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IP TV Påverkan Och Anpassning Av IP-Nätet Hos En Datakomoperatör

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IP TV Påverkan Och Anpassning Av IP-Nätet Hos En Datakomoperatör Examensarbete LITH-ITN-KTS-EX--06/004--SE IP TV påverkan och anpassning av IP-nätet hos en datakomoperatör. Jessica Eriksson 2006-02-03 Department of Science and Technology Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap Linköpings Universitet Linköpings Universitet SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden 601 74 Norrköping LITH-ITN-KTS-EX--06/004--SE IP TV påverkan och anpassning av IP-nätet hos en datakomoperatör. Examensarbete utfört i kommunikation- och transportsystem vid Linköpings Tekniska Högskola, Campus Norrköping Jessica Eriksson Handledare Monika Gullin Examinator Di Yuan Norrköping 2006-02-03 Datum Avdelning, Institution Date Division, Department Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap 2006-02-03 Department of Science and Technology Språk Rapporttyp ISBN Language Report category _____________________________________________________ x Svenska/Swedish Examensarbete ISRN LITH-ITN-KTS-EX--06/004--SE Engelska/English B-uppsats _________________________________________________________________ C-uppsats Serietitel och serienummer ISSN x D-uppsats Title of series, numbering ___________________________________ _ ________________ _ ________________ URL för elektronisk version Titel Title IP TV påverkan och anpassning av IP-nätet hos en datakomoperatör. Författare Author Jessica Eriksson Sammanfattning Abstract TDC Song has just entered the private market with Internet Access and VoIP services. To stay competitive on the market in the future, the company will be required to offer the customers video- and TV- services and have a complete triple play packet. The purpose of this masters thesis is to determine which techniques that exist within IPTV, analyze TDC Songs network and see what actions the company needs to take in network design and network quality in order to distribute a premium packet with up to 50 channels when using Moving Picture Experts Group phase 2 (MPEG-2) to compress the video. A literature study was made to get knowledge about IPTV and the available standards to compress, transmit and display the video. Furthermore, tests were set up and performed in both laboratory and real life network environments. The theoretical study showed that the network should be configured with Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) as the intra-domain routing protocol and Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) as the inter-domain protocol to connect the PIM-SM domains together. The switches that can handle layer 3 routing should also be configured with PIM-SM and the other switches should use Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping to enhance their performance. In the laboratory tests the Extreme Summit48i switch couldnt act as Rendezvous Point (RP), but has no problem with handling multicast traffic up to 1 Gbps. No multicast traffic ought to be transmitted in the parts of the network where the Cisco routers 7206 and 3640 are situated, since their performance decrease and they will drop packets. The downlink speed from the network to the Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAMs) should be upgraded from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps to be able to handle the IPTV, VoIP and Internet traffic with as little congestion as possible. Nyckelord Keyword IPTV, multicast, networking Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under en längre tid från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extra- ordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns det lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/ Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet - or its possible replacement - for a considerable time from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies a permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, to print out single copies for your own use and to use it unchanged for any non-commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional on the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about the Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its WWW home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/ © Jessica Eriksson Introducing IPTV Impacts and adjustments to the distribution and backbone network of a network operator Master Thesis project performed at TDC Song AB by Jessica Eriksson Tutor at TDC Song AB: Monika Gullin Tutor at Linköping University: David Gundlegård Examiner: Di Yuan Abstract TDC Song has just entered the private market with Internet Access and VoIP services. To stay competitive on the market in the future, the company will be required to offer the customers video- and TV- services and have a complete triple play packet. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to determine which techniques that exist within IPTV, analyze TDC Song’s network and see what actions the company needs to take in network design and network quality in order to distribute a premium packet with up to 50 channels when using Moving Picture Experts Group phase 2 (MPEG-2) to compress the video. A literature study was made to get knowledge about IPTV and the available standards to compress, transmit and display the video. Furthermore, tests were set up and performed in both laboratory and real life network environments. The theoretical study showed that the network should be configured with Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) as the intra-domain routing protocol and Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) as the inter-domain protocol to connect the PIM-SM domains together. The switches that can handle layer 3 routing should also be configured with PIM-SM and the other switches should use Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping to enhance their performance. In the laboratory tests the Extreme Summit48i switch couldn’t act as Rendezvous Point (RP), but has no problem with handling multicast traffic up to 1 Gbps. No multicast traffic ought to be transmitted in the parts of the network where the Cisco routers 7206 and 3640 are situated, since their performance decrease and they will drop packets. The downlink speed from the network to the Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAMs) should be upgraded from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps to be able to handle the IPTV, VoIP and Internet traffic with as little congestion as possible. A buffer in the Set-Top Box should be enough to eliminate any jitter the network may cause. To be able to handle packet losses and the limited bandwidth, the network should be designed with a separate VLAN per service. This will make it possible for the company to prioritize IPTV by using VLAN tags to give Quality of Service. 2 (80) Acknowledgements I would like to thank the employees at TDC Song that have been involved by helping me whenever I have had a question. Furthermore, I want to give a special thanks to my tutor Monika Gullin for her support and Mikael Abrahamsson for his great networking knowledge and help during the tests. From the University I would like to thank my tutor David Gundlegård. His broad knowledge in data- and telecommunication has given me valuable inputs and reflections on my work. I would also like to thank my opponents Mattias Bruhn and Anna Garde for their comments and suggestions that have improved my rapport. Finally, I want to thank my family and friends for the great support I have been given. Thank you for listening when I needed it the most. 3 (80) Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 7 1.1 BACKGROUND 7 1.2 PURPOSE 7 1.3 OBJECTIVE 7 1.4 SCOPE 8 1.5 METHODOLOGY 8 1.6 OUTLINE 8 2 THE FUNDAMENTALS OF IPTV 9 2.1 THE INTERNET PROTOCOL 9 2.2 TELEVISION 10 2.3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS 11 2.4 VIDEO COMPRESSION 13 2.5 MEDIA STREAMING PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS 14 2.5.1 TRANSPORT CONTROL PROTOCOL AND USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL 15 2.5.2 REAL-TIME TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AND REAL-TIME CONTROL PROTOCOL 15 2.5.3 REAL-TIME STREAMING PROTOCOL AND SESSION INITIATION PROTOCOL 16 2.5.4 SESSION DESCRIPTION PROTOCOL 16 2.6 QUALITY OF SERVICE 16 2.6.1 JITTER 17 2.6.2 PACKET LOSS 18 2.6.3 BANDWIDTH 20 2.6.4 TRAFFIC ISOLATION 20 2.6.5 SCHEDULING AND POLICING 22 3 MULTICAST 25 3.1 INTERNET GROUP MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL 26 3.1.1 IGMPV1 27 3.1.2 IGMPV2 27 3.1.3 IGMPV3 28 3.2 MULTICAST ROUTING ALGORITHMS 29 3.2.1 FLOODING 29 3.2.2 MULTICAST DISTRIBUTION TREES 29 3.2.3 REVERSE PATH FORWARDING
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