DOCSLIB.ORG

Keong Mangrove Cassidula Angulifera (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) Di Pantai Payum Merauke Papua Indonesia: Struktur Populasi, Karakte

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Keong Mangrove Cassidula Angulifera (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) Di Pantai Payum Merauke Papua Indonesia: Struktur Populasi, Karakte DOI: 10.47349/jbi/17012021/47 Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 17(1): 47-56 (2021) Keong Mangrove Cassidula angulifera (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) di Pantai Payum Merauke Papua Indonesia: Struktur Populasi, Karakteristik Lingkungan dan Faktor Penentu Distribusi serta Kepadatannya (Mangrove Snail Cassidula angulifera (Gastropod: Ellobiidae) at Payum Merauke Beach Papua Indonesia: Population Structure, Environmental Characteristics and Determining Factors for Distribution and Density) Syahrial1*, Dandi Saleky2, & Sendy L. Merly2 1Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Utara 2Jurusan Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Musamus, Merauke Papua *E-mail: [email protected] Memasukkan: Januari 2021, Diterima: Februari 2021. ABSTRACT Coastal ecosystems have high biodiversity, where Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest diversity of marine organisms in the world, so the study of mangrove snails Cassidula angulifera (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) has been conducted in September 2020 on the beach Payum Merauke Regency Papua Province with the aim as a basic data in mangrove management in Indonesia, especially in Merauke Regency which is reviewed from population structure, environmental characteristics and determining factors of distribution and density of mangrove snail C. angulifera. Data of mangrove conch C. angulifera and mangrove forest Payum Merauke beach collected by making transect lines and plots drawn from the reference point (outer mangrove stand) and perpendicular to the shoreline to the mainland. Furthermore, to find out the environmental and factors that determine the distribution and density of mangrove snails C. angulifera on the beach Payum Merauke Regency of Papua Province analyzed using PCA. The results showed that for the population structure, the highest density of mangrove snail C. angulifera is at Station 2 (40.67 ind/m2), while the lowest is at Station 3 (5 ind/ m2), then the distribution pattern is classified as uniform (Iδ < 1). For environmental characteristics of mangrove snail C. angulifera on the beach Payum Merauke Regency of Papua Province shows that the density of mangroves is classified as high (> 1000 ind/ha), the water temperature ranges from 28.33 - 31.67°C, DO 5.60 – 7.67 mg/L, pH 6.83 – 7.53, salinity 29.33 – 30.00‰, and form two groups. As for the determining factor of distribution and density of mangrove snails C. angulifera on the beach Payum Merauke Regency of Papua Province is influenced by water temperature, DO, and mangrove density. Keywords: snail, gastropod, mangrove, Cassidula angulifera, Payum beach, Merauke ABSTRAK Ekosistem pesisir memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, dimana Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan keragaman organisme laut tertinggi di dunia, sehingga kajian keong mangrove Cassidula angulifera (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) telah dilakukan pada bulan September 2020 di pantai Payum Kabupaten Merauke Provinsi Papua dengan tujuan sebagai data dasar dalam pengelolaan mangrove di Indonesia khususnya di Kabupaten Merauke yang ditinjau dari struktur populasi, karakteristik lingkungan maupun faktor penentu distribusi dan kepadatan keong mangrove C. angulifera. Data keong mangrove C. angulifera dan hutan mangrove pantai Payum Merauke dikumpulkan dengan membuat transek garis dan plot yang ditarik dari titik acuan (tegakan mangrove terluar) dan tegak lurus garis pantai sampai ke daratan. Selanjutnya, untuk mengetahui penciri lingkungan dan faktor yang menentukan distribusi maupun kepadatan keong mangrove C. angulifera di pantai Payum Kabupaten Merauke Provinsi Papua dianalisis menggunakan PCA. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa untuk struktur populasinya, kepadatan keong mangrove C. angulifera tertinggi berada pada Stasiun 2 (40,67 ind/m2), sedangkan terendahnya berada pada Stasiun 3 (5 ind/m2) dengan pola penyebarannya tergolong seragam (I < 1). Selanjutnya, untuk karakteristik lingkungan keong mangrove C. angulifera di pantai Payum Kabupaten Merauke Provinsi Papua memperlihatkan bahwa kerapatan mangrovenya tergolong tinggi (> 1000 ind/ha), suhu perairan berkisar antara 28,33 – 31,67°C, DO 5,60 – 7,67 mg/L, pH 6,83 – 7,53, salinitas 29,33 – 30,00‰ dengan penciri lingkungannya membentuk 2 kelompok. Sementara untuk faktor penentu distribusi maupun kepadatan keong mangrove C. angulifera di pantai Payum Kabupaten Merauke Provinsi Papua dipengaruhi oleh suhu perairan, DO dan kerapatan mangrove. Kata Kunci: keong, gastropoda, mangrove, Cassidula angulifera, pantai Payum, Merauke 47 Syahrial dkk. PENDAHULUAN al. 2010) dengan biodiversitasnya terdiri dari 84 spesies secara global yang tergolong ke dalam Mangrove menyediakan berbagai layanan 24 genus dan 16 famili. Tujuh puluh (70) spesies ekosistem (Barbier et al. 2011; Lee et al. 2014), dengan 16 genus dan 11 famili merupakan dimana fungsi mangrove yang terpenting adalah mangrove sejati, sedangkan 14 spesies dengan 8 sebagai daerah penghubung antara daratan dan genus dan 5 famili termasuk mangrove ikutan lautan (Purnobasuki 2011), sedangkan secara (Wu et al. 2008). Namun, saat ini hutan umumnya, mangrove berfungsi sebagai daerah mangrove telah mengalami kerusakan/ nursery ground, spawning ground dan feeding kehilangan yang sangat besar/tinggi (Menendez ground bagi semua biota yang berasosiasi di et al. 2020) yaitu menurun dari 139.777 km2 dalamnya (Schaduw 2019). Selain itu, fungsi pada tahun 2000 menjadi 131.931 km2 pada mangrove juga dikelompokkan menjadi tiga tahun 2014 (Hamilton & Casey 2016), sehingga kategori yaitu secara fisik, biologi dan sosial laju deforestasi hutan mangrove lebih tinggi ekonomi (Eddy et al. 2015). Untuk secara daripada hutan global (Giri et al. 2007; FAO fisiknya, mangrove berfungsi sebagai pertahanan 2007) dan mangrove yang tersisa akibat adaptif yang dapat mengimbangi kenaikan degradasi, bisa menjadi fungsional yang paling permukaan air laut (Krauss et al. 2014), berharga pada abad ke-21 nanti (Duke et al. mengurangi gelombang laut maupun badai serta 2007; Polidoro et al. 2010). sebagai garis pertahanan pertama dalam Menurut Ariyanto et al. (2018) keong melawan banjir dan erosi (Menendez et al. mangrove Cassidula angulifera merupakan 2020), menjebak benda-benda yang diangkut salah satu kelompok gastropoda primitif yang oleh arus laut yang mengambang (seperti benda mendominasi di daerah tropis, dimana secara plastik) (Martin et al. 2019) hingga sebagai ekologis dan fisiologisnya, C. angulifera dapat penahan lumpur serta perangkap sedimen yang hidup di daerah transisi antara laut dan darat diangkut oleh aliran air permukaan dan serta mampu bertahan terhadap perubahan pencegah intrusi air laut ke daratan (Lasibani & lingkungan (Bremner 2008). Pada ekositem Kamal 2010). Sementara secara biologinya, mangrove, keong mangrove C. angulifera mangrove berfungsi sebagai penyimpan karbon mempunyai keterkaitan yang kuat dengan tegakan (Murdiyarso et al. 2015; Kelleway et al. 2016), mangrove Rhizophora stylosa, kemudian keong penyedia layanan untuk perikanan (Benzeev et mangrove C. angulifera yang berukuran besar al. 2017; Goecke & Carstenn 2017), produksi lebih menyukai substrat yang bertipe lempung pakan untuk ikan (Murdiyarso et al. 2015) daripada pasir, sedangkan yang berukuran kecil hingga pemurnian air (Feagin et al. 2010). dan sedang lebih menyukai substrat bertipe Selanjutnya untuk sosial ekonomi, mangrove pasir daripada lempung (Ariyanto et al. 2018). berfungsi sebagai penghasil kayu (Lasibani & Selanjutnya, keong mangrove C. angulifera Kamal 2010; Murdiyarso et al. 2015), memiliki nama sinonim Auricula angulifera penunjang jasa ekosistem bagi pariwisata (Petit de la Saussaye, 1841) (Adams & Adams (Costanza et al. 2014), daerah penangkapan 1854; WoRMS 2021) dan A. subrepta perikanan (Lasibani & Kamal 2010) serta sebagai (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1848) (WoRMS 2021) penyedia makanan, minuman dan obat-obatan dengan ukuran cangkangnya berkisar antara 25 (Alongi 2002; Lasibani & Kamal 2010). – 35 mm yang tersebar di Sri Lanka, Terlepas dari hal di atas, mangrove merupakan Queensland (Australia) hingga Indonesia spesies tumbuhan yang mendominasi di lahan basah (Gastropods 2021). OBIS (2021) menyatakan pesisir pada daerah tropis dan meluas ke garis bahwa keong mangrove C. angulifera tergolong lintang yang lebih tinggi serta meningkatkan ke dalam Kingdom Animalia, Filum Moluska, jangkauannya ke batas kisaran kutub (Saintilan Kelas Gastropoda, Subkelas Heterobranchia, et al. 2014), dimana mangrove mampu Infrakelas Euthyneura, Subterkelas Tectipleura, mentolerir kadar garam air laut (Wang et al. Superordo Eupulmonata, Ordo Ellobiida, 2020) serta mampu tumbuh berkembang di Superfamili Ellobioidea, Famili Ellobiidae, substrat yang bersifat asam dan anoksik (Reid et Subfamili Pythiinae dan Genus Cassidula. 48 Keong Mangrove Cassidula angulifera (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) di Pantai Payum Kajian terhadap moluska di Indonesia daratan (Ernanto et al. 2010), dimana transek bagian timur telah dilakukan oleh Heryanto & garis dibuat petak-petak contoh (plot) dengan Radjab (2014) dari Kai Maluku dan Heryanto ukuran 10 x 10 m dan di dalam ukuran 10 x 10 (2018) dari P. Tanimbar, namun kajian m tersebut dibuat plot kecil (subplot) yang terhadap keong mangrove C. angulifera masih berukuran 1 x 1 m sebanyak 5 subplot. Tiap sangat minim dan/atau masih sangat sedikit stasiun terdiri dari 3 plot dan tiap plot terdiri dilakukan, terutama di Indonesia dan Kabupaten dari 5 subplot, sehingga jumlah subplot Merauke Papua, dimana hingga saat ini masih keseluruhannya adalah
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bab Iv Hasil Penelitian Dan Pembahasan
    BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan Tahap 1 1. Kondisi Faktor Abiotik Ekosistem perairan dapat dipengaruhi oleh suatu kesatuan faktor lingkungan, yaitu biotik dan abiotik. Faktor abiotik merupakan faktor alam non-organisme yang mempengaruhi proses perkembangan dan pertumbuhan makhluk hidup. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis faktor abiotik berupa faktor kimia dan fisika. Faktor kimia meliputi derajat keasaman (pH). Sedangkan faktor fisika meliputi suhu dan salinitas air laut. Hasil pengukuran suhu, salinitas, dan pH dapat dilihat sebagai tabel berikut: Tabel 4.1 Faktor Abiotik Pantai Peh Pulo Kabupaten Blitar Faktor Abiotik No. Letak Substrat Suhu Salinitas Ph P1 29,8 20 7 Berbatu dan Berpasir S1 1. P2 30,1 23 7 Berbatu dan Berpasir P3 30,5 28 7 Berbatu dan Berpasir 2. P1 29,7 38 8 Berbatu dan Berpasir S2 P2 29,7 40 7 Berbatu dan Berpasir P3 29,7 33 7 Berbatu dan Berpasir 3. P1 30,9 41 7 Berbatu dan Berpasir S3 P2 30,3 42 8 Berbatu dan Berpasir P3 30,1 41 7 Berbatu dan Berpasir 77 78 Tabel 4.2 Rentang Nilai Faktor Abiotik Pantai Peh Pulo Faktor Abiotik Nilai Suhu (˚C) 29,7-30,9 Salinitas (%) 20-42 Ph 7-8 Berdasarkan pengukuran faktor abiotik lingkungan, masing-masing stasiun pengambilan data memiliki nilai yang berbeda. Hal ini juga mempengaruhi kehidupan gastropoda yang ditemukan. Kehidupan gastropoda sangat dipengaruhi oleh besarnya nilai suhu. Suhu normal untuk kehidupan gastropoda adalah 26-32˚C.80 Sedangkan menurut Sutikno, suhu sangat mempengaruhi proses metabolisme suatu organisme, gastropoda dapat melakukan proses metabolisme optimal pada kisaran suhu antara 25- 32˚C.
    [Show full text]
  • (Approx) Mixed Micro Shells (22G Bags) Philippines € 10,00 £8,64 $11,69 Each 22G Bag Provides Hours of Fun; Some Interesting Foraminifera Also Included
    Special Price £ US$ Family Genus, species Country Quality Size Remarks w/o Photo Date added Category characteristic (€) (approx) (approx) Mixed micro shells (22g bags) Philippines € 10,00 £8,64 $11,69 Each 22g bag provides hours of fun; some interesting Foraminifera also included. 17/06/21 Mixed micro shells Ischnochitonidae Callistochiton pulchrior Panama F+++ 89mm € 1,80 £1,55 $2,10 21/12/16 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Chaetopleura lurida Panama F+++ 2022mm € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 Hairy girdles, beautifully preserved. Web 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Ischnochiton textilis South Africa F+++ 30mm+ € 4,00 £3,45 $4,68 30/04/21 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Ischnochiton textilis South Africa F+++ 27.9mm € 2,80 £2,42 $3,27 30/04/21 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Stenoplax limaciformis Panama F+++ 16mm+ € 6,50 £5,61 $7,60 Uncommon. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura gemmata Philippines F+++ 25mm+ € 2,50 £2,16 $2,92 Hairy margins, beautifully preserved. 04/08/17 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura gemmata Australia F+++ 25mm+ € 2,60 £2,25 $3,04 02/06/18 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura granulata Panama F+++ 41mm+ € 4,00 £3,45 $4,68 West Indian 'fuzzy' chiton. Web 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura granulata Panama F+++ 32mm+ € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 West Indian 'fuzzy' chiton. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F+++ 44mm+ € 5,00 £4,32 $5,85 Caribbean. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F++ 35mm € 2,50 £2,16 $2,92 Caribbean. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F+++ 29mm+ € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 Caribbean.
    [Show full text]
  • Based on Food Sources in Mangrove Ecosystem
    Plant Archives Vol. 19 No. 1, 2019 pp. 913-916 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 FOOD PREFERENCE ON TELESCOPIUM TELESCOPIUM (MOLLUSCA : GASTROPODA) BASED ON FOOD SOURCES IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM Dafit Ariyanto Department of Aquaculture, Agricultural Faculty, Asahan University, Kisaran, North Sumatera, 21224 Indonesia. Abstract Bacteria has a important role on mechanism nutrition and energy on ecosystem. The research was conducted September 2016 – July 2017. This purpose research was to determine a various food type on gastropods in mangrove ecosystem. The relationship between gastropod and mangrove productivity using Correspondence Analysis (CA). the sediment was taken with depth ± 10 cm and leaf litter was taken a litter trap 1 m x 1 m. The result showed that based on a chain food cycle that happened in mangrove ecosystem and tropic level. Gastropod T. telescopium choosed a food on mangrove sediment. T. telescopium has a similiar in bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Key words : Bacteria, leaf litter, mollusca, soil sediment. Introduction Bacteria can be found on marine organisms. Banggi coast is located on the North Coast of Java, Gastropods have the highest abundance in the mangrove Central Java, Indonesia. The Banggi coast in Rembang, ecosystem. Gastropods perform symbiosis at various Central Java is fringed by various species of mangrove tropical levels to adapt with environmental conditions. such as Rhizophora mucronata Lam., Rhizophora Gastropods demonstrate a variety of feeding and apiculata Blume, Rhizophora stylosa Griff and morphological strategies and are found in areas that utilize Sonneratia alba Sm (Ariyanto et al., 2018a). The many food sources so that there will be a symbiosis mangrove ecosystem is a region rich in organic matter.
    [Show full text]
  • 24 Relationships Within the Ellobiidae
    Origin atld evoltctiorzai-y radiatiotz of the Mollrisca (ed. J. Taylor) pp. 285-294, Oxford University Press. O The Malacological Sociery of London 1996 R. Clarke. 24 paleozoic .ine sna~ls. RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE ELLOBIIDAE ANTONIO M. DE FRIAS MARTINS Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Aqores, P-9502 Porzta Delgada, S6o Miguel, Agores, Portugal ssification , MusCum r Curie. INTRODUCTION complex, and an assessment is made of its relevance in :eny and phylogenetic relationships. 'ulmonata: The Ellobiidae are a group of primitive pulmonate gastropods, Although not treated in this paper, conchological features (apertural dentition, inner whorl resorption and protoconch) . in press. predominantly tropical. Mostly halophilic, they live above the 28s rRNA high-tide mark on mangrove regions, salt-marshes and rolled- and radular morphology were studied also and reference to ~t limpets stone shores. One subfamily, the Carychiinae, is terrestrial, them will be made in the Discussion. inhabiting the forest leaf-litter on mountains throughout ago1 from the world. MATERIAL AND METHODS 'finities of The Ellobiidae were elevated to family rank by Lamarck (1809) under the vernacular name "Les AuriculacCes", The anatomy of 35 species representing 19 genera was ~Ctiquedu properly latinized to Auriculidae by Gray (1840). Odhner studied (Table 24.1). )llusques). (1925), in a revision of the systematics of the family, preferred For the most part the animals were immersed directly in sciences, H. and A. Adarns' name Ellobiidae (in Pfeiffer, 1854). which 70% ethanol. Some were relaxed overnight in isotonic MgCl, ochemical has been in general use since that time. and then preserved in 70% ethanol. A reduced number of Grouping of the increasingly growing number of genera in specimens of most species was fixed in Bouin's, serially Gebriider the family was based mostly on conchological characters.
    [Show full text]
  • Gross Anatomy of the Reproductive System of Freshwater Pulmonate Snail Lymnaea Acuminata (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)
    © 2018 JETIR December 2018, Volume 5, Issue 12 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) GROSS ANATOMY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF FRESHWATER PULMONATE SNAIL LYMNAEA ACUMINATA (GASTROPODA: PULMONATA) Pande GS1, Patil MU2 and Sherkhane UD*3 1Department of Zoology, Ahmednagar College, Agmednagar-414001 (M. S.) India.. 2Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431004 (M. S.) India. 3*Department of Zoology, New Arts, Commerce and Science College, Agmednagar-414001 (M.S.) India.. Corresponding Author: *3 Sherkhane UD, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The present research paper provides an account of gross anatomy of reproductive system in snail L. acuminata. Results obtained shows that the reproductive system of L. acuminata consists of three divisions: (1) The ovotestis or hermaphroditic gland and its duct i.e., the hermaphroditic duct, (2) The female genital tract and (3) The male genital tract. The female duct system consists of the oviduct, the uterus, the vagina and associated accessory glands which include the albumen gland, the muciparous gland and oothecal gland. The male duct system consists of the vas efferens, the prostate gland, vas deferens and the copulatory organ the Penial complex. We hope that the results obtained will be highly useful to understand reproductive anatomy and taxonomy of freshwater gastropods. Key Words: Lymnaea acuminata, Anatomy, Reproductive system. INTRODUCTION Freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea acuminata Lamarck, 1822 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) is abundantly available in various parts of Indian subcontinent (Subba Rao, 1989). The reproductive system of freshwater gastropods varies greatly from one group to another and their reproductive strategies also vary greatly. A considerable diversity exists in the internal anatomy of the reproductive tracts of gastropods which is of taxonomic importance.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedipedinae (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) from Hong Kong
    The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China III (ed. B. Morton). Proceedings of the Fourth International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 11-29 April 1989. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1992. PEDIPEDINAE (GASTROPODA: ELLOBIIDAE) FROM HONG KONG Ant6nio M. de Frias Martins Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos A~ores,P-9502 Ponta Delgada, Siio Miguel, A~ores,Portugal ABSTRACT Two species of Pedipedinae are recorded for the first time from Hong Kong and are here provisionally referred to as Pedipes jouani Montrouzier, 1862 and Microtralia alba (Gassies, 1865), described from New Caledonia. A descriptive study of the reproductive and nervous systems was conducted and confirms previous studies that both genera are consubfamilial. The distribution and dispersal of the species is discussed. INTRODUCTION The Indo-Pacific Ellobiidae are particularly well represented by conspicuous, mangrove- dwelling, macroscopic species, relatively few of which have been studied anatomically. Koslowsky (1933) presented a detailed description of Melampus boholensis 'H. and A. Adams' Pfeiffer, 1856. Morton (1955) described the anatomy of Pythia Roding, 1798, Ellobium Roding, 1798 [E.aurisjudae (L. 1758)l and of the small pedipedinian Marinula King, 1832 [M.filholi Hutton, 18781. Knipper and Meyer (1956) provided good illus- trations of the nervous systems of Ellobium (Auriculodes) gaziensis (Preston, 1913), Cassidula labrella (Deshayes, 1830) and Melampus semisulcatus Mousson, 1869. Cassidula Fhssac, 1821, Ellobium and Pythia were discussed by Beny et al. (1967) and Sumikawa and Miura (1978) studied in detail the reproductive system of Ellobium chinense (Pfeiffer, 1854).
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Vegetation Configuration in Coastal
    Biology Department Research Group Terrestrial Ecology _____________________________________________________________________________________ THE IMPORTANCE OF VEGETATION CONFIGURATION IN COASTAL DUNES TO PRESERVE DIVERSITY OF MARRAM- ASSOCIATED INVERTEBRATES IS HABITAT CONFIGURATION A DRIVER OF DIVERSITY IN DUNES? Noëmie Van den Bon Studentnumber: 01506438 Supervisor(s): Prof. Dr. Dries Bonte Dr. Martijn Vandegehuchte Scientific tutor: Ruben Van De Walle Master’s dissertation submitted to obtain the degree of Master of Science in Biology Academic year: 2019 - 2020 © Faculty of Sciences – research group Terrestrial Ecology All rights reserved. This thesis contains confidential information and confidential research results that are property to the UGent. The contents of this master thesis may under no circumstances be made public, nor complete or partial, without the explicit and preceding permission of the UGent representative, i.e. the supervisor. The thesis may under no circumstances be copied or duplicated in any form, unless permission granted in written form. Any violation of the confidential nature of this thesis may impose irreparable damage to the UGent. In case of a dispute that may arise within the context of this declaration, the Judicial Court of Gent only is competent to be notified. 2 Table of content 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. The status of biodiversity and ecosystems ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Running Head 'Biology of Mangroves'
    BIOLOGY OF MANGROVES AND MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS 1 Biology of Mangroves and Mangrove Ecosystems ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY VOL 40: 81-251 (2001) K. Kathiresan1 and B.L. Bingham2 1Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, India 2Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA e-mail [email protected] (correponding author) 1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 4 1.1. Preface........................................................................................ 4 1.2. Definition ................................................................................... 5 1.3. Global distribution ..................................................................... 5 2. History and Evolution ............................................................................. 10 2.1. Historical background ................................................................ 10 2.2. Evolution.................................................................................... 11 3. Biology of mangroves 3.1. Taxonomy and genetics.............................................................. 12 3.2. Anatomy..................................................................................... 15 3.3. Physiology ................................................................................. 18 3.4. Biochemistry ............................................................................. 20 3.5. Pollination
    [Show full text]
  • Komposisi Dan Kelimpahan Gastropoda Pada Ekosistem Mangrove Di Desa Kaliwlingi Dan Sawojajar, Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah
    Journal of Marine Research Vol 9, No.1 Februari 2020, pp. 41-48 DOI : 10.14710/jmr.v9i1.26104 EISSN: 2407-7690 https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jmr Komposisi dan Kelimpahan Gastropoda pada Ekosistem Mangrove di Desa Tireman, Kabupaten Rembang, Jawa Tengah Yuli Laraswati*, Nirwani Soenardjo, Wilis Ari Setyati Departemen Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Prof H.Soedharto S H, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275 Indonesia *Corresponding author, e-mail : [email protected] ABSTRAK : Ekosistem mangrove memiliki manfaat sebagai tempat mencari makan serta habitat bagi organisme, mislanya gastropoda. Gastropoda di ekosistem mangrove berperan dalam proses dekomposisi yaitu dengan mencacah daun menjadi lebih kecil, yang kemudian dilanjutkan oleh mikroorganisme. Kepadatan gastropoda dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan yang terdapat pada ekosistem dan dapat memberikan efek pada kelangsungan hidup gastropoda. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas gastropoda pada ekosistem mangrove Desa Tireman Kecamatan Rembang, Jawa Tengah. Metode penentuan lokasi sampling menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada 3 lokasi dengan kerapatan mangrove yang berbeda. Pengambilan sampel gastropoda dilakukan dalam transek 5 x 5m dan sampel yang didapat kemudian disortir, diawetkan dan diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 9 spesies gastropoda termasuk kedalam 3 famili yaitu Casidula nucleus, C. aurisfelis (Ellobiidae), Littoraria scabra, L. carinifera, L. Melanostama (Littorinidae), Cerithidea quadrata, C. cingulata, C. alata, Telescopium telescopium (Potamididae). Spesies yang paling sering ditemukan adalah Cassidula aurisfelis dan Cassidula nucleus. Nilai rata-rata kelimpahan berkisar antara 6,28-5,72 ind/m2. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman termasuk ke dalam kategori rendah hingga sedang. Nilai rata-rata indeks keseragaman termasuk kedalam kategori rendah (0.15-0.27).
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Cycle in an Ellobiid Snail Cassidula Nucleus A
    Indian J. Fish., 45(3) : 301-305, Jul.-Sep., 1998 Reproductive cycle in an ellobiid snail Cassidula nucleus A. SHANMUGAM Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Parangipettai - 608 502, India ABSTRACT The histology of the ovotestis and the reproductive cycle of Cassidula nucleus which shows protandry were studied. This ellobiid snail attains the first sexual maturity at a size of 16.0 mm (shell length). Since it is a protandric hermaphrodite the male and female genital ducts are fully developed alternatively. The male phase starts in September (premonsoon) when the male reproductive system is fully developed. The female reproductive ducts start developing in November (monsoon). Upto the end of January (postmonsoon) the bursa copulatrix is filled with mucous only. The penis and the anterior part of the vas deferens are distinct during the male phase only. From February onwards copulation takes place, mostly during night. Following this, the egg-laying starts from middle of April (first part of summer season) and extends for another month. In the beginning of July the snails enter into the spent stage and remain upto August during which time no sex cells are present in the ovotestis. The cycle is repeated for the subsequent year. Introduction collected from Pichavaram mangroves (Lat. 11° 29'N; Long. 79° 49'E) (Fig. 1) Though many studies are available for one year. Five hundred snails were on the reproductive cycle of the pul- dissected to study the ovotestis, in fresh monate snails in other waters, Morton, condition, for the sex and maturity 1954, 1955a, 1955b; Duncan, 1959, stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Johannes Thiele and His Contributions to Zoology. Part 2. Genus-Group Names (Mollusca)
    NEMOURIA Occasional Papers of the Delaware Museum of Natural History NUMBER 39 SEPTEMBER 30, 1991 JOHANNES THIELE AND HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY. PART 2. GENUS-GROUP NAMES (MOLLUSCA) Kenneth J. Boss 1 and Rudiger Bieler2 ABSTRACT. This is the second part of a series on the German zoologist Johannes Thiele (1860-1935) and comprises a critical listing of the genus-group taxa which he described as new to malacology. Each of these names is accompanied by author and bibliographic references, original status, type-species with its original binominal spelling and bibliographic source and some data on subsequent taxonomic placements. Thiele introduced a total of 291 such names in the Phylum Mollusca, distributed as follows: 11 Aplacophora; 39 Polyplacophora; 200 Gastropoda (138 Prosobranchia; 20 Opisthobranchia and 42 Pulmonata); 31 Bivalvia; 10 Cephalopoda; there were no new scaphopod or monoplacophoran names. Of these, later authors recognized as valid 85 at the generic level, 110 at the subgeneric level; 71 are considered to be synonyms, and the remaining 25 are unjustified emendations or errors. INTRODUCTION As part of a series on the scientific contributions of Johannes Thiele, the eminent German zoologist, we provide here an alphabetical listing and analysis of all the genus-group taxa introduced by him in his publications on mollusks as delineated by Bieler & Boss (1989). A total of 291 names is included in the following format: (1) genus-group name; (2) author(s); (3) year of publication; (4) condensed bibliographic reference; (5) original status as given by Thiele; (6) subsequent status 1Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Serial Publication Cambridge, Massachussetts 02138, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • GONAD DEVELOPMENT, GONAD INDEX and CONDITION INDEX of MARSH CLAM Polymesoda Epansa Mousson from MIRI, MALAYSIA
    UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA GONAD DEVELOPMENT, GONAD INDEX AND CONDITION INDEX OF MARSH CLAM Polymesoda epansa Mousson FROM MIRI, MALAYSIA AZIMAH ABDUL RAHIM FSPM 2014 8 GONAD DEVELOPMENT, GONAD INDEX,DEX,EX, ANDAND CONDITION INDEX OF MARSH CLAMAMA PolymePolymesodalymeesoda expansa Mousson FROM MIRI, MALAYSIAALAYSIAUPMA By AZIMAHZIMAH BINBINTBINTIT ABDUL RAHIM Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science CO October 2014 © All material contained within the thesis, including without limitation text, logos, icons, photographs and all other artwork, is copyright material of Universiti Putra Malaysia unless otherwise stated. Use may be made of any material contained within the thesis for non-commercial purposes from the copyright holder. Commercial use of material may only be made with the express, prior, written permission of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Copyright © Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM CO © Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science GONAD DEVELOPMENT, GONAD INDEX, AND CONDITION INDEX OF MARSH CLAM Polymesoda expansa Mousson FROM MIRI, MALAYSIA By AZIMAH BINTI ABDUL RAHIM October 2014 Chairman: Mohd Hanafi Idris, PhD UPM Faculty: Agriculture and Food Sciences (Bintulu)tulu)ulu) The research study was conducted at Kelulit mangrove,ma rove Sibuti, Miri from October 2010 until November 2011. Monthlyhlyly sampling hasha been done by recording and collecting data and samples fromm the study arearea. Further analysis for histological studies and condition index werere brought to the llaboratory at UPM Bintulu Campus. The IUCN Red list hasass stated PolymesodaPolymes expansa as a least concern.
    [Show full text]