEMPORARY WILLIAM M. SPENCE, 0000 MENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, VICE JEFFREY R. APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE SCOTT T. TASIN, 0000 HOLMSTEAD, RESIGNED, WHICH WAS SENT TO THE SEN- UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., STEVEN C. TERREAULT, 0000 ATE ON JANUARY 9, 2007. SECTION 6222: LYNDEN R. TOLIVER, JR., 0000 ALEX A. BEEHLER, OF MARYLAND, TO BE INSPECTOR To be colonel DAN W. TURBEVILLE, 0000 GENERAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, VICE BLANDINO A. VILLANUEVA, 0000 NIKKI RUSH TINSLEY, RESIGNED, WHICH WAS SENT TO MICHAEL J. COLBURN, 0000 JOHN W. WATERSTON, 0000 THE SENATE ON JANUARY 9, 2007.

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SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS 2 p.m. APRIL 19 Appropriations 9 a.m. Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, Labor, Health and Human Services, Edu- Homeland Security and Governmental Af- agreed to by the Senate on February 4, cation, and Related Agencies Sub- fairs 1977, calls for establishment of a sys- committee To hold hearings to examine the impact tem for a computerized schedule of all To hold hearings to examine combating of global warming on private and fed- autism, focusing on undertaking a co- meetings and hearings of Senate com- eral insurance. ordinated response. SD–342 mittees, subcommittees, joint commit- SD–124 9:30 a.m. tees, and committees of conference. 3 p.m. Armed Services This title requires all such committees Armed Services To hold hearings to receive testimony on to notify the Office of the Senate Daily Readiness and Management Support Sub- the Department of Defense’s manage- Digest—designated by the Rules Com- committee ment of costs under the Logistics Civil To hold hearings to examine the current mittee—of the time, place, and purpose Augmentation Program (LOGCAP) readiness of United States ground contract in Iraq. of the meetings, when scheduled, and forces in review of the Defense Author- SH–216 any cancellations or changes in the ization Request for fiscal year 2008 and 10 a.m. meetings as they occur. the Future Years Defense Program. Commerce, Science, and Transportation S–407, Capitol As an additional procedure along Science, Technology, and Innovation Sub- Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs with the computerization of this infor- committee Securities, Insurance and Investment Sub- To hold hearings to examine United mation, the Office of the Senate Daily committee States competitiveness through basic Digest will prepare this information for To hold hearings to examine the role of research. printing in the Extensions of Remarks securitization relating to subprime SR–253 section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD mortgage market turmoil. Appropriations SD–538 on Monday and Wednesday of each Transportation, Housing and Urban Devel- week. opment, and Related Agencies Sub- APRIL 18 committee Meetings scheduled for Thursday, 10 a.m. To hold hearings to examine rising high- April 12, 2007 may be found in the Daily Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions way fatalities. Digest of today’s RECORD. Business meeting to markup S. 1082, to SD–124 amend the Federal Food, Drug, and 2:30 p.m. Cosmetic Act to reauthorize and amend Commerce, Science, and Transportation MEETINGS SCHEDULED the prescription drug user fee provi- Business meeting to consider pending APRIL 16 sions, and any pending nominations. calendar business. SD–628 2:30 p.m. SR–253 Small Business and Entrepreneurship Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings to examine S. 731, to de- To hold hearings to examine Public Law APRIL 24 velop a methodology for, and complete, 107–204 (Sarbanes Oxley Act) and small 9:30 a.m. a national assessment of geological business addressing proposed regu- Armed Services storage capacity for carbon dioxide, latory changes and their impact on To hold hearings to receive testimony on and S. 962, to amend the Energy Policy capital markets. United States Pacific Command, Act of 2005 to reauthorize and improve SR–428A United States Forces Korea, and the carbon capture and storage re- Appropriations United States Special Operations Com- search, development, and demonstra- State, Foreign Operations, and Related mand in review of the Defense Author- tion program of the Department of En- Programs Subcommittee ization Request for fiscal year 2008 and ergy. To hold hearings to examine proposed the Futures Years Defense Program. SD–366 budget estimates for fiscal year 2008 for SH–216 maternal and child health, and family APRIL 17 planning and reproductive health. APRIL 25 SD–138 9:30 a.m. 2 p.m. 2:30 p.m. Armed Services Veterans’ Affairs Appropriations To hold hearings to examine whether the To hold an oversight hearing to examine Energy and Water Development Sub- Army and Marine Corps are properly the Department of Veterans Affairs, fo- committee sized, organized, and equipped to re- cusing on mental health issues. To hold hearings to examine proposed spond to the most likely missions over SR–418 the next two decades while retaining budget estimates for fiscal year 2008 for the Department of Energy. adequate capability to respond to all APRIL 26 contingencies along the spectrum of SD–138 9:30 a.m. combat. Environment and Public Works Armed Services SD–106 To hold hearings to examine the nomina- To hold hearings to receive testimony on 10 a.m. tion of Lieutenant General Robert L. Commerce, Science, and Transportation Van Antwerp, Jr. to be Chief of Engi- legal issues regarding individuals de- To hold hearings to examine XM Sirius. neers and Commanding General of the tained by the Department of Defense as SR–253 United States Army Corps of Engi- unlawful enemy combatants. Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions neers. SH–216 Employment and Workplace Safety Sub- SD–406 10 a.m. committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings to examine domestic vi- Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Science, Technology, and Innovation Sub- olence in the workplace. Guard Subcommittee committee SD–628 To hold oversight hearings to examine To hold hearings to examine clean coal Judiciary proposed budget estimates for fiscal technology. To hold oversight hearings to examine year 2008 for the United States Coast SR–253 the Department of Justice. Guard. SH–216 SR–253

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

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HIGHLIGHTS Senate passed S. 5, Stem Cell Enhancement Act. Senate passed S. 30, HOPE Act. Senate HOPE Act: By 70 yeas and 28 nays (Vote No. Chamber Action 128), Senate passed S. 30, to intensify research to de- Routine Proceedings, pages S4319–S4397 rive human pluripotent stem cell lines, and pursuant Measures Introduced: Eight bills were introduced, to the order of March 29, 2007, requiring 60 votes as follows: S. 1085–1092. Page S4379 for the passage of this bill, it is passed. Pages S4319–71, S4386–91 Measures Reported: S. 343, to extend the District of Columbia Col- Holocaust Memorial Day: Committee on Foreign lege Access Act of 1999. (S. Rept. No. 110–52) Relations was discharged from further consideration Report to accompany S. 558, to provide parity be- of S. Res. 142, observing Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Memorial Day, and calling on the remaining mem- tween health insurance coverage of mental health ber countries of the International Commission of the benefits and benefits for medical and surgical serv- International Tracing Service to ratify the May 2006 ices. (S. Rept. No. 110–53) Page S4379 amendments to the 1955 Bonn Accords immediately Measures Passed: to allow open access to the Bad Arolsen archives, and Regional Strategy in Africa: Senate agreed to S. the resolution was then agreed to. Page S4391 Res. 76, calling on the United States Government Intelligence Authorization Act: A unanimous- and the international community to promptly de- consent agreement was reached providing that at ap- velop, fund, and implement a comprehensive re- proximately 10:30 a.m., on Thursday, April 11, gional strategy in Africa to protect civilians, facili- 2007, Senate resume consideration of the motion to tate humanitarian operations, contain and reduce vio- proceed to consideration of S. 372, to authorize ap- lence, and contribute to conditions for sustainable propriations for fiscal year 2007 for the intelligence peace in eastern Chad, northern Central African Re- and intelligence-related activities of the United public, and Darfur, Sudan, after agreeing to the fol- States Government, the Intelligence Community lowing amendments proposed thereto: Pages S4385–86 Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Harkin (for Lugar) Amendment No. 840, to urge Agency Retirement and Disability System, and Sen- the Government of the Central African Republic to ate vote on the motion to invoke cloture on the mo- address human rights abuses in the northwestern re- tion to proceed thereon. Page S4386 gion of that country. Page S4385 Appointments: Harkin (for Lugar) Amendment No. 841, to United States Commission on International Re- amend the title. Page S4385 ligious Freedom: The Chair, on behalf of the Presi- Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act: By 63 dent pro tempore, upon the recommendation of the yeas and 34 nays (Vote No. 127), Senate passed S. Democratic Leader, pursuant to Public Law 5, to amend the Public Health Service Act to pro- 105–292, as amended by Public Law 106–55, and vide for human embryonic stem cell research, and as further amended by Public Law 107–228, ap- pursuant to the order of March 29, 2007, requiring pointed the following individual to the United 60 votes for the passage of this bill, it is passed. States Commission on International Religious Free- Pages S4319–71, S4386–91 dom: Dr. Don H. Argue, of Washington (for a term of May 15, 2007–May 14, 2009). Page S4385 D481

VerDate Aug 31 2005 03:15 Apr 12, 2007 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0627 Sfmt 0627 E:\CR\FM\D11AP7.REC D11APPT1 hmoore on PRODPC68 with HMDIGEST D482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST April 11, 2007 Nomination Confirmed: Senate confirmed the fol- remarks of the Acting Majority Leader in today’s lowing nomination: Record on page S4386.) James R. Clapper, Jr., of Virginia, to be Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. Committee Meetings Pages S4386, S4397 Nominations Received: Senate received the fol- (Committees not listed did not meet) lowing nominations: APPROPRIATIONS: NATIONAL GUARD Peter Michael McKinley, of Virginia, to be Am- AND RESERVES bassador to the Republic of Peru. Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Defense Charles L. Hopkins, of Massachusetts, to be an concluded a hearing to examine proposed budget es- Assistant Secretary of Veterans Affairs (Operations, timates for fiscal year 2008, after receiving testimony Preparedness, Security and Law Enforcement). in behalf of funds for their respective activities from 29 Air Force nominations in the rank of general. Lieutenant General Jack Stultz, Chief, Army Re- 1 Army nomination in the rank of general. serve; Vice Admiral John G. Cotton, Chief, Naval 6 Navy nominations in the rank of admiral. Reserve; Lieutenant General John W. Bergman, Routine lists in the Air Force, Army, Marine Commander, Marine Forces Reserve; Lieutenant Gen- Corps, Navy, Public Health Service. Pages S4391–97 eral John A. Bradley, Chief, Air Force Reserve; Lieu- Nominations Withdrawn: Senate received notifica- tenant General H. Steven Blum, Chief, National tion of withdrawal of the following nominations: Guard Bureau; Lieutenant General Clyde Vaughn, William Ludwig Wehrum, Jr., of Tennessee, to be Vice Chief, Army National Guard; and Lieutenant an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental General Craig McKinley, Vice Chief, Air National Protection Agency, which was sent to the Senate on Guard. January 9, 2007. APPROPRIATIONS: DEPARTMENT OF Alex A. Beehler, of Maryland, to be Inspector ENERGY General, Environmental Protection Agency, which was sent to the Senate on January 9, 2007. Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Energy Page S4397 and Water Development concluded a hearing to examine proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 2008 Nomination Discharged: The following nomina- for the Department of Energy, and the Energy Policy tion was discharged from further committee consid- Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58), after receiving eration and placed on the Executive Calendar: testimony from Kevin Kolevar, Director, Office of Claude M. Kicklighter, of Georgia, to be Inspec- Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Alex- tor General, Department of Defense, which was sent ander Karsner, Assistant Secretary, Office of Energy to the Senate on February 26, 2007, from the Senate Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Dennis R. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Spurgeon, Assistant Secretary, Office of Nuclear En- Affairs. Pages S4386, S4397 ergy, and Thomas D. Shope, Assistant Secretary, Of- Messages from the House: Page S4374 fice of Fossil Energy, all of the Department of En- ergy. Executive Communications: Pages S4374–79 Additional Cosponsors: Pages S4380–82 APPROPRIATIONS: OMB Statements on Introduced Bills/Resolutions: Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Finan- Pages S4382–83 cial Services and General Government concluded a hearing to examine proposed budget estimates for Additional Statements: Page S4373 fiscal year 2008 for the Office of Management and Amendments Submitted: Pages S4383–84 Budget, after receiving testimony from Robert J. Notices of Hearings/Meetings: Page S4384 Portman, Director, and Robert Shea, Associate Di- rector for Management, both of the Office of Man- Authorities for Committees to Meet: agement and Budget. Pages S4384–85 BUDGET: DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION Privileges of the Floor: Page S4385 Committee on Armed Services: Subcommittee on Emerg- Record Votes: Two record votes were taken today. ing Threats and Capabilities concluded a hearing to (Total—128) Pages S4389, S4390 examine nonproliferation programs at the National Adjournment: Senate convened at 9:30 a.m., and Nuclear Security Administration and the Cooperative adjourned at 6:42 p.m., until 9:30 a.m. on Thurs- Threat Reduction Program and the Proliferation Se- day, April 12, 2007. (For Senate’s program, see the curity Initiative at the Department of Defense in the

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review of the Defense Authorization Request for fis- Federation of America, and David W. Regan, Na- cal year 2008 and the Future Years Defense Pro- tional Automobile Dealers Association, both of grams, after receiving testimony from Senator Lugar Washington, D.C. and former Senator Nunn; William H. Tobey, Dep- AIRLINE SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS uty Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonprolifera- tion, National Nuclear Security Administration, De- Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation: partment of Energy; and Joseph A. Benkert, Prin- Committee concluded a hearing to examine airline cipal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for service improvements, including S. 678, to amend Global Security Affairs. title 49, United States Code, to ensure air passengers have access to necessary services while on a grounded BUDGET: DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION air carrier and are not unnecessarily held on a Committee on Armed Services: Subcommittee on Stra- grounded air carrier before or after a flight, after re- tegic Forces concluded a hearing to examine Ballistic ceiving testimony from Michael Reynolds, Deputy Missile Defense Programs in review of the Defense Assistant Secretary, and Calvin L. Scovel III, Inspec- Authorization Request for fiscal year 2008 and the tor General, both of the Department of Transpor- Future Years Defense Program, after receiving testi- tation; Edmund Mierzwinksi, U.S. Public Interest mony from Lieutenant General Henry A. Obering Research Group, Paul Hudson, Aviation Consumer III, USAF, Director, Missile Defense Agency, Lieu- Action Project, and James C. May, Air Transport tenant General Kevin T. Campbell, USA, Com- Association of America, Inc., all of Washington, manding General, United States Army Space and D.C.; Kevin P. Mitchell, Business Travel Coalition, Missile Defense Command, Charles E. McQueary, Radnor, Pennsylvania; Kate Hanni, Coalition for Director, Operational Test and Evaluation, and Brian Airline Passengers’ Bill of Rights, Napa, California; R. Green, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Strategic and Rahul Chandran, Center on International Co- Capabilities, all of the Department of Defense; and operation, New York, New York. Paul L. Francis, Director, Acquisition and Sourcing Management, Government Accountability Office. MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE Committee on Finance: Committee concluded a hearing to examine the Medicare Advantage Program, after Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs: receiving testimony from Peter R. Orszag, Director, Committee concluded a hearing to examine the Congressional Budget Office; Glenn M. Hackbarth, availability and affordability of property and casualty Chairman, Medicare Payment Advisory Commission; insurance in the Gulf Coast and other coastal re- Debra A. Draper, Center for Studying Health System gions, after receiving testimony from Senator Nelson Change, Washington, D.C.; and I. Steven (FL); Edward P. Lazear, Chairman, Council of Eco- Udvarhelyi, Independence Blue Cross, Philadelphia, nomic Advisers; Florida Governor Charlie Crist, Tal- Pennsylvania. lahassee; Walter A. Bell, Alabama Insurance Com- missioner, Montgomery; Marc Racicot, American In- DARFUR surance Association, Franklin W. Nutter, Reinsur- Committee on Foreign Relations: Committee concluded ance Association of America, Charles Chamness, Na- a hearing to examine an alternative plan to stop tional Association of Mutual Insurance Companies, genocide relating to Darfur, after receiving testi- and James M. Loy, ProtectingAmerica.org, all of mony from Andrew S. Natsios, President’s Special Washington, D.C.; Robert P. Hartwig, Insurance In- Envoy to Sudan, Department of State; and Susan E. formation Institute, New York, New York; David Rice, The Brookings Institution, Lawrence G. Guidry, Guico Machine Works, on behalf of Greater Rossin, Save Darfur Coalition, and J. Stephen Morri- New Orleans, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana; and son, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Harold Polsky, Bedford, Virginia. all of Washington, D.C. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE NOMINATIONS INDUSTRY Committee on the Judiciary: Committee concluded a Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation: hearing to examine the nominations of Debra Ann Committee concluded an oversight hearing to exam- Livingston, of New York, to be United States Cir- ine the property and casualty insurance industry, cuit Judge for the Second Circuit, Roslynn Renee after receiving testimony from Mississippi Attorney Mauskopf, to be United States District Judge for the General Jim Hood, Jackson; Julie Benafield Bow- Eastern District of New York, Richard Sullivan, to man, Arkansas Insurance Commissioner, Little Rock, be United States District Judge for the Southern on behalf of the National Association of Insurance District of New York, who were each introduced by Commissioners; and J. Robert Hunter, Consumer Senator Feingold, and Joseph S. Van Bokkelen, to be

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United States District Judge for the Northern Dis- SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION trict of Indiana, who was introduced by Senator Committee on Rules and Administration: Committee Lugar, after the nominees testified and answered concluded an oversight hearing to examine the oper- questions in their own behalf. ations and governance of the Smithsonian Institu- IMPROPER USE OF NATIONAL SECURITY tion, focusing on the condition of the Smithsonian’s LETTERS facilities and whether the Smithsonian has taken Committee on the Judiciary: Subcommittee on the Con- steps to maximize facility resources, including the stitution concluded a hearing to examine the Inspec- current estimated costs of the needed facilities tor General’s findings of improper use of National projects, and the extent to which the Smithsonian Security Letters by the Federal Bureau of Investiga- developed and implemented strategies to fund these tion, after receiving testimony from former Rep- projects, after receiving testimony from Mark L. resentative Barr; George Christian, Library Connec- Goldstein, Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues, tion, Inc., Windsor, Connecticut, on behalf of the Government Accountability Office; and Roger W. American Library Association; and Suzanne E. Sant, Patricia Q. Stonesifer, Cristian Samper, and Spaulding, Bingham Consulting Group, and Peter P. Anne Sprightley Ryan, all of the Smithsonian Insti- Swire, Center for American Progress, both of Wash- tution, Washington, D.C. ington, D.C. h House of Representatives members from the Department of Defense to the Depart- Chamber Action ment of Veterans Affairs, 9:30 a.m., SH–216. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs: Sub- The House was not in session today. The House committee on Security and International Trade and Fi- is scheduled to meet at 2 p.m. on Monday, April 16, nance, to hold hearings to examine the issue of piracy, fo- 2007, pursuant to the provisions of H. Con. Res. cusing on intellectual property theft’s impact on Amer- 103. ica’s place in the global economy and strategies for improving enforcement, 2 p.m., SD–538. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation: to Committee Meetings hold hearings to examine Transportation Workers Identi- fication Credentials (TWIC) implementations, 10 a.m., SR–253. No committee meetings were held. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources: to hold hear- f ings to examine S. 987, to enhance the energy security of the United States by promoting biofuels, 10 a.m., COMMITTEE MEETINGS FOR THURSDAY, SD–366. APRIL 12, 2007 Committee on Finance: to hold hearings to examine filing federal income tax returns, 10 a.m., SD–G50. (Committee meetings are open unless otherwise indicated) Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and In- Senate frastructure, to hold hearings to examine international perspectives on alternative energy policy, focusing on in- Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Military centives and mandates and their impacts, 2:15 p.m., Construction and Veterans’ Affairs, and Related Agencies, SD–215. to hold hearings to examine proposed budget estimates Full Committee, business meeting to mark up S. 3, to for fiscal year 2008 for the Department of Veterans Af- amend part D of title XVIII of the Social Security Act fairs, 10 a.m., SD–124. to provide for fair prescription drug prices for Medicare Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, beneficiaries, 6:40 p.m., SD–215. Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies, to Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions: to hold hearings to examine the current pet food recall, 2 hold hearings to examine closing the gap relating to p.m., SD–192. equal pay for women workers, 2 p.m., SD–628. Committee on Armed Services: with the Committee on Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs: Veterans’ Affairs, to hold joint hearings to examine testi- Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Disaster Recovery, to hold mony on the Departments of Defense and Veterans Af- fairs disability rating systems and the transition of service hearings to examine a dialogue on removing obstacles to

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the recovery effort, focusing on the Government Account- Ozerden, of Mississippi, to be United States District ability Office’s analysis of the Gulf Coast recovery, 2 Judge for the Southern District of Mississippi, and Ben- p.m., SD–342. jamin Hale Settle, of Washington, to be United States Committee on Indian Affairs: business meeting to con- District Judge for the Western District of Washington; sider pending calendar business; to be followed imme- and the possibility of the issuance of certain subpoenas in diately by an oversight hearing on Tribal Colleges and connection with the investigation into the replacement of Universities, 9:30 a.m., SR–485. United States Attorneys, 10 a.m., SD–226. Committee on the Judiciary: to hold hearings to examine Committee on Veterans’ Affairs: with the Committee on S. 376, to amend title 18, United States Code, to im- Armed Services, to hold joint hearings to examine testi- prove the provisions relating to the carrying of concealed mony on the Departments of Defense and Veterans Af- weapons by law enforcement officers, S. 1079, to establish fairs disability rating systems and the transition of service the Star-Spangled Banner and War of 1812 Bicentennial members from the Department of Defense to the Depart- Commission, S. 221, to amend title 9, United States ment of Veterans Affairs, 9:30 a.m., SH–216. Code, to provide for greater fairness in the arbitration Select Committee on Intelligence: to hold closed hearings to process relating to livestock and poultry contracts, S. 849, examine certain intelligence matters, 2:30 p.m., SH–219. to promote accessibility, accountability, and openness in Government by strengthening section 552 of title 5, House United States Code (commonly referred to as the Freedom No committee meetings are scheduled. of Information Act), S. 119, to prohibit profiteering and fraud relating to military action, relief, and reconstruction Joint Meetings efforts, S. 621, to establish commissions to review the Joint Hearing: Senate Committee on Armed Services, facts and circumstances surrounding injustices suffered by with the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, to hold joint European Americans, European Latin Americans, and hearings to examine testimony on the Departments of Jewish refugees during World War II, S. 735, to amend Defense and Veterans Affairs disability rating systems and title 18, United States Code, to improve the terrorist the transition of service members from the Department of hoax statute, S. 236, to require reports to Congress on Defense to the Department of Veterans Affairs, 9:30 a.m., Federal agency use of data mining, H.R. 740, to amend SH–216. title 18, United States Code, to prevent caller ID spoof- Joint Hearing: Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs, ing, S. Res. 112, designating April 6, 2007, as ‘‘National with the Committee on Armed Services, to hold joint Missing Persons Day’’, and the nominations of Robert hearings to examine testimony on the Departments of Gideon Howard, Jr., of Arkansas, to be United States Defense and Veterans Affairs disability rating systems and Marshal for the Eastern District of Arkansas, Frederick J. the transition of service members from the Department of Kapala, of Illinois, to be United States District Judge for Defense to the Department of Veterans Affairs, 9:30 a.m., the Northern District of Illinois, Halil Suleyman SH–216.

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Next Meeting of the SENATE Next Meeting of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 9:30 a.m., Thursday, April 12 2 p.m., Monday, April 16

Senate Chamber House Chamber Program for Thursday: After the transaction of any Program for Monday: To be announced morning business (not to extend beyond 60 minutes), Senate will vote on the motion to invoke cloture on the motion to proceed to consideration of S. 372, Intelligence Authorization Act.

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