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Download Legal Document Case: 18-11368 Document: 00514815688 Page: 1 Date Filed: 01/30/2019 No. 18-11368 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT SHANNON DAVES; SHAKENA WALSTON; ERRIYAH BANKS; DESTINEE TOVAR; PATROBA MICHIEKA; JAMES THOMPSON, On Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated; FAITH IN TEXAS; TEXAS ORGANIZING PROJECT EDUCATION FUND, Plaintiffs-Appellants Cross-Appellees, v. DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS; ERNEST WHITE, 194th; HECTOR GARZA, 195th; TERESA HAWTHORNE, 203rd; TAMMY KEMP, 204th; JENNIFER BENNETT, 265th; AMBER GIVENS-DAVIS, 282nd; LIVIA LIU FRANCIS, 283rd; STEPHANIE MITCHELL, 291st; BRANDON BIRMINGHAM, 292nd; TRACY HOLMES, 363rd; ROBERT BURNS, Number 1; NANCY KENNEDY, Number 2; GRACIE LEWIS, Number 3; DOMINIQUE COLLINS, Number 4; CARTER THOMPSON, Number 5; JEANINE HOWARD, Number 6; STEPHANIE FARGO, Number 7 Judges of Dallas County, Criminal District Courts, Defendants-Appellees Cross-Appellants, MARIAN BROWN; TERRIE MCVEA; LISA BRONCHETTI; STEVEN AUTRY; ANTHONY RANDALL; JANET LUSK; HAL TURLEY, Dallas County Magistrates; DAN PATTERSON, Number 1; JULIA HAYES, Number 2; DOUG SKEMP, Number 3; NANCY MULDER, Number 4; LISA GREEN, Number 5; ANGELA KING, Number 6; ELIZABETH CROWDER, Number 7; TINA YOO CLINTON, Number 8; PEGGY HOFFMAN, Number 9; ROBERTO CANAS, JR., Number 10; SHEQUITTA KELLY, Number 11 Judges of Dallas County, Criminal Courts at Law, Defendants-Appellees. On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Case No. 3:18-cv-00154-N BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE CURRENT AND FORMER PROSECUTORS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICIALS, LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS, AND JUDGES IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS _______________________________ [Counsel listed on inside cover] Case: 18-11368 Document: 00514815688 Page: 2 Date Filed: 01/30/2019 MARY B. MCCORD JOSHUA A. GELTZER SETH WAYNE INSTITUTE FOR CONSTITUTIONAL ADVOCACY AND PROTECTION GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY LAW CENTER 600 New Jersey Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20001 (202) 661-6607 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae Case: 18-11368 Document: 00514815688 Page: 3 Date Filed: 01/30/2019 CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS The following listed persons and entities as described in the fourth sentence of Circuit Rule 28.2.1 have an interest in the outcome of this case. These representations are made so that members of the Court may evaluate possible recusal. Plaintiffs-Appellants-Cross-Appellees Counsel Shannon Daves Alec Karakatsanis Shakena Walston Elizabeth Rossi Erriyah Banks A. Dami Animashaun Destinee Tovar CIVIL RIGHTS CORPS Patroba Michieka James Thompson Daniel S. Volchok Faith in Texas Saurabh Sanghvi Texas Organizing Project Education Fund Beth C. Neitzel WILMER CUTLER PICKERING HALE AND DORR LLP Andre Segura Trisha Trigilio Kali Cohn ACLU FOUNDATION OF TEXAS Brandon J. Buskey Andrea Woods ACLU FOUNDATION CRIMINAL LAW REFORM PROJECT Susanne Pringle TEXAS FAIR DEFENSE PROJECT Defendants-Appellees-Cross-Appellants Counsel Dallas County, Texas Elizabeth Gabrielle Bloch Katharine D. David i Case: 18-11368 Document: 00514815688 Page: 4 Date Filed: 01/30/2019 Philip J. Morgan Benjamin R. Stephens HUSCH BLACKWELL, LLP Peter L. Harlan DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE FOR THE COUNTY OF DALLAS Ernest White Eric Alan Hudson Hector Garza OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY Teresa Hawthorne GENERAL, FINANCIAL LITIGATION Tammy Kemp AND CHARITABLE TRUSTS DIVISION Jennifer Bennett Amber Givens-Davis Livia Liu Francis Stephanie Mitchell Brandon Birmingham Tracy Holmes Robert Burns Nancy Kennedy Gracie Lewis Dominique Collins Carter Thompson Jeanine Howard Stephanie Fargo Defendants-Appellees Counsel Marian Brown Elizabeth Gabrielle Bloch Terrie McVea Katharine D. David Lisa Bronchetti Philip J. Morgan Steven Autry Benjamin R. Stephens Anthony Randall HUSCH BLACKWELL, LLP Janet Lusk Hal Turley Peter L. Harlan Dan Patterson DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE FOR Julia Hayes THE COUNTY OF DALLAS Doug Skemp Nancy Mulder Lisa Green ii Case: 18-11368 Document: 00514815688 Page: 5 Date Filed: 01/30/2019 Angela King Elizabeth Crowder Peter L. Harlan Tina Yoo Clinton DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE FOR Peggy Hoffman THE COUNTY OF DALLAS Roberto Canas, Jr. Shequitta Kelly /s/ Mary B. McCord MARY B. MCCORD iii Case: 18-11368 Document: 00514815688 Page: 6 Date Filed: 01/30/2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF INTERESTED PERSONS ......................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... iv STATEMENT OF INTEREST .................................................................................. 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ................................................................................. 2 ARGUMENT ............................................................................................................. 3 I. A Criminal Justice System Free From Wealth-Based Discrimination Is Critical to the System’s Legitimacy and Is Constitutionally Required................... 3 A. Bail-Reform Efforts Have Long Recognized that Wealth-Based Detention Is Unjust .......................................................................................... 3 B. Unnecessary Pretrial Detention Has Severe Adverse Consequences that Implicate Public Safety .................................................................................... 6 C. Perception of Fairness is the Foundation of an Effective Criminal Justice System ............................................................................................................10 D. Equal Protection and Due Process Prohibit Wealth-Based Detention .....11 II. Where Nonfinancial Conditions of Pretrial Release Are Used, They Are Effective at Achieving Court Attendance and Preserving Public Safety ..............13 III. This Court Should Reject Arguments Made in Other Cases by the Bail Industry’s Defenders .............................................................................................19 A. The Historical Use of Money Bail Does Not Make Discrimination Based Solely on Inability to Pay Constitutionally Permissible ................................20 B. A Bail System Premised on Individualized Assessments Is the Fairest and Most Effective Bail System ....................................................................23 C. The Bond Schedule’s Facial Neutrality Does Not Save It From Constitutional Infirmity .................................................................................25 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 27 APPENDIX: LIST OF AMICI CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE iv Case: 18-11368 Document: 00514815688 Page: 7 Date Filed: 01/30/2019 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660 (1983) .........................................................................................12 Buffin v. City & County of San Francisco, No. 15-cv-04959 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 6, 2017), ECF No. 119 ..............................19 Griffin v. Illinois, 351 U.S 12 (1956) ............................................................................................12 Holland v. Rosen, 895 F.3d 272 (3d Cir. 2018) ................................................................. 4, 20, 24 ODonnell v. Harris County [ODonnell I], 251 F. Supp. 3d 1052 (S.D. Tex. 2017) .......................................................8, 24 ODonnell v. Harris County [ODonnell II], 892 F.3d 147 (5th Cir. 2018) ................................................................ 3, 12, 13 Pugh v. Rainwater, 572 F.2d 1053, (5th Cir. 1978) ....................................................................3, 11 Stack v. Boyle, 342 U.S. 1 (1951) .........................................................................................3, 20 Tate v. Short, 401 U.S. 395 (1971) .........................................................................................26 Williams v. Illinois, 399 U.S. 235 (1970) ............................................................................ 22, 25, 26 Statutes 18 U.S.C. § 3142 ....................................................................................................5, 6 18 U.S.C. § 3148 ........................................................................................................ 6 725 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/110-2 ....................................................................................... 6 Ariz. R. Crim. P. 7.2 .................................................................................................. 6 v Case: 18-11368 Document: 00514815688 Page: 8 Date Filed: 01/30/2019 Ariz. R. Crim. P. 7.3 .................................................................................................. 6 Ark. R. Crim. P. 9.1 ................................................................................................... 6 Ark. R. Crim. P. 9.2 ................................................................................................... 6 Conn. Gen. Stat. § 54-63d .......................................................................................... 6 Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 54-63b ........................................................................................ 6 D.C. Code § 23-1321 ................................................................................................. 6 Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 431.066 ................................................................................... 6 Mass. Gen. Laws. ch. 276, § 58 ................................................................................
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