SAIC Tsunami Buoy (STB) and Easy-To-Deploy (ETD) DART® Systems

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SAIC Tsunami Buoy (STB) and Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) DART® Systems

Robert Lawson Director, SAIC International Tsunami Buoy Program 26 December 2004 Mega Tsunami

The Aftermath of the Sumatra Tsunami

• Demonstrated global lack of adequate tsunami warning systems

• IOC establishes the IOTWS

• Increasing emphasis in the PTWS

• NOAA upgrades DART I systems to DART II - begins deployment of 39 systems

• DART II system considered the “Gold Standard”

• International interest in DART Technology based systems increases

• SAIC develops STB system and is licensed by PMEL (2006-2007)

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DART® and the DART® logo are registered trademarks of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, used with permission. © Science Applications International Corporation. All rights reserved. SAIC and the SAIC logo are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. SPRN 11-SAIC-0819-321 SAIC Tsunami Buoy (STB)

The SAIC Tsunami Buoy (STB) is an enhanced version of the NOAA Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART®) system.

– Meets DART® operational and performance standards

– Dual direction and redundant communication

– Compatible with established DART® design

– Integrates easily into global tsunami warning network

– Follows DART® test and evaluation procedures

– SAIC is licensed by NOAA

Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure

Processing and Analysis Surface Buoy Component • Data processing • SATCOM • Crisis assessment tools (GIS) • Acoustic modems • Data management and analysis • On-board processing • Batteries

Mooring Component Bottom Pressure Recorder • Swivel and shackles • Paroscientific pressure sensor • Nilspin and nylon line • On-board processing • Chain • Acoustic modem • Anchors • Batteries

GPS = Global Positioning System SATCOM = satellite communications GIS = Geographic Information System Iridium is a registered trademark of Iridium Satellite LLC in the United States and/or other countries.

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Mandatory Characteristic Specification SAIC Tsunami Buoy (STB) Measurement sensitivity Less than 1 millimeter in 6,000 meters meets or exceeds Sampling interval, internal record 15 seconds DART specifications Sampling interval, event reports 15 and 60 seconds

Sampling interval, tidal reports 15 minutes

Two-way end-to-end On demand, tsunami warning center trigger communications (two channels)

Tsunami data report trigger Automatically by tsunami detection algorithm

Data flow, BPR to TWC Less than three minutes after triggered event

Desired Characteristic Specification

Reliability and data return ratio Greater than 80 percent (STB 97 percent)

Maximum/minimum deployment 6,000 meters/1,500 meters depth

Maximum deployment conditions Sea State 4

Theoretical battery life, buoy Greater than two years

Theoretical battery life, tsunameter Greater than four years BPR = bottom pressure recorder Maximum status report interval Less than 6 hours

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• 2600 square meter facility • Assembly and integration • Quality assurance area • Shipping and receiving • R&D machine shop • Electronics and mechanical engineering lab • 3-D modeling • Production readiness • ISO-9001:2008 Registered Facility

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• Over 12 months of continuous at-sea operations and testing California • SAIC Tsunami Buoy (STB) met or USA exceeded all DART® performance Santa standards San Catalina – Data transmission achieved – Nicolas San 97 percent (first try) Clemente San – Bi-directional communications Diego – Back-channel commands DART 46412 – Outstanding data correlation with DART Station 46412 STB 46482 – Correct response to tidal forcing • Detected Kuril Islands tsunami 15 November 2006

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46482

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Tsunamigenic event – 46412 46482 15 November 2006 • SAIC Tsunami Buoy (STB) 20:08 GMT - Onset of Tsunami Forcing detected small amplitude Superimposed on Tide tsunami waves on 15-16 November 2006 • STB showed excellent STB correlation with data collected

by DART (Station 46412) ® • STB behaved and responded Tsunami passes DART first then travels 28 nautical miles south and arrives at the DART exactly as designed during an STB approximately 4.5 minutes later actual tsunami event • Under actual tsunami conditions, STB demonstrated it

matches the operational GMT = Greenwich Mean Time capabilities of NOAA’s DART

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NOAA Report: “SAIC's Tsunami Buoy (STB) was located off the coast of California and operated in very close proximity to one of our operational Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis( DART®) II station for over 13 months. During that period, NOAA internally evaluated the STB system and found it to be technically compatible and exchangeable with a NOAA DART II system. NOAA's internal review of the STB determined that it meets or exceeds the technical performance specifications of a NOAA DART II system.” Director NDBC NDBC = National Data Buoy Center 23 January 2008

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Tsunami Buoy Production •Meets DART® operational and performance standards •Follows DART® test and evaluation procedures •SAIC is licensed by NOAA

23 Systems Built as of February 2013 – 3 Systems in Production Customers include: Australia Chile China India

Japan Russia Thailand

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STB or ETD DART Systems NOAA DART II Systems • 16 STB and ETD DART Systems Deployed Chile DART II Repaired by SAIC ETD BPR deployed at North Pole Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure

• Generated by a Magnitude 9.0 earthquake at 05:46 UTC, 130 km (80 miles) E of Sendai, Honshu, Japan

• First wave arrived at NOAA DART® Buoy 21418 in approximately 25 min 21401

Arrived at Russian Federation STB Buoy 21401 in approximately 56 minutes (800 km)

STB data used with DART® data to provide accurate forecast results using MOST Model

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Transition of the ETD DART from Research to Operations

• Agreement signed between Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) and SAIC

• SAIC produced first commercial ETD DART for international and domestic requirements

• ETD DART 1 deployed in the Coral Sea in August 2010

• ETD DART 2 deployed in the Tasman Sea in April 2011

• ETD DART 3 deployed south of Bali on 12 February 2012

• ETD DART 4 Deployed in Kuril Islands in16 SEP 2012 Energy | Environment | National Security | Health | Critical Infrastructure DART® and the DART® logo are registered trademarks of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, used with permission. © Science Applications International Corporation. All rights reserved. SAIC and the SAIC logo are registered trademarks of Science Applications International Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. . SPRN 11-SAIC-0819-321 Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) DART® Anatomy

Common core components – different packaging •Surface Buoy Subsystem – Communications, electronic payload, batteries – Low profile reinforced fiberglass over foam hull – All internal instrumentation to reduce vandalism

•Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR) Subsystem – Integrated into single high pressure vessel (PV) – Mid-frequency omni-directional acoustic transducer

•Mooring Subsystem – Self deploying anchor and reel – Slack-mooring versus taut-mooring for STB – Deployment off small platform by crew with little equipment or experience

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Mandatory Characteristic Specification Measurement sensitivity 1 millimeter in 5,000 meters Sampling interval, internal record 15 seconds Sampling interval, event reports 15 and 60 seconds Sampling interval, tidal reports 15 minutes Two-way end-to-end communications On demand, tsunami warning center trigger (two channels) Tsunami data report trigger Automatically by tsunami detection algorithm Data flow, BPR to TWC Less than three minutes after triggered event Desired Characteristic Specification Reliability and data return ratio Greater than 80 percent Maximum/minimum deployment depth 5,100 meters/1,500 meters Maximum surface/subsurface currents Less than 1.5 knots (80 cm/sec) BPR = bottom pressure recorder Deployment conditions Sea State 5 TWC = Tsunami Warning Center Nominal system weight 2.5 tons Deployment vessel Greater than 60 feet LOA Theoretical battery life, buoy Greater than two years Theoretical battery life, tsunameter Greater than four years Maximum status report interval Less than 6 hours Maintenance cycle, buoy Greater than two years; rotation Maintenance cycle, BPR/Anchor Greater than 4 years, total replacement subsystem

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• Deploy from small fast ship, tug, or fishing boat • Rapid deployment • Gravity induced launch • Little deck equipment necessary 5 • Safer deck operations in heavier seas • Sensitive to oceanographic conditions (currents and depth) • Recover surface buoy • Anchor / BPR fire and forget

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