Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering

Experimental study and statistical calculus of efficiency Lake mud

PANAITESCU MARIANA Environmental and engineering Protection in Industry Department Maritime University Constanta, Mircea street,104, CP900663 [email protected] http://www.cmuedu.eu

SURDU OLGA Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University Constanta, str.124, [email protected] http://www.univovidius.ro

ONCIOIU IONICA Finances and Bancks Faculty, Tomis University Constanta, Petru Vulcan street,100, CP 900628 ROMANIA [email protected] http://univtomis.ro

Abstract: In this paperwork are presented the results of an experimental study realized on a batch of 20 subjects: 10 men and 10 females, made in Techirghiol Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium, between February – June 2009. During this study were measured the body temperature, the radial pulse, the blood pressure and the oscilometric index before and after the hypertherm mud application (mud pack/wrapping) in first, fourth, eighth and twelfth days of the cure. In this paper we present the variation of the temperature before and after mud application.In order to evaluate the range of efficiency were made statistical calculus on medium variation of obtained data. The results show that in first and fourth days determined parameters present important variation and at the end of cure twelfth days – they are in physiological limits. The high level of determined parameters are explained by effects of mud and salt water on the thermoregulation and blood circulation function.

KeyWords: body temperature, hyperthermia, peloïde, mud wrapping/pack, efficiency.

1 Introduction resulting from chemical analysis performed. Over time, coastal lakes were subject specialists from These changes have important repercussions on the different research areas. Also, specialized institutions hydrochemical regime of quantitative and qualitative surveyed including lifting topometric complex, analysis component of biocenoses those important elements for hydrochemistry, hydrogeology studies. maintaining ecological balance and mud sludge The motivation of this choice stems from the formation. awareness of research subjects given the special Peloidul is a mixture of organic and inorganic importance of Techirghiol lake water and mud with substances in the state of aggregation and various mud and therapeutic value in the socioeconomic area structural forms. The definition of "International for which the lake was considered unique in Europe. Society of Medical Hydrology, sludge (peloidele) are" I discovered through study materials paid special natural substance formed under the influence of attention to this issue since the early twentieth century geological processes and finely divided state and mixed (p. Bujor, A. Pascu, I. Tuculescu), but the problem is with water are used in medical practice as a bathroom and currently a topic of interest to hydrologists and or local procedures . others as having a weak hydrological balance (growth After geological origin, describes two groups of level), while Lake has gained a high mineralization sludge: sediment treatment and land treatment).

ISSN: 1792-4685 110 ISBN: 978-960-474-221-9 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering

Techirghiol lake bottom deposit contains a sediment of Patients distribution by pathology was: 55; 55% lumbar rotting curative biolitic. spine affections, 30% poliarthrosis,10% rheumatoid In current medical practice using a simple arthritis, 5% spastic hemiplegy (fig.2). classification peloidelor: sapropelic sludge, peat and sludge mineral spring. age distribution 1.Sapropelic muds are Sulfide deposits which Dist ri buti on by pat ol ogy

are black coulor, very oily and with a great plasticity 41- 49; 15% 70- 79; 20% r heum at oid ar t hr itis spast ic hem iplegy

1 poliar t hr osis 10 % 5 %

30 % and which indicates their therapy. 2

3

60- 69; 25% 2. Sludge organic peat deposits are brown. 50- 59; 40% 4

lum bar spine af f ect ions 3. Sludge sedimentation mineral salts are 55; 55% formed from certain sources soda, calcium, ferruginous or sulfur. Fig.1.Age distribution Fig.2. Distribution of patology Deposit on the bottom of the Techirghiol lake is The treatment applied consists in mud wrapping at a sapropelic mud . 420 C and salt water bath in swimming pool [2], [3] Sludge application on the entire surface of the associate with 2 – 3 procedures adjuvant of skin tissue declanază local reactions and general electrotherapy, kinetotherapy and massage function, inhibiting or activating certain enzyme systems and intermediary metabolites. Bioand histochemical changes produced by the sludge, 3 Results and discussions observed in laboratory animals are nonspecific side fits The measurement of body temperature before and after in the overall functioning of the body adaptive mud application was made in the 1st, 4th , 8th and 12th modulation and consists of general responsiveness to day of treatment and the result are presented in table 1 optimal parameters. and figure 3: Balnear cure mud favorable effect persisting for Table 1.The variation of body a long time by modifying the adaptive capacity of temperature response to various stimulis. Lake Techirghiol Is part of the Dobrogea Sub/ region, is located 15 km SE of Constanta. is located on the , between localities Techirghiol Eforie Gen tz1 tz4 Nord and Eforie Sud. Can be considered as consisting der age tz1i p2 tz4i p tz8i of two pieces, which are inclined towards each other S1f 73 36,8 36,2 36,2 36,1 36,1 with 55 ˚, first is the main body of the lake, between South and resort Eforie Techirghiol Urlichioi other arm S 2f 76 36,4 36,2 36,4 36,2 36,4 is constituted. They are different from the axis oriented S 3f 70 36,2 36,2 36,3 36,0 36,1 NS. NWSW oriented first and second SW NE.Techirghiol lake region is composed of limestone S 4f 58 36,6 36,3 36,6 36,3 36,4 samatian. S 5f 61 36,4 36,2 36,3 36,1 36,8 The balneotherapy has a great therapeutic S 6f 65 36,3 36,2 36,1 36,1 36,3 potential being a holistic application. Physiologic and therapeutic effects of mud application are generated by S 7f 57 36,8 36,4 36,4 36,2 36,2 the physical properties and biochemical composition of S 8f 59 36,2 36 36,4 36,3 36,2 peloides and depend of application methods. Thermal properties of mud make possible the application S 9f 62 36,4 36,2 36,4 36,2 36,5 between 160 C and 450 C. [1] S 10 f 51 36,4 36,2 36,1 36,2 36,4

S 11 2 Materials and methods The study was made on an experimental batch including m 76 36,3 36,1 36,4 36,3 36,1 10 male and 10 females during 12 days in Techirghiol S 12 Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium, between February June 2010. m 55 36,0 36,2 36,1 36,0 36,1 Age distribution of patients was: 4149 years old 15%; S 13 5059 years old 40%; 6069 years old 25%; 7079 m 41 36,6 36,4 36,2 36,1 36,6 years old 20% and it is shown in fig.1.

ISSN: 1792-4685 111 ISBN: 978-960-474-221-9 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering

S 14 increase t1-12 [%] m 52 36,2 36 36,3 36,1 36,6

1,5 S 15

1 m 64 36,4 36,3 36,2 36,0 36,2 0,5 S 16 0 Cresterea t1-12 [%]

3 nt9 t11 m 43 36,2 36,1 36,4 36,2 36,2 nt 1 nt 3 nt 5 n nt1 nt15 nt17 nt19 ie ie ie ie c ie acie c ie pa -0,5 pac pac pacient7 Pac pacie pacie p pa pac S 17 -1 m 49 36,4 36 36,4 36,3 36,3 -1,5 S 18 m 65 36,6 36,2 36,3 36,2 36,4 Fig.3. The variation of the body temperature during the peloides S 19 application m 59 36,1 36 36,6 36,2 36,4 The variation of the body temperature before and after S 20 application on the female batch during the treatment is shown in the fig.4 and for the men batch in the fig.5: m 51 36,6 36,3 36,4 36,3 36,0 Cont.Table 1 Variatia temperaturii inainte de aplicatie, sex feminin 37

Variation Sub/ Gen 36,8

36,6 tz8i tz8p tz12i tz12p t1-12 [%] der 36,4 Ziua 1 Ziua 4 Ziua 8 Ziua 12 36,1 36,2 36,2 36,1 0,28 S1f temperatura 36,2

36

36,4 36,2 36,3 36,1 0,277 S2f 35,8

35,6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 36,1 36,1 36,3 36,0 0,55 S3f pacienti 36,4 36,3 36,4 36,2 0,276 S4f Fig.4.The variation of the bt at female batch 36,8 36,6 36,3 36,2 0 S5f

36,3 36,1 36,4 36,2 0 S6f Variatia temper aturii dupa aplicatie, sex masculin

36,2 36,0 36,1 36,0 1,1 S7f 36,6 36,5 36,2 36,1 36,5 36,4 +1,1 S8f 36,4 36,3 Ziua 1 36,5 36,4 36,2 36,2 0 S9 f 36,2 Ziua 4 36,1 Ziua 8 epratura temper 36 Ziua 12 36,4 36,3 36,4 36,1 0,277 S10f 35,9 35,8 36,1 36,1 36,0 36,1 0 S11m 35,7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 36,1 36,1 36,6 36,5 0,88 S12m pacienti

36,6 36,3 36,2 36,1 0,831 S13m Fig.5. The variation of the bt for men batch 36,6 36,3 36,1 36,1 0,277 S14m We observed the following aspects: 36,2 36,1 36,2 36,1 0,554 S15m 36,2 36,0 36,6 36,5 1,1 S16m On the female lotthe maximum of middle 36,3 36,1 36,1 36,0 0 S17m temperature variation before the treatment was in the 1st day36,80 C and the minimum, in the 12th day36,00 C. 36,4 36,3 36,1 36,1 0,277 S18m A maximum of middle temperature variation 36,4 36,4 36,4 36,2 0,552 S19m after treatment was in the 1st day36,40 C and a minimum, in the 12th day36,0( table 2) 36,0 36,1 36,3 36,2 0,276 S20m On the men lot the maximum of middle temperature variation before the treatment was in the 1st day36,60 C and the minimum, in the 12th 36 0 C.

ISSN: 1792-4685 112 ISBN: 978-960-474-221-9 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering

A maximum of middle temperature variation m 36,375 36,2 after treatment was in the 1st day36,60 C and a m 36,325 36,225 minimum, after the 4th day360 C ( table 2): The temperature after treatment decreased for the entire experimental lot(fig.6):

Table 2.The middle temperature variation

variation temperature average after application for batch before and after treatment

36,21 tz1i tz1p tz4i tz4p tz12i tz12p sex 36,8 36,2 36,2 36,1 36,2 36,1 f 36,2 36,4 36,2 36,4 36,2 36,3 36,1 f 36,2 36,2 36,3 36,0 36,3 36,0 f 36,19 36,6 36,3 36,6 36,3 36,4 36,2 f 36,4 36,2 36,3 36,1 36,3 36,2 f ziua 1 ziua 4 36,18 36,3 36,2 36,1 36,1 36,4 36,2 f ziua 8 ziua 12

36,8 36,4 36,4 36,2 36,1 36,0 f treatment after atur temper 36,2 36 36,4 36,3 36,5 36,4 f 36,17 36,4 36,2 36,4 36,2 36,2 36,2 f 36,4 36,2 36,1 36,2 36,4 36,1 f 36,16 36,3 36,1 36,4 36,3 36,0 36,1 m

36,15 36,0 36,2 36,1 36,0 36,6 36,5 m 1 36,6 36,4 36,2 36,1 36,2 36,1 m treatment days 36,2 36 36,3 36,1 36,1 36,1 m 36,4 36,3 36,2 36,0 36,2 36,1 m Fig.6. The temperature after treatment for batch 36,2 36,1 36,4 36,2 36,6 36,5 m

36,4 36 36,4 36,3 36,1 36,0 m The efficiency of the mud application was calculated by 36,6 36,2 36,3 36,2 36,1 36,1 m formula: 36,1 36 36,6 36,2 36,4 36,2 m 36,6 36,3 36,4 36,3 36,3 36,2 m Ave E= (Eb–Ea)/Eb *100 [%] (1) ra 36,395 36,185 36,325 36,17 36,285 36,17 ge

where Ebefficiency before the treatment; Ea – Continue Table 2 efficiency after treatment. sex Average before Average after The results depending on the middle variation of f 36,325 36,15 temperature are presented in the table below (table 3): f 36,375 36,175

f 36,225 36,075

f 36,5 36,275

f 36,45 36,275

f 36,275 36,15

f 36,375 36,15

f 36,325 36,2

f 36,375 36,25

f 36,325 36,2 m 36,2 36,15 m 36,2 36,2 m 36,4 36,225 m 36,3 36,125 m 36,25 36,125 m 36,35 36,2 m 36,3 36,1 m 36,35 36,2

ISSN: 1792-4685 113 ISBN: 978-960-474-221-9 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering

Table 3.The efficienty on temperature Table 8.Efficiency and absolute error for the lot Absolute error Before the mud After mud Average Average δ application applicatio efficienc Efficiency Ti Td Efficiency i 1st day n y 36,325 36,15 0,482 0,03677368 0,001352 12th day 36,375 36,175 0,554 0,10877368 0,011832 36,325 36,15 0,482 0,482 36,225 36,075 0,692 0,24677368 0,060897 36,375 36,175 0,554 0,554 36,5 36,275 0,613 0,16777368 0,028148 36,225 36,075 0,692 0,692 36,45 36,275 0,48 0,03477368 0,001209 36,5 36,275 0,613 0,613 0,344 36,45 36,275 0,480 0,480 36,275 36,15 0,10122632 0,010247 36,275 36,15 0,344 0,344 0,618 0,17277368 0,029851 36,375 36,15 0,618 0,618 36,375 36,15 0,413 36,325 36,2 0,413 0,413 36,375 36,25 0,343 0,343 36,325 36,2 0,03222632 0,001039 36,325 36,2 0,344 0,344 0,343 36,2 36,15 0,138 0,138 36,375 36,25 0,10222632 0,01045 36,2 36,2 0 0 0,344 36,4 36,225 0,480 0,480 36,325 36,2 0,10122632 0,010247 36,3 36,125 1 1 0,138 36,25 36,125 0,482 0,482 36,2 36,15 0,30722632 0,094388 36,35 36,2 0,345 0,345 36,2 36,2 0 0,413 0,413 36,3 36,1 36,4 36,225 0,4801 0,03487368 0,001216 36,35 36,2 0,550 0,550 36,3 36,125 0,482 0,03677368 0,001352 36,375 36,2 0,413 0,413 0,345 36,325 36,225 0,480 0,480

2 2 36,25 36,125 0,10022632 0,010045 0,275 0,275 0,413

36,35 36,2 0,03222632 0,001039 36,3 36,1 0,55 0,10477368 0,010978 0,413 The efficiency during the treatment is presented in the 36,35 36,2 0,03222632 0,001039 fig. 7: 36,375 36,2 0,4802 0,03497368 0,001223 0,275 36,6 0,8 36,325 36,225 0,17022632 0,028977 36,4 0,6 Ti δ X = 0,445226 i 2 0,055869 36,2 0,4 Td med

36 0,2 eficienta

35,8 0 standard deviation pacients σ n1 0,055712 R= 0,445226±0,055712

Fig. 7. The application efficiency for the entire lot

4 Conclusion The statistical calculus for the application efficiency is By analysing the mud applications efficiency we shown in the Table 8: conclude: The temperature decrease with a medium of 0,175 0 C, the efficiency of 0,482 % and the optimal interval for mud applications is R= 0,445226±0,055712. The temperature decrease with 0,545 % in the 4th day than the 1st day.

ISSN: 1792-4685 114 ISBN: 978-960-474-221-9 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science and Engineering

References: [1] N. GH. Lupu , Semiologie i terapeutică generala, Balneologie, Editura Medicala, Vol.1, No.1X, 1996, pp.78. [2] N. Teleki, L. Munteanu, C. Stoicescu, Elena Teodoreanu, L. Grigore, Cura balneoclimatica in Romania , Editura SportTurism , Bucuresti,1984,pp.5052, 7682 [3] Eugenia Diaconescu Leonte, Cornelia Anghelopol, C. Dumitrescu, Studiul comparativ almicroelementelor: Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Ti, V, Mo i Cr din apa Marii Negre a litoralului romanesc pe patru niveluri; apa lacului i extrasului de Techirghi, In apele minerale i nămolurile terapeutice din , Ed. Medicala Bucuresti, 1973, pp.517526

ISSN: 1792-4685 115 ISBN: 978-960-474-221-9