DOCSLIB.ORG

Strengthening Finance for the 7Th Five Year Plan and Sdgs in Bangladesh

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strengthening Finance for the 7Th Five Year Plan and Sdgs in Bangladesh Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Strengthening Finance for the 7th Five Year Plan and SDGs in Bangladesh FINDINGS FROM AN INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT FINANCE ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT FINAL REPORT Strengthening Finance for the 7th Five Year Plan and SDGs in Bangladesh FINDINGS FROM AN INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT FINANCE ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT Authors: This assessment was prepared by Liv Bjornestad (Team Leader), Jakir Hossain, Jitendra Sinha and Nelson Stratta, with inputs from Thomas Beloe and Karolien Casaer-Diez (UNDP) A note on data sources: All sources for data are referenced in footnotes. All dates are provided for these sources. Acknowledgements This Independent Development Finance Assessment was made possible by the leadership of the Economic Relations Division, Ministry of Finance. We would like to express gratitude as well to the Government Advisory Group which provided guidance to the consultants throughout the process. Technical guidance was also provided by the Asia Pacific Development Effectiveness Facility (AP-DEF), as well as by UNDP. Financial contributions by the governments of Australia and the UK are greatly appreciated, as are all the inputs provided by stakeholders and partners consulted during the process. Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the institutions to which they are affiliated, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), or the Government of Bangladesh or the United Nations or its Member States. Contents List of Acronyms 4 Foreword 7 Executive Summary 8 1. Background 18 1.1 Overview 18 1.2 Objectives of the DFA 20 2. Socioeconomic and Political Context 22 2.1 Socioeconomic Context 22 2.2 Economy 23 2.3 National Framework for Planning and Budgeting in Bangladesh 26 2.4 Public Financing of Development: the Planning and Budget Processes 27 2.5 Governance 31 3. Domestic Finance: Institutional and Policy Context Flow Analysis 33 3.1 Overview 33 3.2 Tax Revenues 33 3.3 Public Domestic Borrowing 36 3.4 Private Domestic Borrowing 40 3.5 Sovereign Wealth Funds 42 3.6 Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) 43 3.7 Inclusive Business Finance 47 3.8 Domestic Philanthropy and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 49 3.9 Corporate Social Responsibility Linked to Development 52 3.10 Domestic Climate Change Finance 54 4. External Finance: Institutional and Policy Context Flow Analysis 58 4.1 Introduction 58 4.2 Official Development Assistance (ODA) 58 4.3 Vertical Funds 62 4.4 Public Borrowing from Capital Markets 64 4.5 Private Borrowing from Capital Markets 65 4.6 South-South Cooperation (SSC) 67 4.7 External Climate Change Finance 72 4.8 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 74 4.9 Remittances 77 5. Conclusions and Recommendations 83 5.1 Reviewing the Financial Requirements of the 7th Five Year Plan 83 5.2 The Convenience of an Integrated Financial Strategy Approach 84 5.3 Potential Contributions of the Financial Flows Analysed 87 5.4 The Way Forward: Key Challenges and Main Recommendations 92 Annex A: Glossary 97 Annex B: Bibliography for Literature Survey 101 Annex C: Middle-Income Countries (MIC) versus Least Developed Countries (LDC) 105 Annex D: Bangladesh Achievements against MDG Targets 107 Annex E: DFA Advisory Committee for Bangladesh 109 Annex F: Key Challenges and Impacts of Key Flows and Areas for the DFA 110 Annex G: Key Recommendations for Bangladesh 2015–2020 112 List of Tables Table 1.1: Financial Flows 2005–2014 in millions of US$ 19 Table 2.1: Poverty Head-Count Rates (percentage) 22 Table 2.2: Sixth Five Year Plan Key Targets of the Macroeconomic Framework 22 Table 2.3: Structural Change in the Economy during the Sixth Five Year Plan (percentage of GDP) 24 Table 2.4: Financing of Seventh Five Year Plan Investment (FY2016 prices) 26 Table 3.1: Growth in Tax Revenue in Recent Years 33 Table 3.2: Comparing Bangladesh Tax/GDP to its Regional Partners 34 Table 3.3: Revenue Structure in the Seventh Five Year Plan Period (FY2016-FY2020) 35 Table 3.4: Major Components of Revenue under the Seventh Five Year Plan Period (FY2016-FY2020) 36 Table 3.5: Bangladesh: Public Domestic Debt at Year End of 2013 37 Table 3.6: Indicators of Banking Activities for Selected Countries (2013) 40 Table 3.7: Projects and Funds for INGOs in millions of US$ 50 Table 3.8: CSR Expenditures of Banks in millions of US$ 53 Table 3.9: Climate Expenditures in Bangladesh in millions of US$ (FY2009–2014) 56 Table 4.1: Forecasted Net ODA for the 7th Five Year Plan in millions of US$ 61 Table 4.2: Types of South-South Cooperation in Bangladesh 67 Table 4.3: Top 10 Countries with FDI Flow to Bangladesh from 2008–2014 (in millions of US$) 68 Table 4.4: FDI Inflows as a Percentage of GDP of Selected Countries and Regions 75 Table 4.5: Overseas Employment and Remittances 78 Table 4.6: Budget Allocations for the MoEWOE (in crore Taka) 80 Table 5.1: Financing of the Seventh Five Year Plan Investment (FY2016 prices) 83 Table 5.2: Key Recommendations for Bangladesh 2015–2020 94 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Development Finance Flows in millions of US$ 19 Figure 2.1: Growth and Per Capita GDP 23 Figure 2.2: Seventh Five Year Plan Investment Requirements (as percentage of GDP) 27 Figure 2.3: Simplified Integration of Planning and Budget Process 28 Figure 3.1: Breakdown of Sources of Revenue 2005–2015 in billions of Taka 34 Figure 3.2: Share of Tax and Non-tax Revenue in Total Taxes 2005–2015 35 Figure 3.3: Interest Payments on Debt as a Share of GNI 38 Figure 3.4: Breakdown of Public Borrowing in billions of Taka 38 Figure 3.5: Total Debt Domestic and External in billions of Taka and Debt Share of GNI, 2005–2015 39 Figure 3.6: Indicators of Growth of Banking Activities 40 Figure 3.7. Growth of Private Banking, 2001–2012 41 Figure 3.8: Distribution of Released Funds to NGOs according to 6th FYP priorities (in millions of US$) 51 Figure 4.1: Breakdown of Aid Commitments by Sector 2000–2014 59 Figure 4.2: Disbursements as a Share of ODA Commitments 2000–2014 60 Figure 4.3: Loans versus Grants (in millions of US$) 60 Figure 4.4: Multilateral versus Bilateral Share of ODA 60 Figure 4.5: GAVI Operations in Bangladesh 62 Figure 4.6: Domestic Debt versus External Debt 64 Figure 4.7: Private Sector Loans in millions of Taka, 2005–2014 67 Figure 4.8: Foreign Direct Investment from the Global South 69 Figure 4.9: Total Foreign Direct Investment Inflows 2004–2015 74 Figure 4.10: Total Remittances 2000–2015 78 INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT FINANCE ASSESSMENT BANGLADESH 4 List of Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank ADP Annual Development Programme AF Adaptation Fund BCCRF Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan BCCTF Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund BIFFL Bangladesh Infrastructure Finance Fund Limited BOI Board of Investment CCM Country Coordination Mechanism (of GFATM) CFF Climate Fiscal Framework CIF Climate Investment Fund CPEIR Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) DFA Development Finance and Aid Assessment DP Development Partner EEP External Economic Policy EPZ Export Pricing Zone ERD Economic Relations Division FDI Foreign Direct Investment GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization GCF Green Climate Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GFATM Global Fund for Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria HDI Human Development Index IBAS Integrated Budget and Accounting System STRENGTHENING FINANCE FOR THE 7TH FIVE YEAR PLAN 5 ICC Inter-Agency Coordination Committee ICCTF Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation INFS Integrated National Financing Strategy INGO International Non-governmental Organization JEC Joint Economic Commission LDC Least Developed Country LDCF Least Developed Countries Fund LMIC Lower Middle Income Country MDG Millennium Development Goal MIE Multilateral Implementing Entity MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forestry MRA Microcredit Regulatory Authority MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises MTBF Medium Term Budget Framework MTDS Medium Term Debt Strategy MTSBP Medium Term Strategy and Business Plan NBFI Non-Bank Financial Institution NBR National Board of Revenue NGO Non-governmental Organization NIE National Implementing Entity NSD National Savings Directorate ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability PKB Probasi Kallyan Bank PPCR Pilot Programme of Climate Resilience PPP Public-Private Partnership INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT FINANCE ASSESSMENT BANGLADESH 6 RIE Regional Implementing Entity RMG Readymade Garments SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SDG Sustainable Development Goal SEZ Special Economic Zone SME Small and Medium Enterprise SSC South-South Cooperation SSTC South-South and Triangular Cooperation SWF Sovereign Wealth Fund TCS Technical Cooperation Scheme TOSSD Total Official Support for Sustainable Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme VAT Value-added Tax WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WRI World Resources Institute STRENGTHENING FINANCE FOR THE 7TH FIVE YEAR PLAN 7 Foreword This Independent Development Finance Assessment (DFA), commissioned by the Economic Relations Division, and supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Asia Pacific Development Effectiveness Facility provides Bangladesh with a mapping of financing flows for development. The assessment can be a useful means to pursue our development priorities as articulated in Bangladesh’s 7th Five Year Plan. It is the first assessment of its kind in Bangladesh – covering all development finance flows including private and public as well as external and domestic resources. The unique value of the DFA is that not only delineates the contours of development financing landscape but assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the policy and institutional architecture to facilitate aligning finance with results.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WIDER Working Paper 2020/44-Structural Transformation
    WIDER Working Paper 2020/44 Structural transformation, inequality dynamics, and inclusive growth in Bangladesh Selim Raihan1 and Sunera Saba Khan2 April 2020 Abstract: The Bangladesh economy has undergone significant structural changes over the last four decades. The share of agriculture in GDP has declined, while the significance of industry and service sectors has increased. These structural changes have been associated with persistent challenges such as lack of diversification, poor working conditions, low productivity, and high degree of informality, obstructing the progress towards inclusive economic growth. Though manufacturing is now an overwhelmingly salient component of Bangladesh’s export composition, this is due primarily to the rapid expansion of the ready-made garments sector: the performance of other industries has been rather weak. In order to become a sustained, inclusive driver of economic growth and employment creation, the manufacturing sector needs to focus on expanding and diversifying its base. This study looks at the major challenges, both policy-induced and structural, for the required structural transformation in the Bangladesh economy, aiming to tackle inequality and promote inclusive growth. Key words: Bangladesh, structural transformation, inclusive growth, inequality, ready-made garments JEL classification: O14, O25, O40, O53 1 University of Dhaka and SANEM (South Asian Network on Economic Modeling), Dhaka, Bangladesh, corresponding author: [email protected]; 2 SANEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study has been prepared within the UNU-WIDER project Developer’s dilemma – structural transformation, inequality dynamics, and inclusive growth. Copyright © UNU-WIDER 2020 Information and requests: [email protected] ISSN 1798-7237 ISBN 978-92-9256-801-6 https://doi.org/10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2020/801-6 Typescript prepared by Luke Finley.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Bangladesh Economy: Obstruction and Challenges
    © IJCIRAS | ISSN (O) - 2581-5334 June 2020 | Vol. 3 Issue. 1 DEVELOPMENT OF BANGLADESH ECONOMY: OBSTRUCTION AND CHALLENGES Mukut Sikder1, Xuecheng Dou 2 College of Finance and Economics, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou,730070, P.R China After the 2nd World War in 1947, the British split the Abstract Indian subcontinent into; Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, The study principally is a contribution to the India, Maldives, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. (Kumar, may numerous interpretation and discussion made by 2012). East Pakistan was created as the name of the West many writers about Bangladesh economic Zone of India and this area current name is Bangladesh. development process and the steps taken by the After nine months liberation war with West Pakistan, the government and for which the future is taking better help of the cervical assistance of India East Pakistan steps. The article proofer some tentative challenges (Bangladesh) in 1971 was recognized as an independent to the obstructions within the Bangladesh economy. country and get a place in the World map The data for the work was gathered by reviewing (HeritageFoundation, 2019). relevant literature in the subject matter. The work first presents an abridged profile of Bangladesh and 1.2. Inspiration to select the topic also identifies the problems each component of the economy comes with. The need for competent Bangladesh has no readily available work for the huge government policies, administrative rules, and population; most of them live under the poverty line. It effective proposals are unequivocal in increasing is difficult to survive and earn much money for education, health, micro and macro-economic livelihood.
    [Show full text]
  • The DAC Journal
    © OECD, 2002. © Software: 1987-1996, Acrobat is a trademark of ADOBE. All rights reserved. OECD grants you the right to use one copy of this Program for your personal use only. Unauthorised reproduction, lending, hiring, transmission or distribution of any data or software is prohibited. You must treat the Program and associated materials and any elements thereof like any other copyrighted material. All requests should be made to: Head of Publications Service, OECD Publications Service, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. © OCDE, 2002. © Logiciel, 1987-1996, Acrobat, marque déposée d’ADOBE. Tous droits du producteur et du propriétaire de ce produit sont réservés. L’OCDE autorise la reproduction d’un seul exemplaire de ce programme pour usage personnel et non commercial uniquement. Sauf autorisation, la duplication, la location, le prêt, l’utilisation de ce produit pour exécution publique sont interdits. Ce programme, les données y afférantes et d’autres éléments doivent donc être traités comme toute autre documentation sur laquelle s’exerce la protection par le droit d’auteur. Les demandes sont à adresser au : Chef du Service des Publications, Service des Publications de l’OCDE, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. Part II Aid Responses to Afghanistan: Lessons from Previous Evaluations Aid responses to Afghanistan: Lessons from Previous Evaluations FOREWORD “Aid Responses to Afghanistan: Lessons from Previous Evaluations” was a key background paper prepared by Niels Dabelstein 1 for the DAC Experts’ Meeting on “Afghanistan Reconstruction and Recovery: Seeing Round the Corner” (May 2002, OECD, Paris). It was also discussed at the DAC Senior Level Meeting in December 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES REPORT 2013 Growth with Employment for Inclusive and Sustainable Development
    UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES REPORT 2013 Growth with employment for inclusive and sustainable development EMBARGO The contents of this Report must not be quoted or summarized in the print, broadcast or electronic media before 20 November 2013, 17:00 hours GMT UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES REPORT 2013 Growth with employment for inclusive and sustainable development New York and Geneva, 2013 Note Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but full acknowledgement is requested. A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat at: Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. The overview of this report can also be found on the Internet, in all six official languages of the United Nations, at www.unctad.org/ldcr UNCTAD/LDC/2013 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.13.II.D.1 ISBN 978-92-1-112864-2 eISBN 978-92-1-054116-9 ISSN 0257-7550 Copyright © United Nations, 2013 All rights reserved “Don’t let your past dictate your future” Proverb from Sierra Leone What are the least developed countries? Forty-nine countries are currently designated by the United Nations as “least developed countries” (LDCs).
    [Show full text]
  • Urbanization and Economic Development of Bangladesh: The
    Urbanization and Economic Development of Bangladesh: The Primacy of Dhaka and Competitiveness Sarder Syed Ahmed * Muntasir Ahmed ** Abstract Now-a-days urbanization is regarded as an engine of growth and Development of a country. The contribution of urban sector to the GDP is much more than the rural sector in many developing countries like Bangladesh. The contribution of urban sector to GDP is increasing year by year in Bangladesh and it is now about 65%. Urbanization also plays a great role in socio- cultural and political development of the country. Urbanization and growth go together. Urbanization is necessary to sustain growth in developing countries & it yields other benefits as well. The contemporary theories of growth emphasizes mostly on capital and technology. There is also a missing fundamental factor-geography of a country. Geographic units in terms of location, place, climate, resource endowments and environment are the constituent‟s elements of engine of growth forming vast bundles of trade, transport, innovation and talent. Generally urbanization leads to industrialization. These two issues are closely linked in many ways. With the increasing economic development, dominance of agricultural sector gradually diminishes and industrialization takes place at an accelerated rate. Urbanization is positively co-related with industrialization. The level of urbanization in Bangladesh to total population is 28% but contribution of 28% population to GDP is 65% . Dhaka city consists, of 9% of total population of Bangladesh but its contribution to GDP near about 40%. The economic geography of Bangladesh is concentrated on economic production of Dhaka and Chittagong, Economic Density of Dhaka is much lower than similar other developing countries of the World.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Prospects of Bangladesh Examines This Question and Comes up with Only Moderately Hopeful Answers
    Overseas Development Economic Prospcts of Institute Bangladesh OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE, 10 - 11 PERCY STREET, LONDON W1P OJB Tel: Oi - 637 3622 Austin Robinson Even before the massive upheavals of 1971 and 1972 flood, war, crop failure the eastern wing of Pakistan was one of the poorest countries in the world. Income per head was only about $70: with gross national product rising at about 4~J-% a year, and population at almost 3%, even this low level was hardly improving. Imports of food were increasing, while earnings from the major export -jute were stagnant. In 1971 and 1972 flood and war caused tremendous damage to the transport system and seriously disrupted agriculture, on which 80% of the population depends for a livelihood. The establishment of political independence meant that the whole machinery of a separate state had to be created. The question now is whether Bangladesh can ever escape its grinding poverty. Economic Prospects of Bangladesh examines this question and comes up with only moderately hopeful answers. It defines the immediate and longer-term problems facing the economy, and assesses the chances of achieving steady and continuing growth. It underlines the enormous effort that this new State must make if it is to reach even the modest rate of expansion recorded in the years immediately before inde­ pendence. It argues that donor countries can and should contribute to this effort by more generous grants and loans to restore imports of essential food and consumer goods, by more flexible project and programme aid, and by improved access for Bangladesh's exports.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Uttam Deb, Ph.D. Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71602 Phone: (870)-575-8108, Fax: (870)-575-4637 Email: [email protected] I. EDUCATION 1995 Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Philippines 1986 M. Sc. Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Bangladesh 1985 B.Sc. Agricultural Economics (Honors), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Bangladesh II. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Author and co-author of more than 250 publications including 31 journal articles, 10 books and monographs, 38 book chapters, 2 Thesis, 14 policy briefs, 44 international conference papers, 36 national conference/ seminar papers, 30 working papers/ research reports, 16 poster papers and 4 Book Reviews. Lead contributor of 29 CPD corporate publications, and published 27 write-ups in newspapers and professional magazines. Journal Articles (31) 1. Deb U, Pramanik S, Khan PE and Bantilan C. 2016. Tenancy and Agricultural Productivity in Southern India: Nature, Extent, Trends and Determinants. Journal of Rural Development. Vol. 35, No. 3. 435-464. 2. Anupama GV, Deb U, Bantilan C and Vajjha H. 2016. Seasonal Migration and Moving Out Of Poverty in Rural India: Insights from Statistical Analysis. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development.13 (2): 35-53. 3. Deb U, and Pramanik S. 2015. Groundnut production performance in Bangladesh: A district level analysis. Economic Affairs. 60(3): 391-400. 4. Kumar R, Deb U, Bantilan C, Nagaraj N and Bhattarai M. 2015. Economic growth and rural transformation in Eastern India: Strategies for inclusive growth. Indian Journal of Economics and Development 2:3 pp 779 -97.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Trade Cost on Bangladesh's Trade a Gravity Model Approach
    Impact of Trade Cost on Bangladesh’s Trade A Gravity Model Approach Towfiqul Islam Khan1 Research Fellow Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) House: 40/C, Road: 32, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh. <[email protected]> Mashfique Ibne Akbar Research Associate Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) House: 40/C, Road: 32, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh. <[email protected]> Md. Zafar Sadique Research Associate Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) House: 40/C, Road: 32, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh. <[email protected]> 15 December, 2013 Prepared for Conference on “Empirical Investigations in Trade and Investment” Phuket, Thailand 1Corresponding author: +8801713244355 (cell), +88028124770 (office), +88028130951 (fax) ABSTRACT The paper employed gravity modelling to examine the role of trade cost in Bangladesh’s trade by using the recently available trade cost estimates of WB-ESCAP. The paper has undertaken two separate exercises considering the distinct features associated with the country’s export and import. Analysis from the study has revealed that trade cost has significant impact for both Bangladesh’s export and import. Hence, higher trade cost leads to lower trade volume for Bangladesh. Since the trade cost variable incorporates a number of components including tariff, transport cost, cultural components and trade facilitation issues, it is the case that the future trade policy of Bangladesh will need to address these issues with utmost sincerity. Furthermore, distance between trading partners, trade arrangements and common border being significant determinants of Bangladesh’s import, her exports are influenced by the economic condition of partner countries and GSP facilities offered by the developed countries.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Bangladesh Economy in FY06
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Papers in Economics Banglladesh 2020: An Anallysiis of Growth Prospect and Externall Sector Behaviiour Paper 56 Debapriya Bhattacharya Uttam Kumar Deb Publisher Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) House No 40/C, Road No 11 (new), Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209 Bangladesh Tel: (880 2) 8124770, 9141703. 9141734 Fax: (880 2) 8130951 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cpd-bangladesh.org First Published January, 2006 Copyright © Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) Price Tk. 35.00 ISSN 1818-1570 (Print), ISSN 1818-1597 (Online) The Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), established in 1993, is a civil society initiative to promote an ongoing dialogue between the principal partners in the decision-making and implementing process. The dialogues are designed to address important policy issues and to seek constructive solutions to these problems. The Centre has already organised a series of such dialogues at local, regional and national levels. The CPD has also organised a number of South Asian bilateral and regional dialogues as well as some international dialogues. These dialogues have brought together ministers, opposition frontbenchers, MPs, business leaders, NGOs, donors, professionals and other functional group in civil society within a non-confrontational environment to promote focused discussions. The CPD seeks to create a national policy consciousness where members of civil society will be made aware of critical policy issues affecting their lives and will come together in support of particular policy agendas which they feel are conducive to the well being of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Remittances and Moral Economies of Bangladeshi New York Immigrants
    Remittances and Moral Economies of Bangladeshi New York Immigrants in Light of the Economic Crisis Natacha Stevanovic Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 Natacha Stevanovic All rights reserved ABSTRACT Remittances and The Moral Economies of Bangladeshi New York Immigrants in Light of the Economic Crisis Natacha Stevanovic Remittance flows to Bangladesh during the 2008 global financial crisis presented an exceptional case of resilience while most remittance recipient countries were experiencing a drastic decline, as was predicted by leading world economists (World Bank, Ratha 2009). The question I seek to resolve in this dissertation is: Why did remittance practices from Bangladeshi immigrants keep on flowing when the majority of remittance flows to many other developing countries declined following the 2008 economic recession? One reason is the strong presence of what I call a “moral economy of giving and sharing” that is guided by cultural or religious repertoires on family obligations, kinship, gender, hierarchy, and charity. Drawing on empirical narratives and biographies that combine open-ended interviews with 65 Bangladeshi male immigrants in New York (the majority being Muslim) as well as ethnographic interviews of 7 families in Dhaka, Bangladesh, I use the concept of moral economies to analyze the motivations behind remitting under variable conditions. My results suggest that Bangladeshi remitters
    [Show full text]
  • Opportunities of Bangladesh in RMG Sector
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute) European Scientific Journal October 2017 edition Vol.13, No.28 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Export Scenario Between Bangladesh and China: Opportunities of Bangladesh in RMG Sector Professor Dr. Engr. Ayub Nabi Khan Pro-vice Chancellor - BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology Md. Rashed Ullah Technical & Social Compliance Auditor - ITS Labtest Bangladesh Ltd. Doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.v13n28p299 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n28p299 Abstract The Ready-made Garment (RMG) industry has already promoted itself as the largest foreign currency earning sector for Bangladesh and occupying the 2nd position in leading exporters of clothing. From a humble beginning in late 70’s RMG sector has emerged itself and did employment about 4.5 million peoples. China is the largest clothing exporter and represents the lion’s share of the world market. In spite of being the second largest exporter, Bangladesh is far behind from China in any category of this sector including export earnings and a number of markets. Whereas China occupies one-third of global market share, Bangladesh has only 6 percent share in clothing export in the world but acts as a lifeline in her economy having 82 percent contribution of export earnings. Bangladesh could be more successful in this sector if it utilizes the available opportunities. For this, Bangladesh should try to grab the opportunities impeding in front because of backwardness of China in clothing export originating recently due to the transformation of the economy to high technology production and higher labor cost in garments.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangladesh Health Cost Full Report 2020
    The Economic Cost of Tobacco Use in Bangladesh: A Health Cost Approach Bangladesh Cancer Society (Dhaka, Bangladesh) University of Dhaka, Department of Economics (Dhaka, Bangladesh) Programme for Research, Advocacy and Capacity Building on Tobacco Taxation (PROACTT), a collaboration between the Cancer Research United Kingdom and the American Cancer Society, USA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TOBACCO USE IS THE SINGLE MOST PREVENTABLE CAUSE OF Tobacco control has been an explicit government priority, but DEATH GLOBALLY. IT IS ONE OF THE GREATEST RISK FACTORS adoption and application of a fully functional and effective measure FOR NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES INCLUDING CANCERS, have been constrained by the powerful lobby of the financially CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES. GLOBALLY strong tobacco companies. The estimates of the economic burden SMOKING, CHEWING TOBACCO AND EXPOSURE TO SECONDHAND of tobacco use in this study provide the basis for a comprehensive SMOKE TOGETHER WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOSS OF MORE assessment of the social and economic impact of tobacco use in THAN 8 MILLION LIVES AND 213 MILLION DISABILITY-ADJUSTED Bangladesh and compelling evidence to support a strong public LIFE YEARS (DALYS) IN 2017. BETWEEN 2007 AND 2017, THE health policy intervention. This would also help raise people’s NUMBER OF TOBACCO-ATTRIBUTABLE DEATHS INCREASED awareness about the hard reality tobacco users face and build public BY 0.8 MILLION AND DALYS INCREASED BY 13 MILLION. IN THE opinion in support of tobacco control nationwide. 20TH CENTURY, TOBACCO IS KNOWN TO HAVE KILLED ABOUT 100 MILLION PEOPLE, AND IT IS PROJECTED TO KILL 1 BILLION This study estimated that tobacco use caused nearly 126,000 deaths PEOPLE IN THE 21ST CENTURY.
    [Show full text]