Aas 15-567 a New Non-Nuclear Mkiv
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Cross-References ASTEROID IMPACT Definition and Introduction History of Impact Cratering Studies
18 ASTEROID IMPACT Tedesco, E. F., Noah, P. V., Noah, M., and Price, S. D., 2002. The identification and confirmation of impact structures on supplemental IRAS minor planet survey. The Astronomical Earth were developed: (a) crater morphology, (b) geo- 123 – Journal, , 1056 1085. physical anomalies, (c) evidence for shock metamor- Tholen, D. J., and Barucci, M. A., 1989. Asteroid taxonomy. In Binzel, R. P., Gehrels, T., and Matthews, M. S. (eds.), phism, and (d) the presence of meteorites or geochemical Asteroids II. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, pp. 298–315. evidence for traces of the meteoritic projectile – of which Yeomans, D., and Baalke, R., 2009. Near Earth Object Program. only (c) and (d) can provide confirming evidence. Remote Available from World Wide Web: http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ sensing, including morphological observations, as well programs. as geophysical studies, cannot provide confirming evi- dence – which requires the study of actual rock samples. Cross-references Impacts influenced the geological and biological evolu- tion of our own planet; the best known example is the link Albedo between the 200-km-diameter Chicxulub impact structure Asteroid Impact Asteroid Impact Mitigation in Mexico and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Under- Asteroid Impact Prediction standing impact structures, their formation processes, Torino Scale and their consequences should be of interest not only to Earth and planetary scientists, but also to society in general. ASTEROID IMPACT History of impact cratering studies In the geological sciences, it has only recently been recog- Christian Koeberl nized how important the process of impact cratering is on Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria a planetary scale. -
Winning the Salvo Competition Rebalancing America’S Air and Missile Defenses
WINNING THE SALVO COMPETITION REBALANCING AMERICA’S AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSES MARK GUNZINGER BRYAN CLARK WINNING THE SALVO COMPETITION REBALANCING AMERICA’S AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSES MARK GUNZINGER BRYAN CLARK 2016 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS (CSBA) The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s analysis focuses on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security, and its goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, security policy, and resource allocation. ©2016 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Gunzinger is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Mr. Gunzinger has served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Forces Transformation and Resources. A retired Air Force Colonel and Command Pilot, he joined the Office of the Secretary of Defense in 2004. Mark was appointed to the Senior Executive Service and served as Principal Director of the Department’s central staff for the 2005–2006 Quadrennial Defense Review. Following the QDR, he served as Director for Defense Transformation, Force Planning and Resources on the National Security Council staff. Mr. Gunzinger holds an M.S. in National Security Strategy from the National War College, a Master of Airpower Art and Science degree from the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, a Master of Public Administration from Central Michigan University, and a B.S. in chemistry from the United States Air Force Academy. -
Using a Nuclear Explosive Device for Planetary Defense Against an Incoming Asteroid
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2019 Exoatmospheric Plowshares: Using a Nuclear Explosive Device for Planetary Defense Against an Incoming Asteroid David A. Koplow Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/2197 https://ssrn.com/abstract=3229382 UCLA Journal of International Law & Foreign Affairs, Spring 2019, Issue 1, 76. This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Air and Space Law Commons, International Law Commons, Law and Philosophy Commons, and the National Security Law Commons EXOATMOSPHERIC PLOWSHARES: USING A NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE DEVICE FOR PLANETARY DEFENSE AGAINST AN INCOMING ASTEROID DavidA. Koplow* "They shall bear their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks" Isaiah 2:4 ABSTRACT What should be done if we suddenly discover a large asteroid on a collision course with Earth? The consequences of an impact could be enormous-scientists believe thatsuch a strike 60 million years ago led to the extinction of the dinosaurs, and something ofsimilar magnitude could happen again. Although no such extraterrestrialthreat now looms on the horizon, astronomers concede that they cannot detect all the potentially hazardous * Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. The author gratefully acknowledges the valuable comments from the following experts, colleagues and friends who reviewed prior drafts of this manuscript: Hope M. Babcock, Michael R. Cannon, Pierce Corden, Thomas Graham, Jr., Henry R. Hertzfeld, Edward M. -
Aviation Week & Space Technology
STARTS AFTER PAGE 34 Using AI To Boost How Emirates Is Extending ATM Efficiency Maintenance Intervals ™ $14.95 JANUARY 13-26, 2020 2020 THE YEAR OF SUSTAINABILITY RICH MEDIA EXCLUSIVE Digital Edition Copyright Notice The content contained in this digital edition (“Digital Material”), as well as its selection and arrangement, is owned by Informa. and its affiliated companies, licensors, and suppliers, and is protected by their respective copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights. Upon payment of the subscription price, if applicable, you are hereby authorized to view, download, copy, and print Digital Material solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided that by doing any of the foregoing, you acknowledge that (i) you do not and will not acquire any ownership rights of any kind in the Digital Material or any portion thereof, (ii) you must preserve all copyright and other proprietary notices included in any downloaded Digital Material, and (iii) you must comply in all respects with the use restrictions set forth below and in the Informa Privacy Policy and the Informa Terms of Use (the “Use Restrictions”), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Any use not in accordance with, and any failure to comply fully with, the Use Restrictions is expressly prohibited by law, and may result in severe civil and criminal penalties. Violators will be prosecuted to the maximum possible extent. You may not modify, publish, license, transmit (including by way of email, facsimile or other electronic means), transfer, sell, reproduce (including by copying or posting on any network computer), create derivative works from, display, store, or in any way exploit, broadcast, disseminate or distribute, in any format or media of any kind, any of the Digital Material, in whole or in part, without the express prior written consent of Informa. -
Part I: Introduction
Part I: Introduction “Perhaps the sentiments contained in the following pages are not yet sufficiently fashionable to procure them general favor; a long habit of not thinking a thing wrong gives it a superficial appearance of being right, and raises at first a formidable outcry in defense of custom. But the tumult soon subsides. Time makes more converts than reason.” -Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776) “For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst and provide for it.” -Patrick Henry (1776) “I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen -- but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead.” -William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator (1831) “Gas is running low . .” -Amelia Earhart (July 2, 1937) 1 2 Dear Reader, Civilization as we know it is coming to an end soon. This is not the wacky proclamation of a doomsday cult, apocalypse bible prophecy sect, or conspiracy theory society. -
Space Weapons Earth Wars
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. The monograph/report was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1993 to 2003. RAND monograph/reports presented major research findings that addressed the challenges facing the public and private sectors. They included executive summaries, technical documentation, and synthesis pieces. SpaceSpace WeaponsWeapons EarthEarth WarsWars Bob Preston | Dana J. Johnson | Sean J.A. Edwards Michael Miller | Calvin Shipbaugh Project AIR FORCE R Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. -
On the Rotation Rates and Axis Ratios of the Smallest Known Near-Earth
On the rotation rates and axis ratios of the smallest known near-Earth asteroids—the archetypes of the Asteroid Redirect Mission targets Patrick Hatcha, Paul A. Wiegerta,b,∗ aDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 3K7 CANADA bCentre for Planetary Science and Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 3K7 CANADA Abstract NASA’s Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) has been proposed with the aim to capture a small asteroid a few meters in size and redirect it into an orbit around the Moon. There it can be investigated at leisure by astronauts aboard an Orion or other spacecraft. The target for the mission has not yet been selected, and there are very few potential targets currently known. Though sufficiently small near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) are thought to be numerous, they are also difficult to detect and characterize with current observational facilities. Here we collect the most up-to-date information on near-Earth asteroids in this size range to outline the state of understanding of the properties of these small NEAs. Observational biases certainly mean that our sample is not an ideal representation of the true population of small NEAs. However our sample is representative of the eventual target list for the ARM mission, which will be compiled under very similar observational constraints unless dramatic changes are made to the way near-Earth asteroids are searched for and studied. We collect here information on 88 near-Earth asteroids with diameters less than 60 meters and with high quality light curves. We find that the typical rotation period is 40 minutes. -
The Orbital Evolution of Asteroid 367943 Duende (2012 Da14) Under Yarkovsky Effect Influence and Its Implications for Collision with the Earth
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Special Issue on AASEC’2016, October (2017) 42 - 52 © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University THE ORBITAL EVOLUTION OF ASTEROID 367943 DUENDE (2012 DA14) UNDER YARKOVSKY EFFECT INFLUENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR COLLISION WITH THE EARTH JUDHISTIRA ARIA UTAMA1,2,*, TAUFIQ HIDAYAT3, UMAR FAUZI4 1Astronomy Post Graduate Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2Physics Education Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia 3Astronomy Research Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 4Geophysics & Complex System Research Division, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract Asteroid 367943 Duende (2012 DA14) holds the record as the one of Aten subpopulation with H 24 that had experienced deep close encounter event to the Earth (0.09x Earth-Moon distance) as informed in NASA website. In this work, we studied the orbital evolution of 120 asteroid clones and the nominal up to 5 Megayears (Myr) in the future using Swift integrator package with and without the Yarkovsky effect inclusion. At the end of orbital integration with both integrators, we found as many as 17 asteroid clones end their lives as Earth impactor. The prediction of maximum semimajor axis drift for this subkilometer-sized asteroid from diurnal and seasonal variants of Yarkovsky effect was 9.0×10-3 AU/Myr and 2.6×10-4 AU/Myr, respectively. By using the MOID (Minimum Orbital Intersection Distance) data set calculated from our integrators of entire clones and nominal asteroids, we obtained the value of impact rate with the Earth of 2.35×10-7 per year (with Yarkovsky effect) and 2.37×10-7 per year (without Yarkovsky effect), which corresponds to a mean lifetime of 4.25 Myr and 4.22 Myr, respectively. -
M/OD Hypervelocity Impacts and Protection Research in CAST
2010 Beijing Orbital Debris Mitigation Workshop 18-19 October, 2010, Beihang University M/OD Hypervelocity Impacts and Protection Research in CAST Zizheng Gong PhD, Professor Leading Scientist of hypervelocity impact research Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology(CAST), China China Academy of Space Technology(CAST) • Founded in February 20, 1968 ; • The first president: Chien Hsuch-Sen; • The largest space technology research center in China • The largest Spacecraft development, production base in China. • April 24, 1970 : Chinese first artificial Earth satellite – DFH-1; • October 2003: manned spacecraft – Shenzhou-5; • October 24, 2007: Chinese first lunar detector – Chang'E-1 ; • September 25, 2008: the first Extravehicular activity – Shenzhou-7. • October 1,2010,the second lunar detector Chang'E-2 • Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering • The Spacecraft Environment Engineering department of CAST. Outline §1 Space Debris Environment and Its Risks §2 Space Debris Modeling §3 Orbital Debris impact Risk Assessment in CAST §4 HVI Testing and M/OD Protection in CAST §5 Orbital Debris Mitigation in CAST 2010 Beijing Orbital Debris Mitigation Workshop 18-19 October, 2010, Beihang University § 1 Space Debris Environment and Its Risks Orbital debris : Humankind digs his own grave ! Space debris are all man made objects including fragments and elements thereof, in Earth orbit or re-entering the atmosphere, that are non functional. Obtial debris is the only man-made Space environment. The past 50 years of space exploration has unfortunately generated a lot of junk that threatens the reliability of spacecraft. The Space Debris Environment in 2010 More than 5000 satellite launches since 1957 till the end of October 2010; 245 on-orbit break-ups led to 12,500 objects in the US Space Surveillance catalog; catalog size threshold 10cm; mass on orbit 6,000 tons; catalog orbit distributions: - low Earth orbits 73%; - near-geostationary orbits 8%; - highly eccentric orbits 10%; - other orbits (incl. -
1950 Da, 205, 269 1979 Va, 230 1991 Ry16, 183 1992 Kd, 61 1992
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09684-4 — Asteroids Thomas H. Burbine Index More Information 356 Index 1950 DA, 205, 269 single scattering, 142, 143, 144, 145 1979 VA, 230 visual Bond, 7 1991 RY16, 183 visual geometric, 7, 27, 28, 163, 185, 189, 190, 1992 KD, 61 191, 192, 192, 253 1992 QB1, 233, 234 Alexandra, 59 1993 FW, 234 altitude, 49 1994 JR1, 239, 275 Alvarez, Luis, 258 1999 JU3, 61 Alvarez, Walter, 258 1999 RL95, 183 amino acid, 81 1999 RQ36, 61 ammonia, 223, 301 2000 DP107, 274, 304 amoeboid olivine aggregate, 83 2000 GD65, 205 Amor, 251 2001 QR322, 232 Amor group, 251 2003 EH1, 107 Anacostia, 179 2007 PA8, 207 Anand, Viswanathan, 62 2008 TC3, 264, 265 Angelina, 175 2010 JL88, 205 angrite, 87, 101, 110, 126, 168 2010 TK7, 231 Annefrank, 274, 275, 289 2011 QF99, 232 Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET), 71 2012 DA14, 108 Antarctica, 69–71 2012 VP113, 233, 244 aphelion, 30, 251 2013 TX68, 64 APL, 275, 292 2014 AA, 264, 265 Apohele group, 251 2014 RC, 205 Apollo, 179, 180, 251 Apollo group, 230, 251 absorption band, 135–6, 137–40, 145–50, Apollo mission, 129, 262, 299 163, 184 Apophis, 20, 269, 270 acapulcoite/ lodranite, 87, 90, 103, 110, 168, 285 Aquitania, 179 Achilles, 232 Arecibo Observatory, 206 achondrite, 84, 86, 116, 187 Aristarchus, 29 primitive, 84, 86, 103–4, 287 Asporina, 177 Adamcarolla, 62 asteroid chronology function, 262 Adeona family, 198 Asteroid Zoo, 54 Aeternitas, 177 Astraea, 53 Agnia family, 170, 198 Astronautica, 61 AKARI satellite, 192 Aten, 251 alabandite, 76, 101 Aten group, 251 Alauda family, 198 Atira, 251 albedo, 7, 21, 27, 185–6 Atira group, 251 Bond, 7, 8, 9, 28, 189 atmosphere, 1, 3, 8, 43, 66, 68, 265 geometric, 7 A- type, 163, 165, 167, 169, 170, 177–8, 192 356 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09684-4 — Asteroids Thomas H. -
Hered in These Proceedings with the Aim to Keep Track of These Very Interesting Days
Proceedings of GAIA-FUN-SSO 2014 Third “Gaia Follow-up Network for Solar System Objects” Workshop held at IMCCE/Paris Observatory 2014, November 24 – 26 Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides Observatoire de Paris Legal Deposite – June 2015 ISBN 2-910015-73-4 Foreword The observation of Solar System Objects (SSO) by the Gaia space astrometry mission will be constrained by a scanning law. Much detection of interesting objects may occur with no possibility of further observations by the probe. These objects will then require complementary ground-based observations. Among them, previously unknown Near- Earth Objects, fast moving towards the Earth or going away from it could be found. Several objects discovered by Gaia could also be Inner-Earth Objects, as the probe will observe at rather low Solar elongations. In order to confirm from the ground the discoveries made in space and to follow interesting targets, a dedicated network is organized, the Gaia Follow-Up Network. This task is performed in the frame of the Coordination Unit 4 of the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC), devoted to data processing of specific objects. The goal of the network is to improve the knowledge of the orbit of poorly observed targets by astrometric observations on alert. This activity is coordinated by a central node interacting with the Gaia data reduction pipeline all along the mission. In 2010 and 2012, we had organized the first two workshops in order to initiate the network and to meet the participants. In 2014, almost one year after the launch of Gaia, we organize the third Gaia-FUN-SSO workshop in Paris in order to discuss further the coordination of the network of observing stations, to discuss the prelaunch training observations which have been performed and to prepare the network for the operating phase of the alert mode which must begin in 2015. -
Astrometry and Spectra Classification of Near Earth Asteroids with Lijiang
Astronomy and Astrophysics in the Gaia sky Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 330, 2017 A. Recio-Blanco, P. de Laverny, A.G.A. Brown c International Astronomical Union 2018 & T. Prusti, eds. doi:10.1017/S174392131700624X Astrometry and Spectra Classification of Near Earth Asteroids with Lijiang 2.4m Telescope† X. L. Zhang1,2,B.Yang1,2, and J. M. Bai1,2 1 Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China email: [email protected] 2 Key Laboratory of the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China Abstract. The Lijiang 2.4m telescope of Yunnan Observatories is located at longitude E100◦0151, latitude N26◦4232 and height 3250m above sea level (IAU code O44). Because of low latitude of the site, long-focus system and planetary tracking mode of telescope, high accuracy posi- tioning and spectral classification of the near Earth objects (NEAs) especially in the Southern Hemisphere can be studied with the Lijiang 2.4m telescope. As a set of observational campaigns organized by the GAIA-FUN-SSO, astrometry of several near Earth asteroids including (367943) Duende and (99942) Apophis were made with Lijiang 2.4m telescope during 2013. From Decem- ber 12, 2015, spectra of three near earth asteroids were also observed with the YFOSC terminal attached to the Lijiang 2.4m telescope. This paper will give the detailed introduction of Lijiaing 2.4m telescope and observational results of near Earth asteroids obtained with it. Keywords. methods: observational, techniques: astrometry, spectrum classification. 1. Introduction Knowledge of asteroids and comets, the relic of planet building blocks, directly sheds light on the formation of terrestrial planets, and the origin and evolution of the Solar System.