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Uncertainty Avoidance, Loss Aversion and Stock Market Participation
Uncertainty avoidance, loss aversion and stock market participation Marc Oliver Rieger* January 28, 2020 Abstract Stock market participation differs a lot across countries. Cultural dimensions could be a potential factor for that. We show that indeed uncertainty avoidance (UAI) is linked to rates of stock market par- ticipation across countries. We can show even more that uncertainty avoidance has an indirect effect through loss aversion on stock market participation. The country level effects are confirmed on the individ- ual level using data from a recent large-scale international survey, but on individual level there is also a strong effect of UAI on stock mar- ket participation after controlling for loss aversion. These results are robust after controlling for ambiguity aversion, and economic and de- mographic variables. Finally, we find that UAI is related to negative attitudes about stock markets in general. Key words: Uncertainty avoidance; loss aversion; stock market participa- tion; cultural finance. ∗University of Trier, Department IV, 54296 Trier, Germany, [email protected]. 1 1 Introduction Financial decisions are influenced by cultural differences. This is nowadays well-established, although it took much longer in finance than in other fields of business administration to start taking this into account (Aggarwal & Goodell 2014). One of the most fundamental financial decision is whether to invest into stocks or not. This decision is clearly related to the huge literature on the equity premium puzzle (Mehra & Prescott 1985), but is also important on the level of the investor, as stock market participation leads to higher long-run returns and therefore is one of the most relevant factors for wealth accumulation. -
Markets As Regulators: a Survey
MARKETS AS REGULATORS: A SURVEY STAVROS GADINIS∗ AND HOWELL E. JACKSON† ABSTRACT Stock exchanges around the world have recently discarded their traditional mutual membership structure in favor of a for-profit corporate format. This development increased fears of conflicts of interest, as for- profit exchanges are more sensitive to pressures from their constituents and more likely to abuse their regulatory powers. In this Article, we explore the allocation of regulatory responsibilities to market infrastructure institutions, administrative agencies, and central government entities in the eight most influential jurisdictions for securities regulation in the world. Examining how different jurisdictions answer this question is particularly pressing given the December 2006 transatlantic stock exchange merger activity. After discussing the role of self-regulatory organizations in the oversight of modern stock exchanges, we report the results of a survey of the allocation of regulatory powers in a sample of eight key jurisdictions. In that survey, we examine the allocation of such powers at three levels: rulemaking, monitoring of compliance with these rules, and enforcement of rules violations. Based on our findings, we categorize these jurisdictions in three distinct models of allocation of regulatory powers: a Government-led Model that preserves significant authority for central government control over securities markets ∗ Clark Byse and John M. Olin Fellow, Harvard Law School; S.J.D. Candidate, Harvard Law School. † John S. Reid, Jr. Professor of Law, Harvard Law School. This Article derives from a project the author prepared for the Governance of Infrastructure Institutions in the Financial Markets, undertaken by the Oxford Finance Group and led by Ruben Lee in 2006. -
Asian FA-NFA 2008 International Conference the Mission of Financial Studies in Globalized Economy
Platinum Sponsors: ・Tokyo Commodity Exchange / Tokyo Grain Exchange / Japan Commodity Futures Industry Association ・Mizuho Securities Co., Ltd. ・Goldman Sachs Asset Management Co., Ltd. Gold Sponsors: ・Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd.・Tokyo Financial Exchange Inc.・Tokyo Stock Exchange Group, Inc.・Nikko Asset Management Co., Ltd.・Nomura Securities Co., Ltd. ・Securities Analysts Association of Japan・Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Co. / Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Investment Technology Institute Co., Ltd. Supporting Sponsors: ・Nomura Research Institute, Ltd・Kinzai Institute for Financial Affairs, Inc.・Sumitomo Mitsui Asset Management Co., Ltd.・Sumitomo Trust & Banking Co., Ltd. ・PIMCO Japan Ltd. ・Japan Securities Investment Advisors Association・Barclays Global Investment Japan Ltd.・Ibbotson Associate Japan, Inc.・Mizuho-DL Financial Technology Co., Ltd. Sponsors: ・ORIX Corporation・Association for Real Estate Securitization Asian FA-NFA 2008 International Conference The Mission of Financial Studies in Globalized Economy Program Book TABLE OF CONTENTS Greetings ..............................................................................................................2 Program at a Glance ...........................................................................................4 Asian FA/NFA 2008 International Conference Committees ...........................6 International Blind Review Panel (AsianFA-NFA Nominations) ...................8 Special Session / Parallel Session .......................................................................9 -
Markets As Regulators: a Survey
MARKETS AS REGULATORS: A SURVEY STAVROS GAD1NIS* AND HOWELL E. JACKSONt ABSTRACT Stock exchanges around the world have recently discarded their traditionalmutual membership structure in favor of a for-profit corporate format. This development increasedfears of conflicts of interest, as for- profit exchanges are more sensitive to pressures from their constituents and more likely to abuse their regulatory powers. In this Article, we explore the allocation of regulatory responsibilities to market infrastructureinstitutions, administrativeagencies, and centralgovernment entities in the eight most influentialjurisdictions for securities regulation in the world. Examining how different jurisdictions answer this question is particularly pressing given the December 2006 transatlantic stock exchange merger activity. After discussing the role of self-regulatory organizations in the oversight of modern stock exchanges, we report the results of a survey of the allocation of regulatory powers in a sample of eight key jurisdictions. In that survey, we examine the allocation of such powers at three levels: rulemaking, monitoring of compliance with these rules, and enforcement of rules violations. Based on our findings, we categorize these jurisdictions in three distinct models of allocation of regulatory powers: a Government-led Model that preserves significant * Clark Byse and John M. Olin Fellow, Harvard Law School; S.J.D. Candidate, Harvard Law School. t John S. Reid, Jr. Professor of Law, Harvard Law School. This Article derives from a project the author prepared for the Governance of Infrastructure Institutions in the Financial Markets, undertaken by the Oxford Finance Group and led by Ruben Lee in 2006. The analytical framework presented in Part II of this Article and the collection and interpretation of surveys in Appendix A are primarily the work of Mr. -
Roster of Winners in Single-Seat Constituencies No
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 | The Japan Times | 3 lower house ele ion ⑳ NAGANO ㉘ OSAKA 38KOCHI No. 1 Takashi Shinohara (I) No. 1 Hiroyuki Onishi (L) No. 1 Gen Nakatani (L) Roster of winners in single-seat constituencies No. 2 Mitsu Shimojo (KI) No. 2 Akira Sato (L) No. 2 Hajime Hirota (I) No. 3 Yosei Ide (KI) No. 3 Shigeki Sato (K) No. 4 Shigeyuki Goto (L) No. 4 Yasuhide Nakayama (L) 39EHIME No. 4 Masaaki Taira (L) ⑮ NIIGATA No. 5 Ichiro Miyashita (L) No. 5 Toru Kunishige (K) No. 1 Yasuhisa Shiozaki (L) ( L ) Liberal Democratic Party; ( KI ) Kibo no To; ( K ) Komeito; No. 5 Kenji Wakamiya (L) No. 6 Shinichi Isa (K) No. 1 Chinami Nishimura (CD) No. 2 Seiichiro Murakami (L) ( JC ) Japanese Communist Party; ( CD ) Constitutional Democratic Party; No. 6 Takayuki Ochiai (CD) No. 7 Naomi Tokashiki (L) No. 2 Eiichiro Washio (I) ㉑ GIFU No. 3 Yoichi Shiraishi (KI) ( NI ) Nippon Ishin no Kai; ( SD ) Social Democratic Party; ( I ) Independent No. 7 Akira Nagatsuma (CD) No. 8 Takashi Otsuka (L) No. 3 Takahiro Kuroiwa (I) No. 1 Seiko Noda (L) No. 4 Koichi Yamamoto (L) No. 8 Nobuteru Ishihara (L) No. 9 Kenji Harada (L) No. 4 Makiko Kikuta (I) No. 2 Yasufumi Tanahashi (L) No. 9 Isshu Sugawara (L) No. 10 Kiyomi Tsujimoto (CD) No. 4 Hiroshi Kajiyama (L) No. 3 Yoji Muto (L) 40FUKUOKA ① HOKKAIDO No. 10 Hayato Suzuki (L) No. 11 Hirofumi Hirano (I) No. 5 Akimasa Ishikawa (L) No. 4 Shunpei Kaneko (L) No. 1 Daiki Michishita (CD) No. 11 Hakubun Shimomura (L) No. -
JCIE's Annual Report
JAPAN CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE 2001–2003 Annual Report GLOBAL THINKNET CIVILNET POLITICAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM TABLE OF CONTENTS President’s Message 2 CivilNet 23 JCIE Activities 5 Promoting Civil Society and Philanthropy 25 The Role of Philanthropy in Postwar U.S.-Japan Global ThinkNet 7 Relations 25 Study and Dialogue Projects 9 GrantCraft—Japanese Video Project 25 APAP Forums and Seminars 9 International Survey Project—The Civil Society Global ThinkNet Conference, Tokyo 10 Sector and NGO Activities in Asia and Europe 26 Intellectual Dialogue on Building Survey on the Status of Exchange Programs Asia’s Tomorrow 10 between the U.S. and Japan 26 A Gender Agenda: Asia-Europe Dialogue 11 Seminar Series with Civil Society Leaders 26 Russia-Japan Policy Dialogue 12 Study Mission on American Philanthropy 27 Cooperation with the Asia Pacific Philanthropy Policy-Oriented Research 13 Consortium (APPC) 27 Vision of Asia Pacific in the 21st Century 13 Facilitating Philanthropic Programs of Asia Pacific and the Global Order Overseas Foundations and Corporations 29 After September 11 13 Levi Strauss Foundation Advised Fund of JCIE 29 The Rise of China and the Changing East Asian Order 14 “Positive Lives Asia” Photo Exhibition Tour 31 Asia Pacific Security Outlook 14 Goldman Sachs Global Leaders Program 31 Force, Intervention, and Sovereignty 15 Lucent Global Science Scholars Program 32 New Perspectives on U.S.-Japan Relations 15 Civil Society and Grassroots-Level Governance for a New Century: Japanese Exchanges 33 Challenges, American Experience 16 A50 Caravan 33 The Future of Governance and the Role Asia Pacific Leadership Program in Tokyo 33 of Politicians 17 Grassroots Network 34 The Transformation of Japanese Communities Miyazaki Prefecture Commemorative and the Emerging Local Agenda 18 Symposiums on Internationalization 34 The Intellectual Infrastructure for East Asian Community-Building 18 Political Exchange Program 35 Support and Cooperation for Research and U.S.-Japan Parliamentary Exchange Program 37 Dialogue 19 U.S. -
Japan Revival Vision
Japan Revival Vision Provisional Translation May 23, 2014 Liberal Democratic Party of Japan Japan Economic Revival Headquarters 1 2 Note: This is only a provisional translation. With regard to any parts that seem unclear, please refer to the original Japanese version. Introduction In December of 2012, the Liberal Democratic Party returned to power with Prime Minister Abe in the lead, based on the slogan “Take Back Japan”. After the bubble burst, Japan had experienced a “Lost Two Decades” of long-term economic slump and deflation. Furthermore, stagnation escalated following the “Lehman Shock”, partly due to the deficient economic policies of the new government established after the LDP lost power. However, after the launch of the second Abe Cabinet, as a result of releasing what is known as the “Three Arrows,” domestic and international perceptions of Japan’s economic prospects significantly improved. This was reflected in the rapid rise of stock prices last year. The first arrow was aggressive monetary easing; the second arrow, flexible fiscal policy; and the third arrow, released in June of last year, was the Japan Revitalization Strategy, “Japan is Back”. According to the Tankan (the Bank of Japan’s quarterly economic survey) published in December of last year, for the first time in 21 years and 10 months, the Business Sentiment Diffusion Index turned positive for small and medium-sized enterprises in the non-manufacturing sector, which had been suffering from a long-term slump. Moreover, real GDP for the first quarter of this year grew as much as 5.9% on an annual basis, although this was buoyed in part by rush-demand before the increase of the consumption tax rate. -
Mansfield Fellows and Their Insights on U.S.-Japan Relations
The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation Unique Experiences, Unique Perspectives Mansfield Fellows and Their Insights on U.S.-Japan Relations he Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation honors Mike Mansfield (1903–2001), Ta remarkable public servant, statesman and diplomat who played a pivotal role in many key domestic and international issues of the 20th century as U.S. congressman from Montana, Senate majority leader, and finally as U.S. ambassador to Japan. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation was created in 1983 to advance Maureen and Mike Mansfield’s life-long efforts to promote understanding and cooperation among the nations and peoples of Asia and the United States. The Foundation sponsors exchanges, dialogues and publications that create networks among U.S. and Asian leaders, explore important policy issues, and increase awareness of Asia in the U.S. The Mansfield Foundation’s geographic focus is Northeast Asia and India as it relates to that region. The Foundation receives support from individuals, corporations and philanthropic organizations. It also provides support to The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center at The University of Montana. The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation 1401 New York Avenue, NW Suite 740 Washington, D.C. 20005-2102 Phone: 202 . 347. 1994 Fax: 202 . 347. 3941 E-mail: [email protected] www.mansfieldfdn.org The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation, Washington, D.C. © 2013 by The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation www.mansfieldfdn.org All rights reserved. Published in the United States of America Library of Congress Control Number: 2012954958 Unique Experiences, Unique Perspectives Mansfield Fellows and Their Insights on U.S.-Japan Relations www.mansfieldfdn.org 2 Contents Preface David Boling Deputy Executive Director, The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation . -
Guía País JAPÓN
Guía País JAPÓN Elaborada por la Oficina Económica y Comercial de España en Tokio Actualizada a Julio, 2005 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 4 1.1. Situación, superficie y clima 4 1.2. Demografía y sociedad 4 1.3. Breve referencia histórica 5 2. ESTRUCTURA POLÍTICO-ADMINISTRATIVA 6 2.1. Sistema político 6 2.1.1. Gobierno 7 2.1.2. Partidos políticos y actividad parlamentaria 8 2.2. Sector Público 8 2.2.1. La organización administrativa del Estado 8 2.2.2. La Administración Económica y Comercial 9 2.2.3. El Banco Central 10 2.2.4. Empresas Públicas 10 3. ESTRUCTURA ECONÓMICA 11 3.1. Sector Primario 11 3.2. Sector Secundario 12 3.3. Sector Terciario 14 3.4. Estructura empresaria 15 3.5. Sistema Financiero 16 3.6. Sector Exterior 17 4. MARCO PARA LA ACTIVIDAD COMERCIAL 18 4.1. Régimen de comercio exterior. Importaciones y Exportaciones 18 4.2. Regulación de Cobros y Pagos con el exterior 18 4.3. Legislación sobre contratación pública. Criterios de Adjudicación de Contratos Públicos 19 4.4. La Distribución Comercial: Estructura y marco legal 19 5. MARCO PARA LA INVERSIÓN 19 5.1. Legislación sobre Inversiones Extranjeras 20 5.2. Legislación mercantil 20 5.3. Legislación fiscal 21 5.4. Legislación laboral 23 5.5. Legislación sobre propiedad intelectual 24 5.6. Costes de establecimiento: de personal, alquileres, suministros y otros 24 6. INFORMACIÓN DE CARÁCTER PRÁCTICO 25 6.1. Formalidades de entrada y salida 25 6.2. Horario local y días festivos 25 6.3. Condiciones climáticas 26 6.4. -
Mike Mansfield Fellowships
The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation THE MIKE MANSFIELD FELLOWSHIPS Advancing Understanding and Cooperation in U.S.-Japan Relations Washington, DC • Tokyo, Japan • Missoula, Montana • www.mansfieldfellows.org “...knowledge is essential for acceptance and understanding. By examining the political heritage, the economic experience, and even the national myths that tie people together; by exploring the cultural, religious, and social forces that have molded a nation, we can begin to better understand each other and contribute to the knowledge and understanding that will strengthen our ties of friendship and lead to a better world.” —Mike Mansfield “…a vigorous program of exchanges is the surest way, over the long term, to build a true community of Asia Pacific nations.” —Mike Mansfield This program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of State with funding provided by the U.S. Government and administered by the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation. 1 Celebrating 25 Years of The Mike Mansfield Fellowships “It has long been evident that the U.S.-Japan relationship has far-reaching consequences not only for the Pacific region but also for other parts of the world. In establishing the Mike Mansfield Fellowships, the U.S. Congress has taken an important step toward developing a new generation of government officials with a deeper understanding of Japan and close working relationships with Japanese officials. With the strong support of the government of Japan, the Mansfield Fellowship Program gives U.S. government officials a unique opportunity to learn about Japan and its government from the inside. We are pleased to see that U.S. -
Mike Mansfield Fellowships
The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation THE MIKE MANSFIELD FELLOWSHIPS ADVANCING UNDERSTANDING AND COOPERATION IN U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONS Washington, DC • Tokyo, Japan • Missoula, Montana • www.mansfieldfdn.org “...knowledge is essential for acceptance and understanding. By examining the political heritage, the economic experience and even the national myths that tie people together; by exploring the cultural, religious, and social forces that have molded a nation, we can begin to better understand each other and contribute to the knowledge and understanding that will strengthen our ties of friendship and lead to a better world.” —Mike Mansfield “…a vigorous program of exchanges is the surest way, over the long term, to build a true community of Asia Pacific nations.” —Mike Mansfield 1 The Mike Mansfield Fellowships “It has long been evident that the U.S.-Japan relationship has far-reaching consequences not only for the Pacific region but also for other parts of the world. In establishing the Mike Mansfield Fellowships, the U.S. Congress has taken an important step toward developing a new generation of government officials with a deeper understanding of Japan and close working relationships with Japanese officials. With the strong support of the government of Japan, the Mansfield Fellowship Program gives U.S. government officials a unique opportunity to learn about Japan and its government from the inside. We are pleased to see that U.S. agencies are making significant use of the Fellows who have completed the program, assigning them responsibility for Japan issues and cooperative programs and relying on their expertise and advice on how to work with Japan and foster close coordination on a wide range of issues. -
Intellectual Property Strategic Program 2005
Intellectual Property Strategic Program 2005 June 10, 2005 Intellectual Property Policy Headquarters Intellectual Property Strategic Program 2005 Table of Contents General 1 1. Philosophy of Intellectual Property Policy 1 2. Policy for Making Japan an Intellectual Property-based Nation 6 3. Progress in Intellectual Property Policy 10 4. Development and Implementation of Intellectual Property Strategic Program 2005 15 Chapter 1 Creation of Intellectual Property 17 1. Promoting the Creation of Intellectual Property at Universities and Other Institutes 17 (1) Promoting the Establishment of Consolidated Management 17 1) Encouraging the development of rules according to the principle of consolidated 17 2) Giving due consideration to the mobility of researchers in developing 19 (2) Strengthening Comprehensive Systems for Intellectual Property 19 1) Strengthening University Intellectual Property Headquarters 20 2) Strengthening TLOs 21 3) Enhancing information on human resources related to intellectual property 21 4) Supporting the development of dispute settlement systems 21 5) Clearly indicating liaisons 22 6) Evaluating University Intellectual Property Headquarters and TLOs 22 7) Encouraging universities to disclose information on intellectual property-related 23 activities 8) Strengthening cooperation among University Intellectual Property Headquarters and 23 TLOs (3) Increasing Funds for Intellectual Property-Related Activities 24 (4) Giving Due Consideration to Intellectual Property-related Activities in Evaluating 25 Universities and