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CMEMS Requirements for the Evolution of the Copernicus in Situ Component 1.1.1.1.1 CMEMS requirements for the evolution of the Copernicus In Situ Component Mercator Ocean, EUROGOOS, and CMEMS partners Version 1 - December 2018 CMEMS REQUIREMENTS FOR IN SITU OBSERVATIONS 1 1 Table of content 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3 2 The role of In-Situ observations and its organization in CMEMS....................................... 4 3 CMEMS requirements for the evolution of the Copernicus In Situ Component ............... 7 3.1 Global Ocean ................................................................................................................ 8 3.2 Arctic Basin ................................................................................................................. 10 3.3 Baltic Basin ................................................................................................................. 11 3.4 Iberia-Biscay-Ireland Basin ......................................................................................... 11 3.5 Black Sea Basin ........................................................................................................... 12 3.6 Mediterranean Basin .................................................................................................. 13 3.7 North West Shelf Basin .............................................................................................. 13 3.8 Requirements for the calibration/validation of satellite data products .................... 14 4 Summary Synthesis .......................................................................................................... 16 5 References ........................................................................................................................ 17 6 Annex 1 ............................................................................................................................. 18 6.1 Global MFC ................................................................................................................. 18 6.2 Arctic MFC .................................................................................................................. 21 6.3 Baltic Sea MFC ............................................................................................................ 27 6.4 Iberia-Biscay-Ireland MFC .......................................................................................... 30 6.5 Black Sea-MFC ............................................................................................................ 33 6.6 Mediterranean MFC ................................................................................................... 39 6.7 North West Shelf MFC ................................................................................................ 45 6.8 Sea Level-TAC ............................................................................................................. 48 6.9 Ocean Color-TAC ........................................................................................................ 50 6.10 Sea Surface Temperature TAC ................................................................................... 54 6.11 Sea Ice TAC. ................................................................................................................ 57 6.12 Multi OBservations TAC ............................................................................................. 58 6.13 Wave TAC ................................................................................................................... 63 6.14 Euro-Argo (Euro-Argo ERIC) ....................................................................................... 65 6.15 EUROGOOS HF Radar Task Team ............................................................................... 69 6.16 EUROGOOS Ferry Box Task Team .............................................................................. 71 6.17 EUROGOOS Tide Gauges Task Team. ......................................................................... 73 CMEMS REQUIREMENTS FOR IN SITU OBSERVATIONS 2 2 6.18 EUROGOOS Glider Task Team. ................................................................................... 75 6.19 BOOS .......................................................................................................................... 80 6.20 IBI ROOS ..................................................................................................................... 85 6.21 NOOS .......................................................................................................................... 87 6.22 MONGOOS ................................................................................................................. 90 6.23 Arctic ROOS ................................................................................................................ 94 CMEMS REQUIREMENTS FOR IN SITU OBSERVATIONS 3 3 1 INTRODUCTION The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic information on the state of the physical ocean at global and regional level. There are four main areas of benefits covered by the service: maritime safety, coastal and marine environment, marine resources, and weather seasonal forecasting and climate activities. CMEMS is based on a production structure covering two layers: Processing of space and in-situ observations and delivery of derived products: this is achieved through Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) organized according to consistent parameters – or sets of parameters. CMEMS include eight TACs mainly handling space observations (Sea Level, Ocean Colour, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Ice, Winds, Waves, and Multi-Observation Integration), and one TAC dedicated to In- Situ observations. Processing of models, for forecasts, hind-cast and reanalyses, fed by products derived from space and in-situ observations (to be provided by the TACs): these tasks are achieved by Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs), structured according to regional domains (6 European regional seas) and global ocean. The service provides, to several thousands of users, pioneering solutions, operational and scientifically assessed, to monitor the global ocean with a focus on the European seas. In agreement with the Delegated Regulation on Copernicus data and information policy, the products delivered by CMEMS are open and free of charge, and compliant with European regulations, such as INSPIRE. The products are accessible through a European one-stop-shop, the CMEMS web-portal, which includes a structured information catalogue monitored to ensure that it complies with its operational obligations to users. Earth observation data from In-situ components provide crucial and unique global ocean information along the water column. The provision of these data, used by CMEMS to derive more elaborated products, strongly depends on the proper specification of requirements, which have to be updated regularly to ensure the evolution of the service in response to user needs. CMEMS REQUIREMENTS FOR IN SITU OBSERVATIONS 4 4 2 THE ROLE OF IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS AND ITS ORGANIZATION IN CMEMS In-situ data are of paramount importance for CMEMS as they can provide information of the ocean interior which cannot be observed from space. Delivery of CMEMS products strongly relies on timely provision of in-situ observations; global to regional scale observations are required by MFCs for model testing and calibration, and for assimilation and validation in operational phase. In addition in-situ observations are used by CMEMS TACs to elaborate and validate high level data products. Figure 1: CMEMS marine sea-borne infrastructure. CMEMS REQUIREMENTS FOR IN SITU OBSERVATIONS 5 5 Operational oceanography relies on the observation of a well-defined number of variables (Essential Ocean Variables or EOVs) which have to be provided in a timely and sustained manner with appropriate sampling. CMEMS has set up a dedicated unit the “INS-TAC”, focused on collecting in-situ data from data providers (national and international networks), carrying out quality control in a homogeneous manner, and distributing them in near real time. Today the INS-TAC is one of the major aggregators of in-situ observation at global level, with a structure developed in coherence with other components of the pan European data management landscape such as SeaDataNet and EMODnet (see Figure 1). The INS- TAC is not only directly gathering observations but collaborates closely with the institutes operating the networks both at global scale (Argo, OceanSITES, DBCP, EGO, etc.) and at European scale through the EuroGOOS Regional Ocean Observing Systems (Arctic ROOS, BOOS, NOOS, IBI- ROOS, MOONGOOS and Black Sea GOOS). The main types of In-Situ observing systems aggregated by INS-TAC include all the platforms identified in the initial Strategic Development Plan [1], and many others, made available over the years, as soon as their quality was deemed appropriate to meet service requirements; they comprise: Drifting Argo Floats for the measurement of temperature and salinity profiles to ~2000m and, by tracking them, mean subsurface currents. In addition the latest model BGC-Argo allows measurements of biogeochemical properties of the oceans. Research vessels which deliver complete suites of multidisciplinary parameters from the surface to the ocean floor, but with very sparse and intermittent spatial coverage and at very high cost of operations. XBTs by research
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