(MCV) Interpretive Summary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Mean Cell Volume (MCV) Interpretive Summary Description: Mean Cell Volume (MCV) is a measure of the average size or volume of the red blood cells (RBCs) in whole blood. Decreased MCV Common Causes Iron deficiency Liver disease o Portosystemic shunt o Liver failure Asian dog breed microcytosis (Akita, Shiba Inu, Jindo, Tosa, Chow Chow, Shar Pei) Young animals (kittens, foals) typically have lower MCVs than adults Uncommon Causes Abnormal red blood cell morphology o Fragmented red blood cells o Spherocytes Vitamin B6 deficiency Low serum sodium Related Findings Iron deficiency o Positive fecal ova and parasites o Positive fecal occult blood o Decreased serum iron, decreased ferritin, normal total iron biding capacity (TIBC) Liver disease o Increased ALT, ALP, bile acids o Decreased BUN, albumin, cholesterol, glucose Increased MCV Common Causes Regenerative anemia FeLV infection Artifact o Agglutination of RBCs o Cell swelling . Aged samples . Short samples (low blood to EDTA ratio) Uncommon Causes Hereditary Poodle macrocytosis Vitamin B12 deficiency o Genetic in Giant Schnauzers o Severe GI disease Myelodysplastic disorders Generated by VetConnect® PLUS: Mean Cell Volume (MCV) Page 1 of 2 Related Findings Regenerative anemia o Increased reticulocytes Positive FeLV serology or PCR Additional Information Diagnostic Methodology Automated hematology analyzers measure the MCV directly; however traditionally the MCV was calculated with the equation: PCV x 10/RBC count (106). References Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, eds. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000. Latimer KS, Mahaffey EA, Prasse KW, eds. Duncan and Prasse's Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology, 4th ed. Ames, IA: Blackwell; 2003. Nelson RW, Couto CG, eds. Small Animal Internal Medicine, 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Elsevier; 2009 Stockham SL, Scott MA. Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2nd ed. Ames, IA: Blackwell; 2008. Willard MD, Tvedten H, eds. Small Animal Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods, 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders; 2004. Last updated 11/1/2013 Generated by VetConnect® PLUS: Mean Cell Volume (MCV) Page 2 of 2 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Clinical Pathology Interpretation Barbara Horney
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PATHOLOGIE CLINIQUE Clinical pathology interpretation Barbara Horney History, physical examination, and Table 1. Hematologic findings from a lethargic, laboratory findings 4-year-old schipperke 4-year-old, spayed female, schipperke was pre- Blood cell count Reference range A sented because of mild lethargy. Pale mucous mem- White blood cells branes were observed on physical examination. Table 1 (WBC) gives the results of the hematological examination of Total 6.0 X 109/L 6.0-17.1 X 109/L blood at Differential samples taken this time. No significant abnor- segmented 65% 3.85 X 109/L 3.6-11.5 X 109/L malities were identified on the serum biochemical neutrophils profile. eosinophils 2% 0.12 X 109/L 0.01-1.25 X 109/L lymphocytes 27% 1.59 X 109/L 1.0-4.8 X 109/L Interpretation and discussion monocytes 6% 0.35 X 109/L 0.15-1.35 X 109/L Red blood cells The hematology results can be summarized as severe, Total 1.2 X 1012/L 5.5-8.5 X 109/L microcytic, normochromic, nonregenerative anemia nucleated 1/100 WBC <1-2 per 100 WBC associated with marked spherocytosis. spherocytes 4+ microcytosis 2+ The presence of spherocytes is often associated with immune-mediated hemolytic disease [1,2], although Platelets estimated normal hereditary membrane defects [3] and zinc toxicosis [4] in number can also result in spherocyte formation. A direct antibody Reticulocytes 0 X 109/L up to 120 X 109/L test (Coomb's test) was weakly positive. This finding can Hemoglobin 22 g/L 120-180 g/L support the tentative diagnosis of anemia of immune- Hematocrit 0.068 L/L 0.37-0.55 L/L mediated etiology, although this test is subject to both Mean corpuscular false positive and false negative results [2,5].
[Show full text]
Dog Breeds of the World
Dog Breeds of the World Get your own copy of this book Visit: www.plexidors.com Call: 800-283-8045 Written by: Maria Sadowski PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors 4523 30th St West #E502 Bradenton, FL 34207 http://www.plexidors.com Dog Breeds of the World is written by Maria Sadowski Copyright @2015 by PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors Published in the United States of America August 2015 All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopying, recording, or by any information retrieval and storage system without permission from PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors. Stock images from canstockphoto.com, istockphoto.com, and dreamstime.com Dog Breeds of the World It isn’t possible to put an exact number on the Does breed matter? dog breeds of the world, because many varieties can be recognized by one breed registration The breed matters to a certain extent. Many group but not by another. The World Canine people believe that dog breeds mostly have an Organization is the largest internationally impact on the outside of the dog, but through the accepted registry of dog breeds, and they have ages breeds have been created based on wanted more than 340 breeds. behaviors such as hunting and herding. Dog breeds aren’t scientifical classifications; they’re It is important to pick a dog that fits the family’s groupings based on similar characteristics of lifestyle. If you want a dog with a special look but appearance and behavior. Some breeds have the breed characterics seem difficult to handle you existed for thousands of years, and others are fairly might want to look for a mixed breed dog.
[Show full text]
Chow Chow Breed Council Health Survey 2009
CHOW CHOW BREED COUNCIL HEALTH SURVEY 2009 Pauline Lock Health Officer for the Chow Chow Breed Council Report in full Page 1 Table of Contents Abstract Page 3 Introduction Page 3 Method Page 4 Results Page 5 Section A page 6 Section B page 7 Section C page 8 Discussion Page 10 Conclusion Page 12 Appendix 1 Glossary Page 13 Appendix 2 Annex B (KC) Page 19 Report in full Page 2 Abstract This study looks at owner’s perceptions of the overall health of the chow with a focus on the hereditary conditions identified by the Kennel Club to be associated with the Chow Chow. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data. The findings were subjective and qualitative rather than quantitative and provided an indication which areas gave more cause for concern and which areas owners had little or no awareness of. The survey has been successful in its main aim to identify those areas that require further investigation by the Breed Council and has also identified some areas where owners may benefit by making more information about particular conditions. Introduction Towards the end of 2008 the Kennel Club contacted all the Chow Chow Breed Clubs asking the clubs to “review the health information contained in Annex B” which relates to statistics collated from insurance claims which indicated that the most common claims are for “Cruciate ligaments, Skin Disorders, and Entropion”. The second area where information relating to genetic conditions found in the Chow Chow was scientific literature where a further eighteen conditions were identified (see appendix 1& 2) but no indication was given as to how frequently any of these conditions occur in the breed.
[Show full text]
Dog Breeds in Groups
Dog Facts: Dog Breeds & Groups Terrier Group Hound Group A breed is a relatively homogeneous group of animals People familiar with this Most hounds share within a species, developed and maintained by man. All Group invariably comment the common ancestral dogs, impure as well as pure-bred, and several wild cousins on the distinctive terrier trait of being used for such as wolves and foxes, are one family. Each breed was personality. These are feisty, en- hunting. Some use created by man, using selective breeding to get desired ergetic dogs whose sizes range acute scenting powers to follow qualities. The result is an almost unbelievable diversity of from fairly small, as in the Nor- a trail. Others demonstrate a phe- purebred dogs which will, when bred to others of their breed folk, Cairn or West Highland nomenal gift of stamina as they produce their own kind. Through the ages, man designed White Terrier, to the grand Aire- relentlessly run down quarry. dogs that could hunt, guard, or herd according to his needs. dale Terrier. Terriers typically Beyond this, however, generali- The following is the listing of the 7 American Kennel have little tolerance for other zations about hounds are hard Club Groups in which similar breeds are organized. There animals, including other dogs. to come by, since the Group en- are other dog registries, such as the United Kennel Club Their ancestors were bred to compasses quite a diverse lot. (known as the UKC) that lists these and many other breeds hunt and kill vermin. Many con- There are Pharaoh Hounds, Nor- of dogs not recognized by the AKC at present.
[Show full text]
SEED Haematology Sysmex Educational Enhancement and Development October 2012
SEED Haematology Sysmex Educational Enhancement and Development October 2012 The red blood cell indices The full blood count has been used in conjunction with the traditional red The complete blood count (CBC) is central to clinical deci- cell indices in order to narrow down the possible causes sion making. This makes it one of the commonest laboratory of anaemia in an individual patient. investigations performed worldwide. Whilst the definition of what constitutes an CBC is influenced by the number Impedance technology and type of parameters measured by different haematology The RBC, HCT and MCV are all closely interrelated as they analysers, the traditional red cell indices that are widely are derived from information obtained from the passage used to classify anaemias are common to all. of cells through the aperture of the impedance channel of an automated haematology analyser. The impedance The laboratory approach to anaemia technology is based on the principle that an electrical field, Anaemia is an extremely common global healthcare prob- created between two electrodes of opposite charge, can lem. However, anaemia is merely a symptom which can be used to count and determine the size of cells. Blood result from a multitude of causes. Effective treatment is cells are poor conductors of electricity. The diluent in which only possible if the underlying cause is correctly identified. they are suspended as they pass through the aperture To this end, several classification systems have been devis- during counting is an isotonic solution which is a good ed. The most useful and widely used classification system conductor of electricity.
[Show full text]
Acoi Board Review 2019 Text
CHERYL KOVALSKI, DO FACOI NO DISCLOSURES ACOI BOARD REVIEW 2019 TEXT ANEMIA ‣ Hemoglobin <13 grams or ‣ Hematocrit<39% TEXT ANEMIA MCV RETICULOCYTE COUNT Corrected retic ct = hematocrit/45 x retic % (45 considered normal hematocrit) >2%: blood loss or hemolysis <2%: hypoproliferative process TEXT ANEMIA ‣ MICROCYTIC ‣ Obtain and interpret iron studies ‣ Serum iron ‣ Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) ‣ Transferrin saturation ‣ Ferritin-correlates with total iron stores ‣ can be normal or increased if co-existent inflammation TEXT IRON DEFICIENCY ‣ Most common nutritional problem in the world ‣ Absorbed in small bowel, enhanced by gastric acid ‣ Absorption inhibited by inflammation, phytates (bran) & tannins (tea) TEXT CAUSES OF IRON DEFICIENCY ‣ Blood loss – most common etiology ‣ Decreased intake ‣ Increased utilization-EPO therapy, chronic hemolysis ‣ Malabsorption – gastrectomy, sprue ‣ ‣ ‣ TEXT CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ‣ Impaired psychomotor development ‣ Fatigue, Irritability ‣ PICA ‣ Koilonychiae, Glossitis, Angular stomatitis ‣ Dysphagia TEXT IRON DEFICIENCY LAB FINDINGS ‣ Low serum iron, increased TIBC ‣ % sat <20 TEXT MANAGEMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ‣ MUST LOOK FOR SOURCE OF BLEED: ie: GI, GU, Regular blood donor ‣ Replacement: 1. Oral: Ferrous sulfate 325 mg TID until serum iron, % sat, and ferritin mid-range normal, 6-12 months 2. IV TEXT SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIAS Diverse group of disorders of RBC production characterized by: 1. Defect involving incorporation of iron into heme molecule 2. Ringed sideroblasts in
[Show full text]
The Red Cell Histogram and the Dimorphic Red Cell Population
CE Update Submitted 4.30.10 | Revision Received 9.27.10 | Accepted 9.27.10 The Red Cell Histogram and The Dimorphic Red Cell Population Benie T. Constantino, SH, I; ART, MLT(CSMLS) (CML Healthcare Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) DOI: 10.1309/LMF1UY85HEKBMIWO Abstract conditions and may provide major clues in some morphological features of dimorphism The RBC histogram is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of significant and the ensuing characteristic changes in their automated hematology analysis and is now red cell disorders. In addition, it is frequently RBC histograms. routinely available on all automated cell used, along with the peripheral blood film, as counters. This histogram and other associated an aid in monitoring and interpreting abnormal Keywords: histogram, dimorphic red cells, red complete blood count (CBC) parameters have morphological changes, particularly dimorphic blood cell distribution width been found abnormal in various hematological red cell populations. This article discusses After reading this article, readers should be able to correlate a RBC Hematology exam 51102 questions and corresponding answer form histogram and red blood cell distribution width with microscopical are located after this CE Update on page 309. findings. Table 1_Conditions Associated With Dimorphic To paraphrase an adage, 1 histogram graph is worth 5-12 1000 numbers. A large collection of data, displayed as a visual Red Cells image, can convey information with far more impact than the numbers alone. In hematology, these data take on several Early iron developing microcytic population forms, 1 of which is the RBC histogram. Visual scanning Folate/vitamin B12 developing macrocytic population Post-iron treatment of iron deficiency anemia of the histogram gives a good initial sense of the range, size, Post-iron treatment of iron deficiency with megaloblastic anemia shape, and other salient features of the red cell morphology.
[Show full text]
DOG BREEDS Affenpinscher Afghan Hound Airedale Terrier Akita
DOG BREEDS English Foxhound Polish Lowland English Setter Sheepdog Affenpinscher English Springer Pomeranian Afghan Hound Spaniel Poodle Airedale Terrier English Toy Spaniel Portuguese Water Dog Akita Field Spaniel Pug Alaskan Malamute Finnish Spitz Puli American Eskimo Dog Flat-Coated Retriever Rhodesian Ridgeback American Foxhound French Bulldog Rottweiler American Staffordshire German Pinscher Saint Bernard Terrier German Shepherd Dog Saluki American Water German Shorthaired Samoyed Spaniel Pointer Schipperke Anatolian Shepherd German Wirehaired Scottish Deerhound Dog Pointer Scottish Terrier Australian Cattle Dog Giant Schnauzer Sealyham Terrier Australian Shepherd Glen of Imaal Terrier Shetland Sheepdog Australian Terrier Golden Retriever Shiba Inu Basenji Gordon Setter Shih Tzu Basset Hound Great Dane Siberian Husky Beagle Great Pyrenees Silky Terrier Bearded Collie Greater Swiss Mountain Skye Terrier Beauceron Dog Smooth Fox Terrier Bedlington Terrier Greyhound Soft Coated Wheaten Belgian Malinois Harrier Terrier Belgian Sheepdog Havanese Spinone Italiano Belgian Tervuren Ibizan Hound Staffordshire Bull Bernese Mountain Dog Irish Setter Terrier Bichon Frise Irish Terrier Standard Schnauzer Black and Tan Irish Water Spaniel Sussex Spaniel Coonhound Irish Wolfhound Swedish Vallhund Black Russian Terrier Italian Greyhound Tibetan Mastiff Bloodhound Japanese Chin Tibetan Spaniel Border Collie Keeshond Tibetan Terrier Border Terrier Kerry Blue Terrier Toy Fox Terrier Borzoi Komondor Vizsla Boston Terrier Kuvasz Weimaraner Bouvier des
[Show full text]
Non-Sporting Group Breed Standards
Non-Sporting Group Breed Standards Amended July 29, 2020 Group 6: Non-Sporting (20) Breed Effective Date Page Disqualifications for the Non-Sporting Group 3 American Eskimo Dogs November 30, 1994 5 Bichons Frises November 30, 1988 7 Boston Terriers March 30, 2011 9 Bulldogs August 31, 2016 12 Chinese Shar-Pei February 28, 1998 16 Chow Chows July 29, 2020 18 Coton de Tulear October 1, 2013 21 Dalmatians September 6, 1989 25 Finnish Spitz October 3, 2018 28 French Bulldogs June 5, 2018 30 Keeshonden January 1, 1990 32 Lhasa Apsos October 1, 2019 34 Lowchen July 28, 2010 36 Norwegian Lundehunds July 1, 2008 38 Poodles (Miniature/Standard) March 27, 1990 40 Schipperkes January 1, 1991 43 Shiba Inu March 31, 1997 45 Tibetan Spaniels July 28, 2010 48 Tibetan Terriers March 10, 1987 50 Xoloitzcuintli January 1, 2009 52 Disqualifications: Non-Sporting Breeds American Eskimo Dogs Any color other than white or biscuit cream. Blue eyes. Height: under 9" or over 19". Boston Terriers Eyes blue in color or any trace of blue. Dudley nose. Docked tail. Solid black, solid brindle, or solid seal without required white markings. Any color not described in the standard. Bulldogs Blue or green eye(s) or parti-colored eye(s). Brown or liver-colored nose. Colors or markings not defined in the standard. The merle pattern. Chinese Shar-Pei Pricked ears. Solid pink tongue. Absence of a complete tail. Albino; not a solid color, i.e.: brindle; parti-colored; spotted; patterned in any combination of colors. Chow Chows Drop ear or ears.
[Show full text]
Complete Blood Count in Primary Care
Complete Blood Count in Primary Care bpac nz better medicine Editorial Team bpacnz Tony Fraser 10 George Street Professor Murray Tilyard PO Box 6032, Dunedin Clinical Advisory Group phone 03 477 5418 Dr Dave Colquhoun Michele Cray free fax 0800 bpac nz Dr Rosemary Ikram www.bpac.org.nz Dr Peter Jensen Dr Cam Kyle Dr Chris Leathart Dr Lynn McBain Associate Professor Jim Reid Dr David Reith Professor Murray Tilyard Programme Development Team Noni Allison Rachael Clarke Rebecca Didham Terry Ehau Peter Ellison Dr Malcolm Kendall-Smith Dr Anne Marie Tangney Dr Trevor Walker Dr Sharyn Willis Dave Woods Report Development Team Justine Broadley Todd Gillies Lana Johnson Web Gordon Smith Design Michael Crawford Management and Administration Kaye Baldwin Tony Fraser Kyla Letman Professor Murray Tilyard Distribution Zane Lindon Lyn Thomlinson Colleen Witchall All information is intended for use by competent health care professionals and should be utilised in conjunction with © May 2008 pertinent clinical data. Contents Key points/purpose 2 Introduction 2 Background ▪ Haematopoiesis - Cell development 3 ▪ Limitations of reference ranges for the CBC 4 ▪ Borderline abnormal results must be interpreted in clinical context 4 ▪ History and clinical examination 4 White Cells ▪ Neutrophils 5 ▪ Lymphocytes 9 ▪ Monocytes 11 ▪ Basophils 12 ▪ Eosinophils 12 ▪ Platelets 13 Haemoglobin and red cell indices ▪ Low haemoglobin 15 ▪ Microcytic anaemia 15 ▪ Normocytic anaemia 16 ▪ Macrocytic anaemia 17 ▪ High haemoglobin 17 ▪ Other red cell indices 18 Summary Table 19 Glossary 20 This resource is a consensus document, developed with haematology and general practice input. We would like to thank: Dr Liam Fernyhough, Haematologist, Canterbury Health Laboratories Dr Chris Leathart, GP, Christchurch Dr Edward Theakston, Haematologist, Diagnostic Medlab Ltd We would like to acknowledge their advice, expertise and valuable feedback on this document.
[Show full text]
Red Blood Cell Morphology in Patients with Β-Thalassemia Minor
J Lab Med 2017; 41(1): 49–52 Short Communication Carolin Körber, Albert Wölfler, Manfred Neubauer and Christoph Robier* Red blood cell morphology in patients with β-thalassemia minor DOI 10.1515/labmed-2016-0052 Keywords: β-thalassemia minor; erythrocytes; red blood Received July 11, 2016; accepted October 20, 2016; previously published cells; red blood cell morphology. online December 10, 2016 Abstract In β-thalassemias, the examination of a peripheral blood (PB) smear may provide relevant clues to initial diagnosis. Background: A systematic analysis of the occurrence of Complete laboratory investigation consists of the determina- red blood cell (RBC) abnormalities in β-thalassemia minor tion of the complete blood count, assessment of red blood has not been performed to date. This study aimed to iden- cell (RBC) morphology, high performance liquid chroma- tify and quantify the frequency of RBC abnormalities in tography (HPLC), hemoglobin electrophoresis and, where patients with β-thalassemia minor. necessary, DNA analysis [1]. Especially in the clinically Methods: We examined blood smears of 33 patients with severe forms referred to as β-thalassemia major and interme- β-thalassemia minor by light microscopy for the occur- dia, RBC abnormalities are often markedly apparent [2]. In rence of 15 defined RBC abnormalities. In the case of posi- β-thalassemia minor, also called β-thalassemia trait, the car- tivity, the abnormal cells/20 high power fields (HPF) at riers are usually clinically asymptomatic, showing persistent 1000-fold magnification were counted. microcytosis and hypochromia or mild microcytic anemia [1, Results: Anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and target cells 3]. The PB smear may show microcytosis, hypochromia and, (median 42/20 HPF) were observed in all, and ovalocytes infrequently, poikilocytosis [2].
[Show full text]
Border Collie
SCRAPS Breed Profile SHAR-PEI Stats Country of Origin: China Group: Non-Sporting Use today: Family companion, guarding, and hunting. Life Span: Up to 10 years Color: Coat colors include all solid colors and sables. Coat: There are three coat varieties: horse-coat; rough, extremely prickly & off-standing, brush-coat; has longer hair and a smoother feel and bear-coat; has an undercoat and a topcoat exceeding 1 inch.. Grooming: The Shar-Pei should be brushed regularly. Their coat is never trimmed. This breed does not have an undercoat. The "bush" coat sheds a little year round, but the "horse" coat tends to shed only during molting periods. Molting may leave the dog looking unkempt. Bathing about once a week and brushing the coat daily during this period will remove the old dead hair and allow the new coat to grow in. Some owners are allergic to the harsh coat. Height: 18 – 20 inches Weight: 40 – 55 pounds Profile In Brief: An intelligent and often stubborn breed, coat on either variety can be up to one inch in Shar Pei ownership needs careful consideration. length. Coat colors include all solid colors and They are bright and learn quickly, but early sables. There is also a lowered, spotted, and a training and socialization are important, as is particular colored Shar-Pei coat, which is a daily exercise. Shar-Pei are clean dogs that disqualifying fault in the show ring according to require little more grooming than an occasional AKC standard. The small ears fall forward and bath, regular ear cleaning and toe nail clipping.
[Show full text]