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92

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

1*.

_.,_i VIOLA LIUZZO MURDER

PART 14 OF 14

FILE NUMBER : 44-28601

"T -m -. .uA'wk row. _ . .. . .._... ~ ,e....-92.4...... _-._._~.,im.___.___ _~.__, __,__._ __¢_._,__..i. ' , _ ...._ on UNITEDPPM! 1 an! STATES an-ms GQ '* NMENT " j _ Memoranaum ' ¢

T0 : DIRECTOR, rs: 4-28601! mums: 8/18/66 H ~ ' . , -» rnou = _ . sac, new ontsans 51-3954! P!

mnyzcr: - EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL; VIOLA cm-:00 LIUZZO, Aka. _, ! F 1 ca; ETELAL - VICTIMS A 92 ' Re New Orleans letter to Bureau, 6/24/66. l L>6u:-

Fifth Circuit Court of , =w r eans, ou , 4 ; made available two copies of Brief for Appellee, #23289,____t___'w______v____L - -- filed B/16/66, copy of which is enclosed for the Bureau -- and Mobile.

W111 advise the Bureau and Mobile of decision in this matter. ' - .. "5; £1 92 1 r~ £32? 92 - 92 I i 1 av .e 7? In._-l- '

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; 1 1}

on THIS oars, usn BEN HARDENAN;ADVISED sfnrz or ALABAMA ~' " " '~-~ - ~~E~-- - ~-~~*~*x I""*??F¬F* HAS FILED PETITION NITH THE FIFTH CIRCUIT JUDGE JOHNGODBOLD 'k REQUESTING ALL ITEMS OF EVIDENCE ENTERED IN THE TRIAL OF 4 92 v. susuzcrs IN usnc, monIeomERY,aLA,, BE MADE AVAILABLE Io, . ggv ' STATE ATTORNEY Fo us: DURING STATE TRIAL or .~ t*N I 1» . ' / SUBJECT THOMAS IN HAYNEVILLE, ALA-, MONDAY, NINE TUENTYSIX "Q1: _ A HARDEMAN STATES HE DESIRES AGENT PRESENT WHEN EVIDENCE TRANSFERHED IF REQUEST GRANTED BY COURT OF APPEALE IN ORDER T0 Pnasz-WE cvmn or EVIDENCE. - I» A - ' , .64? /H/L/___ _y .,aIf 7L/»l UACB, HARDE}MN'S REQUEST VILLéEE HONORED IN EVENT-~ g .~. - 1 EVIDENCE TRANSFERRED- ' ' _BIRMINGHAm nnwsan AIRHAIL. JV *1//4j6£_____' A HA sunmm 'QM,_T!_,-»~' Liam ,~-, ' 1_ 'sap 191966 I-B1 um; 9e- I ,-3 I I . - 7 _ '

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1. lunI_.___, His H lI'.!|I_._,__ E l'£i:sGuuly.___ FROM BIRMINGHAM 44-I236 '1/* I * 2 P ,/1 . K I L EUGENE THOMAS; ETAL; VIOLA eases LIUZZO, AKA; ETAL - victims. - _ E _ CRO El-1 00: I; I -I . . _ ff ' -1 - - * -"T > -~ -'-~ - E ' ------.--=~--- _--~»-- E--an ----cw --M, *..-*.i-any- . _ . _ -., .-. .. ._ N-_,.- -__ -,--,. .,~,.-u... . C" m-: nosxu-: ta. to BUREAU AND BIRMINGHAM, xnsmn DATE"- FOR INFO OF NEW YORK, ALABAMA ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL, . - , ' v:

PIJNTGOMERY,-ALA. THIS DATE ADVISED 1 SUBJECT THOMAS SLNTED FDR TRIAL In cm_c_un count, -- P LOUNDES couutY,mmu:v1LL|-:, A|.n., at om: PH, 33 _ ssrrsnazn rmnvs1x,__|!sxr. assxsmn ATTORNEY cm:mu_ nzslnsp sn - 7 - aa PRESENT FOR "mun. nun rm-zranzn ro PRESENT sans tssnnonv as' . 92 ' I 92 * . .. 1 . , 92 '_92J :3-' '_ B DURING PREVIOUS TRIALS. _:._; -__; j. 74 mes sn =m.L arm-znsa as nsczssamr urmzss II E -I -mzsnnn to nsov: DESCRIBED mum. om: AIRMAIL can ,_A:o?noa1|.:. omzn OFFICE nnvrssu SEPARATELIH w592 ,{r!/-/7} ;.f.»;¢;/H '--° ' 91.-wz an s92=.P22'955 A I _ FBI unsn no ' I I __1' ' - . P 1:! I '. __ :.;.? 1 M . ._ »- .- V!A- - ,.<~-K-;¢» '~¢=.. _.»...... - _ ,:=_=--7-Li» - 92 . _ __. ___ ' '_. _;_ __ . - .92.._._..._____ qr HOP URI!-'3 Of IIWISHY" Iltjrl 7.'»l.wr| ' BOIMUNICMIONS I IITFARIHINI DI Sf mt 1.. I {Mlf D» T0a':!;_ TI-win: ___ ' - W.ick__ , O SW2lW% . M;I n-.r~-yr TELETYPE . ;!1.3,||_____ . 92- ' "wad " YL ' K. . ~" .:.';-- ..}= _ ~ ~?~: i ' __92 Pi . -I FBI HASH DC wit-,.II .-}"I_ .1 H. " 5 ---_,__ 9"-=4.r___. I-BI BIRHGHAM _ . 92_ 1I --349 PM cst unszut 9-2|-as JBA ,1 _ _..5 I

to '1ii£'r':ron 44-zaeon nan I1-:w mm: ...- .1-i.u-.-_.-.¢-....=-h.-é3f:4.-4.-.¢~.-....-r ...... , .-.. ,»-,- ..,--aq-..;-n-.q,.- 4-.-. - ,. more IRMINGHAM » ""7 e ~' '_ 1 -q . 9 ' - _;___¬_; 1? 1, _..W CORRECTION:-' __ " . ' 1. 5?? . _ 1 3 to zzuztvrz sun at PM Iusmn nan: carnoaf-:0 I ~= - _ .4 O .? ' I 'I I! :- "'EUGENE ETAL: _ VIOLA 'IHOMAS:GREGG LIUZZO, AKA; ET AL - VICTIMS ,, ' .- ~_. - Til-_: L '1 O -. ca. EL. on noam: . ~M .1- ' J .-, " . V -. . """':""3. ' 92-i-..- --.'.!.¢ i 2 A ' PLHSE INSERT FOLLOWING RS FIRST PARAGRAPH HFTER REFEREiOt¢ ? "~ 'fm are orBUREAU SAl|Ol Assmnsu an vom:l'"- - L mvxsxon. _ " - ; ,/-LI. ECORR TIME IN LINE i SHLDB BE ' 25:! Pws] 1 taan C. 1 scan A - - » I-BI uasn ng__ ._ I ' " ~+1 _ I, -_ '5" ' ' 11¢:-lY T A

_ . , - ,. . . P . '_ 1 4 . ..g:4:_;~; , '3 _ , 92 1-_ . _ ,- _ _ 1|.._ I . ;; '~ K gv". - ;I~." '.".|1*~ . K L ._""""**' ....H _,,_ . .1'-- » - A - ' M . 1 ., _. . ' I, .7 _.- J . _ r..;L92£-3 1' . '. .,"l_> u» _- '. - Ii" " I,. I "" _ ' ' ' .L _]: . _. *" '1 1 _ _ .. _ri-4 __ ! i7 L O ; j ii "J _ U. : ~ 2'; - _ _-" . _ --_ " _ '_' _ _', 7 ,--_. _-"" _.' 92 . "' "-q-u --- v-~.» -'-_ _ in" __7$ _ V _ _ . J _ I .7 - U I, V J - @ . '5 , - ._.. I**l924||4w ..>~ ,._ . '59- Tainan Mr. D'DuIeeI92 "___ '' HI. Huh; H _____ ;":"_ _ 92 _ M2. Wick, ______MI. C5,-,].¢|| _ _ _ cum *§o+. . *n» l r,1'-Ft r-' ; _ 1, , "1 "r I "L. s°"o"..§;*; .' " L '.3IF_J * H. 0-ti ____ iir. l; ___ - , R1. T];- uf. Ti FBI noel: Tele. R- 2 w ' Hus 5 _'§___ 2:oaPn,C5I URGENT 9/20/so HEB [ll G1 _oh-l_;_____ to/pfgécton 4:2860l! § A L==__G=====j rnon MOBILE :44-1245: 2P f-92:I.n f ' ,., - /I 14}Q?" T u» .:= . EUGE n E__ nouns 1 :1 AL: VIOLA onzoo Lxuzzo. AKA, tr AL - vmcrlns. V v Lg .. L. , M _ _ ,_ _- _ ________t ___, ___,___,,_,,.. _...-.._..-,:92,:,_:., 0 iii iii oo= iti. V _ - . - j . . é»_ _, V .- -.4 v-.4-. .11. - - I 1. y .> . »_:. Q .' '1 1 _ 7 1, 7' -92, . REHOTEL to ounan u, szrrznssn szxrszu Lgszqo _- _ _ £_;»- Q? A _ on THIS oars, usa BEN HARDEHAN, nontsonznj; ALABAA,_nppE o ' ' AVAILABLE on ER ISSUED BY rxrtn DISTRICT count or APP£AL§;Y£ ' /;o 'JUDGE JOHN c. GODBOLD SEPTEMBER uxnsrsén, SIXTYSIX II couuzctlon - j Q... WITH REQUEST or tn: stat: FOR RELEASE or czntnxn EVIDENCE rnon A TH? $11733 GIT osoc, nob. iuis ohotn EADS ii Pair as FoLLoisi ' B? . .* was Siib notion is ananrsolsuaaaci A at FoLLow1uo7 . conoxtronsz our, IH£ ltgns or gvlosncg sung; as nEL;As£Q,=,____i__i Into ma tznrommv custom or nfnzrnsssutnttvs or in: r§g1g=;_44.26B55 aunsnq or lnvzstloatlon Ann SHALL REHAII II HIS;CUsTOD!_l;_h *»"_ ILL truss Excsvt HHENJADHITTED Into svxnzncs <1? onn1tt£n§g_ f? In snxo stars TRIAL. AFfEB.CpHPLET1ON or was stgjt taiALR@§l 41"? ; ~ ~ - L ___-_ .____ ___ RV " L 92 ; i I = . Q Q _ ,, I, can PAGE 0I§~ . 1. ¢. . n . . Q _JU r t : » . r'.- _92 ,- ' V _ I --1 -_ , o . .+ - - ~- _o#£ '1 w %-- D"lb. 5*? --1 ~ - 92-- . 4 '- I _ *-*~'- * . I .-1-'-§" nr é/1/I ..*. 1:-Id-rjns- $1;z';-<§;o. ; -' "' r II 92'|V! '»___.If {;'_1l1.!."_. "J/' *9 _ ,_~ __- r ~..- '.:-'i""'. 7' K 7 '- --..-.13-:92" _,_ r V .4/_1,fb6 . _ . .. _ _- '. _ I_ . ,1! _ 8 '7 A_;é____o".'-~;,5?_¢-,.=.,,_ I-; ___.. _.'_;,'4__A .1 _ [ I -_" F.g7.J 1q - _ - '' A " ' . '1? _-_i-. W2 Q - I - 1. ___ . 2 ~ :.¢ ..:1-: .,; V . _-. "'~"'*"1"I_ :"'-»':_-,-_~ -1 _-'*"_I-QIII|IIIIrqp-I---an-n-I---Q-.. . g_ ;. ---- _, . __ ~ ~ -----V i_ - 5 o oH;t .4 1 .=¢»... u..1>;o.o__o-~*.

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_ A 1% xi T" 1 PAGE two 7-_ E 4 . I - . . . !-- !~. - _I_, "- ~~y044.1§45 . an » ---~~~~~~~~*-51»-~»~~~¢~¢¢++~¢~<+¢+*»~++gav&a+::e¢;1@¢&- _ II THECIRCUIT OFCOURT LOUNDESCOUNTY, . _ ALIBAHA,ILL OFSlp _}' EVIDENCE INCLUDINGAIY PLACEDIN EVIDENCE! SHQLL TAKEUiN BE _ - f ancx INTO THE pustonvor A REPRESENTATIVEor tn: r£n£nnL_,; . BURElU'OFIND IUVESTIGQTIDN RETURDEDKTD - I THECLERK THEfa@. 'w»E.""-'~'.».-~__- OF UNITED STATESDISTRICT COURTFDR THEDIDDLE DISTRICTOF T?:M _ . I . -.i_ ' - _j;-_+;-~. lLlBlHl¢' ' Q $4 I ':§' unca, tut EVIDENCE INCLUDEDIN tn: notionTILED BY tn: ' ' ss§;@ or ALB&W HILLBE OBTAIHEDroam cLaRxaw U§D6_§E?TE%@D nan tusnzvtnnseusxt avA auazau Assn: nunnnu:*AvA1Ln§Lt-* ~ FOR STATEUSE IN CIRCUIT COURTII LOUNDES COUNTY HORIIIBDEA 1 _ . '_i. ssvtsnaan THENTYSIXhzxt. " , . + » ,_,m *§, J: BIRMINGHAM ADVISEDAIRHAIL. P. Q . END - _ *_ '3 E " ' ii T P 1

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TO : unre September 21, 1966 H?[

.1

On September 16, 1966, the State oi Alabama tiled a motion with the Fifth U. B. Circuit Court Judge John Godbold, requesting that all items of evidence entered in the trial of subjects Eugene Thomas; Leroy Iilkins, ind "1*"»' William Eaton in U. S. District Court, Montgomery, Alabama, be made available to the State Attorney for use during the state trial of subject Thomas in } 92Hayneville, Alabanh, September 26, 1966. , 1 _ 1 F: 1 V 1 .- Cn September 19, 1965, U. S. Circuit Judge Godbold issued an order granting the motion oi the state w . .. _ .-. ...92.-_ 41/ a..._...M....r._-o_,-..._ _ ._ '.Ai . - e...;.. .A~..&...-L-'.'.i...n|.1m..>..;.4¢~.4_;.__._..ai-__.. s

- ' 92 I

Rosen to Dehoach Memorandum as: _§yoauE THOMAS; ETan. _ _* '"- . - .._92_*_

to d guilty by the Jury on December 3, 1965. Each of the su Jects was sentenced to ten years in prison. 8ubJects_ Eugene Thomas and William Eaton were never tried on the ' murder charges by the state. Subject William Eaton suffered a heart attack onhatch 9, 1966, anddied. A - The evidence now in the custody oi the U. S. Hbistrict Court, which the state has now requested for use ' in the state trial oi Eugene Thomas,is evidence primarily developed in the FBI's investigationof the shooting and iconsists primarily of the murder Ieapon and bullets and

Hgmaterial, evidence produced obtained in at thethe statecrine_scene trial will necessarily search.Anysuch have »~~»~~ _e, to be introduced by the Agents who obtained the evidence, i The United States Attorneyen Hardeman, Middle District of Alabama, has advised that it would be desirable for a Bureau representative to be present when the evidence is transferred from the District Court to the state and_ 7 returned in order to preserve the_chain oi oyidence.§, ACTION: The evidence included in the notion tiled by ' The State or Alabama will be obtained by a Bureau Agent from the Clerk of the U. B. District Court and made ' available for state use in Circuit Court, Lowndes ounty, Alabama, on September 26, 1966, at the trial oi Eugene Thomas. Agents will testify as to their obtaining the evidence and the examinations made oi, the _ evidence. it . »,.called upon to do so. I ' P . ,4o - 1* 1 -- ._. A §.---F. "7- - 4...! 1: ts. _ , 5 _- -J... no-. ,' I ' , .~ 92, _!..~#". K-51e ." ti ~ '-'1 s 4 ~ a s ~. o ~ _ an . _ ! -_ a 92 .,_ -, .7 ' »" " . I. F? 'a . =.-7 =» = 14 -<- - 9 n J»- '1 _ '* 1" ' 7* ;%¢*"t>wr92 ~ ll '1 . ' - . ' -I. ' ' ' v ii-?"92 ' t-.0: -: -,1-=1 l -r92. . '1|'i5-'1 V.- inqn - - '" q . -E E. _, ' . _ H 4- .-v _,,,p i ' -" ..' ,- 9 - J _ _ -.' v .'_.__;~ I . __ , _ 3 -92_ . - l -- I - . - u - - . .».,'é"' I I 111' - .-A -- _ . _~-6 I .- _3' _ - 1 . . . . 1 .__ ,t33 I -1,,_. _ ,_.= __, ' ' .. 4"-: - , * . _ _ !._._ 3 _. -an 2 Q 3 , _;.5;_-f§|_- n 4-ft I .92 - r! 0 92 . ~ .' _ . 1 . - - . --.~- - .-" ~"t ~1ere ~= ~, 3-92 _ - _ =.g __t we -- » l _- . <-..;...:'IP13 ' .8-'"'__ it.:1 . 1 41;». "a.:I. :..-sn.u'" "i. ";

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Dole: 9/33/56 ,-11 . , . Transmit the f6 wing In _ _ _ _ _ 1_ _,___@___; Type in plainlezl or code-J -. -. '1" @ ; 4- AI EL _ _ ' . Priority! 9? .. T? Wt 1__ P'1 92 --_: J

In f up '1-0: nmscwon, FBI L_ll-28601! ~ -" . A, .?

. L; 3;: _ J .-l 2 i mom: sac, NEW O Y0R.K..41l-11110! - ,. . ,,-,__ . - _ Qf-~4-' 92 SUB-IEQT: EUGENE 'moMAs,' _§.;____.__ ,: A . -1:/. 92 .,92 ET vtomAL amass 1.111220 Ya.}-;a.; - . ~-~-': 1"";':r::_-5 1 . ' 1-:1 AL; VICTIMS ' ' - IE5 CR EL , ' -?T_"' 'Y ~ ' 7 " .-r ';4 > <=>6=M@BIw> .5; 4-'i;¢ V / .-' '1-.. .,_ 5.17 i :;.=_ ,5 [.117], _ an-L; . u Re Birmin'gham_tcle1;_ype _ - . If _ '. to ,vf,_ Di;r'ector,I.ndt!l'!,"-8»..-3: .-J F ; -4 instant mac, mos, 13111 saq drive LOA o Jashington, on su1§:i0éf{Q1,§_ D. Cl, = ,_ Friday, 1»/23/60 and rly ta Birmingham, 9/25/56;" sA __Y. will retvrn to Hashington, D. C.-,-via plane and retugm? - to NYC vi-'=. POAQ Cost to government w111not¢exceed§1 » cost.of trip from NY to B.i.mmgha=m; wank will be G1_:§¥*'-'==_-'*'- -f. annual Jc-we Friday. Per diem N111 not utar1:,t11I-'? 5"- 92 ..sumay ' "

'F. 7 -. .- ' 5 . -. . I ,>-FF 1 ' _ V ,.__~ 3-"3ur-can P-Bim1"'1h=P 14% 10*! - A"92?'! ""2r-- " '# I g Q '_"_ _ 5* . k is; Mif 2-1: Y gvi 01 : , . 9! __ -_ mIf-.w-=3 9 .|_.:£-. -§ 1 EML:bca '- 6 "$ I _ 1 .1-Q " ' g. Jul 8 -- ' '" > 11 SEP 2 92 J :4 ' . .. 1 - . '¢u3'392H " K if; . I fi? T Q 5.-ii? '. °' I 92-- ,/4" up J I; i . i. . dam; mu" j us mvm "am . IRVISIII-MIN mmwl I - F; COHMHNIC-""""S SECHU" MMr D1-'|d|.¢ sew: 11956 ,- hf =g~»=- .'.l'm .r 1 YPE .92 -_ f~T§ <-.._,__ !:- ."* "" --- _ .. 74%, "- f?"J* 1 I ,," % FBI unsu uc Q _.§ r: if" '4R92'e| Z_. 2__ . rJl:;"=-; FBI. MOBILE "}=nT:*" L}/42 an unsENT 9-2|-es JEB [_ a/L/ IIIQ _cnb'_: : fur - I ' ~o 01 nzcron AND axnnxnennn In rnon MOBILE <44-1245! - I? 11 : __ 3;?! =-1 _ i L , _ V ; 1 . , 7' E _ . . r? " ._ -_ 1- -9.. ._g:z_ . .r,. Q-.. _1.._. ._.- -, N -. }f!md T , . A.-...... --_-.-- U -_ f _ '. H 'EUGENE l HOMAS;ET AL: VIOLA anzee Lzuzzo, AxA,.£t AL - v1ct;ns. j *~***v#?rrv#r-~ A ; -. - 7» ~-*1 ?;;;;~=. - cn; EL. 00 MOBILE. , . '92 =1"~r _- ~ 2 .9 QM |. . 'iii?! t 1- ___ nnnreohknv, _- ALABAMA ALABAMA, Isslstnlr tnls nrronnsv ants sratsb GENERAL,-JOE TRIAL " or anscxéaanrrfiié§upQ£cr tunnjs A jpf IN czncuxr counr, LOHNDES counrv, unri;v1LL:,AéiQ5énn, IS qgrw j . . run one P.M., sswrsnegn rwsntvsix NEXT. ésrnrz nEsf§§s_Fo}ko-_3 I Ina AGENTS to BE PR£§£nI to PRESENI sgn§_I£sI1non1 As DP§£!§ ; ,§?' PREVIOUS TRIALS: Sn rs: Lnaon§ton1:1;%F£>17f, ; END . a1nn§|sankn;_§_|_|_:1__-____ . " A OF E VISION;-' -' ' . _ _ 92_:.;I+ ,_; END . . *'§ l ' »-"¥*$ fi" ';,¢~?¬; ." j? S" " q»,,,.17w=s»¢g,,1f»>'":=n,:»g. U-U1? -2.; 'J; _!.-i "f -. '.='X'¬;-." " _. 6 '7 F 6/ ' - ll if-I MM Av {Dana -§_""":"92B - V -~ ..,» 5 = F131 <' !;m:.._ ¢ T11 J". 92' .1 .4. L:»<*:: " ".""{-'_" v~:¢L-I ; . A ixl - rvig _ »» ,* 1- ' 1 .1.»-=1,-;.A1;~'?» C /!- 7 n-*~.-,' ' v_ 'l P . _ 5.}. I 4 :_ :7 I ...,__mt _ . ink? _-__I~~t1 i$I'IiIII"i"" *¢$*""* -' - _ - 1": '1; p _. -~-_.-;;H~;:- ; ipdw , A A %, .>;A= -' " :" ¥<~?¥~* s*.1-» ro-as ca". 5-pa-sq ,, j

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1111-up- I, 3| 10 = n:mEc'In1_=i_, FBI :44-28601! . , _ Q SU I FROMii. J V. 92 5% 1 sac, m13_1LE tau-_12h5! P! Q 7 mu 1*! 92 CT! EUGE|92!"_l '1HOIiAS; ET. L: - 'as?-~I1 5 .. .1, ' _-_..q.. _.-_. --. 1. 9271ULA GREGG LIUZZO, aka.j 71" -L-.' -"".~r~""'-'i;.~'-§_i»<¢__¢. ' '- , . . :~a.~"_.'"~ *i ET AL - VICTIIIB .f: f. - --"..,_ ¥ _.-I. _ . . ". . 92 'I-. U11 - ' i _ 1 - Q-1_'92h . , é . ,7 . Q ._ ,_.. 6111 ll|..I*DtEi;"9/16/66._' j *'V L '1. ~11? 1 , 118$ - 'Q 5 » - 3 - -5. . : . HeDe-feu I-A W Senior Res went Ag'ent,?Be-lnn, '""*'1- " 11 u 1 Q/L'b_92'-'1'Ch ql subpoen; on_beha1t_pf the bk. ndamr in instant casc't:.~ appeé r in 10?: 'a1 court -Er - !-layne- =_. M.'@=.==na on 9/26/06. usn BEN irgcnlery, Ala . , _a advis.-.:.; and he has-nzfobjection tb SA res poriding. 1 NIB ""*4 hlvwihe name _c-I tlaqriefeusc a I awn rr~ m the case . Cy_ ;_=..

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I0 35 Fl URGENT 9 26 B6 1 P sf?" _ to mzcron cu zsson um aznnxmm 123$! F _ _ V ..-F.:;_"- F ,-. rnon noa1Ls'<44 1245: Ir , §**' *; Q +L*9'l= 33 .:. . L zusznz tunnns, tr AL; VIOLA antes L1uzzo,m;"sr a1.,- v VICTIMS. cu; EL L 1.» nssxm-:s on sn 1&1: S aura, aiasamn nxnmusmm aka JOE anscn on-'10:, anntt as I11|;s§t§i1§itnitb-1 .l l sass, HAYNEVILLE, ALA., on: r n tnls oat: <25?! E; §_ ¬:i;;5 7,, .., .» > V arnnxnaunn lusuns rhzssncz or sA bvnol h * M iii ali _ -an #1,; L I

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1 " " R-°1t°1 9/31/55$ 5" .-11;! "' % * ;. ' - Air Lines -7- Flightat 4:09 p.m. 9/26/66:, rr v tol?£;;lf;H8n?:? .0 HI 1 = . ' U " case. "J , - . J 1;; _ 1,1 -,,»A-.e¢»_~:- 3 F.» _ _,f¬§, ,.,»_J_::_l - Y F: ' .' j '.*'92 ,' " 1' - .:"'.;¢; "3i_'.'!=¥"""i3 ~ $3 /{W "'3 'T""' . P j -=;l="~'?""--= I ' -I -§!%&wit j . . ~.~" , if-.~ *1" 3 '. -"1-*-11--§§;.;4*'1' L. f92 J» ¢ ;% A. MA 1: .. 41.;/~~1-3 I '_- - ll 1 I & ; I 92.;~1 . * M . " ' r l": 1 l ,; 4* /4UJ { MEW:bsm " 1 if. L 7.? . 1;*'»11m¥***% . . -3- 9- §'-§'§@P26.$6 *" é ~ v.' "_: - 4 ! T . __ I 4 I A F1 l _i <':2'i'i.'__._A:_é___i V 92 -I 'iIi'92M. _ 5 4 1 _._7q_,_ . 92 . »i-_ .s<l' -_ %,;_92- ,4.-I _'..' ..--wP 221966 ' *'L*'§ I ! '

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mm trims or PREVI_0US_ _ TRIALS ima nu; . . £xcsP11oiorrn£ . Q1 "_-»- /-It.. tzstxnonv or now: unon:o not arrzan. nzrznss consist£v1or# . j '3 . -. .1? _ Tssrmonv or cotton |utuoLs, or sauna rm, amp cog gznst In-:P_onr H ' - 1 F . _ 1* mg V FROM LEROY moron AND'TUO Psnsons in oAn*1n a1Rq1na5Ah,'t0fIHIcn 7' noisnvnars HAU GONE AFTERSHOUTiWG. _bEisnoANi DIDQEOT 1§§t1fi h§ 0 mun mum PM, est,-ALL rzsnnomr nan barn gnnfnso |92uB;92;*'§s?-*?:}f_"*"*""o - CLOSING nnsumsnrs HERE In PROCESSq Juoeg_xuo1cA1£o us m-zmuu unm. A oscxsxon us n£At:H£n.y,L/, , ~2'?&9I'§-f1 ahnuu um. gang?! Aovzssb. P... "_ o1».-$51?-*§-3~o' & A l ~ '< , I. » . ~ H »~*+ -'o- " -wasioo? - , r i _'__ -. _- ; . _ __ 92._ : Q - g 1 . Q! W _ ~.'_ _ f __V .. _ _ _ - _ _ L E | _ i _<_ _ P .92._ : _ . 1 . - , r- - Chain IIV|IlI Milan lemonID ll _ A -Q-Q. -_ In cw no. an n J _ "Q " , §Z§';.*..t 11% UNIT!-ll! S'l'f92'l'I"..'i K; RNMENT . Memorandum E

TO : ~8oLoach DATE September 23, 1966- ' 955

rnqu = 1 92 . Ag 1' ROS8!l'92:1;'/r./92 sun_|5c"r= EUGENE TIIOIMS; ET AI.-,; 1 VIOLA GREGG I.-IUZZO, AKB, ET AL C VICTIMS ' : luv. _ 1 CIVIL RIGHTS - ELECTION L_M$'S I Towel ...-_._ In HI. Del.-oacn inlet '.-- O0: MOBILE - .,, . T¢|§. Icon 92 1 _ llr.{'Rosen ' lichen .__ . Gqly .--_ on llr.' naney Q Ir. l|lcGovan 1 ~31;-_llr. Hines .._gur.llr.'1-ck! ' H loore , -e t , 7 ; '2 Eugene Thomas, the only remaining subject Conrad!charged by the state for the murder of Hrs. Liuzzo who has not been

__;____h _ tried, is scheduled tor trial September 26, 1966. o8nbJect....t., -"3 -- Collie Leroy Wilkins was previously tried by the state and acquitted. Thomas, -iilkins and William Eaton were all ._, tried on Federal Civil Righizs charges and convicted and _ " . sentenced to ten years. Subject William Eaton . .' died '1 , in '. F H ' Nay, 1966 I r e _,' r .-" - _ a " . 5 . I I . . 3: . O__Q - - . . ,' __ iiobiie advised the state has requested that Special hgentsjlarion E. Ilillialns of the Laboratory, I 1 0 - -Lawrence Gettings and Edward M. Lnheyt Birmingham, nd ' ' Archilild L. Riley and Roy ll. Eveland of Mobile, also appear and testify as they did in the previous trials oi subjects. The defense has subpoenaed SA Robert In Frye to testify concerning his interview oi Leroy lioton who accompanied " Hrs. Linzzo on the night of-, the shooting. Ev L 1 _i r--' E ' ' I so ilerion hiilli-ems hes teetiiied at previous , trials concerning the crime scene search and his examination of the murder weapon and bullets. SA's Riley and lveland t of Mobile have testified regarding their investigation at * the crime scene and their participation in the crime scene search. Srs Gettings and Lnhey have testified at previous 1 trials concerning their arrest of Eugene Thomas and i search oi his residence by search warrant. ' K; 1'1" 4-.-_ '3 -,* I . . . Igcpnrtmental Attorney James Turner was advised on 'request September oi 20 the state1966, of that the the subpoena other Agents of EA Frye testitynat and of Eugene.the ,. _,- - f_"§u§§§°=§§§ goong: p1'§§§b§§p§§£m§65-a°§<>B§§§§§E§§n£§§ 7 7"A .m1:sJn Enclosure-';-l J," _ ; __ REC 2692/_I_ 1'] __,. __* '2-/v -<$_'_ - "Ti1 o_ _ . n_ '--*- eoxrrzrmao - ovsa'5EP2§92 e Bntahey now assigned to It- am-1. in or ;§-*/ _..-ii _-_T n.-- ~ - e 5;- e' I 1 ~ ;-.~;-'-. ii-fr_;»__;,_'_ 4/ .-.. . ,.... ._=--.m.._._.._ P t n -~»W -»..~

ROBBH to DeLoach Memorandum BE: EUGENE Tl-101153;ET AL. . -II:-» ' -u mH$mmwwvmMm~wm»mt SA 92- that andtheytestiiying shoulddu so. f as.._uY1ey0d31":gzdpgsigzgez 3 andappearingstated tgints 92 ACTIO : e . N Attached for approval is a teletype to te gp-131;; Q theirInstructing thetestimony Agentsat preatous92 Ppear to Q trials and testify thin of in 11110 vithmltter, 92 SA MarionE illiams of the Laboratory hi; bagn advised andwill _test1fy='asrequested, " - ;

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I '0' - 4 _ 1 :1-.1; > -. I .'. . - J _ , ltxa>1' ''_--. i -4 -'~ r, 15 r -1 _ . .g,{ r . 1 ' 92 '92 _ "_ ' "'. f 92. -'--:- A. ~--_- _ I Q '* . 1-1-_ . Ill -*-1*. q * I ' 0 ",. _ l 5'_ . _- _92_V _ __ ._>":~ 1. ", - 92 Y92 " =92 !- - .1.{ aQ I- '1 , - 1 t < .< -~ _ ~ -¢.-- . A, -5 I V :4 @~t;@@ | __., '1 w I92 ' , - Q .. -- Jf__ " 92 *2t 32:3? 4 '92 . I J . _ 92'_ R .. ~. -_1_ -.92_ 5' V --9' . .;_,,, -- H; _ ~ 1» - HI! .6 . _ vi- r r~ - » 1» _92 . '-."t-Q - 3 » _ , - . - " '1-- -'-5-Q *_,'r;,v- ._l ' _ _ .. . _ I , ¢ "' . . -2.1 - _ . .. 4-r,,_;-_ .5 92_ 1 . _ _ ...1...... - _,..,____ I . - B A . ; ~? 3 .. 4 4.- - r--2 -' _.a*%' ~ e =-, yf -_ , ... . ._ -' . _ A .~- '1 I %<;E D Q "F-'0-.5.-8 " ' ' I - Soylonlborci,-_.- . ..._-_ -- .. _....-..._i ..._...;...... _...... _1963 _. _ .~._ I, . . I . .. .__._..._..._.i...1si..;;.._H_;..,...<.-.._.:$_. .. . osusnm. INVESTIGATI.DIV'ISION - '17. g j-" Eugene Thomas,William D.Jaton, and" ' ii Collie Leroy Wilkins were previously 3 clonvictedFederal oncourt conspiracy - 9 civil3-P895 re- rightsorker .5840 Mrs.theViola iatal 8hO0'£in Liuzgoof on_ - t' '- .;-. 5»-. - 1..-..., " .-I _. 3-- "' .'1 "'-;. 3/25/ 65;all eceived10-year sentences.." .c -'-92'"*L.':1-"_" -- Y "~- -Q!" -.=-.- fl Subject Vlfilkinspreviously acquittedin -, E state court I'Bg&Id1l1{1'charges related local -, t0 Sh0OIlQ'. Subiect Flnfnn dinri nnrl-I - f thisyear.9- __------- Attached teletype ._-_--.--- -92,.. Q;-q,;, advises 1u -"~ * Q A _ Bubiect Thomasacquitted oflocal charges. l . ._ . .. - -l . -1 .- - "*"-_ e- zwr" $-

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{Q IITELET._ / ?avw»+- FBI uasu ac 7 - ' an-=92__, 1 - '5'{mu-11 _ '9292 r '-'~-

rm mans 92 I 902 PH ' E; . '4 " . . F 431 .. g- 7- ..--._.. 7 92._,_ -» »4.. V. _-'--4- - .7 .,.., ' | . ?A?_'- -. ma:-znr 9/21/es *'. i iii . ._ Wi *.-J3. 92T'- ¢ n }/DIRECTORAf. /44-zssol/"&i§1L~A , . mm ma1Ls.'f/44-:24:/'5: V 5* 7' F" *1?-ii . . ".1; I . ' _ I '1" C Ire-1~,"§ . MERE ?HOHA$:,E_1nu rvxousame L1uzzo,ma-'2:-a|.-I Cr! :-;';;-.l;:t-1:1 Laws - , -. . ,-- ¢- A ,. -{F . ii y1cnns..ca7£1.. .. 92 t *-"7" W'__~=i--:._~~.=~'1~_¥'»4--Q, 3;;'- A 3"-" U Rrnn» .-_ m-.'-_~- --1-:"~n-5 ' cl-.~1 I " ,7. _- ';. "u.-_:5:l7h~ '" .

- _-.nsnozze THENIYSEVEII run: =.~~ 9. 1nstAn.- pl-H|.§-- 41*. Q.-» : 'i.-j $- I , . ¢ . .'- ' .- 4 i ~" at arrnoxmuzu1""-'i"~ szvzu ~ PL mntvmn . - Iusmn ;¥ 9* " mts;tni:"'.n|nv'é I" -¢ l I 3 RETURNED I--QQUIIQU. VERDICT AS 10SUBJET T|'|0l5a'-F-'1-_»vh5:¬.'i3f_:" ._uD _. _j-is -'.- ._ ii I14. 1 - .¢ . . . UA RIM ' ' . . 1 >4 £12":-77* na1u92sn.nc- - i ..h -Ell 92'gg~a,n£_-_*. i ._-_ » . ér =11;;n1:v-- . 2 an 58 % _jF ~'-»=-It .!H' _ "f Ir; ~~ -L*4 _ 7., I :_uT'J." . _<*%<¢:1*.1-5. .1. . _" A 1 . . 1 in . I 5 A "-4-, i * _ 1.., i r, ;--.-:lH'*-_ f '._ "1.=j.g:. l~ . '&/' * -K-iizlh* ' IL .'; »~=+%I*~1"i_*t;$5;;»;>.=.:@"Y@ 92 A 3 "R Y-Q 17"-:'~"*-' 62 0.0, ,1 _ 166 ;,.%.. I ' '' A" - :1 0 5 mini- '-1 f"~_-.{._.1*;.-.§ =;=--_!I_§'- 1 1. .,>-. -_»§&t -Q0;-N."I ,*1 1'___ _ . _ _ 1 .~ - - . ¢'=-A,": I-I -Qiiff .' - d Q ; ' I Clnu.Ill I'll manna.§V@N ' an Exp|g.|p - 'a -fallen ..__..... Ihlbli _i ' -uum.-3|! s1"/92'|'1=.s c< ZRNMENT ' _ ___ ',1 _ ' It__.i__. - - I|l!k._-.-.___ Memorandum _ A Cnorl-I 3;,-_-______-- ;i."%v.s.nnach1l1r we/66 _, ~ ;._._§..____ _ 1 Trol92n._._._ men =A_ Rose I . Mr. DeLoach .l;i;'..°'" - Mr. Rosen °-"v i , 4 ML M61119? " $lB}EC'I'=EUGENE 'lHOMA_S, ET AL; '- Mr, McGowan 1/ " _'_' VIOLA GREGG-LIUZZO, AKA,'ET AL. - Mr. Hine: 4, - vxcrnvxs y y CIVIL RIGHTS - ELECTION_LAW5 . " 1 n ' ' i _ - I u - . i ,.? . _ _ ; Eugene Thomas, the only remaining subject charged by the"State with the murder of Mrs. Viola fiuzzo web has not been tried, A J, _, Subject is scheduled Co11i_e__ for I.1e;1;91___/__ill__<;ns state was courtiiiiuj previ<:' tried -Alabama, by the sta¬t'e'iEH today. ///Q -~ j ' - acquitted.'_"Ihomas, Wilkins and Willis __ aton were all tried on, "."__;.-7-'3'" - Federal Civil Rights charges and 'EtTnTriT:teH_'§1Td sentenced to §en§ears. .

-92 Subject W_illiam Eaten - died in Ivlay, 195%. . I i--... 1-5 i- ? 3 1 1. " 92 -i 0: the Mobile Office egned ' I today C 7- l and stated the Alabama ssistant rney General Joe Brock Gantt - 'who is handling the prosecution of Thomas, '¢'t';'|;'i-ti."-2% the }v'i0ntg0merjy' - Resident Agency and requested that the mmes oi 33 individuals on the -92-- juror list from which the Thomas jury will be selected be checked through ll the indices of the Mobile Oiiice. Gantt requested that any pertinent - I - 1Ilff.3%.1I1."i-°*'1ti0?>' the files of the Mobile Dtiice lndi'.:e.ting Klan or tzitisen is- council membership on the part of individuals on the jury list be furnished i I to him for his assistance in connection with the selection cf the jurors. _ __ £3 -; w ' . _- . . .- . ._,_ iu-r - I~ . .§t.1.1.==i=.=....¢ST According _.P-..n1-..iYe§53'11sFn to ihe timely selection @961:-t time * _ guy is to commence t - I . In connection with the second trial in state court of Collie Leroy Wilkins beconducted in October, for state 1965, officials the Department for their Hxsistance requested and that the a similar results check thereof' E _ '" orally Prosecutor furnished Gantt to today the State for similar Prosecutor. iniormation his was has done. beendiscussed The request with of _.; ; A _|92this Depa_rtmentnl urrent request, attorney James 2 Turner u who '-~ requested " --1 ' " that¢yg_;_;:§"/n./i we comply with "5

- ' "_i t . _'.Q V -l- t _, "'5'-'92_! ___ _ _ JGK:jda-- v - Continued-Over mu !-$9 =#B_*'¥i5"_;'Z. an - '! q =~--* : , J. I _7 . - _ .¥ _ ._ _ . r, . i II-nun- ;; §"{° s it L no n f; it __§,.-=;,,,5h,:. s w|r_g-Q- :1. -_-~ ~ -.,m_ ,-~ .-*i"'t' - '-.-.-e.-n H>#*~'r92_>"kQ-FE? '-""--,"..'-Q --Y ll '- i r--"'-' - -- ." ~- -~ - i =1» -< ~----"~-~~- *? 'l ' §

_-_T ...... ______ _ _ ,, - A .--Iv. . , _ AI-Ill ," at "92 ."92 I

_ emerandum to Mr." Del.-oach : EUGENE THOMAS -->-.. ' Q_ ~ . The Mobile Oiiice has advisedthat there is nothing ' derogatory in the files of that oiiice concerning Joe Breck Gantt, -1 Assistant Attorney General of the State of Alabama. It is noted that Gantt is Assistant to Richmond Flowers, the Alabama = attorney whohas beenopposed Governor to GeorgeWallace ue tn manner in which Alabama has handled its integration and Negro . problems. Gantthandled prosecutionof Wilkins in October, 1965. A - . A £1- The Mobile Otfice has further advised that of the _ - 33 individuals on the list to be checked, more than half of thein are Negroes and therefore, will not have any Klan or citizen v»--v--as

councilalfiliation. '4', I Q- ,j __,_ '1 _;_jl.-§;_:I: ~ The Mobile Officerecommends thatcheck .:' -1 indiées be made andthat the United StatesAttorney pr the i,_ ___ _, i Departinental Attorney on the scene in Montgomery, Alabama, , 'i be orally advised of the results of the check andtint either t-he é '4.- om- United States Attorney or the Department-al Attorney furnish A i I the information to the Assistant Attorney General of the State of _ ' t t I ' _ v -. -'-'5:-l .,.- 7 -' __ It1 i ACTION: H approved, the Mobile Office will be authorized to l nish orally tothe UnitedStates Attorneyor theDepartmental _ a Aticrncy on the scene the results of the office indices check so '-I -> that such person may orally furnish the iniormation to Assistant , t Attorney GeneralGantE' _ , =3 . _ .; , .e "4V _ » r ~ 3- ' ew-. -' ant;/L» '' ' " k . , __ 3 1 :-_ - .. , ~ ¢ I. __ 1* |-L' - .':.l»q_Q. . 1- ll A ' ' @ I _ ', we . s,, 1. .t ;_ , +s- 92-. . i M 4 -an; f|~tt'..:. 11' ,_ A ,92w..~~~:<»-- Q1 ,,,. I . 1. . _ _L I 92 . _. . , T _ no 8 In * '_i. ; ._ - _ it ,_ 7' ,..l _ . " * ' - J I". I I I L _ ; ___=-i._,_-1's- { -. - _. . _ ' . J, . I ' ' .,_,_ '_ w - "-1 - e:;m92a:=:£=>.-x-a-.: ',,. 6'4, 1 "r """ 1 .. 1 I " _ . '3_ I _. 3- . - -11;: .t.-:a-.1-.'.-G;-=:;"-_»a+.i-L-re-:2'4? _i.-_ can-l|.|ne.ne.n hires. I unm-:0 STATESK/JERNMBNTvi -n fa M emora dam l I3'§i¢§°§.LL.ma E3? To= Am. Conrad mm 9/29/as Tirol .- non R.= JH. 1 -Mr. ' Williams'Yn92wr. A . O - II will-:cr= sucsmamoms, ET AL.; I l-IOLA92.m.s"GG1.lUZ2'|0,, ETAL, W ~ ..M.*"* , I 7,tr VICTIMS;ca; EL 13% At the request of Alabama Attorney General Richmond Flowers, Marion E. Williams appeared in Hayneville, Alabama, on 9/ 27/66, and testified at the trial of Eugene Thomas. Flowers was assisted by Mr. Joe B. Gantt. Judge T. W. 'Ihagardpresided. The defendant was represented By Mr. Arthur llianes formerBureau Agent!. ..'-u3 '" :. _ -I--no , Thomas, along with Collie L. Wilkins and W. 0. Eaton, was indicted for the murder of Viola Liuzzo, a civil rights worker who was shot near Selma, Alabama, on the evening of 3/25/65, while engaging in the transportation of civil rights workers between Montgomery and Selma, Alabama. ' ' J SA Williams testified that two bullets recovered from the victim's automobile, one from the body of the victim and four . 38 aecial cartridge cases found on the shoulder of the highway near the scene of the shooting were fired in a revolver found in an automobileparked inthe yardof Thomas"sresidence. He also testified concerning his examination of the victim'scar. q - _ .- " . . 1. The casewent tothe jurylate onthe afternoonof 9/27/6§,_andLa* _ I verdictof notguilty wasreturned approximately in hour. one a; ' : The jury, made up of eight Negro and four white persons, was the fin lbiracial jurychosen the in fourtrials gcwingout cfthe murderof Mrs. I.-iuzzc. Wilkins was tried twice in 1965, the first trial resulting i.n a hung jury and the second in acquittal. All three individuals were tried in Federal Court in Montgomery for conspiracy to violate the civil rights of the victims and were foul

guilty. This verdict is now on appeal. , , T 44-zaaoi __"__*; Q-1 £0 ,,.W_ £00; ¬ M15 @9111 ' ..-u_$F._.....-5.'j._--. Mr. Leach. . at-. MrMr. Wick_[Attention risen Attention: tnes,. es, Room 4264!,-,5? Roz:hd'262! - on- §92-a- - i§§n..mw./ conmwEn~ov1-st; - _'--'.__ "-.-id ____/ @200 141966. Y .. %l"5 --I!

Memorandum to Mr. Conrad . Re: EU NE THOMAS, ET AL.; s VIO GREGG LIUZZO, AKA. , ET AL. , - - VIC MS; CR; EL 44-28601. -n-.

Eaton diedseveral monthsago and,hence, cannotbe triaed. ' In the trial of Thomas,Attorney General Flowers decided not to use the testimonyoi Thomas Rowe FBIinformant! northe testimonyof Leroy Moton, a Negro teenager whowas riding with Mrs. Liuzzo whenshe wasshot. Flowers stated thatseveral jurorsin theprevious trialshad remarkedthat theydid not _ we-'believe Rowe'sstory because he hadviolated hisKlan oathand Motonmade an ' exceedingly poorwitness. - ._ . AUHON: ' ==j- '5 , ; I, For information. M .- H " __,, t 7 '1' " ' . -a ~. _ cl. I R _ - C = ',__' !.t"'S:/t_f' ?~t*'.i A L ' 1

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V 1 FBI -"- Dale: 10¢/5 ._ ._..,_ Transmit the? ioll in ______-¢__ LT . Type in plainlesl or code! W i _ Bi. Vin _ 1 A EL _ _ _ 7 ____ Priority! ---11_. -____-.-.q_-___ _ ____, -1--¢-_--.-_¢---_@-p_._1_

. V! A * I0 : nmzcron, FBI up-22601! ; ' FROM = sac, 1012.118 I111-121|5!=! s - '

,>r' SUBJECT: b*'~G*:3IlE 11101-IAS; ET .",. 'AL: 1*-' I in _ J _ VIOLA unison LIUZZOJ aka.; ET AL -3 _ ',r1gT1;43 -- I »'-1 - -- Q Y ---- 4 L7,; - EL 2 . 1. 1 ' = 1' P '1!

- Du1Luw1= Encll2= 134! ,;_ < ,L|'~92'E> ; ".,. .. ~ _, .. . __ ."T: _,. 'A 2- I-ir>bil" ;._¢1os'ed for the.-Bl1°B921 We, - fO921I'.l'¢'=o£:§:a' oli ttelz-head memora :--2: ndun concqiz-ding - the ' - f'cr1a 1- o£"- EUGENE- lt§1H¥nev111e,"1'H!1 - - Ala. 6'n l:u.1 chhrge, one co furnishédK ,=92_- U3A,*'§|ontgamI!ry, Alla, qpnuuqu - ; s ?<'§§°" = . -92.r - .0 -_ .- . SKYJ H jg. 1 .1, ; K?! .9?-92 L $--v |' is; H rt . . - 1 ' - -- 1. l p -1' _ 92 ¢ 4 - - In 1,:~ 92 I :d' A Q i. ;~_ v D _ ,4"?- -92"I » _... ~ 3' 15 '- '- --'--1" "'1.'*'PBIIIIl-Q1 , , ~--- _ .: -- 5 r*-. *- fir. . --r 92 4 yr . T II. .-, ;- l'_- I . - 1 - _.

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rznnnn nunmu or INVESTIGATION " 1'.-;,,"f$',"""""""""" Mobile,Alabaun 3u1>o1 * A '"-F October 5, 1966.

I § -

} . 1 ' EUGENE TI-I01-M3; ET AL: ' VIOLA mesa L1uzz.0- E'1AL - VICTIMS * I ~ -- h _ _ _~_ _;!- -'_ _ V _ F-l _=" . , _._, - __¢k- , - - '._,:i_ -¥'___92 I.,»¢ .,_ - 1 __. -.-- ,- "Av; '.' I'I'92l- - I_ -|._ if... Q 1 .. I _ A ;__ ' .- in Lo'.~md~1r1'm.sCounty, memorandum Alabama, pertains an September to the trial25-27, of Eu 19664011 ene Thomasa charge -A» --' of - m5,;1'dc1-. A - -A - 55; 4- -~-~'~,------'-*--:e-:=:-:-ee-»"-.t§:--'=*1**'*r+:-:1-,7:srr.':v-::*_ -§_- ?% o _.- 92 =.'= -'.3cpt~:mber16, 1966, U. S. Attorney Ben Hardeman, 1-'E;111'q;".*|.|01;.',advis_eC-that .-Rlabama, the State of Alaballlh had. filading a all petitionitcu.-E withevidenge of Fifth, Circuit we:-e!enteré,d?,1n<"the__that Judge" John-jodbcldrequea_t;;- . - ' Fug»; 'I'homa.':,A1, in =.u. s. DHr1ct'CouJ§'t, Et 3r+bA4;@>gp1~y;r 1l'Ban'.e,"=be node avail-ableto the Alatiana State;Atto_rney,t§r'use during ;, the state trial of subject Mtongs in Hayneville, A1Jbané','¬et' ifqr 1-I:>|1:1-1;-,September 25, $1956. Hardcmnstated he desired that an agent 1-; [=;0_s£mlIwhen the evidence wastransferred;-1f;£he T requestserve tlr. chain x-cmgranted of evidence, the,by -=.Court 01' Appea , A-; orergtb15, gre- ' .K - = _ -' - A A 2 , " Cn September 20, 1966, 9.15. A'tt5rney_Harde_mn,mdc" available the ordexuiesped by the,Fi_£th Dttr.1ctz_Cou.rt}of'Appee1B,"t which granted the motion fer the release Qt;t_he_*etv1dénce,""-"-_'I'11e-1' ordur rem}: in part !':>?;L1uws"5-;ai@3 motionis §én'-ieéuhject" to the f:~11owi.ng cond1tione;., _1!the items pf; fvidenceberrelteased - 1nto_-j=thc tenporary custodyof a representative ofthe FederalBurea exceptof Im-"e::t§.__-atic"-nadmitted him:and shall evidence.remain into in his adlnittél cnatod £1! at 5:11 times, 1.11.8315I1-'-8bB 5 "- trial. .'~.t.'t21~completion of theiéta e trial in -the Oircuit Court anyof L:-vm<;;; placed ix: County, evidence! Alabama,ahal1_he all of the taken backsaid .v1de.-nce_nc1ud1ng intothe iglatodyof = a repref3ent.:-tiv of the Federa1:Bureau $1Jnveatigat On nd ' rdm-ned to H16! Olcrk Of__th8 U. $. D§._Btr1ct; _20uJ;'.t.IO§_ Middle , -.,- - -== -J § A ,,~ _- _ .,A,._.=.-..,> la Aiélfi _~ - II I A r_ .. _ _ 1 , UII £.}'.p1:r.-mbCI21, 1906,Alnbuun Abaistantttornei _ _ I Gun-A-1-1. J.-'=H1-eck hmtt, M:»:1t;7:>us:1'y, Alalranna,derr 11-cdtln: ~=- 4 nanpr}: zinc-' tea?r-.1 1.-1'I:L|e_'iu11u as durqng1.1115 Pl_f3}'.1.;92;.' li[;'ItliI_3"l_1>r-[H1-p168<$tfl.t ' Tl13"_tI1¬!!.5 - """ :j"'?SA§ ix 1 AI .-..§;~ * 1-1 Q ',-1 . '-~ ,1} - 4'}-.1Y'=__ '! ~_ -- - I '._. . - _~, t .

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_-r EQG"l'I!!'-'1'I!Ol-113'}; ET AL: __-1,-'.e_ ',e;,' . vm Glllst} LIUZZO; ET AL - VICTIMS -.:.-?=~*'- - -. A 92 _ - 1.-, V.- §_-E _ - ' " . ' . _ F: ' : 1

, and _ l_.'> I 1_1e..;':;-121011" ,. 1n.-_| "em ti;-2 pl-sconce ,1 .L5A 1,1 I .11 _1.:L:1l1i!!l!1:Tl-!a- an Off Lee , - - ~ o U 4 5-1>::ci-'11 A~'0nt of the Mobile bffice 7 ~ on Septem1_wor 19; "1936, 1-:;:;_Lcr92-'eo a subpoena -on behalt of the" defendant. From prior trials 1 was believed that the teg1;;|,_ cout1.:1rJ.Lct;-1"; manyto ho.elicited statenrents from Agentwould :.Bda_ by ;p;,_y 1'.-1Qt¢n qe concernir; 111¢e;;¢1- hing the1;;-19' ._e..up,._¢ - I azltombilrr from ._..__ . which_.. the ilhntewere _ _. ._ ., _.. fi1Bd"'|;3t_kl;111iQ_!j,gf;1m____?s. _ __. _, ;-, 'L.L'1.;.w-- . 1 f f -- _. -A-V - - .9 f.'IilI1in"' oi Sc-pizember2-1, . Specgél Event _ :."=.-.; U;-*3; mfzainedDistrict the. etridence Ur.-nrt "l=".~nt{;Umery,-.» 31'r092-.1auafq, A11. 23, 1950. . 13¢, 3 1 - :7 _ 5; §;",q$¢?,'*"f'~.§92ar! -. . " * no trial of~ v = ins 4 =-- {ant case ; I1: :began ' #1:-;.-a~..a.;¢ September-gg, 71 "1965; 7 . A The dry M. L.3pL'ClI1bC!' 26, 1966, ayes taken up .U1.t;h th mpaneling S8pt'3r.1b of the _j»-3;-, 2;, and a19t';G,'eo1n[:5e::ed "Jury :.I web finali :-f 8_§5g1'cSC:s selected and-1.J_ on :1;hit_§s"'Q tl1'.;;m31"p;_%4Q_[ T ' '1.-:. tixnpny pr-:;oeec1c6 :11 1z_1'*prev':15u_é yr'1a'1Bf§?'HOCvei', ' Gary I'hor::. 1{<,92;e "and Darcy Motor; wee not. I-dbeenee 5.120- t8at§.1y.' Special A_-:m:- [email protected]r:1"c . _L. aid-nei;.etaa1:1r,*';' {'¢ _. ;{ 1 -;:"a_;;-'..%-.492ie-k.;r*1_-.1»-~:.,_ J__-e,r_-- I. x '1_'ial was bonéluee on September 2T,L19§6' resulting '; u. --"111 an r-cf§'11tta1'92ie1*dict. A *=-- -.4". ?i"'1.1**:i- -A - ~ - 0 = Q --_. 1- ;_- " -- --a. ;_§;_;..g-of -=:.- 17.-1'--A;-"*.-J '-'"-11* '1':|1a document cz.-nta1n:=. héither récomzaendét-1'o'a nor? - ec:":el'.::;i:;u». :1 the 11'BI.I It 1s'£he ."J:":Pert$"'.:!"*'t1:e FBIa':§*!'.*.eJ-' '3 tributcd 108.106to owtslde _',-';.u.l agency; your ager;gy_,. it anti its .1 i:c'mi:ents'axfe' - 5 -_ got, !;¢ -,1.31g, db.-' . ' T 1'

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Re San Dmepo a1rte1to Bureau 8-52-66 I f 1 a, adv1seL xon D1str1ct Attorney'sOffaoe 1n this matter, '1 -4 placeand 1t 1s due h1sto a personal lackof evidence opinion that§ 1 1no proaicution H111 take

gs.-11¢J ax; add4t10na he developments will inmm-am-21y Lhih matteradvuc than;11¢; _ The Bureau w111be appropriately adv sodof gpy deoiopments.I Q; "' - 1 ~ 1. ilk Q1. ii ""t92-;:L'§'rI "EMU In i; 0 58: 2.! M;:».§2..¬is"/924 '7 in I, Iii - J E -92: NJ"! u, A1-w .9 a , ¢w* *

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-v _ lie New Orleans letiex-I to Bureeu,5B/J78/66, I __ E E On 10/12/Do, Q Fifth C ircu 'it Cou1t of Appeals, Nun " U1-learls, ., date of hearing has as yet been assigned in this matter. _ . . 92 . = .¢ - a ' ' will advise the Bureau anh r-1ob11e'oi"_dec1b1j6a in 'zn1B_ matternr - - ' " _ ** iv ~ Q "5 ~- ' =' "-" I-"lobilc Bureau ~11:-12u5! - E ~'i" ' .,~--_-.~ 1 E r-* - New O1-leans _' 1 _ cst - - - ' ' ' 3, 'F-1.} V an} _. _.92', 3'-, ' -4' 1| ;- ~ / 1 . 'Q L -|-" _. ' 2 1 1 , kl . re? 4.; . ' 1 Hm. ; ~ - I a l -= 9'" S-4: ' ' ;1.':.,;92 I»! '-~ " ' n-I .1.-4 "ii _' .'92, é . E I § 4,, :_-.- I - -"92' é-5-".'1'-§"1-:71"-'3' - '4 92 *7 I ~" ' _- % ,- , 1 -. 0-

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1 Pn'or|'ryI ¢-1-.4--__1-_¢__ I 9 " aw 1 V ~ ' ; . T0: Director, -FBI 4-28601! _'._ ,- .. _ f " -~'. " ___; . 7- u I _ " .7 I-{#2 ' -.' FROM: sac, nqu-o1t~I'-643! 6-L; 3 ' 4_,;.-§.,- . " _:,' . "SJ Q E - VIOLA EUGENE1.1uzz0,'nn., moms tr 11- _ ;. ....-...... _..,...... _,._....._..,,._...1- -, ~*~-~1 . - . -_ M,_.__" E'rAL-vrcnuw A. .-1 I 01" .1 CR 0: " EL labile! 5,; g - .W_!. I _ Y"? '" I --I-W . "I. . .~ H Re D_eI:roj.t tqlqtyfe 11/___2i'/66;, __d_.i1'%.t§1t'I~_-'»_y~' '_{ T ' t 1 1 " Enclosed for the Bureau " Ire 'twoI'éoIaIes I»-"'5. f LEI! ' *'*'* "5 '_ I§§§,'n§t:§1§? I""°°° cf _ '-1'.'?°'I _'_ .'. ".."°.='?°P'~.,..'°'-P! ¥ ?f?"?¥ ' E. I .. !'..,;. 7 - I * I I" "";1* .=*». ll . 1 L1 -3/L Bureau Detroit Eni.-2 2! ! |{'[!'?= '."~ . "- 92§¢:'!§ r.-:;.;-n-.1;-'*§-*I¬*;*=5'~-@_; :1:-sf ".1. z. »w'='.'i"_1~t92_; r ,3! 1 Q»_ ». _ . _._,,,__ ,__ _-_., 74 4 =~< _ =_ ..a.Es.la.s ..»J92.~~».q .171

U192.lED STATES DFPARTMENT OF oUSTICE -- "1 e -,- _. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION :u:§?__i , _H|, xi. ' November Detroit Iichigan 22,_ 1966 ~ - ,_ I _ iv _ vi ,_ .?

Re; Eugene Thomas, Et A1; i Viola EtAl Liuzzo, - Victil ' _ a- i __ On November 24, 1966, Anthony Liuzzo, husband ' of Viola Liuzzo, 19375 Marlow, Detroit, Iichigan, advised the FBI!Detroit that at Otrice about of 11:30 the Federal £.o.;on Bureau Ioveaber of 20, Investigation196a,~e<»m:f5§ff~ a shot was fired through t e front window of his hone. Ir. Liuzzo advised that he was not at hone at the tine _ of the shooting, but that his children were at hole.- Be advised that no injuries were sustained. ., ; F37" wDc'ro1| !, l!chiga1 ce 1!U!!!!| o ovember 22 I I 1966 tha t a - 22 ca el- her bullet was ahotr" '1 tnrough the front window ofthe Liuzzo res id ence an, d was tting the wall opposite the window. ~= advised that Thomas Liusso, age '15, . l found a .22 spen cartridge in front oi the Liuzzo residence. " ~ - ,1; . advised that a eiailar incident _ was reported about ? wee ago from a neighbor of the Liuzzos. e advise d that his incident could be the result of union

activity on the part oi Anthony Liuzzo because about two reeks I ago paint was thrown into the automobile or Anthony Liuzso. _ '- dvised that" no suspects have h.? been developed regar g incident and that investigation is continuing. 7 ._¢,- -j - ,¢qk@_;;.r3]. L, ? - . . . * 1 . -. -1 t This document contains neither recoanendations' 4 nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI _ and is loaned to your agency; it and its contenta_ara not; i to be distributed outside your agency. g ;§.?"*' Y * b I I _ __ . .2 ' ' __ g,- J '-;.:_ . - . " _ ," 9 .".,:-I -_-92, . % I ,' V: I ' '-_-._t J; :_g92 . , _ _ ,. _ :- - ~r- ~ ~ " ' - '" . . . .. - -*5 . r I. '. ~ -. . . .1 s1,, . 1.; . . .1 . . I, I .r- --_92_,_» -. ~ -- 1 . a_ 4 _ -. ,3; - . 1 , ..,' - __._ 92 .,* ._ . - I av---1.; . _ - _:_F'ur _- L; r I ;J d ; _ _ ___ .' _ _ h lv . v ; f F, _.AL 11¥_,,e . ,:*i.g:§ V '_ " _!*1..'**-:-.'i; " _. *5 .-rmmmnr .4 4"?¢ "e

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3U3J1'3cT3 EUGENETIIOBIAS, RTAL; V10].-F GREGGLIUZZO, aka, A /i cn; ET AL EL- VICTIMS _ I ' __ q_ 'i"92w-Re OrleansNew to letterBureau,10/18/66. C! ' on 11/28/em_ b i uuisiana,F Fifth advised Circuit that court _theof case Apyeals, is asignedNew for D1'loa1§s,__..__.j__,,,-,__,,,;_,__,___.. ' ' " t January 19,1967 at New Orleans,Louisiana. ,- Will advisethe Bureauand labileof-ii. ' decisionin this matter. - pg ' i ."" | . '. in : I V -.' : - " __ - - ~ .». mp!! . * ; .1; .=!' '-.kg n. 1- I . L _;r8§.. ' z .-'?A .1__ 1'5- .-

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Director, FBI i'!.".. '-. DecemberiU 1966

a I , ' - 92 ' -s J. Walter Yfeagley, Assistant Attorney General, Internal Security Division _ _'"

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- r --The Acting Attorney General has asked me to iorward ---to you the attached memo Uhich he received from lalistlnt Attorney ' GeneralJohn Doar of the Civil Rights Division. It is "requested that all of the listed names of defendants, subjects and attorneys be checked against your indices to determine whether any appears in any wiretap or electronic surveillance recording, log or file. - '' would --It beappreciated ifyou couldgive this matter Jdirectlyyour prompt to I-Ir. attention.Doar withI would acopy suggest tothis your office.reply be sent- _ .

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-1 q I - - ." - _ .- . _ ' HMORANDUMFOR THEACTING AITORNEYGENERAL _ _ Be: Evidence obtained by wiretapping or - - ' electronic surveillance. MEMO H0. R93, __p Hovember_§,i966. *W, 'l__,g - 92 - 1 - . 0 . - , - - . In your memorandumof November 3, 1966, to all_- -~eUnited States Attorneys, you solicited information _...... ..... regarding cases or investigations in the development' of which wiretapping or electronic surveillance may _' "have been used by investigating agents.- . - "

'I have no information that wiretapping or electronic eavesdropping were used in developing _ evidence in any investigations or cases pending in this Division. However, this Division has had several - complicated cases involving allegations of conspiracy ' by members of various Ku Klux Klan groups. Confidential information from_various sources unknown to me was used in developing the facts in several of these eases. In considering court action, or further court action, in these cases and matters I would like to have the assur-' nee, and would like to be in a position to assure the court, that no wiretapping or electronic surveillance had been used in developing the facts. Y ' " The cases and matters which I refer to, the defendants or subjects involved, and the attorneys for the defendants, are as follows: _ - _P*~

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DO: MOBILE:

REBUAIRTELS TO BIRMINGHAM DECEMBER B AND DECEMBER Q LAST¢

CAREFUL CHECK OF APPROPRIATE RECORDS THIS DIVISION

CONCERNING PERSONS NAMED IN ITEM NUMBER FOUR OF AAC DOARS

HEMO DATED NOVEMBER § LAST JUSTIFY STATEMENT THAT N0 EUIDENCE

OBTAINED DURING INVESTIGATION OR UTLILIZED DURING TRIAL OF f. PKRII ii LP QR Kl PI Iliilhlll lnnlnlln I qpmi-1 1 ruum IIHL IIF un EL;u|nuNlu SUHILLLANUE

1 ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE TEOHNIOUES UTILIZED IIDELY ON THIS I I oavrsnou ounnns INVESTIGATION or anpaous case IBUFILE 157-1025! 1 BETIEENSEPIEMBER 15, 1965, AND rcanuanv, 1966. ONLY PERSON -».__ I NAMED IN ITEM NUMBER FOUR DIRECTLY COVERED BY TECHNICAL - I 11 c'<'= »<4"5*" IN}. 1/W .-.-:Z.".g,,~.,' - - I: _. .1 1: . 92_'=1 I -'-I.-|'.-bk .' T " I-I E I .' M __ I -5" . I '-I;-_" _,- ".1.-" "',- "~ -P3. IRIIL I-I7-Ill D.TIIUI - _ Ink ..-_ IQ ..-.._ Ccpl _ Cllldm . Dplrd .... Fulc ..._... DECODED COPY I3-1? iuldivnn-T. Ts.-e! = oiT EIAIRGRAM [:1 CABLEGRAM DRADIO BTELETYPE -v_a-Q-_-q----¢--1--_p4-.a->_1--_q--___.pg-- PAGE 1110 raw annunnemnu 152105 ' '' an-an ' ' - ''1" I SURVEILLANCE Is _ INSTALLATION mv0Lvme mzsmnss I I 111101»: IN _RESlDENCE EVENING JUNE 21; -- 25, 1961;. I

II ii1i5TIiLLiITiOii DESIGNATED Bi-Iiiih-Fl iiOiv'iTOI'iEE1 UiIiTii. JULY 25, 19611 I I IHEN 01sco~'rmuEo. omza PERSONS RNTIONED IN I_T__EI_A !UIAB_I£l'_I__I-"_O'_lJI=I______ I IARE NOT SUBJECT 0F TECHNICAL INSTALLATION. RESULTS or PREVIOUS IPA OF RECORDS AND L005 MAINTAINED BY THIS DIVISION SUBMITTED TD I BUREAU OCTOBER 29 LAST UNDERbAPTION, MICROPHONE AND TELEPHONE I SURVEILUANCES IBUFILE 66-5815 mo 66-580!. THIS c0wuI~IIcI92TI0rI I

INCLUDED BREAKDOWN ON THREE BY FIVE INDEX CARDS OF INDIVIDUALS 1'1 COVERED BY INSTALLATION AND INDIVIDUALS IHOSE NAMES UENTIONED A _ #ounI~e MONITORING. E ~J IITHE CRIME INITIATION INVESTIGATION IN THIS CAIE OCCURRED I , amen 25, 1965. ALL TECHNICAL SUI-'IVE:LL-='ANCE covcaaes Tcauumrco ; I 1-mon TO nus one except au525-11 IHICH us INSTALLATION IN ~ I AUTOMOBILE or BI-I505-R mm HIS KNOILEDGE UTILIZED AGAINST susm-zcrs H IN BAPBOHB CASE NOT MENTIONED IN ITEM NUMBER FOUR. NO FURTHER 4-III [Riv I ll-Ill

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Is" its 1 Q. H I-I =3: =n.:s el Te-lass ._____ UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT ,,;_,"" Ilct Memorandum Gsls_i.-..-_.. II ! r. Debeach E; ll nwv Deceaber 82, 1966 :;;f JUN _-.._ 1 - l~1'- III!-01¢ FROM I A. no Q 1 QHr. mm ilelnes-.-....-.-.... . 1 ""' re Ialley '_"* LI 1 _ Ir. Icowan srmacr IUGBNB THOMAS, IT AL.: l - Ir. lines VIOLA LIUZZOI AKA, IT AL. - IICTIIB CIVIL RIGHTS - ELECTION Leis- OO: IOBILI

The Department, by letter dated December 8, 1966, tarnished a list oi the naaes oi the subjects, suspects, -..._e.m-»_..,--- and deiense attorneys in this case and requested iniorsstion as to whether any wiretapping or electronic surveillance had been used in obtaining evidence in this case and absther .sr not any oi the listed defendants, suspects, or attorneys had ever been sonitored in connection with any ether investigation.

This case concerns the slaying oi Ira. Viola Liuzzo, a white civil rights worker in Lowndes County, Alabama, on larch 25, 1965. Ie conducted an extensive investigation of the slaying, and three sbjects were tried and chargesconvicted and sentenced toin December, ten 1065, years. on Federal The case Civil is now lightspending Pal e

A check with the tield offices involved in tbs inweetinatien oi this case and a check oi Buresu tiles has established that no wiretapping or electronic surveillance was usd at any tine in connection with the investigation oi [this case. A review oi the special indices saintained at the Bureau reveals that persons oi sisilar nases have been monitored at various tines by various field ottices is other investigations. These iield oitices have been instructed to t review pertinent records concerning these persons and turnish the results to the Iobile Odiice, Oitice oi Origin of this - ~ case, to determine it they are identical with persons . involved in this case. The field has been instructed that ~i coaplete results sust he tarnished to the Bureau at the - - gnclonu-. earliest iossiblqadste ' ?/- Q A ' .- ""¬='>"" = I L

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Rosen to Dehoach Iesorandun IE: EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL.;

By letter dated December 21, 1966, Assistant Attorney General John Dear advised that the appeal in this case is scheduled to be argued on January 16, 1967, and requested a reply to Department's request as soon as possible.

ACTION:

1. Attached ior approval is a letter to Ir. Dear advising him that no wiretapping or electronic surveillance was used in developing the iacts oi this case. Be is also being advised that in order to determine it any oi the ' attorneys, suspects, or subjects were ever monitored in connection with any other investigation, it is necessary to have certain oi our oiiices conduct a review oi their tiles and records, and he will he promptly advised as soon as the results are obtained.

2. The field has been instructed to handle this matter as quickly as possible and reply by teletype where feasible in order that this project can be completed at the earliest possible Mt Kw J W $9"?

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IO The Director mm;-December 21 1966 Federal Bureau of Investigation ' P10! zaohn Doar 92::]Z/'49/E7 a-"" Assistant Attorney General Civil Rights Division

IWUECR wiretapping or Electronic Surveillance giril §i5hts_Divisiog_i J

With reference Mr Y s memorandum to ouY of December 5, 1 attentioi i bu, 6 L II1l'BEE I-O 8. session which opens on January 16, 967 in Jackson, Mississippi. I would therefore appreciate receiving a reply to Mr. Yeagley's 92 memorandum as soon as possible. In addition, the case of United States v. Eaton is scheduled to be argued in the Uourt of Kppeals on January 19, 1967, and for that reason I would appreciate a reply about that case as sell. 92 ¢?392on/5'h¢f~m19 /k@"9 -" 92. 14gr*4%a1/%5.¢70Ivt'_ <5/6*/¬:: Lkiig J 9 i 7'7-80¢; .4:;r-4-"*5 1474 4- "" ~55 /;;;;_/3, a new Zz:..._»e_z_e=-/-1 1 0 JAN3 I957 -I ?4'..¢;-5v A,/-es-='-1! 751.44-5.-.1- 'i I A'_-' W; '"'.'f-'7'__»,-....@ ' is/u 15¢:/el '. r-5,'65 1 to , 4; $C¢-g ,_ 9{,t;9'-_ ,0 , . _ ' 9 4 '6, " ' _ . _.' .' u '/ I . ' . >~- - ' . ./2'/' 4 - -. ._"-~-1- Q1. "M,--, H-,__92._-1» |a'V£S:n' '1 ff . " Ilr. I'Iiln_._. -,_ =~-".v1~921n1§_*+ l"_'~}"-' ' . v Mr. DeLund|.__ fa! Qs" Dc COl'H.1.. NJMIU-1.: SILHU" - ____ J /- In-. Iv-hr_.__ 8 Q "L M O __ A_ II DEC 2 I . MI.Mr. Oup92r___ - -rs: nan an ».._L fl;Mr. ass PM can l22B:66 JBA ~ 14:. ll. Bulh __ to 0 nzcton 44-zsson A " _ A_ ir A "'-'P~=*=---Ir. !i__.__ __ non arnnxaermn -I4-I236 P ' A k-1 V In-a..q____TdI.Ioon_¬, ' -' : 3 {I. -_ . » Iii Hu|Il..._ - I mean:-: moms, sum mu uuito, cm. unsiiv 11115; - " 9. 7. '. -- .- _ ,. - =R rm IL» . . . . l_...... 1..~ _.-._.a. % £3; ?;§g'i?__,-_ ,_._.§ 2- .:__ A. 5-" ...'h,|,_....___r..f__ = :'* % -u '1 3' Ir H ' r-I G . . . O ¥ __ REQRAIRTEL .., DECEFlB§R_ II IETIEI; *_ _. LIST ND|.|3TEJS, . _ 3 . . , . Till", I --|.n§r. 1-' Mm nasnnpnz. 92 V __,7 I, A i A . J_.{.k1% , -_ - F "¢_§%§.£ ».. ii H. _ 1 f~-~.-IHFORHATION m-zemzstzn II |§r:r_1-:nznc|:n mam or =n£cr:n5;|;|.=%u1c:r|::n, " usr, suanrmzn 1o rm: noaxuz §1ins1uu.ur ' .ntlift1.'b| ""iFF H__.~_ REC *k%l~¬3 F'§;»;-5 f- i ,4; . _ i1 l 'pr H W: _ - In unsn be 1: 11 val"0 ;"-=-."-';=.' ' l "A $85. Qmgzl. . 7--

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'. 92JV..!'. Lv;' , .. . 92 0- - !U!Y___H = .. _21_::s_ _lGI-ITS cagrnagraozgcngvxszon s'.:a'v'§;§1.AKc:=;§ if 9.4 I - C/I r I . I hr! . . 1 ' . I - The Acting Attorney General has asked me to forward ///Generalto you the attachedDoar Johnof the memo Civil whichhe receivedRightsDivision. from Assistant Attorneyis requested It

that all of the listed names of defendants. subject; tni attarncys E--an-sullen be checked against your indices to determine whether anv '.J§&hGl--en»0 ----11 in any wiretap or electronic surveillance recording, Log or file. .¢...-- Phi: .....h-en-.--_ 1 It would be appreciated if you could give this mgtter. L----.~ -v~'-- your prompt attention. I would suggest your reply be sent directly to Mr. Doar with a copy to this office, . .I I e / _ V0/...- /i 2..M {Inf 6£:;'U»gJ-3-511'-'-r1:I~ - £"AA"" _ / l '§%7.ii'7liJ':/I -qfqirsz e; __ _ I 1==/6/=/4»., . - .tnL»»» /, . m. '

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'- 1 1' "_,o' - 1 , ~ _ _.' on--1 F -MEMORANDUM FOR THE ACTIN92 ATTORNEY GENERAL . ll Evidence obtained * wiretapping or Novemberelectronic surveil1966-1 ance. MEMO7 7 W. NO.,1, 493 E.

In yonr memorandum f November 3, 1955, to all Unitedregarding Statesvhttorneys, caségor inves_ - ugations solicited informationthe in development of which wiret pping or electronic surveillance may have been used 53 investigating agents. F _l I have no ihformition that wiretapping or electronic eavesdropping were used in developing evidence in any investigations or cases pending in this Division. Howeve}, this Division has had several complicated cases involving allegations of conspiracy by members of various KaiKlux Klan groups. Confidential information from vartbustsources unknown to me was used consideringin developing the court faacgion, ts idseveral og.further of courtthese cases-action, Inin these cases and matters I woild like to have the assur- ance, and would like to be in a position to assure the court, that no wiretapping or electronic surveillance had been used in developing the

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T° 1 M QIRQCFUR, FBI 4-28601! mm: 3/33/57 _ e _ .7 I-.. .".' ' 0 _ r.'_.'-n mm _§Ac, um o1u.;~:ANs 51-39:14! P!, Q I H WIJEW EUG».-IN-s THOMAS,

VIOLA GHIIGG LIUZZU, I112?! - ET AL -- VI ,'I'IM3 CR; EL -|.

- Re New Urlcansi letter 1:0_Bureau datedl/24/67._b9 .__ Fifth Circuit ° "°" Court of '"" lppia L .,, ~.~ r eans, L115 . , D advised that no decision has been reached as of this date. , I _.. W111 advise the Bureau and Mobile of deigion " in this matter. _ 9, _' ' - ' . '" ~ ."Z.Ei.-Q 4'1! 7: H-w . -'."- _- I H2 - Burzvau V - ' 2 - Mubi1:.- 4-1245! 2 - r:-.~92~.- Orleans '= - -" ' 7 | V CLIJ/_1u1S * * 5 G! ' - L_ r92:i92I'h sf V. *;- -VF _ . -,-=..>;.-<----- .92§z}i." - . i,=ar- ~.- _" ; _é

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. Date: - ;. . . _ j ._ 5/ 2/ 57 - ".: - Transmit theicllowinq In c_ _ c_ c =*-~:»-In» _ » '-ul, .., i f Type in phinlezl ;' ooleli 2;: J;-» ' , -1' 0 .' 3-,3.-¢-."'_ 92 Av? sxgrsi N i * _ *AIRMAILW Priority! 7 * ' ' _ ;;- .1

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I 21 aPages A3620A3521. Congressmztn Irwin, D!Conner_:ticut, K placed in the Record an article entitled "Conv1ct"the Killers for a Change" 92 .' . written by Alfred L-aizer Lewis and published in the Chicago Daily Dciender, - . in three installments on Jul5"3, 5, and 6. The article me1:es'rei-ereitce to. _ he murder oi the three civil rights workers in Philadelphia, ltiississippl, _ - C md states "It is known who did the job, for someone pointed out to the F. B. I. ' --I rzhere they were buried and they could not have been found otherwise. " The article also comments on the murder of civil rights worker has, Liuzzo in ' Iaynesville, Alabama. It states "One oi those who was in the murder ea,- iary '1"homa.:. Rowe, was an agent oi the F. B. I. iv.-ho had succeeded in gaining _' nembership in the Klan. He gave evidence at the trial and pinned the shooting ' »n Collie Leroy Wilkins, Jr. Butthe defense counsel vgaved Mrs. Liuz.zo's ' nenlbez-ship card in the NAACP at the jury, and the jury at the first trial -- . . alled to convict and at the second trial acquitted him. " GaryThomaowe " V1.51 .-asar%in!ormant .! I1-om 2-13-62'unti1 1-17-66 . -per the _ Domescilntelligeacef _ H; 4______;______'___ - £-

gg .... J 84.01-_ 5 I83 NOTam. n::::=*::1:o 26 1951 g1 ' u--nnuluunn--1-In-@-'1 In the orlqiaal oi a memorandum captioned and dated Gl7lIbOVlo !h0C0l'I~Il'lll1°l1¢1 3.,-5 go; 7_, y.. was ,7 tcviawad and pertinent items were marked for tho ac-tor: att ntian. This form has bun prewar! ii! 91'5" ha portion: inqpp$:? of a of the CTQH-78Ub]OCl oriqina} memorandum e3lmatter ilial. may ha clllwid. II0l-l920¢- nd P1°'d . __¥W___T,__,___,,,,_, __

December 4 , 1967

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Reurairtel 11/30/67. M In the second paragraph of the LB torwarde¬by reairtel, the second sentence states "Upon arrival, Iilkins was not accepted by present oiricials, and he was returned to Iontgomcry." Advise it this wording is correct, and it not, submit lnqncd LHN and score errors against appropriate per- aonnel. J _. JJB:bj1' _ ! be .[__ I

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FBI - Date: G11/39/6-T - Transmit lhc__I_oIlowInq in ee I or W 1 _, _ , _ _ Type in plainlczt or code! AIRTEL AIRMAIL - Via _ 7* *** * rrw-'? 7* _A

I '1-o= nmecwon, FBI :14-28601! " -~ I I FROM: sac, Mgexm 11:-12115! ! . , .__ __£ RE: EUGENE moms, ' E1 AL; . =- VIOLA GREGG LIUZZO, aka 92 ETAL-VICTIMS ' _-. I ca; EL . G ' ' :'_ 0; MOBILE! @= , J ". 1 _ ..'"-;.=""I'» . I-1." »4eJ"" 8 --Q!' '* 8 2 £5! EL UNIT!-..J s'm'rssDI-II/92l'IMEN'lJU:>_1cE' _ or -:-1*. . . rnnsmu. nunmu or INVESTIGATION Post Office Box 2128 --* ."

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_ On November 29, 1967, J. B. Lassiter, Chief Deputy United States Hrshal, Middle District of Alabama, Montgomery, Alabama, advised that Eugene Thomas and Collie Leroy Wilkins surrendered to his office at 8:00 a.m., November 28, 1967, as ordered by United States District Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr.

Both individuals were transported at the same time to the-United States Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia. Upon arrival, Wilkins eas not accepted by present officials and he nae returned to Montgomery. He is now scheduled to be delivered to the Federal Correctional Institution, Terre Haute, Indiana, for confinement. "

This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions of the FBI. It is the property of the FBI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be distributed outside your agency.

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V, 1 , _ WW i r ~ . . I. ' ; I Y: .: _ ,, "CB9?" I ~. ;92 I -_--.1-¢»-.--____.-»___¢-1 -_-11-an-q-p-u Q - Bureau DIRECTOR, Enos.4E};1CLq.Y FBI 4-28601! es - -Fenv~jEQ .9 " . ;» A rwaee I _ - Mobile I 92 _ -- 1 I P I §§:'.:§5"/ ;,- g_ Q-I '7I¢~"~""'= ' -""f" -i I ' {4} sac, mourn: 4-124s! c 1 'A I I nucsnn rnouns; 0 ,;92 >i"vé- sf .. I 5*? .'1, fI I ---__ - - ET AL. I _ 1- VIOLA canoe Lluzzo; ET AL - VICTIMS 1-~ I I .' /fl: '¢ .; 1 :"-'.7f.--§_|-192 , ' I 0: 10511.3! .-_ ~ E = 92 I m-:.m 92 . 92 - /54___ _l I ma I A '_ _. M, .|.. I _'.".,4!u ,. 1» I g._.¢~ - . F-;-¥V_92-:~;. Re r Bureau airtel r -92.' of | 12/4/67. '/I . . 'I3. 4f §§*}~* "J- 51>I _ _ ._ _ . 3 _ ii. _,_, |___- s - _- I! Enclosed herewith to the Bureau are 4 cop1eQo£ an

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---.__ . 1' iv , r J suonm: moms; ET AL. " i VIOLA 7 7* IfGREGG LIUZZO' div if a£_a ET irl Q AL _ VICTIISII i _. __ . - .3 4 : ' On November29, 1967, J. B. Lassiter, Chief Deputy - United States Marshal, Riddle District Of Alabama, Iontgomery, Alabama, advised that Eugene Thomas and Collie Leroy Iilkins surrendered to his ottice at 8:00 A.I. on November 28, 1967, ' as ordered by United States District Judge Frank I. Johnson, Jr. ' .;. " '1'- Both individuals were transported at'the sametime - -i to the United States Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia;I Upon arrival, Hilaina aaa not accepted by prison otticiaia, and he 1 was returned to Iontgomery. He is not scheduled to be delivered to the Federal Correctional Institution, Terra Haute, Indiana, for confinement.

. This document contains neither recommendations nor conclusions or the FBI. It is the property or the PEI and is loaned to your agency; it and its contents are not to be - distributed outside your agency.' =_ ~ - s.y¢~ eyi

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. 1 I ,_,, ,1. - ' - SYNOPSI$: OnMarch 25,1965, Mrs. Viola Liuzzowho cameirom Detroit, Michigan, onMarch 19,1965, was shot todeath whiledriving herear along Highway 80in LowndesCounty, Alabama. Earlier in the day she had participatedin a march from Selma to Montgomery,_Alaba.ma, conductedby civil rights workers. Mrs. Liuzzo and a young man I*-IDnLg0m marchers to Selma.

TOg afzy to Montgomery and then to a tavex in Selma, the tour men continuedto Highway80 where they observed a ear being driven by a white women with a Negro passenger. Thomas, who operated the automobile ovexrtowlz F u we car as Eaton and Wilkins fired int the v'-'~'" e. i On Marc 26, 186 , a , as, i and Rowe wen c inrged ~ ll: violation of Section 24 F131 P: nip

ch:u;;ing__ V.1l"ins, wasThomas and Eaton with by a violationof the U. . S.Civ_ Rights Statute. TheState oi Alabama indicted Wilkins, Eatonand Thoma1§'92_o,n0tiie "I-~I'h_.._.__ murder of Mrs. Liuzzo. Wilkins was triedfor first degree reorder On 1' .all __i_ M / In I _ '3!!!H -i-i__1 n an Fl'1y".l'iii .. - 3 -._ I -.~. allohnn ..._i_...._ '¢.~1092lln92n¢I'lI _ tr-us}!_' I! _', ;, H ' L .- ,;;-=~ Myr I - 118 , 92 .||w.-____' , . i;'.'.'L.?.""-_,.--|______'3i»ITE/l92-V"-*i E1~liLL92.l _ u 'N '1? -1| I __i,,_ ' ' - ..:w'_____ mm.noon C]reserve: umZ - t

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May 8, 1965. On May 7, 1965, the judge declered a mistrial after the jury was deadlocked. Wilkins was retried beginning on October 16, 1965, and a jury returned a verdict of not guilty. Wilkins, Eaton and Thomlas _ were arraigned in Federal Court and pleaded not guilty. All three were 'tried in U. S. District Court in Montgomery from November 29, 1965, . through December 3, 1965, with Rowe as the principal witness for the prosecution. All three were Iound guilty, and each was sentenced to 10 year: in custody of the DIS. Attorney General. They were released on bond, pencil: appeal. At the time of the shooting Wilkins was serving one year's Federal probation. Llis probation was revoked, and he was ordered to begin serving the one-year sentence on January 4, 1966. William Eaton died on March 9, 1966. Eugene Thomas was tried for the murder oi Mrs. Liuzzo in state court beginning on September 26, 1966, and the jury returned a verdict oi not guilty. On April 27, 1967, the Filth Circuit Court oi Appeals attlrmed the 10-year sentences Wilkins and Thomas had received on December 8, 1665

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National attention was focused on the 1965 march from? Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, March 21st to March 25th, conducted by civil rights workers under Federal court authorization to dramatize voter registration restrictions in Alabama and to present a petition of grievances to Governor George Wallace. The marchlculminated 'n1ith_ceremoniee'in. front oi the State Capitol in Montgomery the afternoon oi March 25, 1965, with about 12, 000 persons in attendance. The marchers began to disperse about 4:00 p. m. on date without any apparent organized plan of dispersal, and those from Selma began returning by common carrier, trucks and private automobiles. . - - 1» _ ~' $ - _ _ I _ 1_.-H '.92. I I Among me white civil rights woraere in zseima curing this period was Mrs. Viola Gregg Liuzzo, who had come to Selma from Detroit, Michigan, on March 19th. She was assigned to live in the» apartment of a local Negro woman along with several other women. Mrs. Liuzzo, thrice married and the mother oi iivo chiidron, had reportediy made the trip to

as8%19%g86l§§I smo e attgadlng coupe, e sympathy was use diegionshtratlciniln y o er c v r gelttrsoit. wor liter era automolbiie,rom e time oi her arrival in Selma. On the day the march began, she performed teiephone dnties in Selma. n March 24th she told an associate she was going to a local I-Iogro church whore the march had started and would travel by bus to Montgomery in order to take part in the march on the final day in approaching ';_._ the State Capitol Building in Montgomery. |-- ..- la .92 _. _. ""I""' .__...__ '|llr|l92»I! ___ A_ A 19-year-old Negro man from Selma who served as _l~;=-1-- transport lion oiilcer for the St--.:t.horn Christian Leadership Conference during the Selma to Montgomery march rt-as driving Mrs. Liuazo'e automobile on anon ii - _ = -llnrui ,, ii. I 9, 92 qr _ "l"| '.;....___I.C.H4-28601 i._...i ' ; oil? ' *.;:;;l""_." - Gwr §'m6v _._. uhn. noon [3 rr:|.:'m=|: mm II < ff.» -__. - - ' " --'4,-LP": .-.- {92_':_'.wi- -.1555, ". :t_g.,_ ..- -4--cc _ _-Ci;--1* _ : *3"_vi iii i - _ ... 5

- l On the same date, i likins, an unmarriedaubo mechanic who had no military service, was arrested by i3Bi Agents dn Bessemer." Hqtrelused to make any statement whatsoever. C i. '~..,. - . L4- , _ .. -r" v . . '- 'An autopsywas conductedby theAlabama Department oi Q Toxicology, and the report oi a post-mortem examination of the body oi ' lace,Mrs. Liuzzo inchone showed lo:-ward a bulletoi the holelower about one-haltoipart the inchcar. in di 38 ueter in the leit lodged at the base oi the brain. The hnliet had gone throughthe spinal cord superficialat the base oi the brainskin small and breaks causedappeared almost instantaneousthe onleftlace death. neckand Numerous fromwhichL iragments oi lead and glass were recovered. -s _ t

At 10:25 a. m. , on the morningof March26, 196% complaints authorized by an Assistant Attorney General of the United States were illed beiore a U. S. Commissionerin Montgomerycharging Eaton,Wilkins, Thoma and Rowewith violation oi Section 241, Title 18, U. S. Code, in a conspiracy to injure, r:{'_nress, threaten,and intimidate citizens in the vicinity oi Selma and hlouitgumery in the tree exercise and enjoyment oi rights and privileges secured tllcm by the Constitution oi the United States. All tour were arraigne the same date beiore a U. S. Commissioner in Birmingham. Thomas, Eaton and Wilkins were represented by an attorney who had been publicly identied as counsel oi the Kn Klux Klan. Thomas, Eaton and Rowe were released en bonds of $FU, 000 each. Wilkins was not released on bond until March 29th because oi a separate Federal probation violator: warrant outstanding against him. -

Charges against Thomas, Wilkins and Eaton were presented to a Federal C1-and Jury at lviontgomery on April 5, 1965, and an indictment was returned the Ioilowing day charging all three with conspiracy in violation oi the U.S. Civil Rights Statute. Rowe was not indicted by the Federal Grand Jury.

On May 3rd state authorities began their prosecution with the trial oi Collie Leroy Wilkins, Jr. , on a charge oi first degree murder. Wilkins, Eaton and Thomas all had been indicted by the State oi Alabama tor the mztrtlrr oi Mrs. hlczzc. The cese went to a jury on May 5, 1965, and the toiim-:ing <'~32 the judge declared a mistrial alter the jury was hopelessly deadlocked. Itowe oered testimony for the state in this trial. - ,

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Wilkins was retrle I by the state in Haynevilie, Alabama, _ Irom October 18th to October 21'-11']which duringtime Rowe again testified. y _;_'I_l,;e returned jury averdict oinot guilty. - F . . Following the acquittaloi Wilkins in statecourt, wuimp, _" - iomas and Eaton were arraigned in Federal court, and all entered pleas oi not guilty to the Federal indictment. _ - '

The three were tried jointly in U. S. District Court in Montgomery, from November to December 3rd with Rowe as the . - principal prosecuting witness, and the Federal jury returned a verdict oi guilty against all three. On December 3rd the Federal judge sentenced Thoma Eaton and Wilkins to serve 10 years each in the custody oi the U. S. Attorney General. All were released the following day on $10,000 bond each, pending appeal to the Fifth Circuit Court oi Appeals. .

9 Wilkins at the time oi the shooting wee on one year'sFederal probation, which had been previously imposed agan"lst him on i charge oi possession of a sawed-oii shotgun following an arrest by local airtboritiee at Hueytown, Alabama, on March 11, 1964. Wilkins was arraigned in Federal Court; Birmingham, on December 20, 1965, and the one year'sprobation was revoked. lie e.=a.e ordered to begin oer-"in; a sentence of one year and ii. day on January 4, 1966. " _ ' _, " "

. " William Orrville Eaton died on March 9, 1966, at Bessemer oi natural causes. "

: . J, . EugeneThomas was tried for the murder oi Mrs. Lluzzo in 9 ~"state court in Ilayneville, on September 26, 1966. On September 37th ajury 'retn..:rnedverdict as oi not guilty.

? 9 On April 27, 1967, the Filth Circuit Court oi Appeals aiiirmed the 10-year sentences Wilkins and Thomas had received on December 3, 1965, in U. S. District Court, Montgomery.

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, - - 1 Q 92 I . | EUGENE THOMAS; WILLIAM ORRVILIE EATON; _ COILIE IEROY WILKINS, JR,2 VIOIA@111; GREGG LIWZZO F-hE§119~ B19513 VICTIM W8 ii Q Q National attentionwas focused on themarch fromW 3> Selna, Alabama, to Montgomery, Alabama, March 21-25, 1965, condw £90 by civil rights workersunder federalcourt authorizationto dram 92 tize voter registration restrictions in Alabama, and to present 2 go petition of grievances to Alabama Governor George Wallace. The march-culminated withceremonies in front or the Stateicapitol M Fbntgoniclw, Alabann, the afternoon oi March 25,- 1965,,__w1tnabout 12,000 pcrswn in attendance. The marchers began to disperse about 4:00 p.m. that date without any apparent organized plan r of dispersal, and those from Selma began returning by common carrier, trucks and privateautomobiles, é Mobile summary memo, k/12/65 _ -.,.1-. .. ,_.,-. ..._.~.,..-.. .~ ...,- ....-...., -.- V--_,92 -page - 4 Among the whitecivil rights workers inSelma, Alabama }u§~H ' duringthis periodhad beenMrs. ViolaGregg Lduzzo,who- cameto /9I . Selma from_Detroit, Michigan, Fhrch19, 1965,and wasassigned t live in tn. apartment of a local Negro wonan along with several_ 3m.p|rz§ »"* other white and Negro women. Mrs. Liuzzo, age H0, thrice marrie 5 and the mother of five children, had reportedly made the trip to gl'92 '$92Se1maafter attending a S§mDaLhy demonstration Detroit, at Michm In .

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92 5 by Wayne State University students protesting attacks_2n Negro 'Ind_ white demonstrators in Selma and Montgomery. In Sel her _,;»92 ~,rauton'10bi1e, a 1963 Oldsmobile coupe, beating Michigan lice e as-*9 vb was used by other civil rights workers from the time 6Ther arriv in Selma. On the day the march began, she was assigned to teie-_ .}992 phone duty in Seine, and on Nbrch 2h, 1965, she told an associate QYFO she was going to a local Negro church from which the march had - started and would catch a bus to Montgomery in order to take part

_ in the march on the final day from the outskirts of Montgomery

to the State Capitol Building, 'I Mobilesummary memq, N/12/6?, Ox 1 I - pages 27-30, and pages 53-65

rr! . x Leroy Jerome Moton, a 19 year old Negro male of Selma, 1 '.1 J Q92! Aiabaua, thn served as transportation officer for the Southern jAtO Christian Leadership Conference SCLC!during the Seine to Mont»92 v gomery march, was driving Mrs. Liuzzo's autmobile on March 25, J9

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'..,,i""""l":.'_:':..j,-..'-.."'_--..-.-_ -92- -- -- ,__.- . - l"'1-1 'I 7---I. -n' ' 1 __i " * ' - -"7 -- -_ I - V _ O 92-_ ?_- . _ _'¥ . ..0'¢92-hm-.;-so 32?. WTi!-_p _ _é=- _ _-=i______~i__u.-__.-H i I; __'_.". .- r ii _.'i.-I. _ _.... 1' 92 ' . . __ .WMH Wi.MiWM .. ,Mie. M.my . . .. Wo.iciH' ' " Q; _ On the morning or ihrch 26, 1965, at 10:25_3;m., ya '6 complaints authorized by a U. S. Assistant Attorney Gener l e 0;; were riled before U. S. Commissioner in Montgomery,

States. All four were arraigned this same date before U. S.

Commissioner in Birmingham. Thomas, Eaton and Wilkins were represented by Attorney Matt Murphy,Lpublicly identified as the}. .__ of klan$50,000 attorney, ea~!n Thomas, thatnight, Eaton but and Wilkins Rowe were was; released notrelesiiid on bondsuntil ibrch 29, 1955, in view of a separate federal probation violator warrant outstanding against him. " l Mobilesummary memo, ll/12/65, pages 300-305 92 Cha1r;923B against Thomas, Wilkins and Ea ton were presente 5]?/,5 to a Federal Grand Jury at Montgomery, Alabama, gpril 5, 1965, an W an indie tmcnt was returned the next day charging all three with JV consplracy in violation of the U, S, Civil Rights Statute,/5/::, ., I _ 5/3/55, at M0 .L e __ r9292 - State authorities started prosecution with the trial of '1 Collie Lfr1'n_v W.11k1||B, J1, nu -'1 first degree murder charge F1316. ~ i '11 . 1 May 3, 3;~-cg. 'The state had indicted Wilkins, Eaton and T mas D for the murder of Mrs. Liuv.-1. The case went to a J11?! °" pa I9

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my 6, 1905, and the £'ol1o92-.'l92.;',day the Judge declared a mis- ¢92Q after _trialJury the hopelessly was Rowe deadlocised.1: tesi.!ied -for the state in this trial 0 " ~ o ,__ Report of SA 5/25/65, at Mob

etried .. ..

October 18-22, 1965, at which time Rowe again testified, and a

Jury returned a verdict of not guilty- Report of SAF ~ 11/16/65, at i bl e

Following the acquittal of Wilkins in State Court,

Wilkins, Thomas and Eaton were arraigned in Federal Court, and K , pleaded not guilty to federal indictment. . ~ . e Reportof S Novemberl, l _92 , All three were tried jointly in U. S. District Court arrest by local authorities at I-Iueytown, Alabama, I-larch 11, 19616, jilkins wasarraigned Federal in Court,Birmingham, 20,moemier A A- 1965, andthis oneyear's wasprobation revoluedand hears ordered to begin serving on January 1|, 1966, a sentenc'E'oione

RAFJ--92.1- I-Ill-I and LI2'1 92-It; air.~ A

Birmingham telct pe to the - BUI83l.1,_ I -- - 12/20/65$. . ' Eugene Thomaston-. February "M ;»- 23,190%} wastried 7 in " 7 Federal tomt, Birrninghann:on a Na tionalnFirearms Actviolation, and was convicted anchsentenced to serve a period of two years =V 1 |_;I""._AK o in federal If custody. £01 9 ¥"'~"".4 eP°"t Bi; -Am° {|l.Lu5|.1c:|u.92;' }1- "9292r92 , The third subject, WilliamOrrville Eaton,. died during EIJVthe evcnl 4'March of 9-EFF,1966,_la~t_E¢esscH92§i:;_'E'T natlillral cameo, and was buried on March 12, 1966. "

Birmingham letter to Mobile, 3/29/6o! . _ State authorities have indicated that the trial of.a_. -7'1. ' .92:.-F! 5' -~ - s.econd~ Ru Klnx Klansnlan in this shooting had been contemplated for

my of 1966, but was postponed until the fall term of court, 1966,

, due to the unavailabilityoi witness gone. _ " [_,_'l_'Y. 2*" / 7/L 4/ K. :. J ?e._>.1=2,....v'?-3-v Kr»-I _- ¢ I .- 92M@U4Je t Bm"eau, _ 5/13/66!

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hi-;'*vT'**"*"l'T9- '_'f""'¢ 3-_1l._ i~~':1>' "' *~-ivH vi .--*2" -~,,;~ "311. __"""92""""H',""»|~*""¢""&L-",'&" T_;;_~'______.' 1;-5: wdz. ' -__ .,_~ba __~ 15 am. "7 _ ~F 7 H a:: * _~ e" *1 :1 :.:':"r::.,...... ,. Q9 - " UNITED STATES G ' ".NMENT Memorarzcium ' ' 'ro: » DIRECTOR, FBI 4-28601! _ mm: B ___,_

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sunywr: EUGENE THOMAS V I ET AL. - 3 _ .1 CR; VICU1 E1. TIEGG ' LiUZZO- ET A1. vlcrnls - ' V . A ~ - O0: IOBILE!

1 Re New Orleans airtel to Bureau dated 5/2/67, forwarding 2 copies oi the decision of the Fifth Circuit Court O1 Appeals, New Orleans, La., aitirming the conviction or the subjects; and Eebile airtel 9! 12/6/6?, sits accempsny= ing letterhead memorandum, showingthat the convicted subjects are imprisoned. Q . " Mobile s in possession ot 2 spools of magnetic tape with recordi g or a Canadian Broadcasting Company interview with concerningCOLLIE LEROY IILKIHS and 2 1 cartridges ahove.f'" " of magnetic_ .92 tape

" ' The Bureau is requested to discuss this matter with the appropriateDepartmental Attorneyfor authority to dispose ct, or return, the items not used in the trials ct the subJecté,- Q3!- Bureau - FBI Laboratory! 5- Birmingham4-1236! /I 6/___, Q-n JRC:Jes.. Mobile / usu- . ! . Q . - I -,> ' ' .l'n I r d/' ,1 / - -r-" ¢.| '-|H Qsil _.. 4 u, . § cc/ O -:.-- -~.~3E""" __[ - gfqkfl '3 mu Bu! U..§'.Bond: Saving: Regular];on Pa_y}aIKS'sv:'n;.rtln* 92 E - Plan -II» ;.:~~ as we--.-1 92-. 'ii.ii;_:;,;;_ ____f* * _f__ " - f920I~J"'--3:"' r'_:,:.""5.li_~_-b.'I;'-,.-:'..,_'1',t"I'_¢T"" av ;v--|--r . " I - _ T! '.[.;.e" -u~e;ef**.-»=~"+~m.w-.:T<*-._. it O4?-~_f~» @-<-_l--r+"-=+»=cc-";=-*§-- ea-F --53"»-O-"-*1

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.._8Ac, rnbiie4-1245! l lpriIit,'l968 . / / i . ° n Director,= ID! " _ *1 ?- .. 0/ "7' ' I' . L ~ ~._ _ __ .1-I-E. ines 1 - FBI Laboratc mernr. "mamas; ET AL. * VIOLA erase Lluzzo; 9. ET an - vxcrxuo CIVIL B16328 ELECTION LAIS "cw: HJBELE /

Rclet to Bureau dated 3/27/68,vith cc to BB, and FBI Laboratory.

The matter or disposal or exhibit! in thil case an described in referenced letter was brought to the attention of the Department on 4/2/68. The repartwrnt currently has the matter under consideration and will ndvise, Continue to maintain the exhibits pending receipt of instructions from the Department.

This matter is being closely followed Ilth the Drynrtment and you will be promptly advised oi their instructions when received. _ 1 - , Birmingham tor info!

_ b o JWH:|nt %""'l' <4! ,

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-7. ..-_. ______ A I I-I "-"I 92II-III; 1II'IJ . UNITED STATES EVERNMBNT " Memorandum ' m g = It nxnscwon,4-_2aeo1! rs: mm; $714/sag7 mm.'=?"w."/W sac, |l0B1Ln;4-'1245! c! _ - I _ -. u . '_.- ' _ _ - . e . F ' 4 _HP 0 ' » svnyzcr: sucmns moms; in AL. ' ' mom same muzzo; :1 AI. - vlcrlus a 1} CR; EL ' - Q/' 0: _noBn.s!

_. - - - -n. - _ ._ e - I '1'nere arebeing transmitted 1:0 the Bureau under separate cover the following items: ' 2 spools or magnetic tape with recording of a Canadian Broadcasting Company interview with I. COLLIB LEROYnucms. Tape is a recording oi. »' F- a video tape played back overtelephone from f Canada to Montgomery, Ala. 2 v

2 cartridges ct magma - ""- recording = or above. .1 '92 The above items were provided to this office by ST. JOHN BARRETT, Departmental Attorney, on 12/1/65 tor use | l in investigation of captionedmatter. It is requestedthat .LL{ these items be returned to ST. JOHN BARRETT,_,. ' 75' . Q?...-~._ " - Bureau v, - Package RM! ' 1 - Mobile HEW _, I , r/./, 3 '-/n./ .

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Bu]Idvings UJ. Regularly Bomillb: PayrollI4vi;5 on - '-§f§§§§§§.§ #57 ""' -§§, um-:0 s'm'rasc ERNMENT _Mem0randum '~ TD '3_Assistant AttorneyGeneral BATE uh, 11 1933 s can Rights Division - _ rnou § Director, FBI IL; cop, D .@wu . s°'J°" momsTxzorms; ETAL. vzou. ssnss Lwzzo CIVIL mclrrs m.zc'x'1on Lmrs

Reference is made to 39H; memorandum dated 4539568 your file ]44_g_§1Q !.

There is enclosed one copy of the report of Special Agent w _.m ._g _ _;_dated g__W. __ at . A. |::] This covers the preliminary investigation and no further action concerning a full investigation will be taken by this Bureau unless the Department so directs. -= B. [:1 The investigation is continuing and you will be furnished copies of reports as they are received. C: | |The investigation requested by you has'now been completed. Unless advised to the contrary no further in- quiries will be made by this Bureau. D. [:3 Pursuant to instructions issued by the Depart- ment, no investigation will be conducted in this matter unless specifically directed by the Department. ~ E. IEIJ Please advise whether you desire any further in- vestigation. F. [::]Th1s is submitted for your information and you wilr be advised of further developments. ' G. [¥;]Th¬&is submitted for your informationand no further invcstigatio hill be conducted unlessspecifically re- qquestcdby the Department. ~ _ __, J i H. [:;]This coversthe receiptof a complaintand fur her action w ll be taken by this Bureau unless the Depart §°/ ent .6 v so directs __I,» "En¢. NOTE: There is being trn"*1ltted herewith the tollowing items: OVER! - ' an Si! » ' 92 I

_ ~-I ' 1- e NOTE: CONT. Q T. 92 1 . 92 . Two spools or magnetic tape with recording; o" oi a Canadian Broadcasting ompauy interview n with Collie Leroy Wilkins. Tape is a recording 1 oi a video tape played back over telebhdno 1 irom Canada to Montgomery, Alabaml.

Two cartridges oi magnetic tape with recording * or above.

The above items were furnished to our Mobile Otiice by Ir. pt. F John Barrett on 12/1/65, tor use in tho investi- gation oi this matter.

These items are being returned to you pursuant to your memorandum or April 30, 1963, advising that exhibits oeing - held by this Bureau, which were not used at trial mayn0w ' be appropriately disposed oi.

92

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_rc A , _ UNITED STAT!-.8 GOVE?$*_!f£.NT 'A]92'1"Mp_NT 9|: JU3-I-[3 i Memorandum ' i

~ 19. '.: _i'.-gizlgg-: of Investigation {rBureau_' ° P839868 . _, , _ § - '_ V _ SJP: RAA:JJb _"_ a p _ e . ' ~ ~ fig}? , Stephen J. Pollak DJ 11:1:-2-1+7o 55 _ Assistant Attorney General #1-O85-2 -4I- w Civil Rights Division e ' , ngcfg Collie Leroyégilkins, William 0. ;}- AI Eaton, and Eugene Thomas, Subjects; 5-IE; - _ _ Viola Liuzzo, Victim; ' e,$ , ' - ' - Lowndes County, Alabama; . I it r ' 4 - .' CONSPIRACY AGAINST RIGHTS __ 9 - CIVIL RIGHTS," 4Wi_, 7 1, Q The Supreme Court having denied certiorari in . _ n this case, material held for possible useéat trial as evidence or exhibits but.not usedfat tria};pay non Be ' _ 5 p ,, _, L appropriately disposed of. " _H¢ '* ., L . lb '1

92 92 .

'.271 ': 92 I:-Q, 5.4, I

92- Z///- 1 _=,./31/ .~ . /Z3 H ' , *0 1968 .. 1-~"° '_ '""' ._. z J93 ' ~ = 5 e*s"."'!"'* I ., i /7. - -W » -

. 1 1 - '§?'--E-3'3~7 --_* J - f - .'-1.-t»-'~~.-v--t.-_.-E" 1':-'""'. 1*-are ;&FmK ~ -,.,..,.. ff - =~ 1 " _ . #9 9

92 sac, Mobile 4-1245!is-1=-ea u _r __ I5"? 1 " La.bOlat0ry FOPpriate _i 2 . '-/I 92 ! 4 -. . - 1 Mr. Hi.IlES _ 51- EUGENE 7'HQi"'J92S;ET AL. VIULA G'l73GGLIUZZO; ET AL. - VTCTI?-15 H t /1" cum. nmrrs I t ELECTION LAWS 00: MOIZILE - ! Re Bureau letter to Mobile 4-9-68.

The Department by letter dated 4-30-68, has advised that material held for possible iise at trial as evidence or exhibits which was not used at trial and submitted in evidence maynow he appropriately disposed of. ~<

Accordingly, material being held in the Mobile and Birn.~ing'1nr". Officesand by the FBI Laboratory which falls in the above catcjory should be disposed of in accordance with standard Bureau procedures for disposition oi such exhibits. 1 - Birmingham 4-1236! For Appropriate Action! JWH:erg~;/~~/A ! '

sen NOTE PAGE TWO *

4

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- - =;' " Uln- !|!M92 __ >- "I --i.-_.._. H... 0 "er _ . Raul 1.... A _ ' 92 / 1. <1» I "1 i._,_ 6116 92 L 1 n:u:1"!Pt: um1'[: p_ y

15" - '1 __ i_ v~.92.ik4r§~"._.:r__ f';_f".r-'. _,_;5Zi 31663s=c-§- '--'--I--"' --7*-*-'.-1*, t A *'."oT5T*-iv-°"*w"': -"r..L-". ?""':_~":'w"." Y 1-D ' - In I , 1!. I A» . -_-. . . -t _ .. _-"_,_.T.......... __...-..__...--._ i..,.__l_...... __ to ___..________...._. ,,, 92Q4|4 , _ 92 n ._ , :,t ' 4 v ino-rs: - O O " ' _ _ This case involves shootingthe Mrs. of ViolaGreg Liuzzo in Lowndes County, Alabama, on 3-25455. Two subjects, l Eugene Thomas and Collie Leroy Wilkins, were convicted and 1] sentenced on civil rights charges and they are now serving their = sentences in Federal prison. On appeal to the Fifth Circuit Court, 1 New Orleans, Louisiana, their conviction was affirmed. The Supreme Court has denied certiorari and all legal recourse to their convictions has been exhausted. t - ,

Mobile, by letter dated 3-2'7-68, requested permission 3! to disposeof certainexhibits in possession of theiroffice, the 5 Birmingham Office andthe FBILaboratory whichweregathered as. . ' evidence but were never actually submitted in evidence at the trial - of subjects. This was brought to the attention of the Department and _ by letter dated 4-30-68, Department states that these exhibits not ' actually submitted in evidence at trial may be appropriately disposed * of. .92

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any 1, me /, '-7 ! 121'. J. gdgar Hoover . Lircctor Pecler"-1 Bureau of In1BL.1Li:_,u'tiOn _ J; A {R-aS1ii;1;,i;Ol1, Do U. ___ 1 1 Le:-rL1. Hoover: - f. -+-._ 92/'! " ', in the slaying of Lira. Vigil; I¢i92_1;:1<>_'in 1964 or 1965 in L1-"'|:; :.s:.92 the federal Bureau of Investigation, it my memory serves correctly, obtained an iinliotenent or indictments}. I request you to inform me how - and where - I may .- obt;ir. - copy of the inclictment or indictments! relative to such Pl»;-in:_, and I request you to inform meof the result of .-/ such iznlictment orindictments]. '1 - 'i11:.nl: you. 5 I Jincerely, 1

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of .0 _d}l'_'-T-1';-;} l 7 -_; JUL U! 1953 15"_' , gyk-W3 _ to I . / /" -.' eon-aEsP@F9E Ck

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Illinois

. P-. L , Dear Sir: - Your letter doted July 1st has been received. In response to your inquiries, it la suggestedthat you correspondwith theClerk 0! the UnitedStates DistrictCourt for the Middle District of Alabama, Government Building, Mont- gomery, Alabama 36104, to secure iniormatlon 0! the type yq92_,1~ requested. -

Very truly yours, ' . in -

John Edgar Hoover 215" r Director I -- -

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Federal Bureau of Investigation Civil Rigwts Division Justice Department . Washington, D.C.

re : Viola Liuzzo - 4

Gentlemen: 92£ -' Please be advisedthat this oFFic!e hasbeen retainedto represent Mr. Liuzzo, whose wife, Viola Liuzzo, was murdered in Alabama on March 25, 1965. Your otfice has previously written Mr. Liuzzo concerning the personal eects*oF Mrs. Liuzzo, some 52 items, which have not as yet been returned to Mr. Liuzzo. Mr. Liuzzo has indicated to this oice_that he has been trying to acquire these items for the past three 1 years, and has not as yet received them. We would greatly - appreciatefromyou at your yourearliestefforts inconvenience.this matter. May weplease hear ~i . .._.. at _.92/erytruly yourrs, _ Harold M. - . - HMP:sk /-"i / L14-.'1p@;c,._~=;- A _

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3I -nu '- March :1, 1912 ~-. I - 92 -_ _! . - ' bbxk 1 - Hr. Mcbonough .- 'L '1 d4yLoV17?q o-. » - _l - A Mr. Harold !!._,,-rrovizer " Suite 207 1/ "-155 u - Southiieldjichigin 24800 northwestern Highwaymns Dear Mrx r- ' ¬rowi:er:' . _ This will acknowledge receipt of your " letter dated March 27, 1972. "l " You are advised that no record has been located of a communication tron this Bureau to Mr. Anthony Lluzzo concerning the personal effects oi Hrl. Liusso tn which your letter of March 27th refifi, _ Z The Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice has advised that it has been in contact with you concerning this matter and I an referring a copy~o£ your » letter to that Division for its consideration.

If you have any further questions concerning this matter, it is suggested that you may desirs to coma unicate directly with Assistant Attorney General _ _. 92- David L. Norman, Civil Rights Division, U. 3, Department ..¢ H. . oi Justice, Washington, D, C. 20530. - Sincerely yours, Z; I I ---_..§5;""' {,EBmu'Hoon b/// lr-Inna __i '4-ll. ,92 " - John Edgar Hoover ' 'ml||92hrll __..i... lmrl .__... '7 Fm Director z. ,?" Caf i--In n 3., . . .._I.,',,.-,-.3... .1 _ _ ' lmlmp ______l|!|oI_l?,,S .,._ 'n|1l|l||n _,,.___ 1 1 Assistant Attorney General - Enclosure copy-oitincomiz 'I|I|u'| ..,_._,i é Civil Rights Division _; ._ _ " 'nn|-ad _.._.._ llllley _,_.-.-.._. '|evelnl ...... A "M" -1- 'lnl.es Z___ ~ l BJM/PW1 ! _ H, _ hilll __...... A1 '1 ;l/ s I l alias 'sis NOTE PAGETWO . . Hm 51 Fell. Iu....'..!' lelnn . r:Lrnmrunn£I3 <:}}}h! i Q~_ i I} ind-y ____ A

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-.. '_ _ _ _ y AP _ 2?9292er Letterto Mr. Harold Provizer M. E J _

. , . Il- ' Bureau is in receipt of letter from an attorney representing Mr. Anthony Liuzzo, husband of Viola Liuzzo who was shot and killed by Klansmen in Alabama oh 3/25/65. State murder trialaresulted in mistrial and dismissal. Three subjects convicted of civil rights charges in Federal Court and two presently incarcerated one died!. According to letter, Hr. Liucro reportedly received written reply from Bureau re 52 items of personal effects of his wife items not identified!. Bureau files and Mobile Office files ' office of origin in Civil Rights-case! contain no record of such prior inquiry or reply to Mr. Liuzzo and Bureau never in possession of this material as not of evidentiary value. Last reported to be in possession of state authorities.

This was discussed with Civil Rights Division CRD! Monica Gallagher, Assistant Section Chief, Criminal andrnissadvised SA McDonOugh she had received telephonic Section,inquiry last week from this attorney and she told him to put request in writing and CRD would handle. It appears letter ~ | may have been misdirected to Bureau instead of CRD; however, it is felt we should respond to clear the record as it may relate to Bureau and furnish copy of incoming andreply to CRD for further handling as they may desire. - -

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- ¢ , 1 " . .?-w =' =" _ At! RE BUREAU TELCON MARCH TWENTY-NINE, SEUENTY-THO; t _.._ ~ v ~

" we THE FE§AL EFFECTS qr v1oLA L1u;zq,_1n:" - MOBILE OFFICE OF THE Fa1_HAs not HAD ANY POSSESSION OF qnv; gs ¥* ' lpsnsonnn zrrscrs. SEVERAL r - INQUIRIES HAv5_§;£n +1 - mabé _~' as ._ *_ _ ?@%_@ I *" THE MOBILE orrrcs rnnousn THE DEPARTMENT WHEREII ins bicrrnjg. 1 E Husanno HAS CALLED CONPLAINING ABOUT was Fgct THAT HER PERSONAL , HESE PERSONAL __EFF__r;:crs wan: P; ___ / EFFECTS IN THE POSSESSION HAD or NOT BEEN THE RETURNED.T 92 Lownnss couurv, ALABAMA LOCAL nurubhé.

---» Ti'1TF92T Q§: l'92F1L lJFTWT'1§l§_,.__§IXTY5' H W. . 9 4. O NO mes44-2863!r?9_"_ A _ . 'I-' I1". E INQUIRY wAs MADE AT was ALABAMA DEPARTMENT gr PUBLIC I '* SAFETYA1 MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, Ann IT wAs DETERMINED THAT THi- I EFFECTS LAST KNOWN I0 BE In THE POSSESSION or E. J. n1xon,'* {STATE IHVESTIGATOR, DEPARTMENT or PUBLIC SAFETY, ._ was EXHIBZTEDJ ¢ I SAME T0 BUREAU ACENTS ON MARCH TWENTY SEVEN; SIXTY-FIVE. »*i~ ATTHAT TIME FORHER DEPARTMENTAL ATTORNEY OUAINTANCE HAS SO ADVISED THAT THE PROPERTY HAS IN THE POSSESSION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY: . T , , . '1' - IT IS NOTED THAT A REPORT WAS SUBMITTED AND-IT HAS REPORTED W ,92 , THATDR» PAUE E. SHOFFEITT, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, QIATE OF ALABAMA M I DEPARTMENT or TOXICOLOGY AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIOR;,.CONDUOTED ANAUTOPSY AFTER ,= VICTIM Lruzzo wAs KILLED. é_ IN H®S@l I 4; I ~ REPORT IT HA5 INDICATED THAT AMONG OTHER PERSONAL EFFECTS I4? I . -_ L ' ~ rnsnz wan: Two FIHGS on RING FINGER or HER-LEFT HAND, 0HE,,1§- ' |RING ON THE RIGHT Fl

n. H on nan LEFT wnxsr, ALL or vH1cH wane DELIVERED to rnvzsraanron _ 1 LIEUTENANT E. J. ozxou. ' * I "" 'I .=T"" ' I _ _ * -1: MR. LIUZZO HAS HAD N0 DIRECT-CONTACT HITH THEFBI OFFICE 'I -J.L:ET3 sun PAGE two F.-A V I. > ' ¤D

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T "°B1L5- LB"A, AND ALL nseuasrs cuNcERHInsPERSONAL EFFECTS van: RECEIVED FROM THE DEPARTMENT. sun - _

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TO f= Assistant Attorney General aura January 11, 1971 _*fCIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION _ t ' ATTENTION: Mr. Norman FROM F _D1rector, FBI E- '~; - 7 _ . i H 5"-"=°T= EUGENE'rI:or.ms; AL. ET __ - 11101.3 LIUZZO,al:a., ET AL. - VICTIMS 4-" CIVIL RIGHTS - ELECTION mus

- .- , . 1

Reference is made to memorandum dated your file !. ' . =

There is enclosed one copy of the report of Special Agent - Ha_Q:~nd"m dated J 5 1] at __ S:'_11_Dic;,.Q"e if ; ~ W ' * A. [I] This covers the preliminary investigation and no further action concerning a full investigation will be taken by this Bureau unless the Department so directs. -- B. [I] The investigation is continuing and you will be furnished copies of reports as they are received, . C. [::]The investigation requested by you has'now been completed. Unless advised to the contrary no further in- quiries will be made by this Bureau. D. [I] Pursuant to instructions issued by the Depart~ ment, no investigation will be conducted in this matter unless specifically directed by the Department, * E. [I] Please advise whether you desire any further in vestigation. _ - F. I |This is submitted for your information and you will be advised of further developments. p . ti, L£g]W1;: in nulmnlunl Pnr ynur 1rnWnwm|L|nn nndIn: l'll|'l.|||-|' l|:vv::i.I;-_:|l.h-:1will Iw |:umlm:l.rr~l uul--uu npm.-.H'l_¢-.:92'.l|y 1-1-- _qyenLudrg _ hyH. thu.UvpurLmuuL,[:3 Thincovers _ receipt thea complaint aof .1, and fu her action will be taken by this Bureau unless the Depart nt _ so 921_rcc--. /i ,_,Q ,_-,y_ /1' 96I1N19 197|TF*'iCn§1}E'§"'f;?s:r.' in":-.'.csr.:n ' ' zzora ll-92_92'--In - ;.?.____;J,._? n Fl?-' 92 A ~-e. - -.....-_ s _ - » c -. ,; . _ _ - ""r" -"*-"*1-*--"";

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0 F B I _ Dale: 1/6/71 _ . . . . Transmit tholollowinq in H , W _T_ H - _ Type in plcilllczl or talc! u. 7T5L?wW** rrranmyi .,__ f -5-p1a__.-_-uno-:11-n-n_-1u-11111-_11._1-u--n-11-an-Q-_u1111¢1 _L ______....

,1 T0: Director, FBI 37-6295! |'1 FRO1: sac, San Diego 4¢§1z!=' '. #1 K GARY 'I'HO".-'92S P.m~.'12, M;-rw THOWAR NEIL wnnnn ;

FORWIER RACIM. 5r I!ZI0R.92U92NT7'n ' :- . _ _ . I Yl¢O._lU~4 |~-L Tlc San Iiiezzpg letter:-1'2/BY'?0,1: H: ' 5 '6-|*é -r."'!,!"..':.... m I _ 1- i. _ 92 -E2Ei2i5l_SI3!'%$P--i"¢Tf?°'= §<"?i=2§ 91? =1'I1<=f§~==rI1<==-e92..5"1=<'=rI=i'>¥ 1.-a|:92-.92||--u92TL92lili 1|_"_LIlC l9292' .!C'i'1]'1|l'.1'111$[192'jI$[Pa]-_k_It-181:1-B "7 . J '!I'I[fI nm.:~tr~|. rant rm l»u'ro:m nnkn this" 10.1_;tor!m;uI pjemr-n]}"n mp-lijpmlc 7'. 7;? n*"-''t'-l"t "fi-7!!-Qtilit. It is itln rhqnnstml ,tlint"i:i92<-*"' ""P""", 1' ""§$i1v.'¢visc - . D HS.tnthé'idnntitY'bf*thc'fdividu11 _ - V 1n t§c n9nnrtncnt of'Jnsticc .-. ' ~' thatf " Hr,'RnwE shdhld ;@ng5;g¢9n;£ corn1nq ' I1n¬ornat1on i set -, forthkin;thc 92 . I _- n-.. 3 5:! .15? - enclosed 1etterhendJmemo- .| rnmh'm° . '!»;§ "z ~ ~ A 9292 .- li-¢§,$_§§ ' @- 1 _.sn F-ureau . Enclosure. - 1 J. pi-' 5 - 5;-.1 5-. . é 1'.-1 i1,¥. 1;. '_4I| CFT.:mah, , ,- _-; 1*} ---'26;I - .4"f-,_ ...... --u- -"""-""" - /_ ,<{;_;.-_~<»_/~_; "nor RE0f331?E9:-:.-+'= _ V M_ 5§>";z 4 /L//f:,= >- ~; ;.;?6.um 1519'" =***~ 1? V _ -, _I__L V ?,».-M-:m*~ - / *f//'.',:7/ 7, §1§'_.-11 . . ~ ' ' ~ "1 . 5__--II ./> ..£' ~[4'/ I-!' U .1., _.n»¢Aa¢@*" 01' X.» _ JI'r;" £1»-I'g92OIF5"4" 1-, J/-' J .-F2. ,;&. -rq I -'»...-.10 92_ - -_&__'__, - _ 'j--e /1+ -"¢./I/' /4» ,1"! " A 11» , I lb;W '' . "Pvt-» H "~ -

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"E _. - 1: . 3;g$§$}' ' Ag? i 1 @F !¥i'*"'9? . 1: 'CII$TlTE$ urn-92nT92|nx1'nr1:sTIcE - , 92 I $§ T;1f _ rlulN92L nnuh92uY. t92VE5TlGATION92 _ , r.&M,$mw3¢w.i _ _San Diego, Qeiifornia ___'_ rlkq-_;'-i jqrx i ' January _ 6 . 1971 - - - . |. - i ' N. ~ 1--.0 ' _ ' , - - -' ' -. I _ . I .-. - 5 - ' _ ' ' nmvr 'r|:n.92:.»92sRONE " ~ - - .*-'~ e also knownas * § . i THOMAS NEIL MOORE Q we 4 _ 1m=omu92"r1o.92|CONCIiR.92lIl§IG 'q. . L !¥f"= i , L1-.'~'.339.5, On 12/7/70 the ahnve~enptioned individual appeared at the San DiegoOffice of_theFBI;hnd provided_thdfo1lowin5informotion: . . 9 -~ - ROWE advisedhe wasieurrently unemployediandbeen had un-i '. employed for some time and was experiencing £inancia1.dif£icu1ties as well as being unable to obtain emp1oyment.1He stated that as a ' result of this, the following items had been praying onihis mind and he felt that the FBI and particularly Hrs_HOUVER here not aware of the activities of former Assistant AttorneyGeneral_JOHN DQAR. news naethe highest praise for the FBI, stating-that he would be; happy to serve in the sane cnpacit he hadin'thepast-if!he~ were ina position wherehe could Ie*ef benefit.-He felt thathe had done a great service for his country. He stated, however, that he felt the Hennrtment and particularly Hr. UOAR had not.heen-fair with him and cited the f0l1owinnl4'; vi: . . .__" ' , eu-

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- ' . .- ._ _-;- 7 1 I 1 ' TO: £.~.:1 Die;-o _ - 92 .- Dzrcctor, FBI 1 _ :_;- _ - F- . H

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DepartmentJustice of .' " . -" s r-= $- Washington, D. C.- ' r. Cdhrad...._ . llr. J. Ir. I11 b.~y_._._ Dear Sir: _ _'- 4'0.; :3 I Clare! ' ' * ~ r... ,5,Tda. A few years ago Hrs. Viola Luizzo of Detroit was Bates killed in I-Iissi§"§Ii:>"p'I'wf1¬i'-e_92fa_s__9292§otkingWell she tozhelp Walei. register blacksto§2,'._¢ I. M fa 1 .,:ya I -9, 1 'M .:,._ At the time, the P.B.I. 4con_fiscated'a11Aher'per:i0na1.,..8 ya!-a__...I B-one | , belongings and according to her husband,:they have 'I never beenreturnec'l.._ Lupizso ,Mr. is-very'anxious; to"- 1? a ~ Q.-I have these items. ..-an-,'. I *' ' " ' '->'=-'" ' 3'" 9 r A 1 .-l"- D Any assistance you can.provide i ¢g;;&"»}"111' K _ _. 2';be most appreciate_ d _ 1;_ J .- " i, H =.'_L:a_J';92.1 -T u_ :._5'1hank' you.I e J : u f -;a, $92'92§ ".£"1;I:.f'A

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' j -- poaunshot and an puaonal. dzua in Lorain belonging: County, at n.;|$|-munnu I-1uuo92vbo'w l la:nh_85,w»..,921 .~ '@~=" . 1985.our £3.10:char thatprnlbun inquiryhad j.- 1 ill.~.,. . 0!antic: tho Civil 111 coma:-ninq ht:Mn. niviilon mupoli 0! UM U. l..£. utnnnt 0! $1. ,;5;'<.2i_.;",A;:~.-1. . ¬:PF"F'?¥°!!$f:;"£f1'£9:.*>;q!1iF»§-*.,.;. -l. _ __..92_ ..?"."f""' ___- .. .<_ .- __ _., -n_.__92;} ' zhziqm ¢i§1=¢£.'t"i£"{J1=1=L'92_f_'__.92i' -" Rf-__. . "' Q 'n. " ._ :- . .'I f_"_ ,- ; Z. '-.';,,-T4 -,,J '. 6 - _ ' . -- 7 ". 1-.'-92-314' V-: _V ___ M it § V__q?v__1§::z. ,1 .p ,_ - i ~u92~uii-.- " " ' -'r ">1 , ~.,-- . ___:_ _.. ; Aif3.}.'i ' 92 . H-R-1-.¢ .--, '-_ " -of -,_r _ -v ,~ -_. 17'." atterto Honorable William s. Broom.fiald_ ~1in ~ =';_;£§-;{j§92 * ,=, ¥_ . _.s _ _ . _. _ . . 92 1 1.J I _-V .1 '.. NO'1'E:. RepresentativeBroomfield Republican - Hichig L .| - _. _ with whom relations have been satisfactory, req ests " '1 assistance concerning efforts 'on'part of Mr. Anthori§"Liuzzof 5 2 -92' in obtaining personal belongings of his wife who was shQF_'.}~, s .5 and killed by Klansmenin Lowndes County, Alabama,on '-L-A: p -.5, . 3/25/65. RepresentativeBroomfield refersto her murder --_§.~ - in Mississippi. Although this letter was not addressed "* i_-_}§f.=': 92 - to us, it is felt we should respond to Qnsure the statement; a... referring toour confiscationof Mrs. Liuzzo's liilongings is clarified by 'us.Our'l4obile Office '_.which handledthis,:;_+.;f'+,3. case previouslyadvised'it not does possess any of; - '?__.. 1' Mrs. Liuzzos personalbelongings and they were last authoritiesto be in possession March,in of Lo92rnd_es 1965.TheCpunt Civil ,.fAlabama,Rights localDivision " CR9! ,_ ff-1 >3; 92 92 1. has beenadvised of this previouslyi and -has handled.-prior ;v ; inquiries concerning this material. It _is_;fel§ _¢oi1gressman;.,"-;'__.':,;.; &._r . Broomfie1d's;-inquiryshould be referrqdétq CRD sin_ we are"g_ '.» '| not awareofang_,§further _action§iIhich'CRDmay §h_a§,vegaken'on-*-"'.-T_~,' such inquiries. *' It,is§__notedthe Congr1$,ssg'an's"*Ie_ti_t_er; boarrieq»- --- the spelling__g;u_i;zzo._ - Correctqpelling 1-"' :' 5» I.-i1_1_zzo. is ;~-7 nu zliV. i

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+ vi-~ 92_ L5 1! j fig. _Cathy Caxver -tn ll 1'05!!! claims the in dau ht A4 E" W 03 zot and killed Mrs. informant viola Luizzo, .;-:0 ::.::§:::.'a c vii Right] yo;-kg; '5 °" / 5/65 The last known contact with e wag on 1 1/6/71 when he telephonically contacted out am 1:1 t Office stating ha was unemployed and wouldbe intoeg in Federal Narcotics Agent or sky mar.-aha1'Q job gm, Q " - Ident record shown Int anti?! an drunk charge; an 3/3 :9 ,3 "5 when arrested by.San Diogok 11911 putmng 0 I Q ~%~ K =1-L» ~== »-I»&-=='-si:;"§:£t°:1.:"1:.-::*=::;,aII h 6 encourage her to request, tux-that aaaistanca I in l L in locating Rowe in the event a 0it aigalanttolj H5: i »§.92;,,¢%.@ §1 1" 92 92 21» H 92 1 _r . 1'1 92 O¢ 92-

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->_-. . E I . -~ .-1 -. s » -;. if , .'.- April 27, 1967.! H y "C - ; . _ - . .,-- . --'.,!. -. , - - - .- '$-.:'~ .. n» . La 1 Before COLEMAN and DYER. Circuit Judges. and -_ _ =4,- P. " - . . W. I, . _ . ESTES, District Judge. .- ' .; - .;-'-. . - M il- 7 P1-. ,9-"I'F'1!-I,i ._ '~~ v "'--i 5' i _ ..:_|.E, . . l r .u"' ._ 92 COLE;_MAN, CircuitJudge: In the United States - .l-.,}.;§,, ~§-1-5 .-,1 . - ... .|,"l:-,i. I 3 _, =.. L _ '4.v District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, t ' { . - 1 - _ --1 - e 92 '.¢92 - L these appellants were convicted of and sentenced to _~ . 2...; . 4 '2?-"g:.'.-trial"i- -.2-'-T."' -' the maximum term oi imprisonment" for a violation 2 J J 92 of section 241, '1itle'1lT;'UnltedStates Code, which

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' it VAQ °_z ,wm=m¢, Jr; Ci;oi:-v. -U.s.= . ' warm, Jr.,iii oi. u. U. s h -e ' . ' 7'7 ' l ' 1' J W ' w 7 " ' '777 77' "17 7 7 " '7'"T ' makes??? criminaloffense toconspire againstrights . 3 i ._ ._, i -,1-I. ,_|_-mi. ._§|<:,. of citizens secured to them by the Constitution or -, hi: l:?.., -l, I; 5'?., 1'.- laws oi the United States. Weaffirm. . .. 1,; its' '92 1 it-"Her.4 . - 1- . 1 "-92'Mu»st'.i-1-A ' -I=__.!"- n'. The'I> guilt or-innocence of the appellants wassub- > mitted to the jury on an indictment which, after ii '.amendment bydeletion during the charge to the 1.f F jury, read as follows: injure, oppress,threaten andintimidate citi- ..__ . ._ UR. _ .zens at the United States in the vicinity of U "Lommencing on or about Maren l, I Selma and Montgomery, Alabama in the eit- and continuing to on or about March 28, 1965, ercise andenjoyrneaauof--certain rightsand 1 ,7?_ WILLIAM ORVILLE EATON, COLLIE LE- lg". privileges securedto them by the Constitution . -- t. -6 .92 " BOY WILKINS, JR., and-EUGENE THOMAS, r7 and lawsof the United Staics,and becauseof . . - within the Middle District of Alabama, con- their having exercised such rights as fol- 4 ered together, with each other and with 1.. lows: , 1" . ,. -tr persons to the Grand Jury unknown, to , .~it .1. q, u I . i - i§ T?-' "'2ii.- Ionspiracy against rights of citizens . [!] The right to participate in a protest .,9- .I .- twoor moregegons conspireto injure,oppress, threaten. 92 ' = march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, -5'!:or intimidate any cit in the free exerciseor enjoyment of any i '3. .*~ 1 right or privilege secured to him by the Constitution or laws of to present apetition to the Governor ofAla- . E: - the United States, or because of his having so exercised the same; or bama in Montgomery, and to participate in Ff. if two or more personsgo in disguise on the highway, or on the carryingout of a'proposedplan for such the premise: of another, with intent to prevent or hinder hie free 2- march pursuant to an order entered on i .g_1 . "exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege so eecured-- l 1 I 1, . They shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not I March 17, 1965, by the United States District I!_" _- more than ten years. or both." . i Former section 51 of this Title read as follows: A - - lg-"-..-. Court-for the Middle District of Alabama, in h " If two or more persons conspire to injure, oppress, threaten ._ #2 or intimidate any citizen in the free exercise or enjoyment of any 92 the case of Williams u. Wallace, Civil Action ' -92.-1:5 f+-- , {$3. . right or privilege secured to him by the Constitution or laws of Number 2181-N. . H Q 1%;' the UnitedStates, orbecauee ofhis havingso exercisedthe same; - ..; or if two or rn_ore personsgo in disguise onthe highway.or on Illlli l the premisesof anotiist. with intent to preventor hinder his free . it Hi . ».=r§=-1 exerciseor enjoyment 'oL_any orright privilege so secured. they It was part of the plan and purpose of the ti| "r1,-'. s. 5- shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars and imprisoned .." I" 1.4 not more than ten years; and shall, moreover, be thereafter conspiracy that the defendants would harass, f ineligible toany office or place ofhonor, profit,or trust created , i threaten, pursue and assault citizens of the by the Constitution orlaws of the United Btates." Q 'fl ., Act of llsy 81, 1870, 16Stat. 141, Rev. Stet. 16508,18 U.8.0. United States in the area of Selma and Mont- -.1.--w,e _w, _~Z 1 f I gomery, Alabama, who were participating in M1. a 921 i _. _92_. y. 1! ls or had participated in, or who were lending I llr. Eatondied duringthe pendeney"ofthis appeal end the, I E or had lent their support to ii demonstration march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, "-':"~~!ttii.-$-I ' 20' "**"'- - " 1' -mew. '=*~'**t'~...... '~*l-"=~*~'=..~:l'-'t"*"' **f'.*'"'_"""""-" "°""5§F."'"'*..i-'. a- -- n 1 - 1 , . . v I 1--it-2 ,_.- .,, W . _,.,...,-. iv." -a fl u , :1~. -'W'{"l~ 3 *1 ::' in-"K '.'*'¬F5'5-Rik ' =~'|il'v*<éi'*i?i"*»'592= '-!'i- '' *9 S i i -2!"!¥1"f:§"w|""-'92"5-92§?,¢'§-5*';?f'~§5-'*"tr".'5-'4'"-Y 925--I '{51'¥.~?' 1"-"J5.1'|1'-"'92-7."}"'-'7 55" 7'.l'~' "" - '7'? '":":' "7 ' -tau--t 1'!-:3-_|:-p; 5,, l,.:__.1_J-;,_-4. ,5; _ -» ,_|_r.l:-2-r ?__,,¢.92; ... .. f -.1 A ,,, in .',_ - _"92.- M . h -r=;' . "_ 5; ».'.e - t..~ 1", 4-' '/ S Wilkins, .rr., ct at. u U. s.- Wilkins, J1-., et oi. 0. U. S. .,- J.~| _ "" _ " ___7_ 1, 7* ***. _ 7 ._ 1;. . i " ,_ __ ,,' rleegi-no .__:_ In violation of Section 241 of Title 18 United ing, mark out the other four that are enu- -We States Code. ' . merated in the indictment, leaving only the , 4 fourth right that the Government in its indict- ment says the '¬6h"?§iracy was formed to op- 4+ Th;"h'u'Eibered sections eliminated by the Court up reed as follows: - press, threaten, and intimidate citizens in the exercise of, and this right isto participate ! The right to publicly protest unlawful . in a protest march from Selma to Montgom- 5 deprivation of the right of Negro citizens ery, to present a petition to the Governor in ._ of Alabama to register to vote and to Montgomery, and to participate in the carry- .c'_ , vote for candidates for federal office. -1.- ing out of a proposed plan for such march

. ! The right to encourage and assist Negro pursuant to an order that had been entered l citizens of Alabama in the eiercise of on March 17, 1965,by the United States Dis- ; their right to register to vote and to vote trict Court in the lididdle District of Alabama. ' for candidates for federal office. The indictment says, further, that it was a 1. {Si The right to peaceably assemble, pub- part of the plan and purpose of the conspiracy that the defendants would harass, threaten, J . licly protest, and petition the Governor j of the State of Alabama for redress of pursue, and assault citizens of the United grievances on behalf of Alabama. States in the area of Selma and Montgomery, Alabama, who were participating in, or had B! -The right to travel to and from the State participated in, or who were lending or had 0 - of Alabama and to use interstate high- 1 lent their support to a demonstration march _ ways and other instrumentalities of in- -II from Selma to Montgomery pursuant to the as - terstate commerce in and through Ale- plan that was just referred to, and which bama. S p r: march had been approved by the court."

"3 M In his charge to the jury the Court discusses these , whatever the reason. the affirmative negation, 0| 2*" l 2 -2 -'_. 'mif1°n' h !9}1°w': . v these sections [1,2,3,!i] containing averments as to " 1- You will"only be concerned with the fourth federal elections and traveling in interstate com Ad}- paragraph, as numbered in this indictment- merce were withdrawn from the consideration of the because of their having exercised the right to iwon 4, ~. .-

participate in a protest march-and I am go- 07-. -spa"? _ ing to, fo'r,~your assistance, without obliterat- ' ' u | ' I I 1 ._.| .

. . --I ._ _- l t . ,, .+_,m_. .|.., ._ . 9- »-"_ t _---_ -_ ;_-_-__ ."-..:'_¢_---_'_.» "-.~: ,, -. -__,~_ _|-I ._,-_ . _».._ t Hgr.-T-.-'.'.*p " -J:-4. - >.~;~E- '~'¢ - -r~-~.-- W--. -- :. '. -,.-. A '-,-'- ._ _ .=."..'---'--.'.-* 3*-..-I - -I-'1-. - .." '92 .--..5.~ .92-. ~-- L "1-. »~:i-=~-'-.--" "T " . ._ : '-.L.._ a..1= 1 . Q I ,1: r:l~'- r :5 rk.-f;~~#

'Ordered. adjudged and decreed that. pending further order of this Oourt. George C. Wallace. ns Governor of the State of Alabama. Albert J. Lingo. as Director of Public Safety for the State of Alabama. and James G. Clark, Jr., as Sheriff of Dallas 2 i County. Alabama. their successors in .office, agents. representa- tives. employees, and other persons in active concert and participa- tion with them be and each is hereby restrained and enjoined l'lOlll2 s ! Arresting. harassing, threatening. or in any way inter- fering with the efforts to march or walk. or the marching or walk- t ing. by the plaintiffs. members of their class. and others who may loin with them, along U. S. Highway 80 from Selma, Alabama, to iontgolnery. Alabama. said march as presently approved by this gel , _ . --.¢-.-red-so I -t. to commence in Selma. Alabama. not earlier than Friday. i .-. 19. 1085. and not later than Monday. March 22. 1965. and to hate in Montgomery, Alabama; and ; Wilkins; J1, ct oi. v. U. S. 7 i I; ll Otherwise obstructing, impeding. or interfering with "~: pent ful non-violent efforts by said plaintiffs, members of I . .;eir class, and others who may join with them. in protesting The opinion of the Court preliminary to the order, and demonstrating by assembling and by marching along U. S. 1 Highway 80 from Selma. Alabama. to Montgomery, Alabama. 240 F. Supp. 102, stated that the plaintiffs seelrilto . t 92. as said march is proposed in plaintiffs plan filed with this Court have this Court guarantee their right to assemble i '_92and served on the defendants on March 16. 1965. and to the ea- I tlltt that said lan is presently approved by this Court. demonstrate peaceablf"fU!""the purpose of redresslpg It is further ordered. adjudged and decreed that. pending their grievances concerning the rig-ht to _register;;to further order of this Court. the defendants George C. Wallace, as Governor of the State of Alabama, Albert J. Lingo. as Director vote in the State of Alabama without unlawful inter- of Public Safety for the State of Alabama, and James G. Clark. ferences". The Court further stated. Under Alabama Jr.. as Sheriff of Dallas County, Alabama, their successors in office, agents, representatives. employees. and all others acting in K law, registration is prerequisite to voting in any elec- I concert with them. be and each is hereby restrained and eajoind i | from failing to provide police protection for the plaintiffs. mem- tion [including federal electionsl". - ff ;.-. at1 ':'*- bers of their class. and others who may join with them. in their march. as presently scheduled and presently approved by this Court. to commence not earlier than Friday. March 19. 1965. and On its face, Williams 'v. Wallace, supra, was a tit not later than Monday. March 22, 1965. along U. S. Highway 80 typical Fourteenth Amendment proceeding. It sought from Selma. Alabama. to Montgomery. Alabama. A i 92 It is further ordered. adjudged and decreed that the motion to enjoin State action. There were no defendants for preliminary injunction ied by the defendant Governor other than the governor and other named officials of 1' 5.* Wallace. the motion by the plaintiff-lntervenor. United States of America. for relief in addition to that herein specifically granted. the State of Alabama and Dallas County. The Court and the motion of the plaintiffs for relief in addition to that- hsreinspeeificaIly'graatedbeandsschiaherebydenied. order was directed only against these officials. "their successors in office, agents, representatives. employees, and other persons in active concert and particpation with them". State interference with the

l .. .. -.-...~...;.....w~ -- -. . ,,_ so , 1 . _- .. right to make the march according to prescribed plan .- " -a -' -e__..,.,; .~. l." was prohibited; state police protection was com- ..4 , v. l. manded. No private citizens were named as defend- .- e.--I t ~ -I -~ - i a, """", -. . "'. - tr; .~";w.t-H--I '- * - . .|'-"- "' " an-. -~--- '--., ."'" in»,='-. we " - ."!~ "F ""' - 1 '-s ". r .' ' ..' II Ii. ' 1 . "i" ' .1 . . - L 92 .>U . 4, ..-.l-- ,,., _. . . 1-. *>~ _ f ,,-I | <,.v 1 ~ . ti-ii: .1 it-__ ,-|:- _. : 1 I _ . . la; _ "I: :'" K / Ire us Us S- '$ii,-L"§'q;' '.--r.|--r 1 1-.~v -T,-F.|:.;~.',,' - - ||',|.?.f."-l~'-$14- -W,4 4- ; -1-_ -F-""'_. Ii 4-.; n. . ~ s F1 ewe » n .-_ 3'--ii 1,. | __ -Ht hasreceived littleconsideration, if any, because c I 1." ',_s.' * 451.-I ,_-. ;-p J ._1.,,, Y?I '92 _~"..'.-illants 1 were not parties to nor included. in the 5-;.,r/~. do _.. ,_, ..'lei p e, ' 1 I a-:*fn"i":-'-.'.~r-'-, *1I , = -J,-;: ',:.4"'-- J " I? --..~.'. F Z" 3 iii Kr e 4 5 E I ': ~' "H "- -~ I Ob.hough thecourt order on which the prosecution Wilkins Jr. or oi v U S. 9 1 I , | - - s . '1i",":'.asedessentially was Fourteenth Amendment __ . ac .. _. __ 7 t '_r Tm 1 _I '..-._ againststate officials, the Government in its I . .1. .;.r;.'27! stipulates:-page _ 92. The essentialfacts suppgrtingthe guilty verdict, ; "We do not deal with consideration ofrights shown bythe testimonyof eyewitnesses,will now be _,', _p___ __.nder the FourteenthAmendment andthe re- summarized. " ' 1 -? guirementor the lmmateriality of "some de- l _ r-:-;ree _of State action. The asserted federal l The Court order was entered March. 17, 1965. The right here derives from an explicit federal march commenced in Selma on March 21. It ended I 1 I 4 " §'.'.it'tspecific in order, terms of time, place, at theState Capitolin Montgomeryon March25. On § ,- g:.'l purpose.The right of which we speak is March 21 the Kn Klux Klan of America, Inc., held a 1 .-_. ,j§.-.. . , ¢".._less protected from private interference rally at Crampton Bowl in Montgomery and con- . - xnan it is from official interference". dmged a publiq parade: in that City, the announced purposeof which [state-ti inthe requestfor a parade -7:. ltssupplemental brief, filed in response to a 1'8- permit] was to pl'Ot::I5tan] order issued by la] vE ._-1.-.t fromthe Court, the Government reiterates its Federal Court allowing a five day demonstration, ' . ginal position, as follows: march from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, Ala- ['1']heto enjoyright the benefits of the bama". That these appellants attended the protest federal court order entered by Judge John- rally and participatedin the parade wasestablished I ::on is derived from Article III of the Constitu- by an abundance ofproof. tion and exists withoutregard to the Four- ' I v - tcenth Amendment. That being so, we urged The jury was specifically instructed that appellants .--ggn theoriginal brief] that, 1il:e'iother dis- had a right to attend the protest meeting and to par- -_ tincily national rights,privileges, andim- ticipate in the parade. Nevertheless, the evidence I-! ~ munities, it is protected from interference by was highly relevant as to their actual notice of the conspiraciesof private persons, whether or existence of a court order. It was relevant as to the not state-officers are involved in the conspir- intent of the appellants when they traveled, as will . iiicy. We adhere to that view". -1 later be set forth, to Montgomery and Selma on VL _ _ ,. - March,25.It would justify a jury finding that as early as March 21 these appellants had begun acting in | concert in opposition to the march. . ' . ' -,. 1-.._-'_-'-i, v -.. 1 _ ..,_ - ;_. .' 1' - -_v., __. 1 OnMarch zs, the .153;the marchwas scheduledto rrive, and did arrive, at the Capitol in Montgomery, Un-

1 1 ;,§£§-;;§.jii:?"i§1oWilkins, ct Jr. .9... u.;§.§IfE§- ll. s..4 I '92-. '1'." '-.-PV, ;." '-""1, -, .: , t -J1-92 - /--w-14'-I',' ~-,¬92_-A: -.- e. H1 'Inlr._~ 1 - ',,. -- ': ~-~ ,~ .- . "'~'is-"'v':.'a'-F "'1 . -s '-'-- " "' "' " '-'. :1 q . - I -1 ,-,.,¢92_1,§*1~.§,,|_,_.,,,__,-,,,...g-».-92. . .41.,-,u .vw -=,. ,..j"e!H,., -». r Y.-; ,___ . . . :4. 1,,-all-a:&Ul'92l&r-4 - "''"""""" ~-.: =- -']I"'1Iui.I" ' .' tr I-1 i . K._ ._.; ni *1' - i ' - . -. 1* -it-L-;*§.,*»wI' 1=n~>r4r--'-a~.1. q . = l-92 ,14 ''- 1, p-.»;,:i-"--w1- -yr-.r vii:-qr > I 'r;:- " gm.-R;-,iv"l aw '2;'-:1---I-~'~. "'-- 1''-I LI =1.1-:1---'= . I...;_s-;;;,92 --.:* ?~ =:.;t"t5. iii-"P-ii or; -. in Hf. . 7 -W-=~<=d-192==*." I, , . , -5- - _. Ii-»'-" __ ,9 _ ,__ -I . _ . . _._~ .,+ *...~_r:_*:-;r-'nmwwsamasq»a»:»-om-hi-hnatmoumsoawsgmsin --;'.*.*-.--92--,_»._=_.» _ _,_ __.;,> ';.H__ ._ _,,._. , _, . _ . . ..Q, ,92 F?-1:,_-'-1 pg; 1-Q 1 ' 1-ail i|sr*i I-salami I III. N -It |:a,'Il|:_7 .'ha 1 . it 1,4! , Wilkins, Jr., ct oi. u. U. S. 11 1 -.-t= ' a government informer, posing as a member of the ' -J Ku Kiux Klan, whose FBI connection was then un- -i-' known to these appellants,received atelephone call I Eaton askedwhy andThomas replied,We got things -i from .Bngerar*'I'homasadvising that he [Thomas] to do, and we are going to get them done". After v _;t leaving the restaurant they spotted a hitchhiker on the -1 had to join a group of Klansmen and go to Mont- I gomery that_day. Immediately thereafter, a Klan ot- road andEaton said,-ghereis a hitchhiker: wonder . if it is one of the marchers?" Wilkins replied, I .i.,|J" ficial telephoned the informer to go to Montgomery, ! doh't slowknow, down, ' we "' will see. If it is, we stating that this instruction came from the Imperial I will give him a little fun and a surprise". Upon a Office of the Klan. The informer then contacted an i 11.2 : closer approach, Wilkins said, No, he is not a march- I agent ofutheFederal Bureauof Investigation and .,-.. er, he is too clean to be a marcher". 'ihe_hitchhiker ~-i was instructed to go to Montgomery along with the i was not disturbed. - i i appellant Thomasand anyothers who might accom- [_. psny him.- I l. After being stopped at a Highway Patrol radar 1 92 -| I -.oreafter, the informer met Eugene Thomas, Coi- speed check point on Highway 80, where Thomas re- 1 Leroy Wilkins, and William Orville Eaton at a ceived a warning ticket for an improper muffler, the .31!!! about two blocks from the Klan meeting hall in party of four completed the journey to Selma. They went to a cafe, where they remained for about thirty -1. Bessemer, Alabama. All four men then went to or forty-five minutes. An individual there, identified 92 I Montgomery in Thomas automobile, arriving about I l=.-I I as one charged in the Reeb killing", came up to '3» I0 o'clock,A.M. The informer, as well as Eaton and Eugene Thomas, put his arm on his shoulder, and F Thomas, was armed but the guns were left in the said, God bless you, boys, . . . you go do your job, I parked automobile, after,--which they agent to a filling I have already did sic? mine". - i station near the Capitolpwhere they remained for about five hours. While at the filling station, the ap- I§-I-L . Upon leaving the Sliver -Moon Cafe,the party then - pellants harassed the marchers, shouted at them, drove toward the church where the marchers had booed them, and got into an argument -with some of ,¬..-'__-, gathered. Eugene Thomas was the driver, Eaton sat 1,1it-" the Negrospectators. I 92 I . .*-. i beside him on the front seat, the informer sat behind v . . X s _n Thomas, and Wilkins was behind Eaton. ,i Upon the conclusion of the speechmaking at the jp . Capitol, all four men returned to the automobile and 14J Nicer the church they saw a coupleof Negroes walk- went to e-restaurant. On the way there, Eugene ing down a dirt street. Eugene 'l1iomas slowedthe car down and said,_Loolra there, . . . We are going 5;. '<,'-1-all kii .__,, - -:92~ :1 .'* t592.'.r- ~/ 1 -. a -,- l " -1. - I: - '1 ' qt .- -n Li -'-a 5 - '. . _.-. , '92" £1-' - eall - 5. "-'. , A ."' '" _" ' 1' »:'e-"-.F5l.?" .- q.e- . _...-_- -'- . 1+3 .92 - H ,,- ~921".i-"1=::"; _-- -"~»'-.'~".'1?'- ti -»¢.:.92 - .. .;- 1'1" .r-'..'*-..-V - --;. -.~' _-1 T .=:, . - '-i-r~:~*='- __ as-. .' _1i;=.~- -- v, J I-hid 2 f . _ . _H Y _ .. h __.~__ _ u it 3.., U H _ __ __'_ Q-¢'Mh92 __ r I ~> ._" ' -;_v_nIe- 92y:.,mIh.;|. -:_-,1; ".._.. ,_-.,.=_,, _ 4,__ _._ ,, _ _. ____ _ _ V I -I-" vi-"51r'~ 5 5. "5 ' " 1 *i» "' jg-ti -r1"+:.* ""'|*: it 'T'" "~"r" it *' . .-Tl _»"' .:.i:-. -T121-:= -r.-T if"*¬5E1§'-""iv-.:i<="¥* ;~.--1'14-1-.-3;vf:".J »-'= T1.-1 -- -_ =~.-E; '*.- 3;}: ~;-='_* -I-'7' __~ J __f_' P ll-';;.~"g.__f'f - ' - ivtsttwrPar?.rnd4.-visa»I.*~vro-"s>92m*-wwiir--an t-1.---..;.~,.»."»¢ .<..-isle.-'-."-e-.r.-t-..~=" Ill

12 Wilkins, Jr., ct at. U. U.' S. Wilkins, Jr., ct oi. v. U. S. 13 I g o take them When they were within a short M I distance oi the people, the informer saw an Army was following the Oldsmobile he told them to sit up .4 , 1 truck with soldiers sitting within and exclaimed, "be again. They continued to follow the Michigan car and Thomas said again, All right men . . . tonight is the 31 caretql,,,1.h,e!e is troops up there, the best thing we 92 can do is get the hell out ot here". At that they night we are goingto take them". . ' l Fiji!!- passed these people and drove on. During the period when they" had spotted these people, and while the While Thomas was trying to catch the Oldsmobile car slowed down. Eugene Thomas took his gun from he said to the informer, Baby Brother . . . get 92 between the seats and handed,it to Wilkins, but when i ready, we are going to get them on our side". they noticed the Army truck the gun was replaced | 3'1 , i . between the seats. =- As Thomas started to pull alongside the Oldsmobile 1 the informer saw Craig Air Force Base to the right .=-. .. . I 'Leaving this scene, the party then drove through i in trout oi them. He told Thomas to go back" be- ja- i 'r Selma toward the Alabama River bridge. About two cause that woman is trying to turn into the Air . l 5 4 1 I 1 i - three blocks West ot the bridge they stopped tor a Force Base. Thomas said, "Nope . . . we are going a 1 e l Fl -attic light and saw a light colored Oldsmobile bear- to get them tonight. At this time the Oldsmobile 92 J ...i *ng a Michigan license plate. A white woman was veered to the right as it it were going to turn into l .": w driving the car and a Negro was seated in the front the Air Force Base, but it did not. It veered out and 1 | l L; the woman driver stepped on the gas and went on ? 1-[If seat with her. The following conversation ensued: 92*l.i"'" down the highway. l i F r -7 - Eugene Thomas: Wonder-wonder where they are ".: going? Let's follow them, we are going to see where Eugene Thomas followed it at speeds oi eighty to they are going, I think they are going out to the ninety miles an hour and exclaimed, Well, this is a l -" ;;1"r | ii. fi- good place . . . we will take them now". Wilkins told .33- 1 xi-_ woods on s dirt road and park somewhere together. i ."_ K Thomas that he better be careful because the high- 9: V "I .. E " . |;..|-- = Thomas then told the others to get down in the . - J way patrol radar is "right up there a little piece". ~. _92 <~. - i' .-.._..|.l92_.. ,; . back, below window level, because we are going to However, Thomas continued to chase the Oldsmobile .92_',. -92u I _l t follow them -and take them". Thomas then said, "I i -._, and throughout the chase the discussion was that they J .. 7. is i believe we got some ot the brass. We are going to get were, "going to get them tonight". Thomas asked 1* -V: - . . l___ L. them tanightiht ' _ _ . whether he should bump the automobile in order to stop it. Wilkins answered, fNo, brother . . . you can'.t ."l. Alter the informer and Wilkins had been down in stop it like that; it you get one speck of paint on this T--r the back seat tor several minutes and while Thomas automobile, we get caught . . ._ .- You just get .¢ -.92 I I I l i *.-|i- - .' ' up beside oi it, and s-'5' stop it. " ._' . 0 - ~ ....-.-.-¬_.,__,,,_,._... ,- .W '» .-92_- ~ l ,_ __;__.r_,_,_§_ ..92, ,_<-. . , m_. . ._ ._ .,._ - l, _ ,, -r_ _.. -._,_-~-_ _; ._.:_ _-.-;._} Maw ,7 . ,:."§;-»e , ?__7_,....¢¬.,_}~ ~ ..t.~;-,. k .ti:-i 5 .Lt.-:~-ll-:1 m. - -...... n-.-i ~ =-- '--~-"r-1- =-'-r --~-- - _ I an I _ II ._ W Ii, elf? _ .'<.-or-.7;=t=~.*_»=~.'~~= Ir-< __*':_; = -1» I-_:;_ __'_;,-t- -1- -. ,-rL|;92?.__' " . ., ~ ":__ 2 W:-jl-e 5 :_|;.f',;_~H 5 -* 1-, "-"""i - ;. Q If é. - ' '- - - . - ,| 1 - '. :2 < . 22. _ E _. ,_ E3; ;?,~' _,|,-:_- we- 1 2 _ . __ ,- -_-witn.ma,- J|., -. be tl-it U._ U. ~ h. - '.1: ,._-;<=. .f;;_,_ -,1. , _-.1-' .._-~.'»_,?_}p > 1. _ . t . 92,,~ F ' ' T, 7* -"i . e gt $119 nuranil-in .-'a.- nenn-tnnlr tl-an lrlmnnhila i'.=:f:_._ -_ - if ;_,:5~i','._3?.',::§f!{:;--fF_t'.'-1§"ff._;in' -L',92-Q--,, .;,:.'._i .".-"A _ ;. '."u-i:.92;a- .;_;-flhi If-1 -.1!-,1} ,'.. -'. iv .»:u__.!!. ._=:=, ;------, --- -.-----..-. -..... ---.-- --,.,.- sl."5' . -- _ . ..ea'vvIn-92s-se.ie-n>twa>~-evn'-==zst:|r'--I-~'vi<-~r--s=.:.-..-'.-.-v-e...:new-been-htvi--at newt.-W aw ' ._. F{§e§.1_,.- . Thomas said, this is it .' . . we are going to lift -p 92 Wtilcitt->', 41}. .,. u-I-. U. u. 0. -Iv -. " iii? ~ - '' ;. 1!. - right here and now". Wilkins stuck his arm oft1t=' ii-'1. I ',,_,fg§,.. ta. i thegindow, with 'I'hornas- pistol in hand,-{and as tha_'._ n_lgng with the inferences reasonably to ,be drawn . wods£'dtivei}?§bf the other car turned her heiid P therefrom, was quite. enough to support the Verdi toward them Wilkins fired two shots into the front that these appellants did intentionally conspire of her automobile. At tins point, Eugene iagainst citizens participating in the march and/or pe- Thomas said, "Shoot the hell out of them, everybody titioning the Governor *of"'i921abama for s redress off vshoot the hell out of them". Eaton began firing his 22 grievances. . punt, loaded with shaved bullets. Wilkins continued to fire as their car passed the automobile. Eaton was II r leaning out of the car trying to fire. The Oldsmobile Section 241 of Title 18, U.S.C. originated as £2 Of 151! continued straight down the highway and the informer Act of April 9, 1966, 14 Stat. 27. It later became i8 stated that the shooters had missed [the target]. of the Act oi May 31, 1670, 16 Stat. 141. It has since "!:ins responded, "Baby brother, don't worry. I existed as tssoa of uie revised statutes of 1a14-ma. .l92 - ' . t miss. That and are dead and in he1l". '-1|. A as §19 of the Criminal Code of 1969, 35 Stat. 1692, Ii 1 Wilkins and Eaton threw their cartridge casings out and as §51 of the United States Code, 1926 Codifica- if | 92 1 J the .window._ When they reached Bessemer they at- tion, 44 Stat. 462. It came to its present form in the 1948 revision of the United States Code. For a com- tempted to arrange slibis. ' > ! parative table oi the various forms of these several 92 'lhe dead body of the woman driver of the Olds- 1 statutes, see the Appendix to the opiriliottof Mr: :5 I ., mobile was, of course, soon found. The proof showed tice Frankfurter in United States v. wunams U-W11. that she had participated in the march and had given appegfjng at pagE.82 Of Reports. lid and assistance to others who did participate. The informer immediately reported what he had wit- A detailed judicial history of the statute prior to n-g 1892 is to be found in the opinion of Mr. Justice Gray , . nessed. _ . I erJ , 1 in Logan v. United States, beginning st page 231 OI ' I -.---_; __4_ fl i 144 U. S. iteports. - I . V As stated inthe__ outset, these are the bare, un- i sdorned essentials of the evidence upon which the 9 . I y- é jury returned its verdict. There was extensive, detail Two oi the latest decisions of time Supreme Cour! Bf 1 the United States are. of came. United Stat" "- n corroboration. We have not the slightest doubt that I this_evidence,|,credited by the jury in its verdict, » c.aee:,aaa u.s. 145, as s. ct. mo, is L. ma. 2d zas, ad United states u. Price, 383 U.S. 787, BB S. Ct. 1152, - 1., . P 2 . 1'0 i - 92 ,,'. . LU an1-Ll. w nu Is eaomDUI, 92lI92Iusn rl-mi-hA-an-Ind 92a92Issl92nvll-0--'" Ilnrr-la-'I 28.'1;§l, I l_ s i. E = . ,-_ ' I . . ---,.---_-_~-.-are-T_-e-1-V-M,-e-,--aw-92.e-..,'.. -.- - ---:..._..._., _-.-.....------:7?-e,:> , ,1 |

5 .

" I ..' -- -..~...,92 !g92»-_h- . I _ I - , . .- - -. 92 _. .. - 1 .. .-.~. _ I -_,- --;-.- _ .1 1 P .1 , i i., ,_---> -. -- __ - T.->...n...*.*[email protected],<,-3.-3. _ . , I , , _.:-i1 . , J _, :torio'92rr1:vsaz,w- ,___ I-8. _ . ,_~ -J. --.._._ _ ¢_._ -- .3, .-._... __ __ ,..,...... , _ , ,4-___,__-_~ _ r.-.e---.-.'-;f92»'' ' - - .-.- =1i"*.*"-*1.-.i=i.'=».-i - =-.é*"~"?""r - - ~- --~-.-1'-="~.*--.:5-i-~=4*5* -it-';»*1.i'.i92"*:."?'1ii*5"¬=-*'-2'?-'-we ' - i -- . *1». -~ %tH*et¢d'!'.11li¢.8sohu92m'nx

to deprive three individuals of their Fourteenth I Amendment rights. Fourteenth A-mendment rights Y t were heldiB"be withinthe purviewoi 18 U.'S.C.241, weI ' __-1 . 1 and private individuals alleged to have been acting in 92. UUIIUGIIqna_ngQ-O Willi lIIlhaiiw Jlalg ra#'|IaA|lI I-lll§:I§ IIIQIIII 5' cl: IITKLglr fa U kg Y¬Qneivan T551115 Ia under color oi law. 4 -92 States o. Powell, 212 U.S. 564. It remains the In United States 1:.Guest, supra, all those indicted Court: viewtoday. See.e. g., Evans o. New- were private individuals. In one respect, the indict- ton, 382 U.S. 296; United States v. Price, post. ment wss held sufficient to charge _a violation oi p. T87." --*'-''* ' Fourteenth A_Inendnient,rights under @241. in the 1 opinion of the Court. 388 U. S. 755, we rind the follow- I The Courtwent onto say that theinvolvementoi 1 - language: the State need not be either exclusive or direct. our "-- _] "It is a commonplacethat rightsunder the 1 Guest further held that if the predominant purpose au ~ E.1ual Protection Clause itseli arise only oi a conspiracy is to impede or prevent exercise ot 1".-ei -where there has been involvement oi the the right of interstate travel, or to oppress a person " State or of one acting under the color oi its because oi his exercise oi that right, then, whether or - authority. The Equal Protection Clause does 4 not motivated by racial discrimination," the conspir- not . . . add any thing to the rights which one . i acy is a proper object oi 18 U.S.C.$241. citizen has under the Constitution against - , - another. United States u. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. In the case now before us, we are dealing exclu- 542, 554-555. As Mr. Justice Douglas more re- i sively with the acts oi private individuals and the ..aI-_ ...._a an slIH._ I! ______...aL l.___.__I_____a - CHI-'l-HyI Pill H, 'I.l'lCIUUIIBISIIIII .lL.I'l'lBlIlClIII-BI Government expressly concedes that the case pre- " _ protects the individual against state action, i sents no Fourteenth Amendment question. - not against wrongs done by individuals. 'l"_fStates United u.Williams, 341U.S. 10,92 dis- That being true, we must determinewhether the .,..p.' - jsenting opinion!. This has been the view oi i alleged conspiracy vioiated "safety and protection to Y '= the Court 2'from the beginningUnited Statesu. persons in the exercise oi rights dependent on the .. f-¢aJI_nI-4|-IL _4s..-4I- II_.ll--J O6-at-._ nu LI-.--1-. ,'%T'H"§-Illllllb, IEPIB, LIIIIUILI IIFUFII Ila l']GlPTII'|_ laws of the United States, including," at course, the s i ""196 U;_B._629; Civil Rights Cases,109 U.S.3; 1 Constitution and treaties as weli as statutes = ", Hodon v. United stem, zos u.s. 1; United . United States v. Waddell, 112 U.S. 75, N 884!. _ - l We now quote what the Supreme Court said in ' 0 1Logan concerning Cmikshank, supra: """"?""i"'§"Iq=*92'lf'_~e-r-'-rive-1-t-.-:92-... '-',-'.~1,.92- , - 1.:-bl92>11~'.w{p92dlw-1 ".u..- - -.-..-..,,,,.__.__,-l . .. g , Q-1' I time ,#s. -"1"-v'_-.- 1-. __.,¢,._- .-.,- .' " ta -' - - ' 51--r;~_~/ -. - 1I - -r ,"in United Smtes e. Creileslmttle, 92U.S. Q, ' 92.--P-; ' _ " ..- 1 J . at the same term, in which also the opinion I by .. '_" ~_ 1,. }..~._,-,_, -_ 92 __ _ _,,__ _. ,-_ ..,..",-_-- * _" " ' ' _ _~ .:.,__;1.__. I ,1; ,_'._---2,,-_.'|"',;. -"-1-,~,r_, _ , - _- . . . 1 it-ti" 1" 1* ~t, -,5 Pi-,,,._,,,,.1-' ~*;;-;; ''-92 -' " "-**-- 1'-,--,,-,,_,»~,,,»,-=,;,,,"~.. ..$ . . it%iP.ii:t=_1i192i<=ueohFi='-'ri~einr<-ra5s:iiil"»,'-leer ...... -=~ *..;.-...t"-.=?..:.'.f.-;-.-...a.....*" *'-"-"-'.'>=.*¢:.-'...i.~s.--.;<=»'e=' Q 4 I -" 1 . I4- I. . . / - . 1 JI'., ale; I!. so . I - J7. it U. Us so i I L.-'- '.- L-s|II I .1-"I-I "l""-~ 1'" ' j -WW4 W ' " ,_ __ _._ I _ p p zl I '.l was on section 5 of theEnforcement Act U egg! th;;Mmd;m8 wag to prelmnt a'meet_ I ,§:.'9 '1, ~- of 1870, reenacted in Rev. Stat. £5508, under f ing for such a purpose, the case would have 1..,'r.. J which the present conviction was had,! and heen arid-tin the statute, and within the scope M the points adjudged on the construction of of the sovereignty of' ther United States. 92 -. 5-». the Constitution and the extent of the powers U.S. 552,553." ' ' ' I of Congress were as follows: 'hi;-iii ' ' In United States v. Cruikshank, supra, the Court "L-let. It was held that the First Amendment . ll of the Constitution, by which it was ordained said this: ll mat Congress should :ns.irene last ahridging "From this it appears that the right oi sm- -92 l i A the right of the people peaceably to assemble 'frage is not a necessary attribute of national and to petition the government for _a redress 'citizenship: but that exemption from discrim- 1 oi grievances, did net_graht to the people the it tastier: in the exercise of that right an account right peaceably to assemble for lawful pur- of race, dtc. is. The right to vote in the States l poses, but recognized that right as already comes from the States; but the right of ex- 1 stating, and did not guarantee its continu- i. e...,...... rnnl-inn ---... from i.h0'nrnhibii:2d __..- ,----__---_ discriminatione-e_-_---_-_----- ance except as against acts of Congress;. and 7 comes from the United States. The first has i not been granted or secured by the Constitu- .'. therefore the general right; was not a right ~ -. ;..33".".- eeetued hy the Constitution of the United » tien at the United States; but the last -has _,,_~, . .,:-..92_ 1 E __i. States.- But the court added: The right of the ; been." . 3 people peaceably to assemble for the purpose I o ¥ ir§[; J - ' <-...!' of petitioning Congress _for a redress o_f griev- Since Cruikshank, it has been well settled that the 1 right to vote in elections for the selection of federal D ances, or for anything else connected with 1 i it the powers or the duties of the national gov- officials, in accordance with applicable State law, is at ernment, is an attribute of national citize-- a right secured by the federal Constitution. See .; ship, and, as such, under the protection of, United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299, 61 S. Ct. 1031, . P: '..-_92- and guaranteed by, the United States. [Ern- 85 L. Ed. 1368; E: parts Yarbroagh, 110 U.S. 651, 4 .1-3; AI|. 0 - 0,: phasis added]. The very idea of a govern- "S. Ct. 152, 28 L. Ed. 2!--Li; United States o. Mosley,

i | ment, repubiicln in form, implies a right on 238 U.S., 383, 35 S. Ct. 5114, 59 L. Ed. 1355. Conspir- the part of its citizens to meet peaceably for acies to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate any consultation in respect to public affairs and citizen in the exercise of or for having exercised-this to petition fora redress of grievances. If it right are in violation oi 18 U.S.C. 5241, United States had beenalleged in these counts that the-ob- '12. Sayior,-322 U.S. 385, 5'1 S. Ct..1101._ B8 L. E_d. 1341; 3n.. ' . 1_ , . -. ..- _.7_ p .31,--_ ,5 f 1'--'-~.92.,:H~ _ ' - ' I ' r F

_a ..¢- - - -" . - - - , -.e>----., - ~----w-4--r ~. -, :qti . .' ET> 92¢|"'-&_--,2.... 1 it .',- ,;_p;,._@§E4,t,..-,-;;}|;f_;~,_ -.'-~ : ' - U,-92a.,;,-_q,.;_,, .:'. -,_,-'_-:_5-J _.-J, 5 .. 4, | . . -.. -3. 2., + ~ ~.- "_"_:-'_-~,»..92r.',_ .__,_;-»-, e. - ;_;'~.._92 -. ,.~=-.1--;,'..: -_=.':_w,='-,~"1"<. ,-.~-f,~,.!_'.- ,*J'r.-..' .~; . , _, r --,--:,..92;-. |"o92' '_._.._.,..__ :-__. ,,__~, .._;:._.,...92.i~_.,H__.;__,,:_.-'__,:';_1._ i 4 J;- r __._>.-_-.,_.. F. J ;--»- ,._.._ t kw s r. '. ,-__ .?_..x-_,:-.-A_l,;. ' _._ 92 __ , I ., w. __ s - . . .-.» - -H ,.;.. "'1-J-92 .,..-..J - __ up 92{ - _ __r_I 1,. 92|.'-.- _ :- 1.:-.: 'd,.'f." , .. ' -92_ ti 92;»Q1,,,Il. - '- 1'; J:-,,.J - :.., o ed: Hdéll-.",-|-._:.,. - - _ ,__:_'_ - . . .1? -- , .. W.r V. = tiIvi"hil'IL?92hn....i....M- -at-uUi-ltd Ila _ . -w - . 1.1;" r, - ;..,- -._ 'at -:~.. .'-"J . .. . he-...,,,,,,,..i,. . :_ _ 4 '.p3g_a::w'-':'ua- .-1 1- 1- .- . . I t _ __ _ _. . . ,. ,., ._ ,,. _. -,-.. -¢. :4 ..r.. .1 .a_ _ 1; 34¢. an .a..:. Jh 1 p as xii» 4, . ._ mp ha -1 hr 1 Z W 1,,"-w'¢ 1 e-.23" - iv. 'rt-t i?Fi*-->"1.1-=i"*$-H"-t'*' ryq 3, J £155EU;._?§f:'»f1|Eg§':!!'§§§'!-fe;I'.5',}92.!.1e_'92!!l,;'f;;|*!:_:'.92..'!*rg',}Iii';l.~,:a'§|L'§';,':§'§,' p . ,n.Bv.- - ._-.-.- t_ . _,,,_ -_-__ ,_. ., -H 5.-i|!Fi.., .,'_ 15". ,;~,-gt!-_ ?_'i's'<.'e* l as" ww=*~-1'-- == =*-c==- "- -1'; Phi; t s _ r *""?"f" i~~ " "- 5- _ J . "' .: gt - ' .I ' '"i } :5 Field! 0:. United States, 4 co-.,921oss,-rm _F_.2<1l;»-$44; ticipants emanated from the Court Order, that the Crolich u.-Eiunuea States, e cm. 1952', tea-;r'.2a a-:9, Court Order emanated from the Constitution and cert. denied, 344 U. 8. 830,13 s. ct. 30.01 Ia;-tlitd. 640. pf W; __'laws of the United States, and that such Court Order _ - V. ., 92 thus conferred a right within the ambit of £241. = ,.4', _- J. -In Powe o. United Staten, 1940. I09 l".2d§hi7, 151. V In touching upon this point, however, we would this Court held that the right to speak freely and point out that the Court Order was directed solely to print about matters in general was not scoured by state action and the Government admits that there the Constitution and laws of the United States, but the was none here involved. Moreover, we ar impressed Court went ahead to quote from Cruikshank, 92 U. S. with the consideration that if a right or privilege is at 552, the language we have already cited, "if it had secured by the Constitution or laws of the United been alleged " ' ' that the object of the defendants States it requires no advance validation by a court was to prevent a meeting for such a purpose, the order. Likewise, if not so secured it would be hard to -~ would have been within the statute, and within _see how a court order could do that which the Consti- -opeof the sovereignty of the United States". tution or the federal laws had faiied to do. The Court Order was, however, a very pertinent factor in the The Selma to Montgomery march assembly! was alleged offense in that it described times, places, and not in connection with any specifically impending the nature of thefederaliy guaranteed rights to be federal election. The proceedings in Williams v. exercised. It thus fully informed the defendants of warms. supra, were expressly pleaded in the indict- ;the offense charged against them and it limited the ment, however, by title and number. Those proceed- bounds within which the prosecution had to operate. ings directly concerned the denial of the right to reg- ister to vote in federal elections and with an assem- . III bly for the purpose of protesting that condition. in-rnu.an'rs' annex uron "ran tronvtcrrolv Therefore, guided by the cited language in Cruik- shank, we hold that any citizen of the United States "The defendants in the Court below made a timely participating'in_the march was exercising an attri- motion to dismiss the indictment on the ground that bute of national citizenship, guaranteed by the United zit -- elirl ..-_ nnt ..-- atatn -...-- an ..-- offense -__._._ ntrnlnht ..,,_..-_- the ...- II -n..e_ it rl Rt _-a-__.tag States, and that a.conspiracy against those partici- ;What we have already said in Section II provides the pating would be a violation of 18 U.S.C., I241. ''§an.swer to this point. , _i i . _ ui } _ . '- a. ' ' - F 'We thus find it unnecessary "to pass upon the con- f What are the essential requisites of a valid indict- tention of the Government that the rights of the par- rnent for a violation of 52-ii? - p _ 1 . - * _.'| . -I . _ p F

-"""*'¥"1V~§q::f7?¢_"'E*lvt§v92mu:.'-'r£.$uvee':-- ......-_ , . " 't"-» - -. _';n.<¢,Te------"1I'-ff-~ . . _- . it-.a.+ r. _ 5-_t_,_.uq$;4,_-'-:_ . .- ; , ¥_*__.'_/i t ._.,, '> . ~-= __~ ..,. . :7 .--.__. - C '- _U- aw. , , ..* _ _ ._ . _ 1r .- . -i .>>_,-.,»~ . 1 - _. ',-w_--I v ,-,92-., .4 .,-.. ; - £4; if..v_.__;,-_; I T-,____.;h,..__:*.. I .'_.:'_92 .,, i _ ~.| __H ._ ___#_ I: Q ££._,._.___ .__'_ H V _ _ _ .;.=*"-11" "" tie.-.» " -- .-.ti~.?-"- -i*'+"?.'<-* - I - J - . '''"""g"**** - ~ ~ »'*i"**T*i-*-rtwk M ii-1-'4:1-iii-aw-.=-=;r-i;=wis---c"'.'.'-ival"v~<=:="is-.~u;*".: u K3t " v ' ""'-an-'.ti:.-:.t3IF.;;;i...s....'i-"~ -.+-wt-"~ -*--sit-at-aw-we»1:5?-" .1»; .. ,. . ,- - ' i Q wuem, .rr.. ll at. v. U. s. zs :g ' : -ii l Wilkins, Jr., et oi. u. U. 8." V - s _ _ _ _ _ . .. __ g . an I-7. 1| if -4-1 _ 1 polls promptly, and by a tardy discharge of their l It must allege that it was the intent ot the defend- e'~we iduties and frequent absences prevented the persons " L "ii-t-int-'3-1'45ants,-by their conspiracy. to hinder or prevent-the en- 4 _-,1» 5-s-.. inamed tram voting, Mcfienna o. United States, Q Cir., ' joyment,of__s9trie right granted or secured by the Con- 1904, 12': F. as. stitution, and must charge positively and not inferen- I . u I '~tially everything essential, United States v. Cruik- p Not only must a specific intent to intertere with s - .5. 2- . $.;~-;r._-.'shank, iii-ffi. E . iiederal right be alleged in the indictment but it must -l92r._;1- jbe proven--by the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, r . ii .1, It is not necessary, however, that the indictment .Buchanun U. United Statel, 8 Cir., 1916, 233 F. 257; -_:E:-H __ should set out in detail the evidence of conspiracy or L A it Y. United States v. Guest, supra. J r 1 .1»-.-.1' I1.- to describe it with the same degree ct particularity .'Ji- 92. required in an indictment for the substantive offense, 'These appellants had full notice ot the proceedings .'_' -'- , 1». Creiich e. United Stctes, seprc. and Ctourt order in v'fiiiia1ni'o. 'rir'ité. They took an .t-'-i _¢ active part in protestingithe order. The Court order, .*,i.i.. -either is it necessary to aver any overt act. Any i including the plan of. march, was introduced in evi- .. averrnent rnust necessarily be referred to the dence and submitted to the jury. Appellants never at § ii am c.-.arge of conspiracy as describing or particularizing '. '.§*."'i'ii 5".- any time objected to or took exception to the torrn of i -if such charge, Smith v. United States, 8 Cir., 1907, 157 -'the indictment but stood on the proposition that it 2. iii. c.e1't.'-denied, 20a U. s. 618, 2s s. ct. sea. 52 1.. charged no offense under the laws oi the United . ; ,, 1it-.liI=E'&'i,'_iEd. G47 908!. See also, Montoya 0. United States, 8 v-_,|.- _States. The District Court correctly denied the mo- . .i_=»~-"11; Cir.. 1919. 262 F. 759. . tion to dismiss. l . g t 1.3-, i' -ii 'On'the other hand, an indictment [under former ' Appellants urge that reversible error was commit- 4., .L section 5l]_ which charged that defendants conspired IL. .-.f""}§-! ted in the denial of_ their motion for a bill of partic- to injure, etc., certain named persons, male citizens 9 t, .1 , ula-S L I "In I-ll nrklcl-1 Will ll flvsnu villi cnunlnf BU amen GHQ luau nnrnnu Banana 9' Q II! can; fhlflwan-- j _ fit of Kentucky over 21 years of age, "in the free exer- < 'Hf Zvvith whom they were charged to have conspired, de- Pl :92,92'<". - . .1 "I.".-, ;'.l_.. cise and enjoyment of a right and privilege secured . '5;-C. =1-_ yjmanded specification of the over: acts, if any, com; , : 1' "~ - 'to them", wassbsd as indefinite, in that it tailed to -mitted in furtherance of the alleged conspiracy, and - _ -_'._»;_-.state what plrticular right and privilege was meant, -..- -- r-92i.!L" Qdemanded the names oi the persons conspired - ~+ 1.:p though it-continued with a recital that the defendants .i.'.*=

- U - i . ..___!,_,_., r_ 92___.'___,__. , -0-'-bl -r Vr!._r-PF" ._ .. tr r4--'-lit _ -~e .___ .-?ng_rsa?n.-q-I-_ w .,,,,, P"¢-y--J92§3!|3_- antler»qr?-._.f.-q-,__92___~,_.._-;_,.5._, .-. _ __ ,. ... ,,;_j.__.._1F_.!_._,,,-_-J-_r__ .. . .- . | ';n'.|.,_ -1--.. /i. . . '. . . _.-'_; . ._~.... .. i. __._.;_._1 . .--...... i . _. 92_ . . -.:_-_ . - . . ..| J. .!.- .1 __'_ . 92 p ~ 92 _ - H . I_ ._9292__- - . - -. ,| ~f."_'_4,~i__;'i,__-_ "", '.. '3. -- _ ,.._- '.M_-_r.,_.. -92 1 .-I ,..~ V _--:21 .--<- _k:f92_ -7 1- » ',. a- . 52:, 1' 'Q. ,-._ -;,:_.;-.-_._:,~-Z -, 'l', I ht? . *1 1', 1-211;; 92:;qei-:l£.___-inn-92:i:"92""i"!.'H£':""" W "P "Z - "' " " ''~'--',|-'§.-._- an ,-|- _i '_ ' .-I '-in-. --'01: . , - is iaihas-.1 7-""1" "''~='~Ii'.-"-"r '. I -= q 5- '_',92-"'1- in-sf t "'.'; =";": - .-a .-i---~*=--v.-=.~~..-.- 5* "i WU ',; .-ti - 1'-._;92__"92?.--L2. =-'1, ~f;{; ',i', ,5» '- ""~-,.' ='I 1 , --|--|,.|-' 9,: , 1-ml 'i;=§=.i'<-1-:-.-.4.-1i.a..i |_ . ~-|,92 , ~-*=:.&=<-anoirél-at,921,_r ",'~ "I,-'-P.5.i' ;"i", ,1, *5? -4?; I . t r 1.3 pi 24'' Wilkins Jr ¢' silt us "5" Wilkins, Jr., et al. u. U. S. 25 92 < ~ I - *** - -~- in - i Government counsel verbally stipulated that there but this was competent to show intent, an indispens- IQ were no other known conspirators. As to the names of r ' able element of the offense and onewhich had to be those conspired against, the Government responded, proven by the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt. I ' 'i;._ R .;- :-, . "We contend*~that the defendants conspired to injure The appellants were not on trial for the shooting; I .Ii'-;.j_"".'.:.I;members of a class ot people: the people are those yet it hardly can be disputed that the acts of the ..:s. W mih - > H-< ""l V. persons that were engaged in the march from Selma parties were highly relevant as to the presence or ab- 1 to Montgomery, and those persons are identified; we - :'l"- ".4 sence of guilty intent. 4 _ i don't claim any individual person". There was no ef- 3 '2, -1 . Appellants next say thatthe evidence was insuf£i- 'r. t -. fort at the trial to prove the names of other con- I Sr cient to support the verdict. Leaving aside the omis- r -F ,__.a spirators; further, the proof was all directed to op- . I -, '7pressive action taken agairist marchers as such. Ob- sion of a motion for a directed verdict at the close of . all the evidence. as required by Rule 29, F. R. Cr. P., viously, the appellants themselves did not know and which operates as waiver of the benefit of the earlier could not have known in advance the names of those 3'.I"i'.i- motion, we have no hesitation in holding, as reected - "lcipatingin the march. They did not know the in- 1 , in our preceding discussion of the proof, that the evi- _ _ '.:tal names oi those whom they later encoun- dence was more than ample to sustain the conviction. -;.~I*tt~.,ii ' i " '-. ea in Montgomery or on the highway to Selma or J Appellants next complain of the admission of at '1#1 :..'. the return trip to Montgomery. The proof, as al- l least eight different categories of documentary,'pic- I !'_ ml] ready discussed, was sufficient to support a jury find- torial, and physical evidence, as well as testimony. 1' 1 ing that the appellants were conspiring against per- I A sons whom they believed to have participated in the These contentions have been carefully considered but 1 march. Apparently they cared not what their names _we can perceive no good service to be performed by . if, . " were. 'l'he prosecutor is not required to detail his unduly prolonging an already lengthy opinion in a I i»,=,' n Wfldence in response to a bill of particulars; it is only discussion of these points. Counsel are to be com- 1 92., -mended for the diligent manner in which they have 1"-_ necessary that defendants be advised of any essential raised these points but we perceive no basis for say- .|- - detail omitted from the indictment, 8 Moore, Federal t __ ,1; 1- i ing that any error was committed in this respect. As -l .1 _ J:-r Practice 7-2_8 965 ed.!. At the hearing on the motion ,t1'*_-1 - ,,to the search of the home of one of the appellants |. the defendants, in fact, learned all they could have . |. _ i.| '2" ;l.l obtained had the motion been granted. There was no- .there was no objection below, see Rule -ll !, F. R. -1, . _ error in this regard. A ;Cr. P. '< _ s 92 .,*-"- § It is next complained that the trial court should not I . The record reveals that much of the trial was cen- 0 have allowed the Government to close the arguments tered ontheshooting of the woman in the automobile, éto the jury and that he should not have charged, al- ": ' ..:_ ' I . .- l - I I I: _. ,, . _ _ I . I e

, _ _ |_ :*"",'"l,s#-lIv#;.:'r'*'.a'v1=-II'>~'-' --' --~~ --.-7 ~_ - . _ '-92J.l14O,;|-e:-IX-up-Q -. _a .9-_,,_ .-.- , ., | i .- , .-.4- "1' 1- 4 -.. ;l--:"'.~-~- -i .92 - J -4 '¢'-~.-.','.-,-~-- _ -_92 . ~ ' Hf »-:_- _-.-_i'.;l-_ ;¬_i 2;; .'.92_._~";__ I -.;-;_~_j-" _- I ,..|i ~..-_.1*» - , -s-. -. '-* " * »"|.1.t,_ .--.'~_-"i--92r - -.'.-P-ft 92.»__ I "Yarn . __l .-, ~ - - .--,.<.. ._ ___'__. '._..._-Hr _ ,__,__: V l k Z 1 .-_-_.92,__ , 1 .5,'~,-.~_~'.=.. _ _ ,i_-_ ..t_ .., .- t 1-_'-. _,- __ t 92_ .".-_92_ |_ . ..___ 92-.. _ -'H. 92'FI 9292I * a 1'-1" W mi» T :- . i.-, .. '-'waw ~I-l- | r " HI:it Y -iii I.-1 A ze,-mi 5 .. '.-.;'-H5!-__4{§'1£;_'=.¢g_;;r;f.T§§§:.§§i . §,5--!z.c~'92¬>§-'IP.!t-t-w ' n-u.-1-iavaetnadve-rune-r..».-111-r.;,,,t,. tit?-92I-'1?-*5H E 95;M _,~Q; ;~,,L-_» M M,-4: U, _ w-.q,,,,_; __ ' 1,h ~ ;.__,__,_,_'..,.,_, it 5'/ I ; -. ea » waumu, Jr.I etal. 11.U. s. _'ii L * __ ' _ , __ _,* though appellantsrequested that defendants "it, tail- ure totestify couldnot beconsidered determiningin their guiltor innocence.These contentionsare with- out merit. 'There'was no error in the originalcharge tothe jury. Infact, uponits completionand uponbeing given anopportunity state to anyobjections ex- or ceptions defensecounsel veryproperly statedthat they wereentlreiy satisedwith it. _ , t'lheoi author thisopinion hasheretofore statedhis individual viewsoi the Allen charge, given afterthe _'l.u'__vsome timehad been forconsidering verdict. its .30date, however, the decisionsare tothe contrary, -see fhuggardv. UnitedStates, 354F.2d 735,cert. denied, 383U. S. 958, 8 S. Ct.1222, L. Ed.2d mi.- - I ' '' eUP-» - ' The crucialissue in this casewas whether the acts _s11egedshown end haveto beencommitted consti- tuted e.viol.etion!_of18 U.S.C., £241. Being oi the -opinion thethat question must beanswered the in ai- ~.rmetl___ve,so answering and it, the judgment con- of viction rnust be . .9; _. - Y7 1:-"..'..- ~ -..' I:4 _|; pi" ,-- ;-5, >_.r I - AFFIRMED. 1--:5: '>~.~:.-*' . _..._'l'f",'.;,_1. . _ i-'_ 1 ,..., t ' I .,- ' ' dli~q '1 a , .- i 1 1* ' - -- ornéij 5."in Courts--1'1.s. upu>§r5:muu00., N.0.. Le. 1'. ._'92. -J. J . _ . ' H - I'.. 'r.1--i. K4 , . _,4___ii - .-.-_