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Journalism As an Act of Conscience JOURNALISM AS AN ACT OF CONSCIENCE JOURNALISM AS AN ACT OF CONSCIENCE A Collection of Articles by Winners and Finalists of the Andrei Sakharov Award, Journalism as an Act of Conscience 2001-2005 __________________ Translated by Efrem Yankelevich Edited by Rebecca Kalisher With a Foreword by Aidan White Kostroma Publishers Kostroma 2007 JOURNALISM AS AN ACT OF CONSCIENCE. A Collection of Articles by Winners and Finalists of the Andrei Sakharov Award, Journalism as an Act of Conscience, 2001-2005. Complied by Alexei Pankin and Boris Timoshenko. Translated by Efrem Yankelevich. With a foreword by Aidan White. Edited by Rebecca Kalisher. Published by Kostroma. Annual competition for the Andrei Sakharov Award, Journalism as an Act of Conscience, began in 2001. The award is presented to Russian journalists for publications that extend the life views of its authors, embodying them consistently at a high professional level and defending the values that Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov championed. Among winners of the competition are many provincial journalists, authors of interesting articles whose works are unknown to the public at large. Publication of this book makes it possible to present a panorama of contemporary Russian journalists, to reflect events that are occurring in the country and to disseminate material beyond the region in which winners of the competitions work. The book comprises articles by twenty authors – laureates, nominees, and finalists of compe- titions. The authors are from the republics of Bashkortostan, Tuva, Khakasia and Chechnya; Krasnoyarsk Krai; the Perm, Novosibirsk and Kamchatka oblasts; St. Petersburg, and Moscow. The articles are devoted to pressing problems of the day: relations between ethnic groups; the authorities’ impingement on individual rights; corruption and graft within the courts; problems of the Russian army; the rights of citizens and, in particular, the rights of journalists to express their opinions in the media; professional ethics of journalists. © 2007 by the Jury of the Andrei Sakharov Award, Journalism as an Act of Conscience © 2007 by Efrem Yankelevich, translator © 2007 by Aidan White, Foreword © 2007 by Pyotr Polonitsksy, Cover photo © 2007 by Kostroma, publishers This publication has been made possible through the organizational efforts of the Glasnost Defense Foundation and generous contributions from VinLund, a Moscow-based transportation company, and Free Voice, a Dutch foundation that supports independent media. Andrei Sakharov Award Journalism as an Act of Conscience The Andrei Sakharov Award, Journalism as an Act of Conscience, is pre- sented to Russian journalists for material that – from the vantage point of human rights and democratic values – convincingly, honestly, and soundly poses and analyses problems of consequence for society. To be eligible, material must be published during the term of the competition in Russian newspapers, magazines, journals, almanacs, or Internet-publications registered as mass media. The jury for the competition, by means of voting, chooses five nominees for the award. The nominee with the greatest number of votes from members of the jury is the winner. Announcement of the laureate, nominees, and finalists is made at the annual awards ceremony. Laureates are not eligible to receive the award a second time. Awards may be granted posthumously. Nomination of candidates for the Andrei Sakharov Award may come from the edi- torial staff of newspapers and magazine and from citizens of Russia. Along with presenting the material, it is essential to append an introduction of the nominee, his or her address, and telephone. The jury reserves the right to request additional information about the candidate. The jury will accept no more than seven (7) publications by one author for a single competition. In the annotation to the material, the nominating party must explain why this particular publication is an act of conscience. The deadline for submission of material is November 1, inclusively. Material may be submitted in print or electronic form (diskette, compact disc, electronic mail to [email protected]). An electronic version is obligatory. Print versions of material are accepted at the following address: Glasnost Defense Foundation, Zubovsky Bulvar 4, office 432, Moscow, Russia 119902. The envelop must be marked: An- drei Sakharov Award, Journalism as an Act of Conscience. The award is presented annually on Human Rights Day, December 10. The following individuals took part in juries during 2001-2005: Alexey Simonov – chairman of the jury; president, Glasnost Defense Foundation Peter Vins – founder of the Andrei Sakharov Award Dmitry Furman – Ph.D. history; political analyst; Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences Inna Rudenko – columnist, Komsomolskaya Pravda Otto Latsis (deceased) – publicist; winner of the Golden Pen award from the Russian Union of Journalists Yuri Samodurov – director, the Andrei Sakharov Museum and Community Center Alexei Pankin – independent journalist Irina Polnikova – columnist, Molodoi Dalnevostochnik, Khabarovsk Elvira Goryukhina – journalist; 2001 laureate, Andrei Sakharov Award, Novosibirsk Anna Politkovskaya (killed murdered) – journalist; 2002 laureate, Andrei Sakharov Award Artashes Shirikyan – publisher, Cigar Clan Magazine Pilar Bonet – correspondent, newspaper El Pais Mikhail Afanasyev – editor in chief, Internet publication Novy Fokus; 2004 laureate, Andrei Sakharov Award, Abakan Executive Secretary – Boris Timoshenko, Glasnost Defense Foundation Laureates of the competition are entitled to become members of the jury. Awards Laureate - $5,000 Four nominees - $500 Certificates are also issued to the editors, who publish the winners’ material. Additional information about the Andrei Sakharov Award, Journalism as an Act of Con- science, may be found at: www.gdf.ru. Contents Foreword. xi Translator’s Preface. xii WAR AND PEACE IN THE CAUCASUS Galina Kovalskaya (Moscow) Der Sturm und Foolishness. 3 Anna Politkovskaya (Moscow) The Budanov Case. 7 Anna Politkovskaya (Moscow) The GRU Case That Could Not Be Hushed Up. 16 Maynat Abdulaeva (Grozny) Grozny Makes You Want to Stay Forever. 28 Natalya Chernova (Moscow) A Visit to the Capital. 31 Mark Rozovsky (Moscow) A Disastrous Victory. 47 Andrei Kolesnikov (Moscow) Life After Death. 62 Andrei Kolesnikov (Moscow) Cemetery №1. 74 Igor Naidenov (Moscow) Beslan Syndrome . 80 Elvira Goryukhina (Novosibirsk) A Teacher’s Travels in the Caucasus. 99 POST-SOVIET MILITARY THREATS Galina Kovalskaya (Moscow) The Roundup. 137 Sayana Mongush (Kyzyl, Tuva) Don’t Send Your Sons to the Army. 142 Aleksandr Golts (Moscow) The Autumn Draft. 147 Igor Kravchuk (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky) The Fewer Ships, the More Admirals 150 Igor Kravchuk The Worse It Gets, the More Secret It Becomes. 154 Igor Kravchuk Glory to the Sailors! Shame on the Navy?. 156 Alexei Klochikhin, Olga Todoshchenko (Perm) The Missiles Are Returning. 163 ON THE ROAD TO DEMOCRACY Victor Guschin (Moscow) We Are Not Idiots – The Idiots Are Not Us. 171 Konstantin Katanyan (Moscow) The Silence of the Press Sharks. 176 Mikhail Afanasyev (Abakan) Disneyland in the Khakasia Princedom. 178 Mikhail Afanasyev (Abakan) A Friend of Nature . 182 Veronika Shakhova (Blagoveschensk) Aggression Breeds Aggression. 187 Zoya Svetova (Moscow) Jury Duty is Rotten Duty. 195 Ekaterina Kolesova (St. Petersburg) The Expired Iodine Tincture. 204 TRANSITIONING TO A MARKET ECONOMY Nadezhda Popova (Moscow) Vekselberg’s Nine Eggs. 215 Vladimir Nesyaev (Shushensky District) A Tractor’s Arrest in the Field . 221 Vladimir Nesyaev (Shushensky District) The Toy Trucks. 223 x FOREWORD Making News for Democracy For democracy to survive and prosper we need vigilance, political belief and lashings of committed journalism. Ideally, we need the sort of reporting found in this collection of articles by some of Russia’s most talented independent journalists. This book pays tribute to the values of press freedom in a society that struggles to emerge from decades of hardship and political turmoil. In particular, it honours the memory of Anna Politkovskaya, the campaigning journalist and human rights activist, whose brutal murder in October 2006 shocked media people everywhere. Journalism at its best is animated, readable and stirring. It challenges old guards and nourishes the yearning of people for reliable information, presented in a way that will tickle the imagination. But journalism can only inspire public confidence when it is actively engaged in the business of exposing corrupt and tyrannical government. Given the dangerous times in which we live, both in Russia and around the world, that is no easy assignment. In 2006 more journalists were killed in the exercise of their profession than ever before. Many of them died, like Anna Politkovskaya, because they refused to submit to self- censorship and political intimidation. Anna’s death led to an outpouring of anger from within journalism worldwide. Across the globe media people, abandoning the notorious divisions within their profession, joined together to challenge impunity in the killing of reporters and media staff. As this book was prepared journalists’ leaders from more than 100 countries were pre- paring to come to Moscow for the World Congress of the International Federation of Journalists in May 2006, for a show of solidarity against impunity both in Russia and in a dozen dangerous global hot-spots. xi Together journalists and media leaders are saying enough is enough. The killings have to stop. The perpetrators
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