Land Unit Master

Land Unit Information Sheet

Land system name: White Mountains

Land unit: WM1

General description This land unit represents the steep slope and narrow crests of the White Mountains land system. The soils vary considerably, both in textural changes down the profile and depth, however, yellowish-brown, gravelly Chromosols (texture-contrast profiles) and red Kandosols (gradational-textured profiles) are most common. Dense woodlands of spindly Acacia shirleyi (lancewood) are dominant, with regular occurrences of Corymbia trachyphloia (brown bloodwood), C. lamprophylla (shiny-leaved bloodwood) and C. leichhardtii (rustyjacket), with an occasional C. plena (large-fruited bloodwood) and Eucalyptus exilipes (fine-leaved ironbark). Other common species inclede Grevillea glauca (bushy's clothes peg), G. pteridifolia (golden parrot tree), Labichea rupestris ( no common name) and Jacksonia ramosissima (dogwood). A sparse ground cover consists of Triodia mitchellii (soft spinifex), Themeda triandra (kangaroo grass), Aristida leptopoda (white speargrass) and Cleistochloa subjuncea (zigzag grass). Regional ecosystem 10.10.1 and 10.10.2 are co-dominant.

Site characteristics Landform element Average slope Hillcrest and hillslope 20-25% Site drainage Soil permeability Rapidly drained Moderately permeable Flooding risk Inundation risk Nil Nil Potential recharge to groundwater Soil depth Very high Shallow; 0.25 - <0.5 m Present land use National Park

Susceptibility to land degradation processes

Sheet erosion Gully erosion Wind erosion Salting Very high High Very low Very low

This information has been generated from the Desert Uplands Land Resource Database. The Environmental Protection Agency accepts no liability for any decisions or actions taken on the basis of this information. State of Queensland. Environmental Protection Agency 2004.

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 1 Representative site number: 1620

Soil classification Australian Soil Classification Principle Profile Form CH AC AF CD - B H K O U Dy2.51 - 1/0/018

General soil description A texture contrast soil with a gravelly, sandy topsoil over a yellowish-brown clay subsoil.

Soil profile morphology

Horizon Horizon no Depth Description A 1 0.00 - 0.18 Grey sand; No mottles; common small pebbles subangular Quartz coarse fragments; no segregations; Dry weak; Abrupt to; B2t 2 0.18 - 0.43 Light yellowish brown sandy clay; Few 2-10% Medium 5-15mm distinct orange mottles; few medium pebbles subrounded Quartz coarse fragments; no segregations; Dry weak; R 3 0.43 - 2.00+

Soil chemical analysis P S H A D P h a G N o O S o i l H S l o u s m s r D r t u o t r o l s p i

a m a t g a z c t e d p a a r p v e r s k a o o p i i t i H t i e h r z s n c t e i n u n n t s n e o l o i i h i n i s

u t t i u r g c % n n r o e y t m m u

o n n s . t

A 1 0.00 - 0.18 4.7 25.28 Deficient Deficient Very low 0.26 Nil - Very low Moderate N Y High B2t 2 0.18 - 0.43 4.5 10.83 Deficient Deficient Very low 0.17 Low Low Y N Nil

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 2 Field sites within this land unit (see technical report for original site nos.) Site code Site type Site code Site type Site code Site type Site code Site type 1618 DUSLARA Tertiary 4238 Corveg 4352 Corveg 4849 Corveg 1619 DUSLARA Tertiary 4243 Corveg 4353 Corveg 4850 Corveg 1620 DUSLARA Primary 4281 Corveg 4378 Corveg 4886 Corveg 1629 DUSLARA Tertiary 4299 Corveg 4379 Corveg 4887 Corveg 3520 Corveg 4300 Corveg 4388 Corveg 4894 Corveg 3524 Corveg 4301 Corveg 4389 Corveg 4895 Corveg 3525 Corveg 4302 Corveg 4402 Corveg 4899 Corveg 3574 Corveg 4303 Corveg 4406 Corveg 4902 Corveg 3575 Corveg 4304 Corveg 4409 Corveg 4904 Corveg 3576 Corveg 4306 Corveg 4411 Corveg 4906 Corveg 3577 Corveg 4319 Corveg 4414 Corveg 4942 Corveg 4188 Corveg 4320 Corveg 4806 Corveg 4968 Corveg 4189 Corveg 4321 Corveg 4807 Corveg 4969 Corveg 4215 Corveg 4329 Corveg 4813 Corveg 4970 Corveg 4216 Corveg 4330 Corveg 4814 Corveg 4978 Corveg 4217 Corveg 4331 Corveg 4815 Corveg 4981 Corveg 4218 Corveg 4347 Corveg 4844 Corveg 4983 Corveg 4234 Corveg 4348 Corveg 4845 Corveg 4984 Corveg 4236 Corveg 4350 Corveg 4847 Corveg 4985 Corveg 4237 Corveg 4351 Corveg 4848 Corveg 4986 Corveg

Summary of plant species within this land unit

Species Common name Abutilon arenarium - Acacia burdekensis Acacia dietrichiana Acacia drepanocarpa subsp. drepanocarpa Acacia faucium Acacia galioides Acacia gnidium Acacia julifera catkin wattle* Acacia julifera subsp. curvinervia catkin wattle Acacia julifera subsp. gilbertensis - Acacia julifera subsp. julifera Acacia lazaridis Acacia leptocarpa north coast wattle* Acacia leptostachya slender wattle Acacia longispicata wattle, black wattle, curracabah Acacia macradenia zig-zag wattle* Acacia multisiliqua wattle Acacia platycarpa ghost wattle Acacia ramiflora (6) - Acacia shirleyi lancewood* Acacia simsii - Acacia sp. Acacia triptera spur-wing wattle* Acacia uncifera - Acanthospermum hispidum star burr*, bristly starburr, goat's head, upright starburr Alphitonia excelsa soap bush*, red ash, soaptree, white myrtle

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 3 Species Common name Alstonia constricta bitterbark*, fever bark, Peruvian bark, quinine, quinine bush, quinine tree Alternanthera micrantha joyweed Alyxia spicata - Ammannia multiflora jerry-jerry* Amyema bifurcatum mistletoe Amyema congener - Amyema quandang grey mistletoe Aphyllodium biarticulatum thick trefoil Apophyllum anomalum broom bush*, warrier bush Aristida burraensis - Aristida jerichoensis Jericho wiregrass, blue speargrass, Jericho three-awn, No. 9 wiregrass, Number nine Aristida leptopoda white speargrass*, bunch speargrass, spreading wiregrass, white wiregrass Aristida sp. three-awn speargrass*, wiregrass Arundinella nepalensis reedgrass* Astrotricha pterocarpa hair plant Babingtonia squarrulosa - Bacopa floribunda Beyeria viscosa sticky wallaby bush, pinkwood Beyeria viscosa var. obovata - Boronia bipinnata rock boronia* Boronia eriantha - Boronia sp. Boronia sp. (Warang R.J.Cumming 9671) Boronia sp. (Yarrowmere R.J.Henderson H2853) Bossiaea armitii Bossiaea carinalis Brachychiton populneus subsp. trilobus Brunoniella acaulis Bulbostylis barbata dainty sedge Cajanus acutifolius - Callistemon chisholmii Calytrix microcoma desert fringe myrtle, desert heather Calytrix sp. desert heather Canthium attenuatum myrtle Canthium odoratum shiny-leaved canthium*, sweet susie*, lamboto Canthium oleifolium myrtle tree,* wild lemon Canthium sp. (Charters Towers - T.Stuart TWR116) Capparis canescens wild orange*, pomegranate*, wild pomegranate Cassytha filiformis dodder laurel*, dodder, love vine Cassytha pubescens downy devil's twine,* strangle vine, dodder-laurel, devil's vine, downy dodder lauren, blackfellow twine, devil's twine, rushy dodder laurel, spilled devil's twine Centipeda minima spreading sneezeweed, gukwonderuk, sneezeweed Cheilanthes sieberi mulga fern*, resurrection fern*, rock fern Chrysopogon fallax golden beardgrass*, golden-beard grass, ribbon grass Cleistochloa subjuncea zig-zag grass Comesperma pallidum -

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 4 Species Common name Corymbia brachycarpa (Eucalyptus gum topped bloodwood brachycarpa) Corymbia citriodora spotted gum*, lemon-scented gum, lemon-scented iron gum Corymbia lamprophylla (Eucalyptus shiny-leaf bloodwood lamprophylla) Corymbia leichhardtii rustyjacket*, variable-leaved yellowjacket*, yellowjacket, Leichhardt's jacket Corymbia plena large fruited bloodwood Corymbia serendipita (Corymbia Newcastle Range bloodwood* arnhemensis subsp. Monticola) Corymbia setosa (Eucalyptus setosa) rough-leaved bloodwood*, desert bloodwood, rough-leaf bloodwood, applejack, hairy gum Corymbia setosa subsp. pedicellaris - Corymbia sp. bloodwood Corymbia trachyphloia subsp. - trachyphloia Crotalaria medicaginea trefoil rattlepod* Cyanthillium cinereum (Vernonia veronia cinerea) Cymbopogon bombycinus silky-top grass*, silky oilgrass, citronella grass, native lemon grass Cymbopogon obtectus silkyheads*, lemon scentgrass, woolly-headed grass Cyperus castaneus var. castaneus - Cyperus dactylotes Cyperus exaltatus tall flatsedge*, short cutty grass, giant sedge Cyperus iria rice sedge, variable sedge, rice flatsedge Dampiera adpressa bushy dampiera*, fan flower* Dianella longifolia smooth flax lily, blue flax lily, blueberry lily Dianella revoluta blueberry lily*, spreading flax lily, black anther flax lily Digitaria breviglumis - Digitaria sp. (Mt Mulligan J.R.Clarkson 5821) Distichostemon dodecandrus distichostemon Dodonaea filifolia hop bush*, thread-leaf hop-bush* Dodonaea sp. hopbush* Dodonaea stenophylla hop bush* Dodonaea viscosa subsp. cuneata Enneapogon sp. bottlewashers* Epaltes australis spreading nutheads* Eragrostis lacunaria purple lovegrass*, lovegrass, neverfail Eragrostis schultzii - Eriachne ciliata Eriachne mucronata mountain wanderrie grass*, rock grass Eriachne sp. - Erythroxylum australe cocaine tree*, native cocaine, native cocoa, turkey bush Eucalyptus ammophila sandplain red gum* Eucalyptus camaldulensis river red gum*, creek gum, flooded gum, Murray red gum, red gum, river gum Eucalyptus crebra ironbark*, narrow-leaved red ironbark*, narrow-leaf ironbark, red ironbark Eucalyptus exilipes fine-leaved ironbark* Eucalyptus exserta Queensland peppermint*, bendo, messmate, peppermint, yellow messmate Eucalyptus mediocris - Eucalyptus miniata Darwin woollybutt*, woollybutt, northern woollybutt

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 5 Species Common name Eucalyptus persistens Normanton box Eucalyptus quadricostata (4) - Eucalyptus similis Queensland yellowjacket*, yellowjacket Eulalia aurea silky browntop*, browntop, satintop, sugar grass, swamp grass Ficus opposita sandpaper fig* Ficus platypoda (Ficus platypoda var. rock breaker fig*, rock fig*, small-leaved Moreton Bay fig*, native fig platypoda) Fimbristylis bisumbellata - Fimbristylis dichotoma common fringe-rush*, fimbri sedge*, eight-day grass Fimbristylis sp. finger rush Gahnia aspera cut sedge*, razor grass*, saw sedge* Gastrolobium grandiflorum heart-leaf poison bush*, desert poison bush, Australian poison bush, desert poison, heart-leaf poison, pea-flowered poison bush, wallflower, wallflower poison bush Glycine tomentella woolly glycine*, rusty glycine Gonocarpus acanthocarpus - Goodenia sp. goodenia* Goodenia sp. (Yarrowmere - R.J.Henderson+ H2844) Grevillea decora red grevillea Grevillea glauca bushy's clothes peg*, bushmans clothes peg Grevillea longistyla - Grevillea pteridifolia golden parrot tree* Grevillea sessilis - Grewia retusifolia dysentery bush*, dog's balls*, emu berry Haemodorum coccineum bloodroot* Hannafordia shanesii - Hardenbergia perbrevidens Hemigenia cuneifolia Heteropogon contortus black speargrass*, bunch speargrass*, speargrass Hibbertia exutiacies - Hibbertia oligodonta Hibbertia stricta erect Guinea flower*, Guinea flower* Homoranthus thomasii - Hovea lanceolata Hybanthus enneaspermus spade flower*, blue spade flower Indigofera haplophylla - Jacksonia ramosissima Jacksonia rhadinoclona Miles dogwood* Jacksonia sp. - Jacksonia thesioides Jasminum didymum native jasmine* Keraudrenia collina - Keraudrenia corollata inland velvet flower* Keraudrenia lanceolata - Keraudrenia sp. (Hannaford S.L.Everist 1769) Labichea rupestris Larsenaikia ochreata Leersia hexandra swamp rice grass*, bareet grass Leptosema oxylobioides -

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 6 Species Common name Leptosema sp. (Burra Range F.D.Hockings 30) Leptospermum lamellatum flaky-barked teatree* Leptospermum polygalifolium tantoon*, wild may, yellow teatree Lithomyrtus microphylla - Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida Lomandra leucocephala iron grass*, woolly matrush*, woolly-headed matrush Lomandra longifolia longleaf matrush*, spinyhead matrush*, long matrush, sag, spiny-headed matrush Lomandra multiflora many-flowered matrush Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora many flowered matrush* Lophostemon grandiflorus - Lophostemon suaveolens swamp box*, swamp mahogany, swamp turpentine, water gum Lysiana exocarpi harlequin mistletoe Lysiana exocarpi subsp. exocarpi - Lysicarpus angustifolius budgeroo* Macarthuria neocambrica - Maytenus cunninghamii yellow berry bush* Melaleuca bracteata black tea-tree*, black ti-tree*, river ti-tree*, bracteate teatree Melaleuca leucadendra broad-leaved tea-tree*, weeping teatree Melaleuca nervosa paperbark teatree, woodland paperbark, fibrebark Melaleuca nervosa subsp. nervosa woodland paperbark, fibrebark, paperbark teatree Melaleuca tamariscina - Melaleuca tamariscina (Melaleuca tamariscina subsp. tamariscina) Melaleuca uncinata broom honey-myrtle*, broombush, black broom, broom honey myrtle, dyurr, mallee broombush, yangarra, youngie bush, tea-tree Melaleuca viridiflora broad-leaved ti-tree*, paperbark ti-tree*, broad-leaf teatree, broad-leaf paperbark Melhania oblongifolia velvet hibiscus Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum repens) red natal grass*, natal grass, natal redtop (1,5) Microcorys queenslandica - Mirbelia aotoides Notelaea microcarpa native olive*, small fruited mock olive* Ochrosperma adpressum - Oldenlandia sp. Paraneurachne muelleri Paspalidium albovillosum pale summer grass Paspalidium constrictum (Paspalidium knottybutt grass*, knotty-butt paspalidium, box grass, slender panic, spartellum) graceful picnic grass Pavetta granitica - Persoonia falcata milky plum, wild pear, geebung Petalostigma banksii smooth-leaved quinine Petalostigma pubescens quinine tree*, bitterbark, native quince, quinine berry, quinine bush Phebalium glandulosum subsp. - glandulosum Phebalium nottii pink phebalium* Pityrodia salviifolia pityrodia* Planchonia careya cockatoo apple*, cocky apple*, cockey apple, billygoat plum, mangaloo Platysace valida - Pogonolobus reticulatus medicine bush, dye bush

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 7 Species Common name Polycarpaea corymbosa - Prostanthera leichhardtii Prostanthera parvifolia Pseudanthus pimeleoides Santalum lanceolatum plum bush*, sandalwood*, wild plum*, cherry bush, native plumbush, northern sandalwood, plumwood, true sandalwood, bush plum Sauropus elachophyllus - Schoenus kennyi Scleria brownii sedge Scleria sphacelata razor grass Scoparia dulcis (1,5) scoparia* Senna aciphylla Australian senna*, sprawling cassia Senna costata - Setaria surgens pigeon grass, annual setaria Sida cordifolia - Solanum ellipticum potato bush*, hillside flannel bush, potato weed, tomato bush, velvet nightshade, velvet potato bush, wild gooseberry Solanum parvifolium wild tomato* Sporobolus caroli fairy grass*, yakka grass*, pretty sporobolus, small pepper grass Stephania japonica snake vine*, tape vine* Syncarpia glomulifera subsp. turpentine glomulifera Tephrosia brachyodon - Tephrosia juncea tephrosia Themeda avenacea native oatgrass*, native oat, oat kangaroo grass, oatgrass, tall oat, tall oatgrass Themeda triandra kangaroo grass*, red oatgrass Thryptomene parviflora - Triodia longiceps giant grey spinifex*, black spinifex, porcupine grass Triodia mitchellii buck spinifex*, spinifex, soft spinifex Triodia pungens soft spinifex, gummy spinifex, spinifex Triodia sp. spinifex Waltheria indica waltheria Xanthorrhoea johnsonii forest grasstree*, blackboy*, grasstree* Zieria sp. (White Mt D.G.Fell+ DGF1257) -

1. Introduced plant 2. Consider for protection 3. Pending registration 4. Rare plant 5. Environmental weed 6. Endangered plant 7. Vulnerable plant 8. Agricultural pest * Wildnet preferred common name; Species in brackets refer to previously known name

Special features Implications for land use

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 8 Special features Implications for land use This land system lies predominantly within the White The soil profile has very low pH values (acidic), and aluminium Mountains National Park area, providing opportunities to levels are toxic to some plant species. record, study and appreciate the flora and fauna of this The nutrient levels are very low with deficiencies in unique landscape in its natural condition. phosphorus and potassium. The steeply-dissected landscape has a high scenic value, The loose sandy topsoils and steep slopes impart a very high particularly the sandstone cliffs and caves. erosion risk on the landscape. The biodiversity remains largely unknown. This land unit is included in Land Management Unit 1. A natural refuge for native wildlife that have specialised habitat needs such as bare stony ground, sheltered gorges, or caves and crevices in sandstone and ironstone. A number of rare and threatened plants and other plants of conservation significance occur in this unit. The sandstone bedrock is a recharge zone for the Great Artesian Basin.

7/12/2005 Land Unit WM1 - page 9