The Search for the Rule of Law in Russia*
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Questions to Russian Archives – Short
The Raoul Wallenberg Research Initiative RWI-70 Formal Request to the Russian Government and Archival Authorities on the Raoul Wallenberg Case Pending Questions about Documentation on the 1 Raoul Wallenberg Case in the Russian Archives Photo Credit: Raoul Wallenberg’s photo on a visa application he filed in June 1943 with the Hungarian Legation, Stockholm. Source: The Hungarian National Archives, Budapest. 1 This text is authored by Dr. Vadim Birstein and Susanne Berger. It is based on the paper by V. Birstein and S. Berger, entitled “Das Schicksal Raoul Wallenbergs – Die Wissenslücken.” Auf den Spuren Wallenbergs, Stefan Karner (Hg.). Innsbruck: StudienVerlag, 2015. S. 117-141; the English version of the paper with the title “The Fate of Raoul Wallenberg: Gaps in Our Current Knowledge” is available at http://www.vbirstein.com. Previously many of the questions cited in this document were raised in some form by various experts and researchers. Some have received partial answers, but not to the degree that they could be removed from this list of open questions. 1 I. FSB (Russian Federal Security Service) Archival Materials 1. Interrogation Registers and “Prisoner no. 7”2 1) The key question is: What happened to Raoul Wallenberg after his last known presence in Lubyanka Prison (also known as Inner Prison – the main investigation prison of the Soviet State Security Ministry, MGB, in Moscow) allegedly on March 11, 1947? At the time, Wallenberg was investigated by the 4th Department of the 3rd MGB Main Directorate (military counterintelligence); -
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SAPIR A JOURNAL OF JEWISH CONVERSATIONS THE ISSUE ON POWER ELISA SPUNGEN BILDNER & ROBERT BILDNER RUTH CALDERON · MONA CHAREN MARK DUBOWITZ · DORE GOLD FELICIA HERMAN · BENNY MORRIS MICHAEL OREN · ANSHEL PFEFFER THANE ROSENBAUM · JONATHAN D. SARNA MEIR SOLOVEICHIK · BRET STEPHENS JEFF SWARTZ · RUTH R. WISSE Volume Two Summer 2021 And they saw the God of Israel: Under His feet there was the likeness of a pavement of sapphire, like the very sky for purity. — Exodus 24: 10 SAPIR Bret Stephens EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Mark Charendoff PUBLISHER Ariella Saperstein ASSO CIATE PUBLISHER Felicia Herman MANAGING EDITOR Katherine Messenger DESIGNER & ILLUSTRATOR Sapir, a Journal of Jewish Conversations. ISSN 2767-1712. 2021, Volume 2. Published by Maimonides Fund. Copyright ©2021 by Maimonides Fund. No part of this journal may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Maimonides Fund. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. WWW.SAPIRJOURNAL.ORG WWW.MAIMONIDESFUND.ORG CONTENTS 6 Publisher’s Note | Mark Charendoff 90 MICHAEL OREN Trial and Triage in Washington 8 BRET STEPHENS The Necessity of Jewish Power 98 MONA CHAREN Between Hostile and Crazy: Jews and the Two Parties Power in Jewish Text & History 106 MARK DUBOWITZ How to Use Antisemitism Against Antisemites 20 RUTH R. WISSE The Allure of Powerlessness Power in Culture & Philanthropy 34 RUTH CALDERON King David and the Messiness of Power 116 JEFF SWARTZ Philanthropy Is Not Enough 46 RABBI MEIR Y. SOLOVEICHIK The Power of the Mob in an Unforgiving Age 124 ELISA SPUNGEN BILDNER & ROBERT BILDNER Power and Ethics in Jewish Philanthropy 56 ANSHEL PFEFFER The Use and Abuse of Jewish Power 134 JONATHAN D. -
Reallocating Power Under the New Russian Federation Code of Criminal Procedure Lauren Chen
NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND COMMERCIAL REGULATION Volume 30 | Number 2 Article 4 Winter 2004 Power Plays: Reallocating Power under the New Russian Federation Code of Criminal Procedure Lauren Chen Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj Recommended Citation Lauren Chen, Power Plays: Reallocating Power under the New Russian Federation Code of Criminal Procedure, 30 N.C. J. Int'l L. & Com. Reg. 429 (2004). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol30/iss2/4 This Comments is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Power Plays: Reallocating Power under the New Russian Federation Code of Criminal Procedure Cover Page Footnote International Law; Commercial Law; Law This comments is available in North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncilj/vol30/iss2/4 Power Plays: Reallocating Power Under the New Russian Federation Code of Criminal Procedure TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ........................................................................ 430 II. B ackground ........................................................................ 432 A. Criminal Procedure in the Soviet Union ................... 432 B. Criminal Procedure in the Russian Federation -
The Russian Job
The Russian Job The rise to power of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation “We did not reject our past. We said honestly: The history of the Lubyanka in the twentieth century is our history…” ~ Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev, Director of the FSB Between August-September 1999, a series of explosions in Russia killed 293 people: - 1 person dead from a shopping centre explosion in Moscow (31 st August) - 62 people dead from an apartment bombing in Buynaksk (4 th September) - 94 people dead from an apartment bombing in Moscow (9th September) - 119 people dead from an apartment bombing in Moscow (13 th September) - 17 people dead from an apartment bombing in Volgodonsk (16 th September) The FSB (Federal Security Service) which, since the fall of Communism, replaced the defunct KGB (Committee for State Security) laid the blame on Chechen warlords for the blasts; namely on Ibn al-Khattab, Shamil Basayev and Achemez Gochiyaev. None of them has thus far claimed responsibility, nor has any evidence implicating them of any involvement been presented. Russian citizens even cast doubt on the accusations levelled at Chechnya, for various reasons: Not in living memory had Chechen militias pulled off such an elaborated string of bombings, causing so much carnage. A terrorist plot on such a scale would have necessitated several months of thorough planning and preparation to put through. Hence the reason why people suspected it had been carried out by professionals. More unusual was the motive, or lack of, for Chechens to attack Russia. Chechnya’s territorial dispute with Russia predates the Soviet Union to 1858. -
Post-Soviet Political Party Development in Russia: Obstacles to Democratic Consolidation
POST-SOVIET POLITICAL PARTY DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA: OBSTACLES TO DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION Evguenia Lenkevitch Bachelor of Arts (Honours), SFU 2005 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS In the Department of Political Science O Evguenia Lenkevitch 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Evguenia Lenkevitch Degree: Master of Arts, Department of Political Science Title of Thesis: Post-Soviet Political Party Development in Russia: Obstacles to Democratic Consolidation Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Lynda Erickson, Professor Department of Political Science Dr. Lenard Cohen, Professor Senior Supervisor Department of Political Science Dr. Alexander Moens, Professor Supervisor Department of Political Science Dr. llya Vinkovetsky, Assistant Professor External Examiner Department of History Date DefendedlApproved: August loth,2007 The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the 'Institutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. -
The Red Terror in Russia
THE RED TERROR IN RUSSIA BY SERGEY PETROVICH MELGOUNOV A few of a party of nineteen ecclesiastics shot at Yuriev on January 1, 1918—amongst them Bishop Platon (1)—before their removal to the anatomical theatre at Yuriev University. [See p. 118.] TO THE READER ALTHOUGH, for good and sufficient reasons, the translator who has carefully and conscientiously rendered the bulk of this work into English desires to remain anonymous, certain passages in the work have been translated by myself, and the sheets of the manuscript as a whole entrusted to my hands for revision. Hence, if any shortcomings in the rendering should be discerned (as doubtless they will be), they may be ascribed to my fault alone. For the rest, I would ask the reader to remember, when passages in the present tense are met with, that most of this work was written during the years 1928 and 1924. C. J. HOGARTH. PREFACE SERGEY PETROVICH MELGOUNOV, author of this work, was born on December 25, 1879. The son of the well-known historian of the name, he is also a direct descendant of the Freemason who became prominent during the reign of Catherine the Great. Mr. Melgounov graduated in the Historical and Philological Faculty of the University of Moscow, and then proceeded to devote his principal study to the Sectarian movements of Russia, and to write many articles on the subject which, collated into book form, appeared under the title of The Social and Religious Movements of Russia during the Nineteenth Century, and constitute a sequel to two earlier volumes on Sectarian movements during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. -
The New Kremlinology: Understanding Regime Personalisation in Russia
The New Kremlinology: Understanding Regime Personalisation in Russia In the post-Cold War period, many previously democratising countries experienced authoritarian reversals whereby incumbent leaders took over and gravitated towards personalist rule. Scholars have predom- inantly focused on the authoritarian turn, as opposed to the type of authoritarian rule emerging from it. In a departure from accounts cen- tred on the failure of democratisation in Russia, this book’s argument begins from a basic assumption that the political regime of Vladimir Putin is a personalist regime in the making. How do regimes turn personalist? How do their rulers acquire and maintain personal control? Focusing on the politics within the Russian ruling coalition since 1999, The New Kremlinology explains the process of regime personalisation, that is, the acquisition of personal power by a political leader. The investigation is based on four components of regime personalisation: patronage networks, deinstitutionalisation, media personalisation, and establishing permanency in office. Drawing from comparative evidence and theories of personalist rule, the book explains how Putin’s patron- client network became dominant and how, subsequently, the Russian ruler elevated himself above his own ruling coalition. The lessons of the book extend beyond Russia and illuminate how other personalist regimes emerge and develop. Furthermore, the title of the book, The New Kremlinology, is chosen to emphasise not only the subject mat- ter, the what, but also the how — the battery of innovative methods employed to study the black box of non-democratic politics. Alexander Baturo is Associate Professor of Government at Dublin City University and Johan A. Elkink is Associate Professor in Social Science Research Methods at University College Dublin. -
Sergei Kovalev
Sergei Kovalev From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Young Sergei Kovalev Sergei Adamovich Kovalev (also spelt as Sergey Kovalyov; Russian: Сергей Адамович Ковалёв; born March 2, 1930) is a Russian human rights activist and politician and a former Soviet dissident and political prisoner. Early career and arrest Kovalev was born in the town of Seredina-Buda in Ukraine, near Sumy. In 1932, his family moved to Podlipki village near Moscow. In 1954 he graduated from Moscow State University. As a biophysicist, Kovalev authored more than 60 scientific publications. From mid-1950s, he opposed Trofim Lysenko's theories favored by the ruling Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1969, he founded the first Soviet human rights association, the Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR, and later became the principal link to the dissident movement in Lithuania. Kovalev actively participated in publication of samizdat periodicals such as Moscow-based Chronicle of Current Events and The Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania. He was arrested on December 8, 1974, and tried in Vilnius, charged with "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" (Article 70 of the RSFSR Penal Code) and served seven years in labor camps in Perm region and Chistopol prison, and later three years in internal exile at Kolyma. Upon his return, he settled in Kalinin (now Tver). During perestroika During perestroika initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev, Kovalev was allowed to return to Moscow (in 1986). In that period, he continued his activism and participated in the founding of several key humanitarian organizations and initiatives: The human rights society Memorial, dedicated to the memory and rehabilitation of victims of political repression in the USSR. -
Gender, Nation, and Modernity in Russia & Eastern
1 Gender, Nation, & Modernity in Russia & Eastern Europe Hilde Hoogenboom RUSS294-01/WGST294-03 Spring 2005 [email protected] MWF 2:20-3:20 HUM212 REVISED April 27, 2005 MWF 12-1 office hours Course Description Amazons or Anna Kareninas? Strong woman or femme fatale? Baba Yaga or Cinderella? Do strong women produce weak men? Are gender relations in Slavic nations really traditional? Quite dysfunctional? The construction of gender as an important difference in Russian and Eastern European cultures became particularly evident in the nineteenth-century, with the confluence of questions about nation, history, politics, society, education, and culture. In these nations, feminism has long been associated with westernization, and Western views of gender and of gender in these nations are an intricate part of their and our gender discourses. During the past twenty years, with the disintegration of the Soviet empire and now the reintegration of a Russian empire, these issues have again brought gender to the foreground in debates about nation and society. Traditionally, Russia, Ukraine, Belorus, the Baltic nations (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and the former Yugoslavia have tended to compare their level of civilization and standard of living, partly reflected by status of women, with each other over against that of the West (Europe and America). Recently, the social and political gains women made under socialism have been seriously eroded by the transitions to capitalism and democracy. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, women in all of these nations have created centers for the study of gender, many funded by Western governments and organizations in the quest to improve women’s representation in civil society and democracy through NGOs. -
The Failure of Democratization in Russia: a Comparative Perspective
Journal of Eurasian Studies 2 (2011) 40–51 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Eurasian Studies journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/euras The failure of democratization in Russia: A comparative perspective Alfred B. Evans California State Univ., Dept. of Political Science, United States article info abstract Article history: During the 1990s American leaders and many others in the West viewed Russia as the Received 6 September 2009 most important test case for a transition to democracy. Today the consensus of scholarly Accepted 19 December 2009 analyses in the West concludes that, if Russia did enter a transition to democracy, that transition was not successful. This article attempts to suggest some of the main lessons about democratization that may be derived from the study of the experience of post- communist Russia, seen in a comparative perspective. The thesis that the first competitive national election after the downfall of an authoritarian regime marks a decisive breakthrough for forces striving for democratization has not proved true for Russia. Yet the withering of democracy and the consolidation of a semi- authoritarian regime followed the period of competitive elections in Russia. In the early and mid-1990s scholars who had specialized in the study of communist regimes warned that the post-communist states would need to carry out radical economic and social changes as well as sweeping political transformation. In Russia, however, the consequences of a corrupted process of privatization of state assets were enormously damaging for the institutionalization of democracy. As was shown in a number of countries in the 1970s and 1980s, a strong civil society can play an important role in a nation’s transition to democracy. -
Cycling for the Common Good the Friend Independent Quaker Journalism Since 1843
10 August 2018 £2.00 theDISCOVER THE CONTEMPORARYFriend QUAKER WAY Cycling for the common good the Friend INDEPENDENT QUAKER JOURNALISM SINCE 1843 Contents VOL 176 NO 32 3 Thought for the Week: Cyclists arrrive Beauty and the predator Derek Guiton 4-5 News 6 Peace Hub Peter Doubtfire 7 Something to celebrate: Berkhamsted Marjorie Lazaro 8-9 Letters Photo: Isaac Peat. 10-11 Quakers, crime and the United Nations THE QUAKER CYCLIsts giving Marian Liebmann witness to their concern about ‘the 12 What is a friend? dismantling of the welfare state’ arrived at 10 Downing Street on 3 Margaret Roy August. 13 The heartbeat of time Those taking part in the ‘Ride Bernard Coote for Equality and the Common Good’ successfully completed the 14-15 Moscow diary: Marjorie Farquarson 360-mile journey, carrying their Alastair Hulbert Declaration, together with the stories on postcards of some of 16 Poem: those affected by welfare cuts. In Quaker Meeting The Ride for the Common Lesley Morris Good began at Swarthmoor Hall in Cumbria on 22 July. 17 Friends & Meetings Cover image: Photo: Jenny Tyldesley. See page 2 The Friend Subscriptions Advertising Editorial UK £88 per year by all payment Advertisement manager: Editor: types including annual direct debit; George Penaluna Ian Kirk-Smith monthly payment by direct debit [email protected] £7.40; online only £71 per year. Articles, images, correspondence For details of other rates, Tel 01535 630230 should be emailed to contact Penny Dunn on 54a Main Street, Cononley [email protected] 020 7663 1178 or [email protected] Keighley BD20 8LL or sent to the address below. -
CHILD SOLDIERS CHILD Girl Soldiers and Others Gathered at a Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Event in Tila, Rolpa District, Nepal
CHILD SOLDIERS Girl soldiers and others gathered at a Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) event in Tila, Rolpa district, Nepal. CHILD SOLDIERS Cover photo © Marcus Bleasdale 2005 The Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers was formed in May 1998 by leading non- governmental organizations to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers, both boys 2008 Report Global and girls, to secure their demobilization, and to promote their reintegration into their communities. It works to achieve this through advocacy and public education, research Global Report 2008 and monitoring, and network development and capacity building. The Coalition’s Steering Committee members are: Amnesty International, Defence for Children International, Human Rights Watch, International Federation Terre des Hommes, International Save the Children Alliance, Jesuit Refugee Service, and the Quaker United Nations Office – Geneva. The Coalition has regional representatives in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Middle East and national networks in about 30 countries. The Coalition unites local, national and international organizations, as well as youth, experts and concerned individuals from every region of the world. COALITION TO STOP THE USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS www.child-soldiers.org COALITION TO STOP THE USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS CHILD SOLDIERS Girl soldiers and others gathered at a Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) event in Tila, Rolpa district, Nepal. CHILD SOLDIERS Cover photo © Marcus Bleasdale 2005 The Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers was formed in May 1998 by leading non- governmental organizations to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers, both boys 2008 Report Global and girls, to secure their demobilization, and to promote their reintegration into their communities.