DOCSLIB.ORG

The Horsley-Clarke Stereotaxic Instrument

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Horsley-Clarke Stereotaxic Instrument traced through its subsequent use and development to The Horsley-Clarke the time at which the Stereotaxic instrument began to Stereotaxic Instrument: receive more widespread use and acceptance. Copies of the previous Carrier may be obtained from The First Three Kopf'Instruments or from the Editor. Instruments Experimental Application of Horsely-Clarke Unit One Louise H. Marshall, Ph.D.and Horace W. Magoun, Ph.D. Although publication of the results of the experimental use of the Horsely-Clarke apparatus had Neuroscience History Program been twice-promised by its creators, the first purely Brain Research Institute experimental work was reported by a vis- University of California itingvAmerican, Ernest Sachs (1879-1958). Born into a Los Angeles, CA 90024-176118 gifted and cultured New York family, Sachs was educated at his father's private school and Harvard, and Dr. Marshall received her Ph.D. in 1935 from the graduated from Johns Hopkins Medical School. On the University of Chicago, where she also met and advice of his uncle, neurologist Bernard Sachs, and after married Wade H. Marshall, and developed her lifelong a residency at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, the interest in the Neurosciences. She was in the Aviation young surgeon spent the greater part of a two-year Medicine program at the NIH from 1943-46 and as a period of postdoctoral training with Victor Horsley, who research physiologist from 1946-65. From 1965-75, at that time had the only well established neuro-surgical she was a professional associate at the National practice in the world. Sometime during those years, Research Council with executive responsibility for the 1907 to 1909, Sachs used the instrument in a study Committee on Brain Sciences which spearheaded the suggested by Horsley of .the poorly known optic drive to found the Society for Neuroscience. She thalamus, a situation largely remedied after publication served as Acting Secretary-Treasurer for the Society of the results in 87 tightly written pages (1909). After in 1969-70. From 1975 to the present, she has been thanking Sir Victor for help and encouragement, Sachs associated with the Brain Research Institute stated "I am also much indebted to Dr. R. H. Clarke... for Neuroscience History Program in collaboration with the use of his Stereotaxic instrument. To Miss E. Clarke's Dr. Magoun. Dr. Magoun has in preparation a book on [presumably a sister] unflagging interest and careful the history of the anatomy of the brain and played an assistance the results obtained are in a great part due" active role in the revival of the Horsely-Clarke (p.96). Perhaps the most significant contribution of this Stereotaxic instrument in Ranson's Institute of early endeavor in a long and productive career may be Neurology at Northwestern University in 1928. Dr gleaned from three items in the 11-point summary: Marshall can be reached at 213-825-3191. The following article is copyrighted by L.H. Marshall. "From the results of excitatory experiments as well as...very localized lesions the inner and outer divisions Editor's Note: The first part of this article appeared in of the thalamus appear to be...relatively independent the previous issue of the Carrier. In that article, Drs. organizations.Jackson lecture of 1901. Marshall and Magoun gave a detailed account of the Cortical localization or mapping of function became initial development of the Horsley-Clarke Stereotaxic a major experimental interest "The thalami-cortical Instrument and its in-ital use around the turn of the fibers...are arranged dorso-ventrally, so that those for century. In this part of the history, the instrument is (Continued on page 2, Col. 2) Editor's the representation of the face are ventral to those for the limbs. Column " The general direction of the large majority of Spring has arrived in axones...is outwards and dorsalwards" (p.181). southeast Ohio; a The second study carried out with the original unit beautiful time here, with was that of S.A. Kinnier Wilson (1878-1937), American- the redbud and English neurologist at the National Hospital, London, dogwood trees providing published in 1914. Wilson's experiments on 25 a purple and white monkeys were "carried out in the laboratory of covering to the woodlands in a way not experimental neurology at University College, under seen in such splendor in 10 years. the aegis of Sir Victor Horsley, who performed my Unfortunately, we must report here the passing of operations for me...[I used] stimulation and electrolytic one of the giants of the Neuroscience community. Dr. meth-ods...[and] the stereotaxic instrument of Clarke Horace W. Magoun passed away on March 6, 1991 in and Horsley...." (p. 439). In his discussion Wilson paid Santa Monica. He was 84 years old. His career tribute to Sherrington's "...illuminating conception of a spanned the early days of our discipline and he had a 'final common path1 [which] is not further applied by part in not only some of the most exciting discoveries Sherrington in a detailed manner, but by implication of the times, but also helped shape the environment may be applied to the problem before us" (ibid., p.484). for those of us who followed in the exciting field of brain To summarize his own experimental work with the function and structure. He and Giuseppe Moruzzi became famous for discovering that the reticular "Clarke-Horsley machine," Wilson offered a diagram of formation had vast influence on cortical arousal and a specific example of Sherrington's classic concept. activity, which led to his postulation of the vital roles of As Carpenter and Whittier (1952) later pointed out, the reticular activating system in sleep-waking control. Wilson had serious reservations about destruction of He was instrumental in the early use of the Horsely- brain tissue. Four points were emphasized by Wilson: Clarke stereotaxic instruments, and had coauthored 1the remaining tissue may be responsible for many the monograph of which this Carrier article is the phenomena credited to the lesion; 2-the lesion size second part, detailing the developmental history of the does not necessarily parallel the severity of the machine. He was a member of the first Central Council symptoms; 3the locus of the lesion is not always the of IBRO and of the NRC Committee on Brain locus of the function; and 4lesions in dissimilar Sciences, from which the Society for Neurosciences structures may produce the same symptoms. Those emerged. He was an avid historian, with interests in this area dating from his high school days. He was reservations influenced the young neurologists to instrumental in compiling a series of 42 posters on the launch a comparative study of the stereotaxic history of the human brain shown at the 1985 Society technique, as we shall see. for Neuroscience Convention in Dallas. He founded The third investigator known to have used the first the Brain Research Institute at UCLA, as a home for unit of Clarke's instrument was a urologist whose the distinguished group of investigators which he sudden death in 1956 almost resulted in its permanent nurtured. Surely, one of the truly great minds and loss. [There have been attempts to reverse the names figures of the field of brain research has passed from of the originators (see, e.g., O'Leary and Goldman, p. us. We dedicate this issue of the Carrier to his 197) and Horsley always referred to it as "Clarke's memory. I also thank Louise Marshall, Ph.D. for instrument."] The natural history of this near disaster providing so many details of Dr. Magoun's life. was pieced together by Magoun and Fisher (1980). At Michael M. Patterson, Ph.D. the centenary (1957) of Horsley's birth, programs were Science Editor held at meetings in London, Brussels, and Detroit, at College of Osteopathic Medicine which the British participants were gently chided for not Ohio University knowing the fate of the original model. Athens, OH 45701 Stimulated by the comments, inquiries were made Phone-(614) 593-2337 Fax-(614) 593-9180 which turned up a letter written by Clarke (Continued on page 3, col.1) 2 in 1925 to the instrument maker which furnished some neccessity for such an instrument provided the motive clues. Clarke wrote: "I have given my first instrument for its development: "What a lovely bit of mechanism which you made...to Mr. F.J.F. Barrington...of the [Clarke] designed - he never would have done of course surgical unit, University College Hospital Medical had it not been for Horsley" (letter Jefferson to H.W.M., School. [He] has done an excellent piece of work with 14 February 1957). The team of Horsley and Clarke fell apart with the it which he published in...the Quarterly Journal of publication of the instrument's description. No Physiology..." (quoted in Shurr and Merrington, 1978, precipitating event is recorded, but the disintegration of p.35). Barrington's paper reported his experiments on their friendly collaboration seems inevitable in view of the effect of brain lesions on micturition in cats and we their opposite personalities and the divergence in their quote from it: "I am indebted to Dr. R.H. Clarke, not careers. In an interesting letter to Clarke's biographer, only for the loan of his own instrument, but also for the Sir Francis Walshe, British neurologist, wrote: "I very large amount of valuable advice and help in the think...that Horsley's radical politics had more to do with earlier experiments. The instrument used was of the their falling-out than Horsley's ambition..." older pattern, in which the needle can only be inserted "But you can see that a rather bucolic Tory, a chaser horizontally or vertically...." (Barrington, 1925, p.6).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fall 2017 CNS Connections.Final
    Fall/Annual Meeting 2017 | Volume 25, No. 3 Bringing CNS Members Together to Make Children’s Lives Better Forty-Sixth ANNUAL CNS MEETING Kansas City, MO • October 4-7, 2017 CHILD NEUROLOGY SOCIETY From the Executive Director KW, KC, and the Future of CN y favorite video clip posted on the CNS One of my favorite Isabelle stories, shared last May website “Careers – Getting In” section when she passed away, came from a past-CNS President Mfeatures this year’s Philip R. Dodge Young who remembers observing her at the 1997 meeting in Investigator Awardee, Audrey Brumback, explaining Phoenix, reading the profile Rob Rust had written on how she ended up in San Francisco for peds her for the “Women in Neurology” Archives display, neurology training: “The thing that really struck me and hearing her exclaim in that inimitably commanding Roger Larson, CAE about the UCSF program was the kickass women!” Isabellian cadence, “I…am...not...venerable!” Executive Director she exclaimed, looking straight into the camera (In my head, I could hear her late father, Roger, But, of course, she was. Because, if she wasn’t, who this erupting in laughter.) side of Maria Montessori was? If she took umbrage at “venerable,” I shudder to think what she might have “At most of the other programs,” she continues, made of the more colloquial “KW.” “it was a lot of people who looked like my dad; it was, you know a bunch of middle-aged white men.” Well, times have changed. Twenty years ago, the ratio (Now, I could see him jumping to his feet and doing of female to male CNS members was 1:3.
    [Show full text]
  • Genesis of Charaka Club, New York and Gleanings Related to Hindu Medicine from the Proceedings
    GENESIS OF CHARAKA CLUB, NEW YORK AND GLEANINGS RELATED TO HINDU MEDICINE FROM THE PROCEEDINGS By K. RAGHUNATHAN Medical societies, associations and clubs occupy an important place in the life of the profession. These bodies hold fast the profession, and help in inculcating the feeling of love and oneness besides bringing the members into contact with great workers of the field and age. This contact serves as an inspiration and acts as a powerful impetus to the youngsters to cultivate the spirit of labour which made those great people what they were. This healthy influence has a significant place in the advance- ment of knowledge. There are various medical societies, clubs and associations in different parts of the world, each having special objects in view. Charak a Club of New York was one of the clubs formed with select gathering. It was a medico-historico-social club that c iscussed a range of subjects involving fields like medicine, medical history, literature and poetry even. In order to prevent from becoming too engrossed in purely profe- ssional matters, dinners, conversaziones and popular meetings are commonly held in the club. This club periodically released its Proceedings containing the names of members, list of subjects discussed together with certain papers read before the club. A club Was founded in November 1898 by a group of four-Charles L. Dana, Joseph Colleirs, Frederick Peterson and Bernard Sachs at New York. These members were attending regularly medical meetings at New York Academy of Medicine in West 43rd street. They were more anxious, in the words of Bernard Sachs, to get together at regular intervals to discuss, in an intimate way, subjects of cultural rather than purely medical interest.
    [Show full text]
  • New York City at the Dawn of Neurological Surgery
    HISTORICAL VIGNETTE J Neurosurg 125:1291–1300, 2016 New York City at the dawn of neurological surgery Robert A. Solomon, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York Although there are many cities that can claim to have been the incubator of modern neurological surgery, the rise of this surgical subspecialty in New York City in the late 19th and early 20th century mirrors what was occurring around the world. The first confirmed brain tumor operation in the US was performed there in 1887. The author describes the role of several pioneers in the development of neurological surgery. Charles Elsberg was the first dedicated neurological sur- geon in New York City and was instrumental in the development of the Neurological Institute and the careers of several other notable neurosurgeons. http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2015.7.JNS15732 KEY WORDS history; New York; brain tumor; Charles Elsberg; Byron Stookey; Tracy Putnam; Wilder Penfield; Leo Davidoff UMAN civilization began about 200,000 years ago, “On the invitation of Dr. Seguin I went to New York to yet the ability to perform neurological surgery has witness the first operation for a tumor of the brain by an evolved in just the last 150 years. Although there American Surgeon, Dr. Weir.”30 areH many cities that can claim to have been the incubator The surgery was performed on March 9, 1887, in the of modern neurological surgery, the rise of neurological presence of Drs. Birdsall and Séguin as neurological coun- surgery in New York City in the late 19th and early 20th sel.
    [Show full text]
  • MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL of MEDICINE Distinctive Content
    THE MOUNT SINAI LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/mountsinaijourna7412moun MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE Distinctive Content Content Promote the process of scientific discovery with a different breed of research Journals • Backfile Collections Reference Works & Encyclopedias system: Wiley InterScience®. Long distinguished by its scope and extensive OnlineBooks'" Current Protocols Lab Manuals coverage of emerging disciplines, Wiley's authoritative content spans the spectrum Evidence-Based Resources of scientific, medical, technical, and business specialties. The dynamic Wiley Access Single article/chapter or full title InterScience platform adds value to your research by providing simple desktop One-time fee, subscription, or Pay-Per-View options access to this preeminent digital library of journals, reference works, books, Unlimited concurrent usage laboratory manuals, evidence-based databases, and more. Researchers reap the Capabilities benefits of top-tier resources and up-to-the-minute functionality. E-mail Alerts • Early View® combined Citation download & tracking Remote access • Mobile Edition® Experience the difference Wiley InterScience can make at your institution today .** SiWlLEY ititerScience^ ^ DISCOVER SOMETHING GREAT ©WILEY v^w w. I H te Hsc I epce.wi ley.conn 1 807-2007 KNOWLEDGE FOR GENERATIONS MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE A JOURNAL OF T RA N S L AT I O N A L AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE CONTENTS VOL 74, NO 1 1 Old, Yet Ever New Penny A. Asbell 2 The Journah A Retrospective Barbara J. Niss and Arthur H. Aufses 7 Translational Experimental Therapeutics: The Translation of Laboratory-Based Discovery into Disease-Related Therapy Karl Kieburtz and C. Warren Olanow 15 Foundations, Promises and Uncertainties of Personalized Medicine Erwin P.
    [Show full text]
  • Obituarp ERNEST SACHS 1879-1958
    Obituarp ERNEST SACHS 1879-1958 I have built a monument more enduring than bronze and loftier than the Pyramids' royal pile, one that no wasting rain, no furious north wind can destroy, or the countless chain of years and the ages' flight. Horace, Bk. III, Ode XXX 349 350 OBITUARY On December ~, 1958, just a few brief weeks before attaining his 80th birthday, Ernest Sachs quietly passed away in New Haven, Connecticut. He will be buried in Keene Valley, Essex County, New York where, encircled by the peaks of the Adiron- dacks, he will rest, surrounded by the scenes of his happy youth and even happier mature years. Always a strong and powerful man physically, mountain climbing offered him a great and challenging enjoyment, and the Keene Valley mountains will shield him, unforgotten. He was born January ~5, 1879 in New York City, into an unusually gifted family which numbered among its members a famous neurologist, a distinguished professor of Fine Arts at Harvard, and others who have gained distinction. His father, Julius Sachs, was a classical scholar and the founder of a school which bore his name but which he left later to become Professor of Secondary Education at Columbia Uni- versity and one of the founders of Teachers College. There were many friends who visited the Sachs family both in New York and in their Keene Valley home, among whom were outstanding scholars, scientists and musicians, and these contacts gave the young Ernest Sachs a unique opportunity to absorb and develop cultural zests. Thus was born his deep appreciation for the classics, literature and history.
    [Show full text]
  • An Influential Neurologist from New York M
    Review Neurosciences and History 2020; 8(1): 12-28 Louis Casamajor (1881-1962), an influential neurologist from New York M. Marco Igual Neurologist. Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT For more than four decades, Louis Casamajor (1881-1962) was one of the most active specialists in neurology and psychiatry in New York City and the United Sates. He was born in Brooklyn to a family of French-Cuban origin, and worked throughout his career in connection with Columbia University and the Neurological Institute of New York. Casamajor, a neurologist and psychiatrist who trained in Europe as a neuropathologist under Otto Marburg and Alois Alzheimer, was one of the founders of American paediatric neurology; despite this background, he has largely been overlooked in history. In the United States, he was a pioneer in the description of manganese poisoning, compressive myelopathy of vertebral origin, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. He also introduced the Wassermann test and was one of the first supporters of psychoanalysis. Casamajor had a special interest in the development of electroencephalography and pneumoencephalography in children. He was sociable and a prolific writer, a member of many societies, and one of the founders and directors of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. KEYWORDS Columbia University, Louis Casamajor, Neurological Institute of New York, neurologist, neuropathologist, paediatric neurologist, psychiatrist A nice, sweet, kindly old giant of a man who could He was also one of the founders of American paediatric hold an infant in the palm of one hand. His name neurology. was Louis Casamajor and among other things, he had a falsetto voice and his famous line would be – Casamajor was born into a family of French-Cuban he would hold a baby in one hand and look at it and origin, settled in Brooklyn; like many of his contemporary say, “This is a silly baby.” He was always right.
    [Show full text]
  • Giants of Neurology
    Giants of Neurology Mark L Dyken, MD Professor Emeritus of Neurology Indiana University Medical School Prepared for and partially presented at the ABPN 75th Anniversary Celebration on September 26, 2009 Contents Introduction 3 The Founding Fathers 4 Louis Casamajor 1934-1942 5 Walter Jackson Freeman 1934-1948 6 Jeffrey Allen Jackson 1934-1938 7 Lewis John Pollock 1934-1937 8 Edwin Garvin Zabriskie 1934-1939 8 Lloyd Hiram Ziegler 1934-1945 9 1938-1949 10 Board of Directors 1948 10 Henry William Woltman 1938-1941 11 Tracy Jackson Putnam 1940-1943 12 Hans Heinrich Reese 1940-1947 13 Johannes Maagaard Nielsen 1941-1942 14 John Charnley McKinley 1942-1945 15 Percival Bailey 1943-1946 15 Hiram Houston Merritt 1943-1950 17 Alphonse Ralph Vonderahe 1943-1948 18 Roland Parks Mackay 1946-1943 19 Bernard Jacob Alpers 1948-1955 20 Frederick P. Moersch 1949-1956 20 The 1950s 22 Board of Directors 1952 22 Russell Nelson DeJong 1951-1958, 1971-1972 23 Paul Ivan Yakovlev 1951-1958 24 Francis M. Forster 1953-1960 25 Knox Hendeson Finley 1954-1961 26 Lee McKendree Eaton 1957-1958 27 Abraham Bert Baker 1959-1966 28 Sidney Carter 1959-1966 29 Alexander Treloar Ross 1959-1964 30 Board of Directors 1958 32 The 1960s On 33 Adolph Louis Sahs 1960-1967 33 Board of Directors 1962 34 Augustus Steele Rose 1961-1968 35 Charles Rupp 1962-1969 36 Arnold Phineas Friedman 196-1972 37 David Barrett Clark 1969-1976 37 Board of Directors 1969 39 Thomas Richards Johns, II 1975-1982 40 Melvin David Yahr 1975-1082 41 John Robert Calverley 1977-1984 42 Leonard Berg 1978-1985 42 Board of Directors 1977 44 Acknowledgments 45 Photographs 45 2 INTRODUCTION: As part of the celebration of the 75th Anniversary of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, the directors decided that those deceased past directors who were “giants” in Psychiatry and Neurology be recognized in formal presentations that could be included in a monograph.
    [Show full text]
  • Bernard Sachs © Wikipedia Bernard Sachs
    Bernard Sachs © wikipedia Bernard Sachs Bernard Sachs, vers 1900 Bernard Sachs (né le 2 janvier 1858 à Baltimore dans le Maryland et mort le 8 février 1944) est un neurologue américain, connu notamment pour ses travaux sur la maladie de Tay-Sachs. Après avoir obtenu son diplôme de l'université Harvard en 1878, Sachs poursuit ses études en Europe sous la direction des certains des plus importants médecins de l'époque tel que Adolf Kussmaul, Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen, Friedrich Goltz, Rudolf Virchow, Carl Westphal, Theodor Meynert, Jean-Martin Charcot et John Hughlings Jackson. Plus tard en 1885, il traduit en anglais l'ouvrage majeur de Meynert, Psychiatrie [1]. Il retourne aux États-Unis où il ouvre son cabinet à New York et exerce la neurologie. Il enseigne au New York Polyclinic Hospital et est consultant au Mount Sinai Hospital et au Manhattan State Hospital. À côté de cela, il est éditeur du Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (1886-1911) et est président de la American Neurological Association (1894 et 1932) [1]. La maladie de Tay-Sachs est nommée suite aux travaux de l'ophtalmologiste britannique qui décrit le premier la tâche rouge sur la rétine de l'œil humain en 1881 [2] et Sachs qui décrit les changements cellulaires de la maladie et relève en 1887 l'importante prévalence chez les juifs ashkénaze d'Europe de l'Est [3]. Publications Sachs publie plus de 200 articles scientifiques et des livres dont Nervous and Mental Disorders from Birth through Adolescence qui est devenu une référence pour les professionnels de santé.
    [Show full text]
  • Bernard Sachs (1858-1944) [1]
    Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Bernard Sachs (1858-1944) [1] By: Nardi, Tiffany Bernard Sachs studied nervous system disorders in children in the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In the late 1880s, Sachs described the fatal genetic neurological disorder called amaurotic family idiocy, later renamed Tay-Sachs disease. The disorder degrades motor skills as well as mental abilities in affected individuals. The expected lifespan of a child with Tay-Sachs is three to five years. In addition to working on Tay-Sachs disease, Sachs described other childhood neurological and developmental disorders that stem from problems with early brain development. Sachs's research in early brain development helped establish some of the physiological symptoms of hereditary neurological disorders in children, enabling doctors to diagnose the disorders earlier and to develop treatments for them. Born on 2 January 1858 in Baltimore, Maryland, Sachs was an identical twin and the youngest of five children of Sophia Sachs and Joseph Sachs. His parents were both of Bavarian Jewish descent and emigrated from Germany to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1847. They then moved to Baltimore, where Sachs was born. In 1859, the whole family moved to New York City, New York, where Sachs's father started a school. At the age of five, Sachs's twin, Harry, died of scarlet fever. After Harry died, Sachs's father relocated the family to Germany in 1867. Sachs's father died two years later. In 1869, the Sachs family returned to the United States, settling again in New York City. Three years later, Sachs's mother died of diabetes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Founding of Pediatric Neurology in America
    804 THE FOUNDING OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY IN AMERICA DAVID A. STUMPF, M.D., Ph.D. Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology School of Medicine University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, Colorado T he history ofpediatric neurology is not widely known, although it has been briefly discussed previously."2 Some will argue that it is too early to review this history since the subspecialty is still maturing, and many important pioneering physicians are still active. This account con- siders the evolution of the subspecialty and the individuals involved, but mentions the living only briefly to avoid unwitting offense. Historical re- views of diseases or the science ofthe developing nervous system are avail- able elsewhere.3'9 A hundred years ago, both pediatrics and neurology struggled for an identity apart from general medicine. Pediatric neurology developed inde- pendently within neurology and within pediatrics. Only later was a merger consummated to produce a hybrid subspecialty, taking the best from two exciting areas of medicine and remaining closely affiliated with both. The total history is often an enigma to those who limit their activities to the- parent disciplines. It is unusual for a subspecialty to emphasize such strong ties with two major areas of medicine. Obviously, many physicians devoted significant and perhaps nearly exclusive efforts to the care of nervous system disease in children. The his- torical significance of these individuals is often not measured by their importance in their own time but on the record they left behind in print, physicians they trained, or new concepts they established. BERNARD SACHS (1858-1944): THE FATHER OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY Bernard Sachs (Figure 1) was the Dean of American neurology at the Address for reprint requests: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Box C 229, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, Col.
    [Show full text]
  • Skill, Judgement and Conduct for the First Generation of Neurosurgeons, 1900–1930
    Med. Hist. (2015), vol. 59(3), pp. 361–378. c The Author 2015. Published by Cambridge University Press 2015 doi:10.1017/mdh.2015.25 Skill, Judgement and Conduct for the First Generation of Neurosurgeons, 1900–1930 DELIA GAVRUS* Department of History, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 2E9 Abstract: Historical contingency complicates a reading of skill as a self-explanatory and always positive attribute. By focusing on the attempts of the first generation of neurosurgeons to build a community and fashion a collective neurosurgical self, this article highlights the extent to which the relationship between surgical skill and professional judgement is reflected in broader concerns that shape the landscape of medicine at a given time. Some early twentieth-century surgeons expressed concern about the spectacularisation of surgery and the skilful but problematic work of ‘brilliant operators’. The neurosurgeons’ policies of inclusion and exclusion show that in the process of fashioning a neurosurgical persona, this first generation sanctioned specific norms of conduct underwritten by similar moral imperatives, such as self-control. These norms governed the doctors’ work both in the operating room and on the public stage (in their engagement with the press). The meetings of the first neurosurgical society staged a critical encounter between the host neurosurgeon and the members who watched him perform surgery. These technical performances in the operating theatre, followed by discussions, were designed to encourage particular norms, to negotiate surgical knowledge, and to demonstrate the skills and character of the neurosurgeon. The performances acted as a technology of the self that aligned the operator to a community and helped that community refine its norms of surgical conduct.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    96TH YEAR OF SERVICE The Mount Sinai Hospital 1948 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/annualreport1948moun 96th ANNUAL REPORT The Mount Sinai Hospital of the City of New York 1948 CONTENTS Page Administrators and Heads of Departments 176 Bequests and Donations Dedicated Buildings 104 Donations to Social Service 86 Donations in Kind 101 Endowed Rooms 108 Endowed Wards 106 Endowments for General Purposes 138 Endowments for Special Purposes 135 —For Special Purposes 91 Legacies and Bequests 131 Life Beds 130 Life Members 143 Medical Research Funds 139 Memorial Beds 129 Miscellaneous Donations 102 Perpetual Beds 119 Special Funds of The School of Nursing 141 Tablets . 110 Committees Board of Trustees 148 Medical Board 152 Endowments, Extracts from Constitution on Inside back cover Financial Statement—Brief Summary Insert Historical Note 5 House Staff (as of January 1, 1949) 195 House Staff, Graduates of 184 Medical Board 151 Medical Education, Department of 171 Medical and Surgical Staff 153 Neustadter Home for Convalescents, Officers and Directors 68 Officers and Trustees Since Foundation 180 CONTENTS— Continued Reports Page Laboratories 39 Medical Staff ' 24 Neustadtcr Home for Convalescents 69 Out-Patient Department 21 President 11 School of Nursing 59 Social Service Department 64 — School of Nursing Officers, Directors and Faculty 57 Social Service DEPARTMENT Social Service Auxiliary—Officers and Members 65 Social Service Auxiliary—Committees and Volunteers 178 Statistical Summary 75 Statistics, Comparative i 947-11)48 75 Superintendents and Directors Since 1855 177 Treasurer's Reports 80 Hospital 81 Ladies' Auxiliary 86 School of Nursing , 84 Social Service Auxiliary 85 Trustees, Board of 147 I he Mount Sinai Hospital is a member of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of New Yor\, and a beneficiary of its fund-raising campaigns.
    [Show full text]