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Burlington, Vermont War of 1812 Sites: Downtown Area

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Burlington, Vermont War of 1812 Sites: Downtown Area 5. The Burlington Jail Site 7. Elmwood Avenue Cemetery Crime, perpetrated by soldiers and civilians alike, In the waning moments of the naval engage- increased sharply in Burlington during the War of ment at the Battle of Plattsburgh, on September Burlington, Vermont 1812. Infractions included everything from selling 11, 1814, the twenty-seven year old pilot of the War of 1812 Sites: government property, breaking windows, assault, American agship, USS Saratoga, Joseph Barron Jr., burglary, and horse theft. Those apprehended could of Ferrisburg, VT, received a fatal wound as he Downtown Area nd themselves either in checked his watch to mark the time of the end of the Cantonment’s guard- the ght. He reportedly died on Crab Island house or in Burlington’s leaving behind his wife, Ida, two children, and a jail. The jail, built ca. father who owned some property in Burlington at 1803-1807, was located on the southwest corner of St. Paul and Pearl streets, the east side of Church near where the Catholic Cathedral stands today. Street, between Bank Street and Cherry Street. During the war, debate occasionally arose over who had the authority to hold soldiers who commit- ted crimes against civilians. On one occasion late in The Battle of Plattsburgh 1813, a group of armed By several accounts, Joseph soldiers “liberated” several Barron’s body was taken to of their comrades accused Burlington and interred in the of theft from this jail. Elmwood Avenue Cemetery Although the jail burned in on September 22, 1814 with 1821, it was replaced and services preformed by Rev. the site served the as the Clark and Rev. Sanger. How- jail’s location until 1887-1888. The Montgomery ever, a marker was also placed for him in the Riverside Ward Company built the present structure in 1929. Cemetery Avenue of the Elmwood Gates Cemetery in Plattsburgh, NY, near the graves of 6. The White Church Site This publication was sponsored by: several other ocers killed in the battle. The American Battleeld Protection Program On September 27, 1814, a large portion of U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service In later years, it became unclear which location Burlington’s population turned out to celebrate the GA 2255-10-003 was the true burial site. To settle the question, American victory at Plattsburgh with Com. Thomas With additional support from: members of the Daughters of the War of 1812, Gen. The City of Burlington, Vermont Macdonough and Gen. Alexander Macomb. The day The Vermont Agency of Transportation T.S. Peck, the City’s Heath Ocer, and the cemetery long event began with a service of thanksgiving at and the State of Vermont Division for Historic Preservation superintendant had Barron’s grave in Burlington Burlington’s then only church, built ca. 1812, which reopened in 1906. Within the grave, they found a Historical and archeological research by: was located just south of the southeast corner of Pearl The University of Vermont skeleton in a decayed con wrapped in blankets, Street and South Winooski Avenue. The festivities Consulting Archaeology Program along with pieces of a uniform and some buttons. ended with a dinner and a ball. The skeleton, they noted, had a hole in its parietal This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the The church burned in 1839 and Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any bone, which they believed to be consistent with the site is now occupied by the opinions, ndings, and conclusions or recommendations Barron’s fatal wound. expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not First Congregational Church. necessarily reect the views of the Department of the Interior. (Note: Elmwood Avenue Cemetery is open by appointment only.) Introduction The Downtown Sites 4. Gen. Wade Hampton’s H.Q. Site 6 Burlington, Vermont, located just 40 miles (64 N. Winooski Avenue S. Winooski Avenue Center St. In the summer of 1813, km) south of the Canadian boarder, served as a Clarke Street 5 Gen. Wade Hampton of Church Street Street Main major military base throughout the three-year long Elmwood Avenue Street College 1 Cemetery Street Grant 7 2 City Hall South Carolina arrived in conict between Great Britain and the United States Elmwood Avenue Street Pearl Park 4 Cherry Street Cherry St. Paul Street Burlington to take com- known as the War of 1812. During this time, the St. Paul St. Bank Street Bank King Street King mand of the American 3 North Street North George Street number of American troops stationed in Burlington Street Allen Peru Street Peru Pine Street forces in the Champlain Pine St. uctuated from a few hundred to over 4,000. This Murray Street Johnson St. View of the Jewett house ca. 1870s as Valley. Hampton, grandfa- military presence had a profound eect on the St. Monroe N part of the ‘American House’ (above). This hotel burned down and was ther of the noted Confeder- town, especially the emerging downtown area. replaced by the Hotel Vermont (below). 2. Nathan Haswell’s Store Site ate calvary commander by Prior to the war, the area around City Hall Park and At the beginning of the war, the the same name, set up his Church Street had developed into a center of U.S. government had to rely on headquarters in a house business, for a number of merchants, lawyers, inn local merchants in Burlington to built in 1808 by Moses keepers, craftsmen, and journalists. This area was help store their supplies. In July Jewett, a saddle maker, on also the site of several important institutions during of 1813, an American quartermas- the south side of City Hall the war including the courthouse, post oce, jail, UVM Special Collections ter found “every vacant store, cellar, and shed” in Park at the southeast corner and a church. town “lled with provisions,” including 3,124 barrels of Main Street and St. Paul Street. 1. Col. Isaac Clark’s H.Q. Site of pork, 6,885 barrels of beef, 591 casks of whiskey, By many accounts, Gen. Hampton had a dicult Early in 1812, the army and hundreds of pounds of our, as well as supplies personality, which one Burlingtonian described as appointed Col. Isaac Clark (1749- of vinegar, soap, candles, salt, shovels, axes, and “stern, passionate and arbitrary.” This combination 1822), an old Revolutionary War other tools in the town. One of these stores did not always sit well with veteran from Castleton, VT, to belonged to Nathan B. Haswell (1786-1855). His either his men or the locals. store was located on the north side of City Hall Park. After his disastrous campaign UVM Special Collections command at Burlington and to organize the 11th U.S. Infantry, a Haswell later stated that as acting commissary for into southern Quebec in the regiment raised in VT and NH. In the army in 1812, he built a large vat designed to fall of 1813, which ended in a June of 1812, Col. Clark purchased hold 300 barrels of salted beef in the basement for U.S. defeat at the Battle of the cantonment ground on the the use of the army. Chateaugay, he returned to the area only long enough to lake shore, which includes today’s 3. Nathan Haswells’ House Site collect his things. Anxious to Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton Battery Park. At the time, Col. Clark rented rooms in Nathan Haswell’s house stood at the southeast (1752-1835) the tavern at the northwest corner of the Lyman avoid a court marshal, Hampton resigned his corner of Main and Pine streets, where the brick commission and left the army. King House. This inn, built in 1798 was located at the armory, which was built in 1905, is today. In 1814, northeast corner of City Hall Park. It was destroyed Following the War of 1812, Moses Jewett’s house just before the Battle of Plattsburgh, militiamen was converted into the ‘American House.’ In 1817, by re in 1887 and replaced by the ‘Strong Block’ in gathered in Burlington waiting for transportation 1889. The Strong Block was, in turn, replaced by the President James Monroe stayed in this hotel during across the lake. Some of them camped near his tour of the region and its military sites (including brick rehouse built in 1889 and the white marble Haswell’s house and he gave them “free access” to bank built in 1931, which presently occupy the site. Vergennes, Rouse’s Point, and Plattsburgh). The his grounds, including his garden. After the war, third oor and east wing were added to the hotel Early in 1813, Col. Clark bought a house on King Haswell became a chief Street Although Clark was later relieved as the ca. 1824 and the south wing was added in 1844. proponent for the preserva- Fire severely damaged the building in 1871 and commander of Burlington and of the 11th Infantry, tion of Battery Park to com- he continued to serve as a commander of a small again in 1906. An entirely new hotel, the ‘Hotel memorate the town’s role in Vermont,’ was built on the site in 1910-1911. rie regiment on the northern frontier until 1815. the conict. .
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