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Making the Most of Opportunity: the Economy of Makeshifts in the Early Modern North1
8 Making the most of opportunity: the economy of makeshifts in the early modern north 1 Steven King The poor in England Making the most of opportunity Overview The introduction to this volume suggested that the old poor law has been subject to a positive historiographical makeover by some welfare historians. To commentators such as David Thomson and Martin Daunton, the old poor law was a flexible, increasingly humane (by design or simple loss of control) and frequently generous system which came to represent the central plank of the welfare strategies of many people by the opening decades of the nineteenth century.2 There is persuasive empirical support for this point of view, with various authors mining bland poor law account books to show that over the course of the long eighteenth century the poor law came to relieve more people (sometimes at more generous levels), to recognise relative poverty, to pay for a greater range of goods and services and to relieve people for longer, than had been the case before.3 In pioneering work linking family reconstitution evidence and poor law accounts, Richard Smith has clearly shown the development of more expensive pension strategies, the changing composition of relief lists and a widening of the services provided by the poor law from the late eighteenth century.4 Peter King has used pauper inventories from Essex to show that poor law authorities there were willing to recognise relative as well as absolute destitution, and to intervene to preserve the household possessions of those who faced sudden need.5 And Steve Hindle has analysed the vestry minutes, charity accounts and poor law book of Frampton in Lincolnshire to showSteven that, King - 9781526137869 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 10/02/2021 01:31:44PM via free access 228 Making the most of opportunity 229 at least for its settled poor, the community could demonstrate considerable paternalism to those in need.6 Of course, there were stark variations in local practice. -
St. Georges Conservation Area Appraisal
St George’s Conservation Areas Appraisal Draft Feb 2007 1 Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Policy Background 3 3.0 Summary of Special Interest 3 4.0 Assessing Special Interest 4 5.0 Extent of intrusion & damage 13 6.0 Community Involvement 14 7.0 Suggested boundary changes 14 8.0 Guidelines for development 15 9.0 References 17 Appendices 1 UDP Policies 18 2 Historic Maps 21 3 Conservation Area Appraisal Maps 25 2 ST GEORGE’S CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL 2.0 Policy Background (draft) A Conservation Area is an “area of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance” as set out in Section 69 of the Town and Country Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. It is the duty of Local Authorities to designate such areas and to use planning powers to safeguard and enhance the special qualities of these areas within a framework of controlled and positive management of change. Designation automatically entails control over the demolition of unlisted buildings, strengthens controls over minor development and gives special protection to trees within an area. Figure 1 St Georges Church The St George’s Conservation Area was originally designated in 1987 as 1.0 Introduction part of the Town Centre Conservation Area. This was broken down into three St George’s Conservation Area is smaller areas in 1996, namely St situated in the northern part of Bolton George’s, Deansgate and Town Hall. town centre just beyond the retail core. The boundary was extended in 1997 The Area is arranged around the main to include the former Elim Pentecostal east west thoroughfare of St George’s church and in 2005 to include the Road. -
Wilburn Street Basin, Ordsall Lane, Salford
Wilburn Street Basin, Ordsall Lane, Salford Archaeological Desk- based Assessment Oxford Archaeology North August 2014 Renaker Planning Application: 14/64851/FUL Issue No: 2014-15/1551 OA North Job No: L10775 NGR: 382655 397880 Document Title: WILBURN STREET BASIN, ORDSALL LANE, SALFORD Document Type: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Client: Renaker Planning Application: 14/64851/FUL Issue Number: 2014-15/1551 OA Job Number: L10775 National Grid Reference: 382655 397880 Prepared by: Ian Miller Signed Position: Senior Project Manager Date: August 2014 Approved by: Alan Lupton Signed Position: Operations Manager Date: August 2014 Oxford Archaeology North Oxford Archaeology Ltd (2014) Mill 3 Janus House Moor Lane Mills Osney Mead Moor Lane Oxford Lancaster OX2 0EA LA1 1GF t: (0044) 01524 541000 t: (0044) 01865 263800 f: (0044) 01524 848606 f: (0044) 01865 793496 w: www.oxfordarch.co.uk e: [email protected] Oxford Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No: 285627 Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology Ltd being obtained. Oxford Archaeology Ltd accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology Ltd or all loss or damage resulting therefrom. -
The Sankey Navigation
SANKEY NAVIGATION THE FIRST LANCASHIRE CANAL BY T. C. BARKER, M.A. Read 16 December 1948 > HEN Arthur Young visited the north of England in w 1771 he went " to Manchester with design not only to view the manufactures of that town but to make it my headquarters from thence to go the tour of his Grace the Duke of Bridgewater's navigation about which such wonders are abroad." 11 ' In the account of his tour in the north Young devoted forty- six pages, complete with maps and diagrams, to a description of these wonders: the twelve sets of " canal doors ", the underground tunnel deep into the hillside at Worsley and the aqueduct over the Irwell at Barton were all greeted with excited enthusiasm. Young's description, Smiles's appealing character sketch of James Brindley 12 ', and the reputation which the Bridge- water Canal gained by its magnificence, have together caused some historians, following Young's example, (3) to concentrate their attention upon the Worsley-to-Manchester Canal at the expense of the Sankey Navigation. Professor Mantoux, for instance, wrote that the Worsley Navigation was "the first real canal in England " (4), a belief which has received further wide publicity from Dr. Trevelyan ^ Arthur Young, A Six Months' Tour Through the North of England (London, 2nd edn., 1821), Vol. Ill, p. 187. 121 S. Smiles, Lives of the Engineers (London 1861), Vol. I, pp. 307-476. 13 'A few days before his visit to Manchester, Young had gone from Warrington to Liverpool on which journey he must have crossed the Sankey Navigation. -
The History of Tarleton & Hesketh Bank and Their Maritime Past
The History of Tarleton & Hesketh Bank and their Maritime Past “We Built This Village on Rock’n’Coal” By David Edmondson A version of this book is accessible on-line at http://www.heskethbank.com/history.html It is intended that the on-line version will be amended and updated as further information on the villages’ history emerges The author can be contacted on: [email protected] 1 Index Dedication Preface Introduction Geography & General History of Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Time line Village photographs Tarleton & Hesketh Bank Population – Names and Numbers Population Infant mortality, life expectancy, and Causes of Death Surnames Occupations What did Village People Look Like and Sound Like? Influences on the Maritime Economy Roads Rivers Canals Railways Cargos on the Ribble-Douglas-Canal waterway Sailing Ships Built at Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Historical Background List of Ships Built at Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Boatmen, Sailors and Mariners List of Identified Mariners of Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Ship Owners List of Ships with Owners from Tarleton and Hesketh Bank Summary A Bonus: Oddments Collected along the Way: Crime, Religion, Mayors of Tarleton, Types of Sailing Ships, Reading Old Handwriting, Local Dialect, Chelsea Pensioner, Col. Banastre Tarleton Further Sources to be Explored 2 This book is dedicated to my father: John Henry Edmondson 1914-1999 He was born in Tarleton and died in Tarleton. In between he was postman to the villages of Tarleton and Hesketh Bank for 32 years, and was Clerk to Tarleton Parish Council for 48 years. He knew the villages well and was well known in the villages. -
It's Time to Get Online
Where to get connected across Salford Kersal Moor Catherine Road 12 On the right is a map of places where you can get online A56 for free – either by using a computer that is available Chorley Road A666 and connected to the internet, or by connecting your SWINTON Livia Silverdale 27 internet-enabled phone, tablet ot laptop to free Wi-Fi. STATION Over the page you’ll find the addresses and telephone SWINTON It’s time to TOWN CENTRE Crescent Road numbers of the places on the map. MOORSIDE 53 PARK get online Map key A6044 4 Woodlands Road Your free guide to Publicly accessible computers that are 11 1 33 Victoria Bury New Road where to get connected connected to the internet Park Littleton Road 28 across Salford RIVER IRWELL 6 A576 Salix Homes’ apartment blocks with free Wi-Fi 23 56 Salford in the communal areas (for residents of that Sport Village A572 Langley Road property only) Free publicly accessible Wi-Fi 46 39 10 (no computers available at these locations) A576 A580 B6180 Publicly accessible computers and Wi-Fi 25 15 51 A665 Swinton Park Road A6010 19 ALBERT A576 PARK BOLTON ROAD PLAYING FIELDS 30 14 If you are having any problems Duncan Mathieson Playing Fields Lancaster Road 21 getting online at these locations, B6180 Need help? B6186 A5228 26 Just ask! just ask a member of staff. They 40 can help you connect to public 43 54 Wi-Fi or use the public computers. Green Grosvenor Park Gt. Clowes Street 48 7 2 Bury Old Road Frederick Road A576 A6 BUILE HILL David Lewis PARK Langworthy Road SALFORD 52 Sports Ground A576 49 SHOPPING 8 CENTRE Blackfriars Road31 Add your 42 UNIVERSITY events to the CHIMNEY OF SALFORD site for free! SALFORD A5066 NEW ROYAL NHS POT PARK PEEL FOUNDATION PARK TRUST 37 VICTORIA Salix Homes has 5 SALFORD STATION 18 CRESCENT a new website! The ECCLES 45 Meadow ECCLES M602 Langworthy 44 29 Sign up and get all the TOWN CENTRE STATION Park 3 Clarendon benefits of an online A57 13 22 Park customer account A57 16 57 A57 24 SALFORD Register today at 41 9 CENTRAL De La www.salixhomes.org/signup Salle 47 A576 Barton Lane A5066 Weaste Cemetery A57 S. -
The Rise of Bolton As an Important Engineering and Textile Town in Early 1800 England
I. međunarodna konferencija u povodu 150. obljetnice tvornice torpeda u Rijeci i očuvanja riječke industrijske baštine 57 THE RISE OF BOLTON AS AN IMPORTANT ENGINEERING AND TEXTILE TOWN IN EARLY 1800 ENGLAND Denis O’Connor, Industrial Historian Bolton Lancashire, Great Britain INTRODUCTION The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that Great Britain changed, in the 19th Century, from a rural economy to one based on coal and iron. In doing so it created conditions for British civil, textile and mechanical engineers, such as Robert Whitehead of Bolton, to rise to positions of eminence in their particular fields. Such men travelled across Europe, and laid, through the steam engine and railways, the foundations for many of the regions present day industries. EARLY TEXTILES AND BLEACHING. RISE OF LOCAI INDUSTRIES The origins of Bolton’s textile and engineering industry lie back in the 12th Century with the appointment of a Crown Quality Controller called an Ulnager. During the reign of Henry V111 an itinerant historian Leland observed that ‘Bolton - upon - Moore Market standeth by the cotton and coarse yarns - Diverse villages above Bolton do make Cotton’ and that ‘They burne at Bolton some canelle (coal) of which the Pitts be not far off’. Coal, combined with the many powerful streams of water from the moorlands, provided the basic elements for the textile industry to grow, the damp atmosphere conducive to good spinning of thread. In 1772 a Directory of Manchester (10-12 miles distant) was published, in this can be seen the extent of cloth making in an area of about 12 miles radius round Manchester, with 77 fustian makers (Flax warp and cotton or wool weft) attending the markets, 23 of whom were resident in Bolton. -
Physical-Force Chartism: the Cotton District and the Chartist Crisis of 1839*
ROBERTSYKES PHYSICAL-FORCE CHARTISM: THE COTTON DISTRICT AND THE CHARTIST CRISIS OF 1839* There is a real need to integrate local and national approaches to the study of Chartism. The inadequacies of the pioneering studies of the national movement certainly revealed the need to return to the local roots of the movement.' However, the pattern of local studies largely established by the important volume of Chartist Studies edited by Asa Briggs has had some unfortunate consequences.2 The attempt to provide a comprehensive account of Chartism in a given locality, and cover the entire period from 1838 to 1848, has often precluded extended examination of key issues. Such matters as the relationship between Chartism and other forms of popular protest, Chartist ideology and tactics, the relationship between the Char- tists and the middle class, and the whole cultural and organisational dimen- sion of Chartism have only recently begun to receive detailed analysis.3 There has been a marked tendency for one of the most remarkable aspects of Chartism, the extent to which diverse localities were united in a national movement, to be obscured. Indeed it is evident that many historians returned to the local roots of Chartism without adequate assessments of Chartist ideology, tactics, national organisation and national leadership. Some important recent work has done much to enhance our understanding of such matters.4 A more meaningful assessment of how events in the localities interacted with the national movement is now possible. * I am grateful for the valuable comments of Dr I. J. Prothero and Mrs Dorothy Thompson on an early draft of this article. -
Walk 2 in Between
The Salford Trail is a new, long distance walk of about 50 public transport miles/80 kilometres and entirely within the boundaries The new way to find direct bus services to where you of the City of Salford. The route is varied, going through want to go is Route Explorer. rural areas and green spaces, with a little road walking walk 2 in between. Starting from the cityscape of Salford Quays, tfgm.com/route-explorer the Trail passes beside rivers and canals, through country Access it wherever you are. parks, fields, woods and moss lands. It uses footpaths, tracks and disused railway lines known as ‘loop lines’. Start of walk The Trail circles around to pass through Kersal, Agecroft, Bus Number 8, 26, 34-37 Walkden, Boothstown and Worsley before heading off to Salford Crescent Chat Moss. The Trail returns to Salford Quays from the Bus stop location historic Barton swing bridge and aqueduct. Train Salford Crescent Blackleach During the walk Country Park Bus Number 96, 97, 98, X41, X43 5 3 Clifton Country Park Bus stop location Bury New Road 4 Walkden Roe Green End of walk Route A. 5 miles/8km, about 2.5 hours Kersal Route B. 3 miles/5km, about 1.5 hours 2 Vale Bus Number 92, 93, 95 6 Worsley 7 Littleton Road Post Office Eccles Bus stop location Chat 1 Moss 8 Barton Swing Salford more information peel park to kersal 9 Bridge Quays For information on any changes in the route please Little Starting at Salford Museum and Art Woolden 10 go to visitsalford.info/thesalfordtrail Moss Gallery this section follows the River Irlam For background on the local history that you will Irwell through Kersal Vale and includes come across on the trail or for information on a walk around Kersal Moor. -
Bolton Museum
GB 0416 Pattern books Bolton Museum This catalogue was digitised by The National Archives as part of the National Register of Archives digitisation project NRA 29093 The National Archives List of Textile samples of woven, printed, dyed etc. fabric in the collections of Bolton Museum (Jan. 1977) R.J.B. Description Date Accession no. / 1 Peel Pattern Book - A pattern book of the calico-print circa trade. 36 leaves of notes and pattern samples and 1807-1821 D.1.1971. loosely inserted leaves. Belonged to Robert Peel, fath er of Sir Robert Peel, from print works of Church and Bury. 1 Pattern Book of printed and woven textile designs from 1841-46 D.3.1969. James Hardcastle & Co. ^Bradshaw Works. 1 Pattern Book of printed textile designs from James 1836-44 D. 2.1969 Hardcastle & Co., Bradshaw Works. 9 coloured Patterns on paper of various sizes, illust- A. 3.1967 rating different patterns U3ed in dyeing & printing cotton. 1 Book recording prices and samples referring to dyeing 1824-1827 A. 1.1967 and printing of cotton. Samples of printed and dyed cloth stuck in the book. 1 Book recording instructions and reports on various 1809 A.2.1967 dyeing processes for cotton, using different substances and how to obtain specific colours. Samples of printed and dyed textiles stuck in the book. Book inscribed *John Mellor Jnr. 1809". 1 Sample Book containing 19 small pieces of muslins made 1837 48-29 1/14 by John Bradshaw, Manufacturer, about 1837- John Bradshaw had previously been employed as manager of hand-loom weavers and in 1840 was appointed Relieving Officer for the Western District of Great Bolton. -
1774 Leeds & Liverpool Canal Opened from Liverpool to Gathurst
1774 Leeds & Liverpool Canal opened from Liverpool 1801 Leeds & Liverpool Canal opened from Burnley 1891 Sixth Leeds & Liverpool Canal Act, authorising to Gathurst, and then by Douglas Navigation to to Henfield. construction of Winterburn Reservoir. Wigan. The sections from Skipton to Gargrave, 1805 As a result of the Croston Drainage Scheme, the 1892 Seventh Leeds & Liverpool Canal Act, altering and Bradford to Shipley and Bingley also Rufford Branch is extended from Sollom Lock the rating of the canal. opened, including Bingley 5-rise Locks. to Tarleton. 1893 Leeds & Liverpool Canal, Rates, Tolls, and 1777 Leeds & Liverpool Canal opened from Shipley 1810 Leeds & Liverpool Canal opened from Henfield Charges Order introduced by Parliament. to Leeds. to Blackburn. 1900 circa The lock into the River Douglas at Gathurst Work on constructing the main line ceases, all The use of the Lancaster Canal between Heapey closes. available capital having been spent. and Haigh agreed. 1905 Eighth Leeds & Liverpool Canal Act, extending 1780 Canal, built under the Douglas Navigation Act, 1816 Leeds & Liverpool Canal completed and opened the time allowed for the construction of further opened from Gathurst to Wigan. throughout. reservoirs. 1781 Douglas Navigation closed following the 1819 Fifth Leeds & Liverpool Canal Act passed, 1921 Canal Company disposes of its carrying fleet. opening of the branch canal from Burscough to authorising the construction of the Leigh 1922 Bradford Canal closes permanently. Rufford and Sollom Lock. The lock at Gathurst Branch. 1928 Ninth Leeds & Liverpool Canal Act, altering the remains open to allow boats to reach coal 1820 Leigh Branch opened. tolls charged. wharves on the river in the immediate area. -
Codebook for IPUMS Great Britain 1851-1881 Linked Dataset
Codebook for IPUMS Great Britain 1851-1881 linked dataset 1 Contents SAMPLE: Sample identifier 12 SERIAL: Household index number 12 SEQ: Index to distinguish between copies of households with multiple primary links 12 PERNUM: Person index within household 13 LINKTYPE: Link type 13 LINKWT: Number of cases in linkable population represented by linked case 13 NAMELAST: Last name 13 NAMEFRST: First name 13 AGE: Age 14 AGEMONTH: Age in months 14 BPLCNTRY: Country of birth 14 BPLCTYGB: County of birth, Britain 20 CFU: CFU index number 22 CFUSIZE: Number of people in individuals CFU 23 CNTRY: Country of residence 23 CNTRYGB: Country within Great Britain 24 COUNTYGB: County, Britain 24 ELDCH: Age of eldest own child in household 27 FAMSIZE: Number of own family members in household 27 FAMUNIT: Family unit membership 28 FARM: Farm, NAPP definition 29 GQ: Group quarters 30 HEADLOC: Location of head in household 31 2 HHWT: Household weight 31 INACTVGB: Adjunct occupational code (Inactive), Britain 31 LABFORCE: Labor force participation 51 MARRYDAU: Number of married female off-spring in household 51 MARRYSON: Number of married male off-spring in household 51 MARST: Marital status 52 MIGRANT: Migration status 52 MOMLOC: Mothers location in household 52 NATIVITY: Nativity 53 NCHILD: Number of own children in household 53 NCHLT10: Number of own children under age 10 in household 53 NCHLT5: Number of own children under age 5 in household 54 NCOUPLES: Number of married couples in household 54 NFAMS: Number of families in household 54 NFATHERS: Number of fathers