301 , SECRET MOST IMMEDIATE Enclosed Please Find Extracts From

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

301 , SECRET MOST IMMEDIATE Enclosed Please Find Extracts From 301 , SECRET MOST IMMEDIATE Enclosed please find extracts from the decisions of the Cabinet meeting held oil December 13, 1971 on the subject "Trial of collaborators" and "Screening of employees of Government, semi-Government and autonomous bodies". This is for favor of information and necessary action. (H. T. Imam) Cabinet Secretary. 15.12.71, U.O.No. (9)/Cab. Dated 15.12.71. 1. Acting Secretary-General, 2. Secretary, Foreign Affairs. 3. Secretary, Defense. 4. Secretary, G. A. 5. Secretary, Home/D. G., Police. 6. Secretary, Home Affairs. 7. Secretary, Finance. 8. Secretary, Information and Broadcasting. 9. Secretary, Agriculture. EXTRACTS FROM THE MINUTES AND DECISIONS OF THE CABINET MEETING HELD ON DECEMBER 3, 1971 O ................... o o o o o AGENDA NO. 2: Trial of Collaborators. The Cabinet considered the summary on the subject "Trial of collaborators" and after due deliberation decided as follows: a) An announcement should be made forthwith to the effect that a machinery of justice is being established for the trial of collaborators and that pending trial all alleged collaborators should be protected and that private retribution must be prevented. (b) The recommendations contained in the summary on the subject "Trial of Collaborators", submitted by the Secretaries’ Committee, were accepted as noted below: 302 (i) Tribunals will be formed for different categories of collaborators. (ii) An announcement should be made through radio and other media of communication that local authorities under the Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh have been authorized to arrange immediate arrest and safe custody of collaborators pending trial. c) The subject "Trial of Collaborators" should be immediately examined in details by a Committee of jurists and legal experts, who will advise the Government, particularly on the following matters: (i) Whether new law should be drafted to give legal form to the recommendations made to the Cabinet by the Secretaries' Committee or this should be done within the framework of the existing law. If the law on the trial of collaborators is to be framed according to the existing law/laws, under the provisions of the Proclamation of Independence Order dated April 10, 1971 and the laws Continuance Order dated April 10, 1971, how should it be fitted therein. (ii) Whether the offence of collaboration should be given precise definition or it is covered sufficiently by the existing law dealing with such crimes as waging war against the State, sedition, murder, loot arson etc. (iii) What should be the composition of the tribunals or Special Courts? (iv) What category of persons should be tried? (v) What other allied factors are to be considered and brought within the legal framework? (d) The Committee of Jurists and legal experts should be immediately constituted by the Ministry of Law and Parliamentary Affairs and further necessary action should be taken by that Ministry. If necessary, the Ministry of Law and Parliamentary Affairs may ask for the services of legal experts from the Government of India. AGENDA NO 3: - Screening of employees of the Government, Semi-Government and autonomous bodies. The Cabinet considered the summary on the subject "screening of employees of the Government, semi-Government, and autonomous bodies". The recommendations contained in the summary were accepted with certain amendments. The Cabinet decisions of the subjects, with amendments, are noted below: 1. Screening Committees will be set up as follows: (i) Screening Committee A-for dialing with all persons drawing a salary of Rs. 2000/- and above; (ii) Screening Committee B-for persons drawing a salary of more than Rs. 750/- but less than Rs. 2000/-; 303 (iii) Screening Committee C & D-for all class I officers other than those falling within the jurisdiction of Committee A & B as well as persons drawing a salary from Rs. 350/- to Rs. 750/-; (iv) Screening Committee E-for class II (Gazetted) Government servants not covered by Screening Committee C & D; and, (v) Non-Gazetted Government servants and employees of semi-Government and autonomous bodies of equivalent rank will be screened by Screening Committees at the district level to be appointed by the Government. 2. The Screening Committee will be competent to award anyone or more Punishments specified in Government Servants' Efficiency and Discipline Rules, 1961. The seriousness of the offence will be determined by the facts of each case. 3. Screening Committee A will consist of the following: (a) A person who is or has been a Judge of the High Court or Supreme Court as Chairman, (b) One Vice-Chancellor of University and (c) One elected public representative. Screening Committee B: (a) One Secretary of the Central Government or equivalent as Chairman, (b) One elected public representative and (c) One educationist of the rank of Professor/Head of Department of University. Screening Committee C & D: (a) One District Judge as Chairman. (b) One elected public representative and (c) One Reader of a University. Screening Committee E : (a) One Sub-Judge as Chairman. (b) One elected public representative and (c) One Principal of a College or a senior lecturer of University. 4. The screening Committee will submit their report and findings to the President for his approval. 304 , SECRET December 15,1971 Relevant extracts from the decisions of the Cabinet meeting held on Friday, December 10, 1971 on the subject "Restoration of Civil Administration ,, are circulated herewith for information and necessary action by all concerned. (H. T. Imam) Cabinet Secretary. Memo No. 469(5)/Cab. dated 16.12.71. To: 1. Defense Secretary. 2. Secretary for Foreign Affairs. 3. Secretary for Health. 4. Secretary, Agriculture. 5. Secretary, Finance. SECRET DECISIONS OF THE CABINET MEETING HELD ON FRIDAY, DECEMBER 10, 71, ON THE SUBJECT "RESTORATION OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION". O o o o o o The maintenance of law and order and the provision of essential services is the foremost task to be taken in hand by the Bangladesh Government in the wake of liberation. To achieve this it is necessary to repair and restore the Civil Administration immediately. 2. Taking all factors into account, it seems that there is no alternative to the retention of the existing personnel and administrative structure at the district level and below. Government will make categorical statement forthwith to the following effect: (a) A high power Administrative Reforms Commission will be set up within two months of the Govt.'s shifting its headquarters to Dacca to draft legislation to reform the services and administrative structure in accordance with the fundamental principles enunciated by the Govt. from time to time. (b) A high powered Screening Committee will be set up to punish or remove unpatriotic officials. This is in addition to the trial of those who have actively collaborated with the enemy, under the law for trial of collaborators. 305 (c) Government is aware that many Government servants were serving under duress and guarantees that no one will be punished without fair trial in accordance with the law. (d) All Government Servants who left their posts during enemy occupation and remained inside Bangladesh should return to their posts as soon as the areas are liberated and establish contact with local Administration. Persons appointed/posted to these places after March 25, 1971, will revert as Officers on Special Duty. Those who were at their posts at the time of liberation should remain in their posts and establish similar contact with the local Administration until further orders. Notwithstanding the above, all postings and appointments made by the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh will hold good and present incumbents of these posts will become Officers on Special Duty until further orders. (e) Those Government servants who left their posts and crossed into neighboring countries, unless otherwise assigned by the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh to any specific purposes, should also return to their posts held by them on or before March 25, 1971 with prior intimation to the Government and nearest Bangladesh Administration. Present holders of such posts will become Officers on Special Duty, until further orders. (f) The Offices of Zonal Administration will submit to the Government a list of Government Servants whether at present employed or not indicating the last posts held by them in Bangladesh. 3. Out of the list of personnel furnished by Zonal Administration paragraph 2 (f) above or available in headquarters office. Thana Units will be formed ready for dispatch to places where vacuum may exist. The composition of the Unit will be as follows: DESIGNATION FUNCTIONS. 1. Thana Magistrate Law & Order and overall co -ordination 2. CO (DEV)/Special Relief and treasury Relief Officer 3. Thana Food Officer Supply of consumer items 4. O.C Law and order 5. Thana Overseer/ Asstt. Restoration of communication. Engineer 6. Thana Agricultural Supply of Agricultural inputs Officer/TCO /TI 7. Thana Medical Officer Health. The Thana Magistrate will have the power to deploy personnel available within his jurisdiction, in any manner he chooses to meet emergency with regard to maintenance of 306 Law & Order, rehabilitation, supply of essential commodities and restoration and maintenance of services. He will be the financial controller at the thana level. As financial controller he will incur expenditure in respect of pay of officers and establishment and contingencies out of the imprest placed at his disposal. The CO (DEV) will act as special Relief Officer. The Secretary, General Administration will follow up implementation of the decisions by the Department concerned. 4. Each Thana Unit constituted under para 3 shall be provided with one month's pay in advance before being dispatched to their places of duty. The Treasury Officer will be provided with an initial imprest of Rs. 10,000.00 (ten thousand). The Cabinet was also pleased to take the following decisions for restoration of Civil Administration in Bangladesh: (a) Deputy Commissioners and District Magistrate, the Superintendents of Police will be posted in all the 19 districts.
Recommended publications
  • Syllabus for Bcs (Written) Examination 1/210 সূচিপত্র
    SYLLABUS FOR BCS (WRITTEN) EXAMINATION সবয়শষব হোলনোগোদ: ২৩.০৮.২০২১ চিপত্র [Contents] (ক) আবচিক চবষয়স맂হ [Compulsory Subjects] ক্র: চবষয় ককোড চবষয়য়র নোম ꧃ষ্ঠোন ম্বর নং [Subject Code] [Subject Name] 1. 001 বাাংলা১ ম পত্র [Bangla 1st Paper] ৪ 2. 002 বাাংলা২ য় পত্র [Bangla 2nd Paper] ৪ 3. 003 ইাংরেজি [English] ৫ 4. 005 বাাংলারেশ জবষয়াবজল [Bangladesh Affairs] ৬-৭ 5. 007 আিাজ জিক জবষয়াবজল [International Affairs] ৮-৯ 6. 008 গাজিজিক 뷁জি [Mathematical Reasoning] ১০ 7. 009 মানজিক েিা [Mental Ability] ১১-১২ 8. 010 িাধােি জবজ্ঞান ও প্র뷁জি [General Science and Technology] ১৩-১৫ (খ) পদ-সংচিষ্ট চবষয়স맂হ [Post Related Subjects] [�鷁 কোচরগচর/য়পশোগত কযোডোয়রর জন্য (For Professional/Technical Cadre Only)] ক্র: চবষয় ককোড চবষয়য়র নোম ꧃ষ্ঠা নম্বর নং [Subject Code] [Subject Name] 1. 111 বাাংলা ভাষা ও িাজিিয [Bangla Language and Literature] ১৬ 2. 121 ইাংরেজি [English] ১৭ 3. 131 আেজব [Arabic] ১৮ 4. 141 ফোসী [Persian] ১৯ 5. 151 িাংস্কৃি [Sanskrit] ২০ 6. 161 পাজল [Pali ২১ 7. 171 মরনাজবজ্ঞান [Psychology] ২২-২৩ 8. 181 ইজিিাি [History] ২৪-২৫ 9. 191 ইিলারমে ইজিিাি ও িাংস্কৃজি [Islamic History & Culture] 26-27 10. 201 ইিলামী জশা [Islamic Studies] 28-29 11. 211 েশনজ [Philosophy] 30-31 12. 221 জশা [Education] 32-33 13. 231 প্রত্নিত্ত্ব [Archaeology] 34-36 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Khiyo Are a London-Based Six-Piece Band Playing Radical, Modern Interpretations of Bengali Heritage Music
    ENGLISH P. 2 DEUTSCH S. 10 Khiyo are a London-based six-piece band playing radical, modern interpretations of Bengali heritage music. The band was formed in 2007 as a collaboration between British-Bangladeshi vocalist Sohini Alam and composer / multi-instrumentalist Oliver Weeks to explore new ways of presenting traditional Bengali music whilst preserving its essence. The songs on this album represent an eclectic mix of Bengali classics from both Bangladesh and India, drawing on folk, film, protest songs and other traditional genres such as Rabindra Sangeet (the songs of Rabindranath Tagore) and Nazrul Sangeet (the songs of Bangladesh’s national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam). Alam’s powerful and expressive vocals are matched with dynamic and original arrangements that draw on South Asian and Western folk and classical traditions, rock and jazz. The band is named after a letter of the Bengali alphabet, the ‘Khiyo’ ( ). It is a unique letter that, whilst being a combination of two letters, has an identity of its own. Similarly, though the band’s members draw on many different musical backgrounds, the amalgamation of the whole has a singularly identifiable sound. Sohini Alam is a third-generation vocalist from a well-known Bangladeshi singing dynasty. Sohini trained in music with her mother, Hiron Alam and her aunts, Jannat Ara and Ferdous Ara. Her repertoire includes folk, patriotic, modern and traditional Bengali songs with a specialisation in Nazrul Sangeet. She has branched out into multi-lingual music in bands (Khiyo & Kishon Khan’s Afro-Cuban-Bengali jazz band, Lokkhi Terra), for dance (she has been acclaimed for her vocals on Akram Khan’s Olivier Award-winning dance piece DESH), and for the theatre (she is Musical Artist in Residence at pioneering London Asian theatre Tara Arts).
    [Show full text]
  • 701 Acceptable to the Govt. Mr. Abul Hasanat Chowdhury, MNA, Stated
    701 acceptable to the Govt. Mr. Abul Hasanat Chowdhury, MNA, stated that the Govt, order should be carried out, i.e. the Zonal Administrative Council should be constituted and the move for division of the Zone be taken up afterwards. Mr. Abdur Rahim, MPA, Dinajpur pointed out that a delegation of 10 to 15 persons went to Mujibnagar a few days back with the move for division of the Zone but nothing could be done. He also stated that the Zonal Administrative Council should be constituted as the condition of the people was very grave. He further posed a question that the meeting was convened for constitution of the Zonal Administrative Council and as such it was ultra vires to act otherwise and the meeting had no legal authority to take up the question of division of the Zone without constituting the same. The point of legality or otherwise of not to constitute the Zonal Administrative Council as per agenda raised by Mr. A. Rahim, MPA was put to vote by the President. There were 10 votes in favour of Mr. A. Rahim's point, 20 against and 8 abstention including the President of the meeting and the Zonal Administrative Officer. Mr. Khatibur Rahman, MPA stated that the Z.A.C. should be formed then and there and the division of the Zone should be dealt with afterwards. Mr. Muzaffar Hossain, MPA, Bogra wanted a separate Zone for his District. After their long discussions the President wanted the opinion of the members for and against the postponement of Administrators of zonal Administrative Council and division of Zone at that stage.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Music in Bangladeshi Cinema Before Liberation (1956-1970)
    Vol-6 Issue-3 2020 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 A Brief History of Music in Bangladeshi Cinema before liberation (1956-1970). Ruksana Karim Lecturer, Dept. of Music, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Former research fellow, 2015-16 & 2018-19 Bangladesh Film Archive. Abstract This study describes the beginning of musical journey of Bangladeshi cinema. The 49 years old country ‘Bangladesh’ has a beautiful history of cinema and music (near about 122 years old). But the journey was not as easy as present when Bangladesh (previous East Pakistan) was a part of Pakistan. This paper is a complete narration of musical perspective in Bangladeshi cinema and introduces authentic Bangladeshi culture. The history of Bangladeshi cinema is very much related with Indo-Pak sub continental cinema history. From another aspect, this study discusses the positive sides, all ups and downs of the beginning period of Bangladeshi cinema music. The methodology of this study is purely based on historical analysis and description that includes quite observation, literature reviews and interviews. Music in Bangladeshi cinema is strongly connected to the roots of its culture and this chapter really needs a quality research to go forward. From another view, this study introduces a good number of film makers and music directors of Bangladesh who had a lot of art work to make the history, classifies the film song in different categories and describes how the socio-economic condition presents through music in cinemas? It seems like a mirror, which is only the reflection, their life, culture and Bengali nationality. To forward this glory to the future generation and other nations, there is no alternative of describing the fundamental history as this study is doing.
    [Show full text]
  • Malarial Subjects: Empire, Medicine and Nonhumans in British India, 1820
    Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Wellcome Library, on 09 Nov 2017 at 11:46:23, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/00BEE3F5FAD80653C99B6674E2685D4D Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Wellcome Library, on 09 Nov 2017 at 11:46:23, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/00BEE3F5FAD80653C99B6674E2685D4D Malarial Subjects Malaria was considered one of the most widespread disease-causing entities in the nineteenth century. It was associated with a variety of frailties far beyond fevers, ranging from idiocy to impotence. And yet, it was not a self-contained category. The reconsolidation of malaria as a diagnostic category during this period happened within a wider context in which cinchona plants and their most valuable extract, quinine, were reinforced as objects of natural knowledge and social control. In India, the exigencies and apparatuses of British imperial rule occasioned the close interactions between these histories. In the process, British impe- rial rule became entangled with a network of nonhumans that included, apart from cinchona plants and the drug quinine, a range of objects described as malarial, as well as mosquitoes. Malarial Subjects explores this history of the co-constitution of a cure and disease, of British colo- nial rule and nonhumans, and of science, medicine and empire. This title is also available as Open Access. rohan deb roy is Lecturer in South Asian History at the University of Reading. He received his PhD from University College London, and has held postdoctoral fellowships at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences Calcutta, at the University of Cambridge, and at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Joint Committee on the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016
    LOK SABHA REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE CITIZENSHIP (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2016 (SIXTEENTH LOK SABHA) LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI January, 2019/PAUSHA 1940(Saka) 1 LOK SABHA REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE CITIZENSHIP (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2016 (SIXTEENTH LOK SABHA) PRESENTED TO LOK SABHA ON 7 JANUARY, 2019 LAID IN RAJYA SABHA ON 7 JANUARY, 2019 LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT 2 NEW DELHI January, 2019/PAUSHA 1940(Saka) CONTENTS Page Nos. COMPOSITION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE (I) INTRODUCTION (iii) REPORT 1-77 BILL AS REPORTED BY JOINT COMMITTEE 78-79 APPENDICES I. Motion in Lok Sabha for Reference of the Bill 80 to the Joint Committee II. Motion in Rajya Sabha for Reference of the Bill 81 to the Joint Committee III. Motion regarding Extension of Time 82 - 82A IV. Notes of Dissent 83 - 127 V. Minutes of the Sittings of the Joint Committee 128 - 190 VI. List of Stakeholders/Organisations/Associations/ 191 - 433 Individuals from whom Memoranda were received in response to the Press Communique issued on 17.09.2016. VII. List of Stakeholders/Public representatives from 434 - 435 whom Memoranda were received through various other sources viz. Ministry of Home Affairs, Prime Minister's Office, President's Secretariat etc. VIII. List of Non-official witnesses who tendered oral 436 - 440 evidence before the Committee 3 COMPOSITION OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE CITIZENSHIP (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2016 *Shri Rajendra Agrawal - CHAIRPERSON MEMBERS Lok Sabha 2. Shri Ramen Deka 3. Shri Pralhad Venkatesh Joshi 4. Shri Kamakhya Prasad Tasa 5. Shri Gopal Chinayya Shetty 6. Shri Om Birla 7.
    [Show full text]
  • East-West Part II
    http://parijat69.blogspot.com East-West (Purbo-Paschim) PART TWO by Sunil Gangopadhyay East-West (Part Two): Outside a plush hotel in New York, an Indian youth is seen waiting for an appointment. He is desperately in need of a job. He is Atin, the young boy of Part One who gets mixed up in politics, and is obliged to leave the country, much against his will. He is still a revolutionary at heart, he hates his exile in America. The large canvas of this novel covers three continents, but more particularly the dramatic events following the partition of India, the political unrest in West Bengal, the plight of the refugees and the birth of a new nation, Bangladesh. The social and political reality instead of remaining a backdrop takes on centre stage where simultaneously individual lives unfold, each with it's own account of love, hate, passion and betrayal. The author takes a dispassionate look at the Naxal revolutionaries, exposing their vulnerability, the colossal tragedy of so many promising lives coming to a pointless end. On the other side, in the other Bengal, events move to an inexorable climax, while the fictional characters flit across the stage, the shadow of actual historical figures loom large — Ayub Khan, Yahya Khan, General Niazi and the day by day account of how the mighty Pakistan Army, one of the best in the world was doomed to a most humiliating defeat. This novel of epic proportions is an unique experiment in blending fiction with facts, an attempt to truthfully capture a swiftly moving course of events, a compelling novel difficult to put down.
    [Show full text]
  • Homoeopathic Families, Hindu Nation and the Legislating State
    Homoeopathic Families, Hindu Nation and the Legislating State: Making of a Vernacular Science, Bengal 1866-1941 Shinjini Das University College London Dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2011 1 Declaration I, Shinjini Das, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This dissertation explores the cultural production of homoeopathy as a ‘vernacular science’ in Bengal between 1866 and 1941. In mapping homoeopathy’s vernacularisation, it studies the disparate ways in which the historical understanding of ‘homoeopathy’ and ‘family’ in late nineteenth- early twentieth century Bengal informed one another. It builds upon the historical literature published on homoeopathy and family in colonial Bengal in studying the myriad registers in which the two categories intersected. The first Bengal based private family firm investing in homoeopathic publications and in the importation and sale of homoeopathic drugs was established in 1866. In 1941 under the imperatives of the nationalist Congress Party, homoeopathy was formally recognised as ‘scientific medicine’ by the colonial state and a State Faculty of Homoeopathy was established. This dissertation looks at the interactions and conversations between North Calcutta based familial homoeopathic firms, sporadically dispersed mofussil actors, the British colonial state and the emergent nationalist governments to explore the ways in which homoeopathy was domesticated as a specific worldview, an ethic, a vision and regimen of looking at and leading life in Bengal in the period under study. Imbued with potent nationalist sensibilities and invested with deep religio-cultural resonances, homoeopathy managed to inhabit the liminal space between being a European science and an indigenous quotidian life practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Then Again It Was the Workers and Students Who Formed
    501 : Then again it was the workers and students who formed the hardcore of the non- cooperation movement launched by Sheikh for fighting against the Bhutto-Yahya conspiracy. And finally, when the armed might of Yahya Khan was let loose on the unsuspecting and unarmed people of Bangladesh to put at naught their democratic rights, the war of liberation began. Here also, as in other previous occasions, the workers were the first to join the war of liberation as fighters and volunteers. The carnage, the ruthless killings, unprecedented mass massacres perpetuated on our people to-day by Yahya Khan and his army have not been able to break the will and determination of the workers of Bangladesh. About one lakh members of the working class in Bangladesh have been killed so far. Residential colonies of the industrial workers through the length and breadth of Bangladesh have been systematically gutted down. In Adamjie Jute Mills premises, the invaders killed hundreds of workers in a mosque. The West Pakistani Army are now singling out leading workers and their families, killing them at sight, looting their meager possessions up to the last grain of rice. Those who have escaped the initial onslaught of tanks and mortars are now fighting a slow and painful death due to lack of shelter and food. In the face of all these odds and atrocities the workers are still continuing their struggle. The non-cooperation call given by the Bangabandhu is being continued in to by our working class people. For the industrial and communication workers, non- cooperation is an effective weapon to, destroy the economic base of the invaders.
    [Show full text]
  • Representing Pakistan Through Folk Music and Dance
    University of Alberta Representing Pakistan through Folk Music and Dance by Shumaila Hemani A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Ethnomusicology Department of Music © Shumaila Hemani Fall 2011 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Mein tā koī khayāl I am just a thought Hun milī sā nāl khayāl dey Let my thought become a reality (Sachal Sarmast) Dedicated to the three most inspiring women in my life: my mother, Regula and Veengas Abstract: Folk music is a site of contestation to define national culture and language amongst the cultural elites in Pakistan. The elites who established cultural institutions for the promotion of folk music represented Pakistan either as a cultural unit with Islam and the Urdu language as its unifying bond, or resisted this position by considering Pakistan as a culturally diverse unit, in which national culture could emerge only through a synthesis of regional cultures and not through the imposition of a single culture and language.
    [Show full text]
  • Independence Day Award
    Independence Day Award Independence Day Award (Bengali: sাধীনতা িদবস পরু sার) The gold medal recognition of substantial contribution to Awarded for any fields in national life. Presented by Government of Bangladesh Country Bangladesh Location Dhaka, Bangladesh First awarded 1977 Last awarded 2008 The Independence Day Award (Bengali: sাধীনতা িদবস পদক),also termed Independence Award (Bengali: sাধীনতা পুরsার), is the highest state award given by the government of Bangladesh.Introduced in 1977, this award is bestowed upon Bangladeshi citizens or organizations in recognition of substantial contribution to one of many fields, including the War of Liberation, the language movement, education, literature, journalism, public service, science and technology, medical science, social science, song, games and sports, fine arts, rural development, and other areas. Each awardee receives a gold medal, a certificate of honour, and a sum of cash. The amount of the cash reward was originally taka 20 thousand, but was subsequently increased to taka one lac (.10 million in Bangladeshi currency) in 2004. A cabinet committee on national awards prepares the list of each year's nominees and forwards the list to the head of the government for final approval.The award is traditionally presented on the eve of Independence day in Bangladesh at a much publicized ceremony attended by several cabinet and parliament members and distinguished society guests. Contents List of awardees –1977 –1978 –1979 –1980 –1981 –1982 –1983–1984 –1985 –1986 –1987 – 1988 –1989 –1990 –1991 –1992 –1993 –1994 –1995 –1996 –1997 –1998 –2000 –2001 –2002 – 2003 –2004 –2005 –2006 –2007 –2008 –References 1 List of awardees The following people have received the Independence Day Award since its inception.
    [Show full text]
  • The Implementation of Rural Poor Programmes in Bangladesh
    THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RURAL POOR PROGRAMMES IN BANGLADESH A Study of the Initiatives of the Government and Non-Government Organisations Tanvir Ahmed Khan Submitted to the Department of Town and Regional Planning at the University of Sheffield in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. August 1989 ABSTRACT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RURAL POOR PROGRA1+(S IN BANGLADESH A Study of the Initiatives of the Government and Non-Government Organisations Tanvir Ahmed Khan August 1989 This study explores the initiatives of the public and private sector in the context of the alleviation of poverty of the rural poor in Bangladesh. The central thesis is that the public sector has made a significant departure, at least in theory, towards the conceptualisation of the rural poor progranine in a way that the private sector, particularly the non-governmental organisations, have been performing for the last two decades. This study emphasises the recognition by the NGOs, particularly the "moderate ones, that the nature of both the problems and the solutions change in the process. Bangladesh Rural Advancement Coninittee (BRAC), the "moderate" NGO under study, has gone through a "learn as it goes", responsive, inductive process. This study argues quite the contrary with the public sector initiative. It was only prior to the preparation of the Third Five Year Plan that debates were initiated to seriously criticise the rather sterile two-tier cooperative model for rural poor mobilisation around employment generation and acquisition of assets. Presently, BRDB opened the "flood-gate", which so long prevented the NGOs to contribute to the formulation of the training module of BRDB rural poor progranine towards human development and institution building.
    [Show full text]