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Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Tecnologia E Geociências Departamento De Oceanografia Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Oceanografia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências Departamento de Oceanografia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Flavio de Almeida Alves Júnior Community Ecology, Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of the Deep-Sea Shrimps in Northeastern Brazil Recife 2019 Flavio de Almeida Alves Júnior Community Ecology, Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of the Deep-Sea Shrimps in Northeastern Brazil Thesis presented to postgraduate program in Oceanography of the Federal University of Pernambuco (PPGO-UFPE), as one of the requirements to obtain the title of Doctor in Oceanography. Concentration area: Biological Oceanography Advisor: Dr. Jesser Fidelis de Souza Filho Co-Advisor: Dra. Marina S. L. Câmara de Araújo Recife 2019 Catalogação na fonte Bibliotecário Gabriel da Luz, CRB-4 / 2222. A472c Alves Júnior, Flavio de Almeida. Community ecology, taxonomy and geographic distribution of the deep- sea shrimps in northeastern Brazil / Flavio de Almeida Alves Júnior – Recife, 2019. 320 f., figs., tabs. Orientador: Dr. Jesser Fidelis de Souza Filho. Coorientadora: Dra. Marina S. L. Câmara de Araújo. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CTG. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, 2019. Inclui referências. 1. Oceanografia. 2. Águas profundas. 3. Biodiversidade profunda. 4. Distribuição dos camarões de profundidade. 5. Aspectos taxonômicos. 6. Ecologia de mar profundo. I. Souza Filho, Jesser Fidelis de. (Orientador). II. Araújo, Marina S. L. Câmara de. (Coorientadora). III. Título. UFPE 551.46 CDD (22. ed.) BCTG/2019-369 Flavio de Almeida Alves júnior Community Ecology, Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of the Deep-Sea Shrimps in Northeastern Brazil Thesis presented to postgraduate program in Oceanography of the Federal University of Pernambuco (PPGO-UFPE), as one of the requirements to obtain the title of Doctor in Oceanography. Aprovada em: 20/02/2019. Prof. Dr. Jesser Fidelis de Souza Filho (Orientador) – Presidente (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE) Profª. Drª. Maria Fernanda Abrantes Torres (Examinador Interno) (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE) Profª. Drª. Irene Azevedo Cardoso (Examinador Externo) (Museu Nacional (MNRJ) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ) Drª. Catarina de Lourdes Araújo Silva (Examinador Externo) (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE) Prof. Dr. Alexandre Oliveira de Almeida (Examinador Externo) (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE) ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all to God, for giving me with infinite graces and that always makes my life a daily victory. My family that always supports me in all decisions especially my mother who goes through innumerable anxieties by virtue of my personal fulfillment. I would like to thank Maria da Conceição Couto, for passing along with me the obstacles of life and always advising me and encouraging me as much as possible in the victories in my path, mainly because this path is always beside her. Once again in memoriam of Dr. Petrônio Alves Coelho. I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Jesser Fidelis Souza Filho, with an eternal calm and sympathy, helping me in this difficult scientific journey. To my co-advisor Dra. Marina de Sá Leitão Câmara de Araújo by the partnership and help in the elaboration of scientific projects in my career. I would like to thank the scholarship granted by Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for the graduate scholarship on Oceanography. The friends of laboratory of Carcinology (LABCARCINO) who always supported me and welcomed me in a way that I feel like an extension of my family. RESUMO A Bacia Potiguar foi formada na era mesocenozoica a qual ocorrendo entre os Estados do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte, sendo atualmente alvo de várias pesquisas científicas, especialmente por órgãos ambientais e iniciativa privada devido à grande riqueza biológica e mineralógica ocorrentes na região. Contudo na Bacia Potiguar, os estudos ambientais estão focados especialmente em zonas rasas costeiras, tornando assim aspectos de mar profundo inexistentes ao longo do talude continental ainda desconhecido, sobretudo em aspectos a cerca da biodiversidade de invertebrados. Aspectos similares sobre o pouco conhecimento da biodiversidade de invertebrados profunda também são observados para as regiões de ilhas oceânicas, como por exemplo, no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, atóis como Atol das Rocas e montes submarinos como os existentes ao longo da Cadeia Norte do Ceará. Devido a isto, esta tese teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura da comunidade de camarões de profundidade ocorrentes na Bacia Potiguar e relatar a composição taxonômica e distribucional dos camarões de profundidade da Bacia Potiguar, ilhas oceânicas e montes submarinos na região Nordeste do Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas em duas áreas diferentes: Primeiro na Bacia Potiguar, localizada no Nordeste do Brasil entre (03/05° S; 38/35° W), nos Estados do Ceará (CE) e Rio Grande do Norte (RN), sob o projeto “Avaliação da biota bentônica e plânctonica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará (Bpot)”, a bordo do N/O Luke Thomas em 2009 e por N/O Seward Johnson em 2011, com arrastos de fundo conduzidos no talude continental usando “semi-balloon otter trawl”com 50 mm de malha e 18 m de abertura de boca, entre as isóbatas de 150, 400, 1000 e 2000 m. Posteriormente, as amostras foram coletadas durante o projeto ABRAÇOS (Acoustic along the Brazilian coast), no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas e Montes Submarino na Caderia do Ceará, o qual foi realizado em Outubro de 2015 e Abril de 2017, através de arrastos na coluna de água usando uma rede de micronécton com 1 mm de malha com estações (#ST) entre 10–1660 m. Para a Bacia Potiguar foram coletadas e identificadas 49 espécies, sendo representadas por 15 famílias, enquanto para as ilhas oceânicas e montes submarinos foram coletadas 27 espécies de camarões pertencentes a 5 famílias. Para a Bacia Potiguar a distribuição dos camarões apresentou-se associada com a massa de água, sendo os fatores abióticos dominantes nesta distribuição vertical. Os maiores índices de riqueza foram observados nas profundidades de 400 e 1000 m e os menores valores estando associados às massas de águas mais profundas. Os maiores picos de diversidade foram observados na profundidade de 1000 m e as zonas mais profundas apresentaram os menores valores. Ao longo das análises de comunidade, foram observadas espécies descritoras de massas de água, os quais são restritos apenas aos fatores abióticos atuantes em determinadas profundidades. As informações apresentadas ressaltam as primeiras observações acerca dos aspectos que regem a comunidade de camarões de profundidade ocorrentes na Bacia Potiguar, além da composição taxonômica e aspectos distribucionais desta fauna profunda. Palavras-chave: Águas profundas. Biodiversidade Profunda. Distribuição dos camarões de profundidade. Aspectos taxonômicos. Ecologia de mar profundo. ABSTRACT The Potiguar Basin was formed in mesocenozoic age occurring between the States of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, being target of several cientific researches, especially by environmental agencies promoved by private initiative and public agents, due its great biological wealth and mineralogical in this region. However in Potiguar Basin, the environmental studies are being focused especially in costal zones, thus making deep- sea aspects nonexistent along the continental slope (> 200 m) still unknown, principally in aspects about the deep invertebrate biodiversity.Similar aspects about the little knowledge of the deep invertebrate biodiversity are observed for the regions of oceanic Islands, as for exemple, in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Atoll as Rocas Atoll and seamounts as those registered in North Ceará Chain. Due to this, this theses has as objective analyse the community structure of the deep-sea shrimps occurring in Potigar basin and report the taxonomic composition and distributional aspects of deep-sea shrimps in Potiguar Basin, oceanic Islands and seamounts in the Brazilian Northwestern region.The samples were collected in two different areas. First in the Potiguar Basin, located in the northeast of Brazil between (03/05° S; 38/35° W), in the states of Ceará (CE) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN), under the framework ofthe project “Avaliação da biota bentônica e plânctonica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará (Bpot)”, on board theR/V Luke Thomas in 2009 and by R/V Seward Johnson in May 2011, with bottom trawls conducted on the continental slope using a semi-balloon otter trawl with 50 mm of mesh size and 18 m of mouth opening, between the isobaths of 150, 400, 1000 and 2000 m. After, samples collected during the framework of project ABRAÇOS (Acoustic along the Brazilian coast), on Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Rocas Atoll and Seamounts in Ceará Chain, which occurred in October 2015 and April of 2017, through the water column by using the drag of a micronekton net with 1 mm of mesh, with stations (#ST) between 10–1660 m depth. From Potiguar Basin, were collected 49 species, being represented by 15 families, while in oceanic islands were sampled 27 species belonging to 5 families. For the Potiguar Basin, the distribution of the shrimps showed associated with the water mass, being the abiotic factos dodominant in vertical distribution. The high indices of richness ware observed in depth of 400 and 1000 m, and the low values being associated with deeper water mass. The highest peaks of diversity were observed at depth of 1000 m, with the deeper stations showing
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