End to End IPTV Design and Implementation, How to avoid Pitfalls Rajiv Chaudhuri Ericsson Consulting Agenda for the IP TV Design Tutorial
1. IP TV Business Models and Challenges 2. Key IP TV Design Considerations 3. Delivering IP TV Services and Quality of Experience 4. Testing Considerations 5. Future Directions 6. Finally – Key Messages
NETWORKS20008 2 1. IP TV Business Models and Business Case Challenges What is IP TV ?
It is “TV anytime” with no strict dependency on the fixed program guide Can replace cable and satellite based video and TV broadcast services It is broadband TV, video on demand and interactive TV It offers triple play service bundling – voice, video and data on FTTP and ADSL 2+ and VDSL access Viewers would expect a predictable or better service quality, when comparing IP TV with Broadcast FTA, cable and Satellite TV services
NETWORKS20008 4 Slide 4 What is TV? (Broadcast, Internet TV, IPTV)
air DVB-S
DVB-T DVB STB Broadcast TV
HFC DVB-C
DVB-H / HSPA
Internet TV xDSL/FTTx Internet DVB-IP
IPTV STB IPTV TV xDSL/FTTx IP Server
NETWORKS20008 5 IPTV Scenarios Managed vs Unmanaged
Live content Ingestion
1
Telcos (QoS) Telcos (QoS) 2 ManagedManaged NetworkNetwork 3 4 Internet Content
InternetInternet UnmanagedUnmanaged NetworkNetwork
1. Professional content over managed network to PC client (Broadband TV) 2. Professional content over managed network to STB (IPTV) 3. Internet originating content to STB (Internet TV = Web TV) 4. Internet orientating content to PC (Internet TV = Web TV)
NETWORKS20008 6 IP TV Scenario Analysis
PC Based Internet TV Model IP TV via Set Top Box (STB) Model –A pure Video On Demand Approach – Combination of both Linear –Primarily portal based as extensions to Broadcast and Video on Demand broadcaster’s linear digital channels Approach Commercial Broadcasters - NBC in the – Connectivity via Operator’s US, Channel 4 and BBC in the UK have Closed Broadband Network launched their own video on demand – Standard Pay-TV distribution portals model –Connectivity via Internet only – Revenue model is a combination –Leveraging existing content from digital of channels funded through a combination Subscription based of revenue sources including Pay-per-view Advertising Advertising Pay-per-view – Broadcasters, content providers, Subscription based advertisers or disintermediators Download to own have a revenue sharing –User generated content from Portals arrangement with the Telco such as YouTube and MySpace –Video and music On-Demand Portals such as iTunes and Joost
NETWORKS20008 7 Open the network to internet TV
Managed TV Internet TV OTT, over the top TV Digital Terrestial Broadcast only Online streaming eg YouTube Satellite Broadcast only Legal P2PTV eg Joost Cable BC, Unicast, OTT other P2PTV eg SopCast IPTV (part of 3play) BC, Unicast, OTT Download TV eg iTunes
Living room Desktop/ laptop Mobile Quality, reliability Interactivity,multi-tasking personal consumers viewing time distribution
Internet and IPTV over same networks, filling different needs
NETWORKS20008 8 IP TV Business Model Examples
Value-Added Internet Virtual Video Store Service Provider
A little VoD infrastructure and not own access network Broadband Internet Access and rich value added Convenient access to video library at a user’s services included IP TV and VoD preferred time PC centric users and own customer base Premium VoD –Hot, Exclusive, large choices and Internet Protal services including information speciality content for specific target segments services, music downloads, online gaming Pay per view or certain number of films per month Flat broadband Access and IP TV Services and Brand name and easy content navigation is pay-per-view for VoD essential
Enhanced TV Service Provider Triple Play
Advanced TV services at competitive price Combined video, telephony and broadband TV centric users with often own broadband internet services for mass market customer base or registered IP TV subscription TV centric users, telecommunications customers users requiring to subscribe to triple play bundles IP TV services including rich and varied bundles IP TV services including rich and varied bundles of channels , EPG, PVR, NPVR and Interactive of channels, EPG, PVR, NPV, interactive services, services VoIP and other IP services. Subscription and additionally pay per view for Subscription Triple Play bundles, plus pay per VoD view charges for VoD
NETWORKS20008 9 IPTV Penetration at Connected Households
16% ISP 14%
12%
10% Within BB connected households 8% Within TV connected 6% households
4%
2% TV Service 0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Provider
NETWORKS20008 10 IP TV Business Case Challenges
Content and Media Business Model Service Control Management
Setting up a dedicated team for Supporting new services such as The new service and the absence of business content selection and program network PVR, VOD Distribution scheme experiences at scale and the important size of the schedule management Limit access to certain services in case required investments (eg. Content and technology) Developing expertise in content of network and service infrastructure The important trade-off between service and negotiation, cross-selling, promotional overload eg. Video servers content offerings offer management and defining the The Cost of content and Service content refreshment policies QoS Management and service control architecture to handle load peaks and Quality assurance and compliance ARPU, the life time customer value service mixes process for content providers
Customer Care Product Technology End to End Service Assurance and Billing Choices
Strong need for real time troubleshooting Integrating the IP TV billing processes Monitor all the end to end architecture (CPE, TV, with the existing billing processes Use of off-the -self products to be STB) Design new billing processes and build integrated in Telco’s infrastructure or Proactive segment status analysis and start interfaces with external payment GWs define architecture and standards and automated trouble management and recovery Customer self modify subscription ask suppliers to adapt their solutions to process if required Managing he peak for customer care this scenario Identity the customers who could be affected by the during prime time hours ( 8:00 PM to Cost effective STBs with high video service and network problem Midnight) quality, GUI and interactive services Proactively managing new challenging areas such Building attractive commercial offer by Ability to offer high scalable title search as video quality management and conditional access bundling TV services with Voice and for on-demand movies and contents management Data
NETWORKS20008 11 IPTV study – Consumer Behaviors Only 30% satisfied with service People are referring to old technology – Features not living up to expectations/old technology are irritating Most households 1. Improve service reliability (73%) experience this problem on a daily or weekly basis. 2. Would like to be able to choose their own It has now become a “oh channels (69%) no, not again” feature. 3. Having the service available on more than one TV (60%) 4. Most of all, care about the content and its quality! (75%) 5. It must be very easy to get something showing what viewers want to watch (75%)
Source: Web survey with users No need to fine tune the details until the basics are in place!
NETWORKS20008 12 Critical Success Factors for IP TV
Positive User The Right Content High Quality of Service Experience
Having the right movies Improved ICC for immediate Releasing content in a competitive time Quality of Service in IP viewing windows networks to deliver constant Automatic system requirement Exclusive premium content eg. Broadcast quality in transmission checks sports or new series MPEG4 compression Easy STB installation Providing speciality and local content Video Call Admission control Easy payments for pay-per- customised to targeted group view services
Tight Operational and Low Priced Interactivity Cost Control Set-Top Boxes
Major differentiator compared to Operator will have to subsidize Extendable content environment traditional broadcast TV where or pay for STBs Require tight cost control as competition there is no back channel Require close partnership with for IP TV customers is fierce between As a lever to accelerate STB vendor to deliver IP TV client Telecom service providers, traditional application convergence on three capabilities at a lower cost broadcasters, Energy and Media companies screens PC, Mobile and TV Volume purchase should be In the case of VoD there is competition Opportunity for personalised Ad used to lower STB procurement from neighbourhood video store selection costs
NETWORKS20008 13 Summary Of IP TV Business Model and Challenges
Telco’s QoS managed network is a vehicle to deliver both managed TV and Internet TV with high Quality of User Experience
For IP TV Services, Content is the key, but operators need to be mindful of important commercial trade-offs between content and services
IP TV offers a new, more compelling model for advertisers to reach and influence consumers. Ability to target adverts more accurately by time viewed, by programme and via viewer profile could deliver new revenue opportunities for both Telco’s and the advertisers
Product and technology choices are critical to ensure that, features delivered must meet the user expectations and preferences
Organisational realignment is necessary to develop User Centric IP TV value Delivery Model in a cost effective fashion
The IP TV business model could vary from operator to operator. Whilst an incumbent Telco would like to own the entire network and services infrastructures, content providers, aggregators and wholesale ISPs would look for a collaborative approach to the deployment of IP TV via a separate white label or wholesale entity
NETWORKS20008 14 Designing an IP TV Network Service Transformation - Triggers
PC/Laptops + Internet
Gaming Devices MP3 Players
TV/HDTV Digital Cameras/Videos
More and advanced Mobile phones
Video is at the forefront of driving Service Transformation, which has triggered new network requirements, new services, content types and Expectations
NETWORKS20008 16 Consumer View of Services
User selects what services they subscribe to :
Services Subscription Volume Voice Lines Voice 3 Key Observation IP TV 2 SD Channel
HD Channel 1 Users are in total control of full service mixes Streaming VoD 1 1 Video Streaming Flexible subscription Interactive Apps 1 Gaming e.g gaming 1 based on volume purchased HSI Default
NETWORKS20008 17 How Operator Handles Service Mixes ? Operator translates customer subscriber to Bandwidth and IP QoS Profile at the Downstream Direction
Services Subscription Volume CIR PIR
0.5M Voice 3 0.5M Key Observation IP TV SD 2 4M 4M
IP TV HD Voice and IP TV 8M 8M 1 require Constant Bit Streaming VoD Rate (CBR) 1 2 M 2 M performance Interactive Apps e.g gaming 1 0.1 M 0.5 M Voice and IP TV Services are highly HSI Default 0.05M 12 M sensitive to packet loss and delay Total Line 14.65M 26 M BW Note : CIR Commited Information Rate PIR Peak Information Rate
NETWORKS20008 18 Network Transformation – A Journey towards Services World
DSL Access Network provides Current subscriber connectivity to Internet
Retail ISP RADIUS Content/ Internet Core App DSLAM DF, ATM IP MPLS The Access Evolution Or SDH Core PE Internet –Higher speeds (ADSL2+, VDSL2, BRAS Provider Wholesale ISPs Content/ Internet xPON) Edge Backbone DSLAM Service BRAS App Edge Provider Access Aggregation Evolution Industry Direction – Revenue growth stimulation, –Ethernet elements provide higher IP Network Rationalisation for all Access Types capacity at lower cost Access Network provides connectivity to –A common Ethernet Aggregation Future multiple services including triple play Retail Services for Residential and Business services Digital Content/Apps IP Telephony Home Network Policy Mgmt and Control Gaming DSL IP Edge Evolution –Consolidate platforms for business DSLAM (L2/L3) and residential services Internet The PE Core Internet –BNG as the IP Edge to support BNG FTTH Provider Service aware Ethernet IP/MPLS Service Edge Business Services Routing with L3 policy management OLT Edge Core Internet Ethernet A SBG IP Centrex AccessAggregation 3G PE EFTPOS Text Mobile GGSN Provider Firewall Edge Wireless Managed VideoConf Service IP Edge Services
NETWORKS20008 19 Key IP TV Network Design
Considerations Page 20
Network Network Network Scale & Flexibility Security & Operations & Reliability Platform Mgmt
z Bandwidth Planning Always on Service Service-aware OAM in access and edge diagnostic tools zDesigning for 100% VoD Network Availability Network Op Tool z Optimized multicast delivery Node Availability OSS Integration
z Service-aware QoS Service-aware zSubscriber QoS to Non Stop Service and accounting and billing deliver service bundles Non-Stop Routing for innovative service z Single Network for models Business & Anti-spoofing and DOS Residential attack prevention subscribers
NETWORKS20008 20 Requirement for IP TV Service Delivery Network Scale & Policy RACS Flexibility IPTV Remote DSL DHCP Terminal DNS Function DSL
VoD BNG
P2P Aggregation Backbone Ethernet Carrier Carrier Headend Output Ethernet Ethernet Router switch Head end RGW Encoder BNG
Network VDSL2 Metro Backbone Termination WDM Transport WDM WDM Transport WDM
Integrated Element, Service and Subscriber Management
GPON High Availability Multicast & Unicast Per-path, per-link, per-node high Any mode of operation & optimize Massive Bandwidth Scaling availability, across the network architecture for BTV as well as 100% VoD 20Mb/s to more 100Mb/s per subscriber Policy scaling Optimized Cost Structure Scale security, anti-spoofing, Subscriber Level QoS for accounting, filtering, policing Linear, predictable (non-exponential) Multiple Services etc. Streamlined network & service Scale QoS mechanisms, enforce service operations interaction per-sub, per-service AN (Access Node); EAS (Ethernet Aggregation Switch); BNG (Broadband Network Gateway)
NETWORKS20008 21 Network Ethernet Aggregation Design Goals Scale & Flexibility
Page 22 Residential Residential + Triple Play Metro Services Business Carrier Services Ethernet Broadcast Video
Ethernet Video On Aggregation Demand Carrier BNG Core RGW Ethernet AN RouterCore Router Residential Internet Gateway Carrier PSTN Ethernet Policy DHCP Mgmt Softswitch Voice Gateway Optical Optical IMS WDM WDM WDM WDM
Increase Ethernet scalability –Works equally with VLANs and 802.1 Q circuits Conserves VLAN and IP addresses – subnet can span multiple DSLAMs –VLAN translation and VLAN aggregation Standardised OAM capabilities and tools Improves Resiliency for Ethernet –Sub-50ms Fast-reroute with MPLS Service ping, MAC ping, MAC trace-route tools –No spanning tree for loop prevention Offers LSP ping & Traceroute Simplifies multicast with IGMP proxy/snooping
NETWORKS20008 22 MPLS Technologies In The Network Scale & Ethernet Aggregation Network Flexibility
Targeted LDP session L a 3 b l 3 e e l ab 1 PE_1 L 9 L CE_1 abe P P l 33 PE _1 PE_3 CE_1 P P L CE_3 a b e l 1 VPWS 9
L Targeted LDP session La a be b VPLS l 19 e l 8 3 9 3 l P P CE_2 e b a PE_2 L P P CE_2 PE_2 Targeted LDP session
8 9 l e b a MPLS Network Targeted LDP s ession L
MPLS Network
Hi gher Lay ers Higher IP Higher H igher Layers 802 .3 Layers Layers (any lay er 3 protocol ) IP MPLS (service label ) (any lay er 3 protocol ) IP Higher IP Higher (opt ional ) 802.1q MPLS (t unnel or transport label ) (opti onal ) 802.1q Layers 802.3 Layers 802.3 802 .3 802.3 (any layer 3 pr otocol ) IP MPLS (service label ) (any layer 3 pr otocol ) IP (optional ) 802. 1q MPLS (tunnel or transpor t label ) (optional ) 802. 1q 802 .3 802.3 802 .3
Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
NETWORKS20008 23 Unicast VoD will be the main driver for Network Scale & Network Capacity Growth FlexibilityPage 24 VOD Concurrency) Unicast VOD Bandwidth Growth
2500.00 Scaling of Unicast Video Requires: 2000.00 1500.00 S D V OD Total 1000s of GE capacity per CO HD VOD Total 1000.00 Services and Policy enforcement at wire-speed Gb/s) ( Growth Bandwidth 500.00
0.00 Subscribers per CO 10% 13% 15% 17.50% 20% VOD Concurrency (%)
CO Capacity (Gb/s)
NETWORKS20008 24 Network BB TV Alternate Architecture Scale & Residential Flexibility High Speed Internet Internet Gaming +Gaming Page 25 Services Multicast Broadband Services Residential BB TV Services
Carrier Ethernet Broadcast Video
Ethernet ASP Video On Aggregation BNG Demand Carrier Core Ethernet BBTV RGW Router AN BNG Core Router Residential Long tail BTV+ Internet Gateway Carrier Unicast VOD PSTN BTV Ethernet ROADMROADM networknetwork Policy DHCP + Mgmt Softswitch Unicast VoD Voice Gateway Optical Optical WDM IMS WDM WDM WDM
BNG Architecture Simplification Services interactions are complex on a common BNG architecture Low Cost Broadcast TV Architecture Optical Bypass One single BNG for all services Video Broadcast is delivered via Ethernet Service aware Optical Transport could increase both architectural and BBTV VLAN can be mapped onto a 10 G optical λ reserved for Video operational complexity BBTV service requirements are Automatic rerouting of video traffic if designated main and protection points fail different from VoD and HSI, Hence it would make sense to segregate High capacity scalable DWDM transport with reconfigurable optical mesh provides BBTV service on a separate BNG flexible capacity per node and optical express capability optimising traffic path and cost Distributed BNG options Ethernet aware Optical Transport
NETWORKS20008 25 Changed Orientation
L2 oriented Metro WDM oriented Metro
Traditional way of aggregating access Scalability by adding wavelengths Scalability by increasing Ethernet rate Efficient use of fiber resource Besides Ethernet Switching, complementary VPLS & Significantly less power per bit MPLS is used Low cost optical components used 1st gen Multicast IPTV manageable, Unicast growth More efficient for evolved IPTV is a challenge with Unicast and ”long tail” Multicast
60% lower Metro CAPEX Optical fiber Optical fiber
Ethernet connections separated on different wavelengths Ethernet sharing of common capacity through L2 traffic processing
Passive L2 Switch WDM filter
SFP AN AN AN AN AN WDM AN AN AN module
NETWORKS20008 26 Optimised Multicast Network Network Scale & For Efficient Video Delivery Flexibility Page 27 Video Source
CH 1 CH 1 CH 2 CH 2 . . CH N CH N 1 copy of each Video 1 copy of each channel channel
BRAS multicast multicast BB TV Requested channels BRAS BNG Must replicate are distributed to Aggregation copies to each downstream nodes home from BRAS Broadband (1 copy per Ethernet Ethernet node) Aggregation multicast multicast No multicast because of PPP Access Access Requested encapsulations on Nodes AN AN Nodes channels distributed AN AN bearer traffic AN multicast AN AN AN to each home from DSLAM Access Node
NETWORKS20008 27 Subscriber QoS to meet Network Scale & Multi Services Requirements Flexibility Page 28
GE VoIP
Video QoS for High-speed Internet is about service differentiation –Service works at different bandwidths HSI Video Service requires bandwidth to be available –QoS for video and VoIP requires admission control, prioritization, delay/loss guarantees Triple-play requires per-service, per-subscriber queuing and Subscriber -Unaware shaping IP Edge ( BRAS) –Subscriber Isolation Prevents one user from taking too much shared bandwidth –Bandwidth Efficiency Controls bursts to optimize use of buffers downstream resulting in better quality video due to lower loss GE Per –User differentiation Enforces each subscriber’s independent policy Sub
Per Sub
Subscriber-Aware IP Edge (BNG)
NETWORKS20008 28 Subscriber Bandwidth Model Network Scale & Flexibility
Observation Network would honour the delivery of VoIP, Video Streaming and IP TV Multicast , even at the expense of Premium Data and High Speed Internet Data flows not the other way around
NETWORKS20008 29 End to End QoS Reference Model Service Aware Network Elements Network with QoS Policies and Configuration Scale & End to end Service QoS Flexibility
PC Voice VLAN
TV Video VLAN head Carrier end Set-Top RGW AN Ethernet Data VLAN BNG backbone metro service edge QoS aggregation Enabled QoS Enabled Hosted Ethernet Aggregation IP/MPLS network Transport QoS Core Over DWDM Transport QoS Service Independent
Transport QoS network elements Traffic type Priority
7 Control & management 5 Voice (residential & business) 4 IPTV, multicast services 3 IPTV, unicast services (VoD) 2 Business data services 0 Best effort Internet access
NETWORKS20008 30 Location of QoS Functions for Service Mixes Four Transport Classes
Expedited - VoIP Access & Aggregation “Core” ISP Ethernet AN Ethernet BNG Router Application Guaranteed – IP TV IP Edge Provider Servers Premium - Business Gateway Aggregation Edge Per-Service Aggregate Standard - Internet Treatment Treatment
Transport QoS Service Network Transport QoS Classification, Interface Interface Shaping & Marking Scheduling Upstream Aggregate Shaping & Shaping & Scheduling Service Service Scheduling Classes Classes mapped to all Per-Service Aggregate mapped to all Classification &Classification four Marking Policing four Marking & Transport Transport Marking Classes Classes
Downstream Per-Service Shaping & Shaping & Shaping & Scheduling Scheduling Scheduling
NETWORKS20008 31 One Network for All Services: Network Scale & Business & Residential Flexibility
Page 32
End-to-end OAM & common Network Management
Internet
Voice GPON P2P Ethernet ADSL2+ Metro Carrier BNG Video VDSL2 Ethernet Residential Transport IP Service Edge Service Networks And Business Access Network Aggregation
Common architecture across all access types for residential services VoIP, VoD, HSI, IP Multimedia One Network for business and residential service delivery Point-to-point services, L2 VPNs (VPLS), Layer 3 IP-VPNs, etc Without business services, Residential IP TV service delivery could use light-weight Ethernet Protocols eg. PBB-TE, T-MPLS ( with GMPLS Control)
NETWORKS20008 32 Subscriber QoS for Fairness Network Security & in Service Bandwidth Allocation Reliability
Page 33
AN Traffic Sources User 1 GE VoIP
User 2 Internet DSLAM Shared ATM VP Video Traffic flows from many users on the shared access line
No Subscriber level Bandwidth Limit No per-sub queuing No CIR/PIR shaping
Possible DoS attack – users can consume disproportionate amounts of shared bandwidth
AN Traffic Sources User 1 GE VoIP
User 2 Internet DSLAM Shared Ethernet Video Traffic flows from many users on the access line
Enforced per-subscriber limit (limited to access b/w) per-sub queuing CIR/PIR shaping
Protects shared bandwidth with CIR and PIR shaping per subscriber
NETWORKS20008 33 Network Security & MPEG Error Retention Reliability
Objective –Keep error as low as possible Implications –Bad quality : Degradation of picture quality, more noticeable on fast moving picture Answer –MPLS Fast Re-route –High Availability –MPEG Error Performance Testing
NETWORKS20008 34 Always On Experience : Packet Loss Network Security & Expectations Reliability
Page 35
Single B-frame IP packet loss (1 frame affected) Single I-frame IP packet loss(14 frames affected)
Objective –Keep outage as short as possible Implications –Bad quality : 1 IP packet loss (Bframe/Iframe) Answer –MPLS Fast Re-route –High Availability –End To End Packet Loss Testing
NETWORKS20008 35 High Availability: Network Resiliency (1/2)
Network Security & Reliability IP PIM PIM DHCP Server DHCP IGMP Querier BNGBNG
–In case of link failure on ring Carrier Ethernet DSLAM between aggregation nodes, DSLAM Carrier Ethernet 50 ms Fast recovery is via MPLS FRR on restoration Individual RSVP Tunnel Ethernet LDP over RSVP TE is the Protocol Aggregation Of the choice Network –Sub 50 ms recovery DSLAM Carrier Carrier DSLAM Ethernet Ethernet
Traffic Flow Through LDP tunnels within one or more RSVP-TE LSPs
E1C E1D E1E
LDP LSP Carrier Carrier BNG BNG Ethernet Ethernet RSVP-TE LSP RSVP-TE LSP RSVP-TE LSP
NETWORKS20008 36 High Availability: Network Resiliency (2/2) Network Security & Reliability
IP IP PIM PIM DHCP PIM PIM DHCP Server DHCP Server DHCP IGMP IGMP IGMP IGMP Querier Queried Querier Querier
BNG BNG BNG BNG
DSLAM Carrier Carrier Carrier DSLAM DSLAM Ethernet Carrier Ethernet Ethernet DSLAM Ethernet Ethernet Aggregation Ethernet Aggregation Network Network
DSLAM Carrier Carrier DSLAM Ethernet DSLAM Carrier Ethernet Carrier DSLAM Ethernet Ethernet
•In case of link failure to multicast router, IGMP election •In case of Aggregation node failure, the ring is •In case of link failure to multicast router, IGMP election •In case of Aggregation node failure, the ring is of multicast router, processprocess will will cause cause switchover switchover of multicast router, brokenbroken and and both both multicast multicast routers routers become become active active recoveryrecovery in in seconds seconds (IGMP (IGMP timers). timers).
NETWORKS20008 37 High Availability: MPLS FRR Network Security & and VRRP Reliability
Page 38
MPLS Fast Re- BNG #1 Route User 1 . GE . Ethernet Aggregation User N BNG Core Router VRRP Core User 1 BNG #2 Router . Core GE . RouterCore User N BNG #2 IP MPLS User N Router becomes Core BNG Master Router Core
•MPLS Fast Reroute OR Hot-standby secondary LSPs protect failure between BNG’s •MPLS Fast Reroute OR Hot-standby secondary LSPs protect failure between BNG’s •Use LDP over RSVP - TE •Use LDP over RSVP - TE •Use Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol •Use Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol •Provides transparent (subscriber unaware) switchover to secondary router in case of failure of primary •Provides transparent (subscriber unaware) switchover to secondary router in case of failure of primary
NETWORKS20008 38 Network Security & High availability: Node Reliability Reliability
Non-Stop Services is the ultimate goal Extend Non-stop Routing to layer 2/3 VPN Router Self recover
Transparent Non-Stop Services Uses neighbor to help To neighbours recovery Non stop forwarding Non-Stop Routing
Node Reliability Initiatives During the recovery Router continues forwarding traffic Graceful Restart during recovery. Standard operation of routing networks. 00:00:00:0x Route convergence Non Stop Forwarding Mili-Seconds d ce du re Protocol be Convergence uld ho s p air te ep h s e R ac d h e 00:00:xx No ug to ro Mins me th Ti an Me Node Reliability Progression
NETWORKS20008 39 Network Security & Traffic Control Security & Reliability Page 40 Optical Transport for Long tail BB TV BNG 1 and Unicast Video Streaming
ROADMROADM networknetwork Video IGMP WDM BNG Proxy ASP BTV WDM BNG VRRP User 1 BNG 2 . DHCP DSLAM . Snoop Carrier Ethernet Aggregation Carrier User N Ethernet Network Ethernet Video BNG GE WDM WDM ASP BNG
Prevent theft of Service
Only valid SRC-IP/SRC-MAC combination allowed based on auto installed filter policy by snooping DHCP Ack
wSubscriber Activation
Subscriber associated with purchased service dynamically based on examination of DHCP ACK msg OR as part of user- RADIUS authentication
wDisallow user-to-user communication in L2 network
Example : Blocked in the Aggregation Switch using VPLS Split Horizon
NETWORKS20008 40 Network Network Security Security & Reliability
Page 41 DHCP/AAA Ethernet Servers DHCP Carrier Aggregation DSLAM BNG IP Ethernet Network RGW DHCP (EAN) DHCP Residential Snoop Relay Policy Gateway Mgmt
802.1X port authentication
RG antispoof MAC Antispoof SrcMAC Authentication Pass DHCP Bcast
Learm IP-MAC association Learn Lock MAC DHCP ACK ARP (UserIP/MAC) Unauthenticated SrcMAC (MAC learning locked)
ARP Rate limit ARP
DHCP Configured ARP DHCP Configured ARP No Direct ARPs Normally no ARPs
Valid SrcMAC/SrcIP L2-L4 Filters Allowed Data
Invalid SrcMAC/SrcIP Block user-user bridged traffic and spoofed addresses
NETWORKS20008 41 Network Network Operations Tools Operation
End to End Service Availability SDP Ping – Is the service tunnel reachable end to end ? Service Ping – Is the service provisioned Policy IPTV Remote DHCP accurately ? RACS Terminal DSL DNS Function DSL Ethernet MPLS LSP IP 2547 MPLS LSP VoD BNG
P2P Aggregation Backbone Ethernet Carrier Carrier Headend Output Ethernet Ethernet Router switch Head end RGW Encoder BNG
Network VDSL2 Metro Backbone Termination WDM Transport WDM WDM Transport WDM
Integrated Element, Service and Subscriber Management GPON End to End Service Tunnel
Ethernet MPLS Availability MPLS LSP Availability LSP Trace Route – How do the IP MPLS packets Ethernet Ping – Is the service reachable in EAN ? go to their destination ? Ethernet Trace route – How do the Ethernet LSP Tunnel Ping –Is the tunnel working in each packets go to their destination ? direction ?
NETWORKS20008 42 IP TV Network Architecture Options
BTV VLAN can be mapped to a wavelength instead Ethernet Optical Aggregation Switch Transport A Metro Bypass through Optical Transport (ROADM WDM WDM Page 43 Residential GE G/W Access BNG Node IGMP IGMP BTV DHCP BTV Snoop Relay Snoop BTV VLAN 100 Carrier Internet, Ethernet VOD BNG VOD VoIP VLAN 20 RGW DSLAM
Carrier PPPoE DATA An Integrated VLAN 10 Ethernet PPPoE BRAS Carrier BNG Solution Ethernet
VLAN per sub OR Multicast replication for VLANs per Aggregated broadcast TV. IGMP sent service. VLAN Service VLANs upstream on BTV VLAN. IDs have port- Port-to-VLAN mapping for local significance unicast data. Provides VLAN scale with IP Routing of DHCP-based port-specific Q-tag context services. Integrated VPLS Broadcast TV VLAN and VLAN switching on BNG for PPPoE All services on a common carries multicast aggregation/translation BRAS last mile circuit (e.g. ATM channels (only those VC or Ethernet VLAN) required by attached DSLAM)
NETWORKS20008 43 Summary - Key Design Considerations
Unicast VoD is the main driver for network bandwidth growth
Ethernet technologies (VPLS, VPWS, T-MPLS) have matured enough to offer higher scalability, increased security and improved resiliency at the aggregation layer. Any specific choice of technology however would depend on the operator’s products and service offerings (eg, Business or residential)
The delivery mechanism of Broadcast TV requires careful consideration. A possible solution is to deliver long tail BTV and unicast VoD streaming via the optical transport bypass
MPLS FRR could be implemented to support 50 ms network failover – a key performance requirement for voice and video
Network operations and management tools are the key considerations, while making a choice about network technologies and systems
Subscriber level QoS and network policy control will be required to control the fairness in bandwidth allocation and resource usage
End to End QoS management is the key to meeting Real time multimedia application performance
NETWORKS20008 44 Delivering IP TV Services with Quality of Experience A Simplified IP TV System
IPTV Application Subscriber Database Server Set-Top Box
Electronic EPG Client Prog Guide Entitlement Middleware System Live Session Conditional HeadEnd Manager Access Client TV Control Content Asset Delivery Management Platform Broadcast Application VOD Data Encoding VoD and QoE Application Compressing Monitor VOD Server CA System Video Linear Encryption Decryption VoD Resource Content Resource Mgr Manager Scrambler Video Encryption Decoder Engine Video Pump
NETWORKS20008 46 Head-end in an IPTV Solution
NETWORKS20008 47 Concept of IP-Headend
Distribution
Reception Decoding CA Encapsulation
Descrambling FEC QoS
NETWORKS20008 48 Head-end Building Blocks. Conditional Access
Analogue CATV DVB Simulcrypt Digital satellite Digital CATV interface QPSK (IF) Trans- Recei- ASI, SDI Digital coder ver ASI terrestrial optional CA Decryption IP Media Strea- encryp- ASI mer tion Analogue e.g. compo-
satellite (IF) Recei- site signal En- 239.0.0.0 --.255 ver coder optional CA Decryption IP router IP/MPLS
Analogue e.g. compo- terrestrial Recei- site signal En- ver coder ASI
CA Decryption IP Media Strea- encryp- Digital cable ASI mer tion Stream Trans- (e.g. SDH) ASI, SDI pro- coder 239.0.1.0 --.255 optional cessor optional Redundancy options etc CA not shown.
Multicast addresses indicated as examples only. Acquisition Processing Distribution
NETWORKS20008 49 IPTV Headend Architecture
ASI/SDI1+1 IP Switches Matrix Router All IP based Headend Standard Redundancy Solution 1+1 IP Switch Single point of failure (If Active type) Standard TTV Redundancy Solution Can be expensive Uses VLAN Membership MIB
Receivers EN80X0
iPlex (x8 Density) Bulk Descrambling 1+1 IP Switch
SDI SDIIP IP IP IP FTTH,xDSL
Complete IP Transcode Headend Reduces single point of failures Reduces Integration cost and simplifies design DVB CSA/AES Smaller System Foot Print iPlex CAS
NETWORKS20008 50 IP TV Head End System Considerations
Terrestrials DVB-T Satellite L-Band Inputs Inputs
The number of satellite dishes? The number of satellite transponders? The number of TV and Radio services? The number of TV and Radio services from each transponder? Details on the method of DVB-T transmissions? The number of SD MPEG-2/4 TV services? The number of SD MPEG-2/4 TV services? The number of HD MPEG-2/4 TV services? The number of services to be Transrated? The number of services to be Transrated? The number of services to be Transcoded? The number of services to be Transcoded? The number of services that require re-encoding? The number of services that require re-encoding?
ISP Input via Ethernet And IP Other Considerations
The number of TV and Radio services? Locally Encoded Programmes The peak bit-rates of the services if VBR The number and type of TV service SD MPEG-2/4 or HD What type of interface? MPEG-2/4 The number of SD MPEG-2/4 TV services? What type of interface ? The number of HD MPEG-2/4 TV services? MPEG2 MPTS supply Considerations The number of services to be Transrated? Video Bandwidth Consideration Channel bandwidth per service – CBR and VBR services The number of services to be Transcoded? For pass through channels, service is VBR ranging typically from The number of services that require re-encoding? 1 to 5 Mb/s
NETWORKS20008 51 IP TV Protocol Layer
1 MPEG TS = 188 Bytes 1 IP Packet - 7 MPEG TS approx. ( GOP Length is Variable For MPEG 4)
12 Bytes of RTP Header (op) 8 Bytes of UDP Header
20 Bytes of IP Header
14 Bytes of MAC Header
NETWORKS20008 52 MPEG System
Audio, video mapping to a common MPEG Program Stream
Source : Picture adopted From IP TV Network Testing, ALTHOS Inc 2008
NETWORKS20008 53 MPEG GOP Pictures
Distance between successive Intra- Frames
Distance between successive P-frames What is Group of Pictures (GOP) ? Frames can be grouped into sequences called a group of pictures (GOP). A GOP is an encoding of a sequence of frames (I-frame, P-frame, and B frames) that contain all the information that can be completely decoded within that GOP. Each Image frame is segmented into 16x16 Macro blocks How GOP Length could impact network ? The longer the GOP length, the lower the bandwidth that is used (higher video compression). However, the longer the GOP length, the longer it takes for a video error to be corrected as errors are propagated over the P and B frames until the next I frame occurs. MPEG 4 encoding allows for longer GOPs, containing a greater number of P-and B-frames between I-frames, making it more susceptible to video errors and packet loss
NETWORKS20008 54 IPTV Codec Rate Evolution
18 16
14 HD 1080p 12 HD 1080i 10 HD 720p SD-MPEG-2
Mbps 8 SD-MPEG-4 6 Europe 4 US 2 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year
NETWORKS20008 55 Set Top Box - IPTV Key Challenging Area
MPEG2, MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 AAC, AC3, MP3, G.7xx WMV, WMA FLAC, Ogg Vorbis Glossary of Terms Intel ATSC – Advanced Television Standards PowerPC Multimedia DLNA / UPnP AV RTP/RTSP Committee Standards MIPS Codecs M RTP- Real Time Transport & i S ddl Proprietary protocols Dual-CPU e e RTSP – Real Time Stream Protocol r t a ur a e DVB, ATSC Hybrids FLAC – Free Lossless Audio Codec HD & SD t n W w c da d e a Ogg Vorbis – Free Lossy Audio Code as r t r a i r e h d replacement To MP3 H c s r MPEG – Standards for compression of Audio A and Video Media WMV –Windows Media Video D ions R t a WMA– Windows Media Audio M VOD Microsoft ic PVOD H.264- Video Compression Part in MPEG 4 DRM10 ppl DLNA – Digital Living Network Alliance A IMS DTCP DTCP- Digital Transmission Content Drivers & OS Internet Browser Protection Media Player Windows Media DRM10 Flash Plays For Sure IMS – IP Multimedia System Linux E-net Sync from PC WinCE IDE Photo Viewer Embedded USB Games 1394 XP IMS Home GW Serial Key Message : Require STB Standardisation
NETWORKS20008 56 IMS TV Why IMS?
Core service network independent of access technology Same application is available from any Access method. Migrate and deploy across fixed and mobile users Standards allow scalable deployment of new services Evolution to combined services for enhanced user experience (presence, messaging, address book) Security through IMS built in Identity management, authentication, authorization and service access Centralized user profiles shared between apps Architecture designed for scalability and redundancy Common solution to achieve Quality of Service Flexible Charging of multimedia services Common Provisioning
NETWORKS20008 57 IMS IP TV Services – A Functional View
Management
WS Service layer Portal Client HTTP HTTP Applications IAP WS Core Services Browser IMS IMS EPG-DB Revenue Presence Messaging Management Plug-ins DVS629
IPC SIP IGMP RTSP Media Player Standard services and IMS CA / DRM CA Linux QoS Monitor ISC Drivers Ad Ad Ad Cmp
Hardware IMS Services RTSP Mgmt Insertion Mgr
SIP Subscriber UPnP IMS Core Management
Multi access edge Diameter:Rq Scrambler Transcode Receiver
Access QoS
Residential Content CAS
Gateway RTSP Management ISA ADI
IP Access Access Asset Asset CDP Mgmt Production
Transport and aggregation & Control
Devices and Monitoring QoS premises network
NETWORKS20008 58 IMS IP TV Services Architecture
Client Client IAP IF1:HTTP HTTP HTTP IF11:ParlayX Browser IPTV MW IMS IMS ProxyProxy SIGSIG Presence Messaging Plug-ins IF6:RTSP Open EPG Open EPG IF15 StreamStream ServerServer SIP QoS IGMP RTSP Media Player Monitor CA / DRM / CA Linux PGM IF14:WS Drivers PGM Charging Hardware IF13:SCTE130
IF12:WS Charging ISC:SIP HSS CSCF HSS CSCF CACA Controller CA/DRM AdPoint IF2:SIP IF4:IGMP IF2:HTTP Controller AdPoint IF3:RTSP IF5:MPEG IF8:ISA SBG IF7:ADI ResidentialResidential SBG IF9:RTSP Scrambler Head-end GatewayGateway IF2:SIP IMS Scrambler Head-end
NetOpNetOp ScramblerScrambler
NetworkNetwork AccessAccess EdgeEdge VideoVideo AMSAMS XPortXPort TerminatorTerminator NodeNode RouterRouter ServerServer IF10 FTP Distribution Network On-demand Content Ingest
NETWORKS20008 59 IMS Based Triple Play Network Solution IMS (SLF) CSCF AP P-CSCF HSS (S-, I-)
Session Control SPDF
Remote DSL Resource Admission Policy DHCP IPTV DSL Terminal RACS DNS Control Function
P2P VoD Ethernet BNG
Aggregation Backbone Carrier Carrier Headend Output Ethernet Ethernet Router switch Head end RGW Encoder MSANVDSL2 BNG
Network Metro Backbone Termination WDM Transport WDM WDM Transport WDM GPON
New IMS Enabled RG supporting SIP and RTSP control signalling to RACS and IMS Core Simplify the STB configuration and client functionality A Standard based approach for Video Admission Control and BW Management Simplifying IP TV Middleware through Standard based value-add application creations A Scalable network solution for future converged services in an access agnostic fashion
NETWORKS20008 60 IMS As a Transformation Catalyst for IP TV Middleware
Scalable Platform Scalability Issues Simplified Process With Vertical Platform
Standard based Custom build Middleware, STBs, RG Middleware
Faster development of Long Lead Time for IMS As A Catalyst Value-add applications Value-add applications
Easier Integration with Complex Integration Multi vendor products
Expensive Upgrade Over time Economical Upgrade
Current Middleware IMS Based Middleware
NETWORKS20008 61 IP TV Performance Measures
Quality of Experience (QoE) Quality of Service (QoS) QoE is one or more measure of QoS is one or more measure of the total communication and desired performance and priorities entertainment experience from the through the IP TV Communication perspective of end users System Key Measures Include - Key Measures Include- service availability service availability, service integrity maximum bit error rate (BER), –audio and video fidelity minimum committed bit rate (CBR) Types of programming, packet Loss and Latency ability to use the system easily Performance The value of interactive services.
NETWORKS20008 62 Service and Transport QoS Model
VoBB IP TV Video HSI Applications Calling IP Telephony
Services ASP Bus Internet Fixed IP E LAN E Line IP WAN IP MAN Multimedia Telephony
Triplay NSP POTS Layer 2 Services IP VPN Service Models Services Services emulation
IP VPN Classes
Service Classes ASP Service Classes
Transport and Control Classes
Service QoS Transport QoS Examples Elements Expedited Transport QoS Queue and Guaranteed Elements Premium Scheduler Standard Core DSLAM SE 1200 CG Router ACCESS IP EDGE IP CORE Backbone
NETWORKS20008 63 Transport Class Application Mapping
BE= Best Effort EF= Expedited Forwarding AF= Assured Forwarding NC= Network Control FC = Forwarding Class H2 = High L2 = Low
NETWORKS20008 64 Transport Classes Example
Common Transport Class Primary Characteristics Indicative Performance targets per Node Name
Delay Loss Jitter
Expedited TCexpedited Very Short Queue <1ms <0.1% in bytes <1ms Highest Customer Priority Strictly Enforced Rates
Guaranteed TCguaranteed Medium Queues <200ms <0.1% <200ms Reliable delivery even if delayed
Premium TCpremium Small Queues <100ms <0.5% <50ms Hi Latency Sensitive Apps Low Discard Preference
TCpremium High Discard Preference <5% Lo
Standard TCstandard Deep Queues <500ms <1% <200ms Hi Low Discard Preference
TCstandard High Discard Preference <5% Lo
NETWORKS20008 65 Some Key Design Considerations to
Deliver QoE Page 66
Service Availability Service Quality and Useability Guarantee
z Channel Change Performance Improving Service z Video Resource Satisfaction for the User Optimisation Reducing Packet Loss zSubscriber Aware Reducing Retransmission Resource management Fixing video frame errors z Distributed VOD to Video Application reduce core network Quality Monitoring congestion Objective z Fast Routing Subjective Convergence Video Quality Metrics zSpeeding up IGP zDual PIM Joint Media Delivery Index (MDI) V Factor IP TV Performance KPIs
NETWORKS20008 66 Example A : When QoE is not Met IP Video Quality Distortion
Source : Picture adopted From IP TV Network Testing, ALTHOS Inc 2008
NETWORKS20008 67 Example B : When QoE is not met Video Object Retention
Source : Picture adopted From IP TV Network Testing, ALTHOS Inc 2008
NETWORKS20008 68 User Channel Change Performance
Service Availability and Useability
Recommended Values
Acceptable E2E Delay - 1 second total,
Key Contributors to channel change delay Processing the channel change request in the set top box, Sending a IGMP join message to the nearest multicast router that is carrying the channel, Channel rights validation, Adding the device to the multicast routing table, Filling up the channel buffer for the new channel, Source : Picture adopted Presenting the media to the viewer From IP TV Network Testing, ALTHOS Inc 2008
NETWORKS20008 69 Service Channel Change Performance Availability and Improvement Option Useability
STB
AN BNG Core Network ISP VOD key servers STB frame “x” second video buffer per channel
How to improve channel change delay performance ? Enhanced IP Edge IGMP handling can bring down channel change delay latency in the order of 10 ms But at the application level video codec typically needs to wait for the next I-frame before displaying a full picture (intermediate frames or delta frames does not convey the full picture info) The Edge Router or Access Node can provide an accelerated unicast delivery starting with a recent I-frame for rapid decoding.
NETWORKS20008 70 “Alternative Packet” Stream for Low Network-Impact
Instant Channel Change Service Availability and Useability
Two Options
Create Alternate Stream at the encoder -Higher quality source from which to build key frames -More bandwidth used through the core network -Less computationally intensive
Create Alternate Stream at the IP Edge -Less traffic is used through the core network -Much more computationally intensive.
NETWORKS20008 71 Video Resource Optimization - Subscriber Aware Resource
Management Service Three levels of congestion points Availability and – The port level identified by a node identifier, slot number, and a port number Useability – Access node level congestion point identified by SVLAN – The residential gateway level identified customer VLAN.
PM CAC Server
5 GE 1/1 2
RGW AN 1 PC STB TV CPE DSLAM BNG 10.1.1.1 Video Middleware Server
1. VOD request from set-top box at 10.1.1.1 to Middleware 2. Middleware requests from CAC server VOD bandwidth for 10.1.1.1 3. CAC server accepts stream if requested bandwidth does not cause total VOD traffic bandwidth to exceed the maximum traffic bandwidth for GE 1/1 port 4. CAC server denies request if bandwidth exceeded 5. On accept, PM configures QoS policies on BNG 6. When VOD complete, middleware informs CAC server to release bandwidth reservation
NETWORKS20008 72 Current Video On Demand Services
Current On Demand Services Limited by Existing Network Capabilities – No Real Time Return Channel; Return Based on Dial Up – On Demand Content + Metadata Delivered Via Broadcast Infrastructure – Content Authorisation Based on Broadcast Conditional Access Pay TV Operator Box Office (Current NVoD Service) – Current Implementation = Staggered Broadcast Delivery – Content Metadata Delivered to STB using EPG / Carousels – Authorization Implemented using Broadcast Pay Per View Model – Advantages: Works with non IP Enabled STBs – Issues: Staggered Delivery Means Delay from Order to Viewing Push VoD (Current On Demand Service) – Current Implementation = Broadcast via Hidden Channels to STB Hard Drive – Content Metadata Delivered to STB using Carousels – Authorization Implemented using Broadcast Pay Per View Model – Advantages: Works with non IP Enabled STBs – Issues: Additional STB Hard Drive Space Required for Movie Storage Does not scale to Large Numbers of Titles
NETWORKS20008 73 Future VoD Delivery Model
Next Gen On Demand Services can Leverage IP Delivery – Real Time Interactive Signaling Via IP – Content Can be Browsed Interactively – Vod Unicast Model for Content Delivery PayTV Operator’s Box Office (Current NVoD Service) – Use IP Enabled Content Distribution Service : Implement as VoD Based Movies on Demand Service – Advantages: No Delay from Order to Viewing Consistent Interface / User Experience for All On Demand Services Single Infrastructure For All On Demand Services Push VoD (Current On Demand Service) – Use IP Enabled Content Distribution Service : Implement as VoD Based MoD / SVoD Service – Advantages: Cost Savings over Unicast VoD + Push VoD Hybrid Single Infrastructure For All On Demand Services
NETWORKS20008 74 Distributed VOD to reduce network Service congestion Availability and Useability Content
BNG
AN Core IP AN Network ISP VOD AN servers NAS
Storage of Video Content as Adjunct to IP Edge
Architecture Synopsis- To help mitigate the effect of large amounts of unicast traffic on the network, popular content may be stored at the IP edge. Content may be actively pre-delivered or transparently cached.
NETWORKS20008 75 A Movie Title Distribution Example Service Availability and Useability
•20 Titles = 10% of all views, 60 Titles = 15%, 100 Titles = 25% •500 Titles = 50% of all views •10% VoD Peak Concurrency
NETWORKS20008 76 Fast Routing Convergence for Failure Service Detection Availability and Useability
Forwarding Plane Routing PIM Detection Protocol LDP
Key IGP Features to support fast convergence of the Routing Protocols ¾ IGP (OSPF & ISIS) is implemented with a ”fall back” to timer SPF calculation in case of network instability ¾ IGP (OSPF & ISIS) is implemented in a ”event driven” mode to allow for immidiate SPF calculation ¾ PIM is implemented in an enhanced mode to remember join & leave messages from unexpected interfaces in a ring topology ¾ LDP implementation enhanced to advertise all labels to everybody, and make it the responsibility of the receiver to discard labels.
NETWORKS20008 77 Service PIM Dual Join Summary Availability and Useability
MPLS FRR Provisioning PIM Dual Join Provisioning
Primary LSP Primary LSP
Backup LSP Primary LSP
Primary LSP
MPLS FRR PIM DUAL JOIN
NETWORKS20008 78 Service PIM Dual Join Availability and Useability PIM Dual Join Strategy – Reuse lessons learned from multicast high-availability financial networks – Receivers join the multicast stream from 2 different places – Move this responsibility to the IP Edge, the last IP aware replication point before the multicast receiver. – Keep IP Edge network as is from a routing & provisioning perspective, no need for MPLS just to transport multicast. Key Benefits – Static PIM Join for low latency channel join – Dynamic ASM to SSM conversion – Easy provisioning; the configuration is local to the IP edge – Will NOT increase traffic on any links in case of failure – Fast channel switchover in case of failure, due to local decision – Will be 50msec. or better in both Link as well as Node failure.
NETWORKS20008 79 Signalling Protocol Choice for Service MPLS FRR Availability and Useability Signalling Protocol Pros Cons LDP Simple protocol requiring simple Relies on IGP for routing information configuration convergence in order of a few seconds Label distribution happens automatically (jeopardising 99.999% availability) No recovery mechanisms for 50ms link failure recovery No support of traffic-engineering paths
RSVP-TE End-to-end traffic-engineered paths With large number of LSPs required for a full End-to-end LSP protection using MPLS- mesh with LSRs bearing brunt of RSVP signalling TE Fast Re-Route (MPLS FRR) features traffic providing 50ms failover Administrative burden with LSP configuration on Ability to use bandwidth reservation along each Router paths
Protocol of Choice LDP over RSVP-TE To achieve available targets, neither RSVP or LDP can be used in isolation Hybrid solution of LDP tunnelling over RSVP tunnels is to be used Reduction/elimination of LSP mesh requirements Reduced provisioning requirements MPLS FRR can be used on individual RSVP tunnels More scalable than using RSVP tunnels only
Biggest Benefit of Multicast over MPLS P2MP delivery is High Availability with MPLS FRR To Compete with this Multicast delivery based on PIM need to be able to recover in less than 50msec 80 NETWORKS20008 80 LSP Design – PE to Core Router Service (Ladder) Availability and Useability Failure Scenarios – LSPs originating from PE Example using CRS-1 IP Core
81 NETWORKS20008 81 Service PIM Fast Convergence w. Dual Joins Availability and Useability MC Flow Primary RPF Interface Secondary RPF Interface SE-2 SE-3
BNG
A IHR-1 BNG DSLAM A IHS-1 Core-1 AN AA PIM static join AA Core-2 both directions IHS-2 IHR-2 PC AA X BNG DSLAM VHO SE-4 Set-Top TV BNG AN
AN SE-1 IGMP dynamic join
¾ Multicast Recovery is unrelated to IGP Fast Convergence ¾ Multicast Recovery is now a matter of a local repair time.
NETWORKS20008 82 PIM Dual Join – Test Results Service Availability and Useability Agg. 1
IP Edge
BFD TV
Video Server LoS BFD Agg. 2 Test Setup: • Test done with “Static” PIM Join, IGMPv2 & IGMPv3 F: 11.6msec F: 48.7msec • IGMP ASM to PIM SSM translation Static Join R: 0msec R: 0msec • BFD: multiplier = 3, Tx & Rx = 10msec • Multicast traffic rate: 10,000 packets/sec • IP Edge send “primary” (S,G) PIM join to Agg. 1 • IP Edge send “secondary” (S,G) PIM join to Agg. 2 F: 8.0msec F: 43.7msec IGMPv.2 R: 0msec R: 0msec Test Failure: • Introduce link failure between IP Edge & Agg. 1 • Introduce Agg. 1 Node failure F: 12.2msec F: 46.2msec IGMPv.3 Test Measurement: R: 0msec R: 0msec • Monitor the Multicast traffic switchover when failure • Monitor the Multicast traffic switchover when recovery
NETWORKS20008 83 Service Quality Reducing Video Packet Loss Guarantee
STB Live multicast stream
AN Core IP BNG Network ISP VOD packet servers STB
“x” second video buffer per channel
Why there could be Packet loss and what is the best way to handle this ?
¾ DSL lines are prone to intermittent interferences that can cause significant packet drop over a period of time that can not be compensated by FEC (especially when optimized for throughput) ¾ Enhance the IP Edge Router to maintain a sliding window of video buffer for each multicast video channel. ¾ The IP Edge Router can retransmit dropped packets in unicast to the STB without impacting network bandwidth and with a low latency to accommodate short buffers at STB
NETWORKS20008 84 Service Quality Packet Retransmission Guarantee
STB
BNG Core IP Network ISP VOD servers STB
Video Buffer
What is the most efficient way to handle packet retransmission ?
– The Set-top box implements an R-UDP protocol that utilizes a negative acknowledgement (N-ACK) or RTP Retransmission Extensions to indicate lost packets – The IP Edge (BNG) receives the retransmission request from the set-top box and retransmits the indicated packet or range of packets from the video buffer via unicast
NETWORKS20008 85 Dynamic Forward Error Correction Service Quality Guarantee 8 Mbps HD + 1Mbps 8 Mbps HD stream
8Mbps HD Core IP Network ISP VOD + 400kbps BNG servers
Calculation of FEC packets
What is the most efficient way to handle Packet Loss ? – FEC is method for generating redundant packets, to be used in the event of packet loss. Depending on line conditions and available bandwidth, different amounts of FEC may be appropriate for different residences. – FEC can be layered, but optimal FEC for video is un-equal (some frames are more protected than others). – Generated FEC at IP Edge can save up to 30% of core bandwidth – QOS tagging can also be used to mark less important packets
NETWORKS20008 86 Service Quality WRED applied to Video Guarantee
Guaranteed for key frames
FEC frames Delta frames Lowest pri Medium pri
Queue shaper
What is the best way to handle video congestion ? – All frames of the same flow (Ordered Aggregate) will remain in the same queue to avoid out of order issues – WRED allows for differential treatments of the frames in the same video flows if congestion happens – Allows to max out resolution and FEC but trim to the minimum when line condition degrades
NETWORKS20008 87 Service Quality IP TV Performance KPIs Guarantee
User Requirements on System Performance (KPI Values)
System Service KPI:s Service Service Service Change Menu Completion Drop Speech Audio Video Access Time Accessibility Success Ratio Interaction Rate Rate Quality Quality Quality
User Accessibility view User Retainability view User Integrity view
Observability Requirements on Monitoring User ttaa Data e DDaa aanncce Traffic ormrm Data rfrfo PPee onn leeccttiio Infrastructure oolll Data CC
NETWORKS20008 88 Service Quality IP TV KPI Examples Guarantee
IP TV Media Quality IP TV Channel Change Media Quality Metrics can be measured using Media The parameter IPTV Channel Switching Time describes Delivery Index ( MDI) Industry Standard (RFX 4445) the time it takes (in seconds) to switch from one TV endorsed by IP Video Quality Alliance. MDI has two channel to another (aka channel zapping). The duration is parts : measured from the request to change the channel is sent Delay Factor (DF) : Used establish jitter buffer margins and warn of impending packet loss by the client until the channel switch request is completed. Media Loss Rate (MLR) : The number of media Key KPI Values – packets could be lost or misordered per second Acceptable delay 1 second total, end to end Target multicast leave/join delay 10 -200 ms Key KPI Values- Other KPIs Service ( All Codecs) - Maximum acceptable Delay IPTV Portal Information Retrieval Time [s] Factor 9 to 50 ms and Minimum acceptable 0 IPTV Service Access Time [s] IPTV Content on Demand Access Time [s] Codec Services - Maximum acceptable average MLR per second IPTV Content on Demand Access Success Ratio [%] SDTV 0.004 IPTV Content on Demand Completion Ratio [%] HDTV 0.004 VOD 0.005 IPTV Content on Demand Control Response Time [s] Typical target for SD TV 1 packet dropped per 30 mins
NETWORKS20008 89 Summary – Delivering IP TV Services with QoE The integrated IP transcoded solution at the Head-End would reduce equipment footprint and improve compression performance compared to the equivalent decode/re-encode solution. Important data elements such as Teletext, close captioning, active format descriptions and wide screen signalling are preserved in the Integrated Transcoding case
Variable GOP length in MPEG 4 could be a significant challenge to deliver deterministic IP TV channel change performance. A standard based solution is recommended to expedite frame processing at the encoder and the set top box
A standard based IMS IP TV middleware solution could solve today’s middleware scalability, performance and vertical integration issues
MPLS FRR using RSVP TE in LDP Tunnel and/or PIM Dual Join could meet 50 ms failover requirements in a triple play network
IP TV Services and network infrastructures must be benchmarked against a set of IP TV performance KPIs to meet user accessibility, retainbility and integrity requirements
A distributed VOD architecture with strategic placement of content caching in the network could ensure optimised network resource usage in a triple play deployment
NETWORKS20008 90 IP TV Network Testing Why IP TV Testing ?
To Deliver Customer To Ensure Efficient To be able to Predict Satisfaction Network Utilisation Service/Network Faults
Content offered of very high quality Network bandwidth usage is Determine the design pitfalls Quality of Service (QoS) Delivered Optimised with networks and services Feature working as per customer Identify key engineering and Estimate the occurrence of expectations scaling limits unwanted conditions Reduce Operational Costs in managing Forward planning of network Find potential workarounds to services and services elements avoid known faults
Monitor and Adjust Identify Opportunities for Deliver on Service Level Services for Continual Future Revenues Agreements (SLAs) Improvement Develop of awareness of services and products that could earn more revenues Define key terms and conditions Measure customer satisfactions Reduce Opex by improving service of SLAs with the customers with service offerings delivery and rollout processes Deliver User Quality of Determine what improvements Determine ways to increase customer Experience (QoS) as per SLAs will be required satisfactions Provide feedback to improve on Adjust services to ensure they Determine specific customer needs and SLAs deliver higher customer buying patterns satisfaction
NETWORKS20008 92 IP TV Test Challenges
Mixed Media – Video and Audio signal processing functions can result in different amounts of delay or loss quality resulting in acceptable quality of one type of signal, while other type of signal has unacceptable quality Content Dependent – Some types of content look good, while other types of content look bad given the same level of network impairments Multiple Conversions – Content may be converted multiple times between its high quality format and when the media is received by the viewing device eg. Set-top box Content Protection – Content may be scrambled and encrypted as part of the End to End Encryption system Error Concealments – Codec may generate information that replaces the data with error
NETWORKS20008 93 IP TV Testing Considerations
Performance Testing Interoperability Testing Multilayer Testing
Perform measurements and Test and measure operational parameters Perform measurements or observations of a device or during specific modes of operation. observations of a network or service or system with other system with different functional Determine if the device or service is devices of a similar type or with levels such as physical, link, operating within its designed operational devices that have been transport , session and service parameters. designed with industry standards layers Can be performed over time to determine if spec Example IMS interface to a system is developing operational Example of middleware and network and service layer problems. STB client
Service Capacity Load Testing Stress Testing Testing
Test engineering limits of Test the services at defined rates such as devices or services under Test the maximum amount of resources that can be effectively used for near or at maximum designed capacity operational conditions that are transmission of functions within a system limits. near or above their design and network Verify, whether a system will meet or limitations. Example a data network may be exceed its performance requirements during Determine how a network or monitored for several days to determine system will operate under loaded the capacity and transmission delay of high-capacity operating conditions. routers and switches in the network. or failed conditions.
NETWORKS20008 94 IP TV Stress testing - Realistic Conditions
Systems Under Test BNG AN Core IP STB MPLS Network ISP VOD Simulate Triple Play servers Simulate Many on IP/MPLS STB Set Top Boxes
Generate Triple Play Traffic Measure Per Subscriber QoE Scale Testing
¾ Simulate many thousands subscribers and hundreds of multicast and unicast IP TV channels concurrently ¾ Different Video Traffic profiles MPEG2, MPEG4, SD and HD Traffic Subscriber interactivity simulation Testing ¾ Support Various subscriber profiles – Channel changing, HTTP VOD requests Combining Multi Services ASP Triple Play Traffic ¾ Generate Thousands of concurrent VoIP, IP TV, High Speed Internet and Interactive Gaming traffic IP TV Video Server Testing ¾ Generate Thousands of concurrent SD and HD videos on demand subscribers at a certain peak load to ¾ Verify performance characteristics of the VoD Servers
NETWORKS20008 95 IP TV Quality Performance Parameters
Content Quality Measurements IP TV Network Measurements Media Delay Factors Packet Loss Rate Frame Counts Packet Discard Rate Frame Loss Rate Packet Latency Media Loss Rate Packet Jitter Buffer Time Packet Delay Variation Rebuffer Events How IP TV How accurately Out of Order Packets stream is affected Rebuffer Time the Media is Gap Loss by the performance TS Rate displayed Packet Gap and operations PS Rate to the user ? Route Flapping of the network? Clock Rate Jitter Loss of Signals Jitter Discards Bit Error Rate Compression Ratio Connection Success Rate Image Entropy Line Rate Missing Channels Streaming Rate Channel Map PTS Error PCR Error TS Error Program Clock Errors MDI – Media Delivery Index to measure Content and Network
NETWORKS20008 96 VoD Server Testing Using MDI Method
Key MDI Measurement Parameters – MDIDF- Media Delay Factor MDR -Media Loss as Defined in RFC 4445
Maximum Video Server Throughput – 225 X 3.75 Mbps = 845.75 Mbps
Per Stream Statistics
NETWORKS20008 97 Video Quality Measurement Using V- Factor
A score of 1 to 5 used to measure Video Quality
Content influence Enhancement In VQ Testing Include MPEG Stream Type (I, P, B) Quantizer Level Codec Type
NETWORKS20008 98 Service Model based approach Test Measurement and Monitoring (TM&M) equipment will be used to measure performance of all types of services delivery Video – Linear and VoD Voice IPTV Streaming and file based Data User Services Non-IP TV Video via Streaming, HTTP, Peer to Peer Methods, Signalling traffic – RTSP, IGMP Performance
Quality of Experience
Quality of Service
Head-end End User / Packet Core consumer Video Distribution Ethernet Aggregation statistics Middleware ADSL Access DRM system Middleware
End User Data & Traffic Video Content Control Network Transport Transport Stream Stream Data collected IGMP Latency MOS: Network Impairments: TR290: with probes RTSP Latency Picture Quality Packet Loss PCR Jitter Infrastructure Data based Channel Switching Time Blocking Jitter PTS sync on Fault & Performance IPTV Content on Demand Blurring Delay Sync Loss information Retrieval Success Ratio [%] Visual Noise Continuity Errors IPTV Portal Information Audio Drop-outs Retrieval Success Ratio [%] ....
NETWORKS20008 99 Basic VoD Monitoring
HEADEND NETWORK CUSTOMER
Catcher VoD server ASI V A IP backbone Distribution network (SPTS/MPTS) A
MONITORING PROBES
E NOC
Video Analyser NMS/OSS & Customer Support Systems
NETWORKS20008 100 Basic Live Monitoring
HEADEND NETWORK CUSTOMER
SDI ASI ASI A A
IP backbone Distribution EMP (SPTS/MPTS) network A EMP
EMP
MONITORING PROBES
NOC E
Video Analyser NMS/OSS & Customer Support Systems
NETWORKS20008 101 IP TV Test Equipment Choices
Network Impairment Video Analyser MPEG Generator Monitor
Receive and evaluate video signals Create or simulate operational Capable of evaluating multiple types of Create signals to simulate the or communication impairments for media formats such as MPEG2, MPEG4, source (headend) of a the device under test VC-1, VC-6 Broadcast TV Produce jitter, latency, burst Analyse the stream rates, bit rates, display Create SPTS or MPTS loss, packet loss, out of order motion vectors, quantizer values, frame Insert or adjust the error rate packets, route flapping and link rates, frame counts to simulate common network failures to simulate fault Measure various types of errors such as impairments conditions bit rate, frame loss rate
Network Monitoring Protocol Analysers Test Clients Tools
May be installed on the STB to Analyse protocol data in promiscuous and monitor performance conditions Analyse network alarms and listening mode can determine packet losses, performance data Used for problem determinations monitor packet jitter, and analyze Can detect trouble in interoffice, their impact on the display of the Analyse packets independent of loop and switching systems destination address video
NETWORKS20008 102 IP TV Test Considerations How Lab testing could model the real world deployment ? – Service Emulation for application layer QoE testing Voice and Video services emulated with data Testing could include channel change, a broad mix of motions, colour ranges, scene changing and special effects Emulate different TV users behaviours Interactive simulation of VoD and Web TV – Multiple Consumer Use Cases in normal and stressed simulated environments Too many subscribers are requesting for video titles from the VoD servers Testing of Video Call Admission Control performance Network behaviour under video congestion Client software download performance on hundreds and thousands of STBs from Middleware server Simulate real subscriber behaviour by automated simulated button presses from a physical remote control How IP TV Service could be measured and monitored in post deployment period ? – Place Monitoring Equipment at various points of the IP TV network At the Head End- Demux, Decode, Transcode, rate conversion, A-D Conversion, Encoded MPEG in Storage At the Storage – Video Server, Ad Server At the Content Processing Point – Encryption, Live MPEG Video &Audio for IP Multicast At Network Domain – Core, IP Edge, Aggregation, DSLAMs, STBs – When and Where Video Quality Be Measured ? At the Headend, At the Acquisition As Content enters the Distribution Network At the Core, IP Edge and Aggregation Network At the CPE Devices- Home GW, STBs
NETWORKS20008 103 IP TV Testing Summary
IP TV Test Challenges are significant due to mixed media, multiple conversion, error concealments and from content protection IP TV Testing must conform with established standards and best practices. Testing will be required 1. At a Video Quality Level, through Signal Testing ( OSI L7-L8) 2. At a network, QoS Level, through data testing ( OSI L1-L4) 3. At a QoE Level through Application Performance Testing (OSI L4-L7)
Lab testing must model the real world deployment. Equipments used are Video Analysers, MPEG Generators, Protocol Analysers and Network Impairment monitors
IP TV Services must be measured and monitored by placing network probes at various parts of the IP TV network in a post deployment period.
NETWORKS20008 104 IP TV Future Direction Ericsson’s TV Vision of Converged Services and Service Creations
Why IMS ? •Higher Scaling •Standard Based Solution •Service Delivery Platform •Integration Ease •Improved Useability
NETWORKS20008 106 The different IPTV concepts
TV on demand More than one TV Start over TV
All programs broadcast by the eight The possibility of using Time Shift The viewer can rewind a TV most common TV channels are stored and/or Video on Demand on more program approx 15 min and for up to five days by the service than one TV device in the home watch it from the beginning. provider.
Picture in Picture HDTV NPVR Time Shift
The film/program is stored by the The viewer can pause a TV The possibility of viewing two HDTV brings much more picture service provider and the viewer is able program and continue viewing it separate windows on the TV clarity and detail, plus a wider picture to access it whenever he/she chooses. later. Also possible to rewind and screen: e.g. TV in one and and better sound. fast-forward. surf/chat in the other, two different TV channels etc.
NETWORKS20008 107 The Personalized TV Roadmap Towards a Converged World Step 3 Step 2 Full Convergence Step 1 Multi-access
Step 0 Multi-play
IPTV
Broadband – QoS and Scalability IMS enabling communications and end user services IPTV Standardization – future proof migration
NETWORKS20008 108 Opening the access to multi-devices Shift from manage closed environment to open access
Access content from a larger set of devices (multi-STB, PC, 1st generation Integrated Console, Mobile) => Need IPTV IAD Proprietary standard 1st generation IPTV often restricted to single stream SDTV
NETWORKS20008 109 Expand TV service offerings
More than one TV
Start over TV
TV on demand NPVR The market is ready HDTV
Time Shift/VOD
Picture in Picture Could include TV Program and Internet Surfing in two screens Cost control
Personalization Voting “Moving to Future” Messaging & presence (IMS as a key technology Enabler)
NETWORKS20008 110 IMS Value Proposition
Enrich Call Presence Services
1. Identity the users based on post-code, 1. Extend multimedia conference such as Video demography profile and group preference. sharing, file sharing, white board on TV. 2. Insert targeted ads to personalize customer 2. Extend TV viewing experience with picture in experience with IP TV. picture by offering TV Widgets and Sidebars
Enhanced Messaging Personal Phone book
1. Ability to create a personal phone book for 1. Ability to handle Multimedia messaging from TV each customer linking all subscribed services 2. supporting instant messaging, text, image, and calling preferences. sound, video and other multimedia files on the 2. Services included but not limited to : Fixed TV screen. and Mobile access, broadband data and TV services. 3. Allow search and calling capabilities based on multimedia ID and destination calling ID on both fixed and mobile access
NETWORKS20008 111 Convergence and Ease of Service Creation Seen as Key IMS Benefits
Ability to offer fixed mobile 58% convergence-based services Being a natural feature of IMS, ease of service creation has Ease of new service creation 58% been topping the list for some time Availability of rich media services 53% Our respondents—some of on a single platform whom are offering UMA-based Enhanced presence-based services 42% FMC voice services—see FMC services as going
Better interoperability for diverse networks 37% beyond voice – Multimedia FMC services Improved service integration 37%
Benefits and management Offering service transparency 32% across multiple devices
Ease of session management 26%
Enhancing subscriber experience 16%
Offering standards-based services 16%
0% 20% 40% 60% Source : Adapted from Infonetics Service Provider Plan for IMS Percent of Respondents Rating 6 or 7 August 2008 Study Highlights
NETWORKS20008 112 Key Standardization Drivers for IP TV
Today the market is characterized by: IPTV Fragmented Standards, Fragmented Market and Proprietary Solutions Convergence will enable new and Service Layer innovative consumer experiences Open Standards will drive down Costs and consumer Complexity, it will also promote IMS - Control e2e Layer Volume of capable devices and Innovations Transport http://www.openiptvforum.org/docs/OpenIP TV-Functional_Architecture-V1_1-2008-01- CPE - Home Devices 15_APPROVED.pdf
NETWORKS20008 113 Ericsson’s IMS IP TV- A Standard Based Solution
NETWORKS20008 114 Enhanced Messaging Personal Phone IMS Roadmap – A Viable Business Case book Enrich Call Presence Common AAA, Services Common IN RACS Framework Picture sharing Applications for Fixed IMS based IP TV and Mobile Session Control Personalized Delivering Fixed Calls IMS Enabled And Converged On Mobile Handset Content Delivery Services TSS and MSS A Common Session Scalability Control for Fixed and IMS based IP TV IMS Features Mobile and Fixed Mobile Centrex Voice VPN Converged IMS Solution For all types HSS for AAA Of Telephony MRF, CSCF application Interworking, IMS for Fixed Multimedia Telephony And Mobile ld Telephony or W ed erg IMS for Broadband nv VoIP Co ble ala Sc ard ow Example: IP TV Progression y T ne ur For an existing Ericsson Jo A IMS Customer 2007+2008 2009 2010 2010+
NETWORKS20008 115 Future Direction Conclusions IMS Platform Evolution for All Types of Telephony – Make sure IMS works for Broadband VoIP and Fixed IP Telephony First! – Develop VoIP siganlling, conferencing, Presence and Location services to decommission legacy IN and PSTN infrastructure rapidly – A common IMS based Session Control for Fixed and Mobile Telephony
Upgrade IMS Platform to Enable IP TV Applications – IMS IP TV Platform must scale up with the service build up – Make sure IMS IP TV Middleware is scalable and deployed in a cost effective way – Ensure that, IP TV Applications are developed based on Open TV Standardisation – Simplify Set Top Box functionality using IMS enabled RG – Demonstrate an echo-system with efficient multi vendor environment The future : A Converged World – PersonalizationÎ Your content, Adverstivement – Time and place shift will be key
NETWORKS20008 116 Finally …. The Key Messages
Operators’ business model Emerging – 1) Incumbent owned, 2) A collaborative approach with infrastructure managed by a white label infrastructure entity
High Availability and Resilient Triple Play Network Design Consideration
User Quality of Experience with Mixed Media is equally dependent both on Services and Network Parts
End to End QoS Management and Network control is a necessity for service differentiation in the network
IMS as the IP TV future to deliver middleware scalability and service convergence
NETWORKS20008 117 Abbreviations
ASI Asynchronous Serial Interface ATIS Alliance of Telecommunications Industry Solutions (USA) http://www.atis.org/ DVB Digital Video Broadcast http://www.dvb.org/ DVB-C Digital Video Broadcast for Cable DVB-H Digital Video Broadcast for Handheld DVB- S Digital Video Broadcast for Satellite DVB-T Digital Video Broadcast for Terrestrial FC-Fast Convergence FEC – Forward Error Correction FRR- Fast Re-Routing IRD Integrated Receiver/Decoder SDI – Serial Data Interface ETSI – European Telecommunication Standard Interface http://www.pda.etsi.org/pda/queryform.asp/ HGI – Home Gateway Initiative http://www.homegatewayinitiative.org IPI – IP Protocol Infrastructure IRD- Integrated Receiver/Decoder IMS- IP Multimedia Services MDI – Media Delivery Index MLR- Media Loss Rate MPLS – Multi Protocol Level Switching MPTS- Multi-Programme Transport Stream NGN- Next Generation Network QoE – Quality of Experience RTP- Real Time Protocol RSVP – Resource Reservation Protocol RTSP – Real Time Transport Protocol SDI –Serial Data Interface SPTS- Serial Program Transport Stream TS – MPEG Transport Stream TE – Traffic Engineering UDP- User Datagram Protocol
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