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University of Texas at Tyler Scholar Works at UT Tyler Health and Kinesiology Theses Department of Health and Kinesiology Fall 12-14-2016 SMOKING PREVALENCE AND MEDIA IMPACT ON SMOKING BEHAVIORS AMONG ADULT LGBT PERSONS Christina Tuell University of Texas at Tyler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/hkdept_grad Part of the Other Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Tuell, Christina, "SMOKING PREVALENCE AND MEDIA IMPACT ON SMOKING BEHAVIORS AMONG ADULT LGBT PERSONS" (2016). Health and Kinesiology Theses. Paper 10. http://hdl.handle.net/10950/508 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Health and Kinesiology at Scholar Works at UT Tyler. It has been accepted for inclusion in Health and Kinesiology Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Works at UT Tyler. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SMOKING PREVALENCE AND MEDIA IMPACT ON SMOKING BEHAVIORS AMONG ADULT LGBT PERSONS by Christina Tuell A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Science of Health Science Department of Health and Kinesiology William Sorensen, Ph.D., Committee Chair College of Nursing and Health Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT TYLER December 2016 © Copyright 2016 by Christina Tuell All rights reserved. Dedication I dedicate this thesis to those who have worked to improve the lives of the LGBT community. “It takes no compromise to give people their rights… it takes no money to respect the individual. It takes no political deal to give people freedom. It takes no survey to remove repression.” – Harvey Milk Acknowledgements First I would like to thank Dr. William Sorensen, my thesis advisor and committee chair, for his amazing insight and support throughout the planning, research, and writing of this thesis. He encouraged me from the beginning to do a thesis and was there to guide me when needed. Dr. Cheryl Cooper provided valuable support and critiques during the collecting of data and the writing phases of this project. I will forever be thankful for the way she encouraged and empowered me to make the final edits my decision. Finally, I would like to offer my sincerest gratitude to Dr. Tasha Dubrwiny, Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at Texas A&M University. I appreciate your willingness to serve on my committee and to challenge the ways in which I approached my research. Through words of encouragement and patience from the committee, the daunting task of a thesis became as simple as having a hunch, developing a way to test said hunch, and then writing an unknown number of drafts until this final completed version. There are not enough ways to say thank you to them. I could not have completed my research without the support of the Health and Kinesiology Department. I will forever be grateful for not only the faculty and staff that have offered kind words and encouragement, but also the scholarships that were provided that allowed me to focus on my research. On a personal level, I would like to thank everyone in the LGBT community who participated in my survey and the three research assistant who viewed almost 40 hours TV and movies. I certainly could not have accomplished this feat without you all. Additionally, I hope that my research provides some insight into the health behaviors of the LGBT community and encourages future research. Lastly, I would like to extend a million thanks to those who supported me and helped shape this thesis (specifically Joshua Smith) despite the many unwritten rules (mainly with formatting) and hoops to get to the final product. The handling of procedure concerning style and guidelines led me once or twice to oppugn standards that have been sterling through my academic career. “All young people, regardless of sexual orientation or identity, deserve a safe and supportive environment in which to achieve their full potential.” – Harvey Milk Page Left Intentionally Blank i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ III LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... IV ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... V INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 3 EPIDEMIOLOGY .................................................................................................................... 4 MARKETING AND TARGETING .............................................................................................. 8 MINORITY STRESS MODEL ................................................................................................. 12 BEHAVIOR, ATTRACTION, AND SELF-IDENTIFICATION MODEL .......................................... 13 SELF-IDENTIFICATION ................................................................................................. 14 BEHAVIORAL & ATTRACTION IDENTIFICATION .............................................................. 16 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................... 16 METHODS ................................................................................................................................... 18 PARTICIPANTS .................................................................................................................... 18 GATEKEEPERS ............................................................................................................. 18 SURVEY PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................................. 18 MEDIA TALLY .............................................................................................................. 18 DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................................................ 19 SURVEY TOOL .............................................................................................................. 19 MEDIA TALLY SHEET.................................................................................................... 19 ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 22 SURVEY ....................................................................................................................... 22 MEDIA ........................................................................................................................ 22 i INCORPORATING BOTH COMPONENTS .......................................................................... 22 CONSENT AND APPROVALS ........................................................................................... 22 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................... 23 SURVEY FINDINGS ............................................................................................................. 23 MEDIA FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 28 INCORPORATING BOTH COMPONENTS ................................................................................ 32 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................... 34 SURVEY ....................................................................................................................... 34 MEDIA ........................................................................................................................ 37 LIMITATIONS AND STRENGTHS .......................................................................................... 39 SURVEY ....................................................................................................................... 39 MEDIA ........................................................................................................................ 40 FUTURE RESEARCH ............................................................................................................ 42 PERSONAL NOTE ................................................................................................................ 42 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 44 APPENDIX A. COMMON TERM DEFINITIONS .................................................................... 51 APPENDIX B. SURVEY ............................................................................................................. 52 APPENDIX C. TALLY FORM .................................................................................................... 60 APPENDIX D. IRB APPROVAL ................................................................................................ 62 ii List of Tables Table 1. Demographics & Smoking Status (n, %) .......................................................................

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