DOCSLIB.ORG

Canine Disease Gene Identificationn by Jeremy R. Shearman The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Canine Disease Gene Identificationn by Jeremy R. Shearman The CCaanniinnee DDiisseeaassee GGeennee IIddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn by Jeremy R. Shearman The University of New South Wales 2011 School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South Wales THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Shearman First name: Jeremy Other name/s: Ross Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: BABS Faculty: Science Title: Canine disease gene identification Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) The dog (Canis familiaris) was domesticated from wolves around 15,000 years ago in multiple locations in the northern hemisphere. Most modern dogs were developed from domestic dogs in the past 200 years in Europe. This breed development resulted in genetically isolated, highly inbred populations segregating diseases. Two autosomal recessive diseases are Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) in Border collies and cerebellar abiotrophy in Australian Kelpies. TNS is an inherited neutropenia resulting in a compromised immune system. TNS was mapped to VPS13B using a candidate gene approach and linkage analysis. Sequencing of the gene in affected and control dogs identified a 4 bp deletion in exon 19 causing frame shift and premature truncation. Alternate transcripts of VPS13B are expressed in the brain of humans but not mice. Sequencing of cDNA from healthy dogs revealed that dogs also express alternate transcripts in the brain. Cerebellar abiotrophy in the Australian Kelpie results in an ataxia. Affymetrix SNP array v2 was used to perform whole genome mapping in twelve affecteds and twenty control Kelpies. Association analysis failed to identify the disease region. Homozygosity analysis identified a five megabase region where all affecteds were homozygous for a common haplotype. This region was enriched for two affecteds and one control using Nimblegen sequence capture arrays and sequenced on a 454 using titanium chemistry and multiplex identifiers. A total of 2019 differences were identified homozygous in the affecteds compared to controls, 682 of those were in genic regions, 25 were in exons and 8 changed an amino acid. Declaration relating to disposition of project thesis/dissertation I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstracts International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). …………………………………………… ……………………………………..……… ……….……………...…….… Signature Witness Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances requiring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests for restriction for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances and require the approval of the Dean of Graduate Research. FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date of completion of requirements for Award: THIS SHEET IS TO BE GLUED TO THE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THE THESIS ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed …………………………………………………... Date …………………………………………………... Acknowledgements I would like to thank Alan Wilton first and foremost for taking me on as a student despite not having a scholarship. I was able to survive thanks to Angela Higgins from the UNSW sequencing centre employing me as a casual research assistant two days a week for most of my PhD. The sequencing centre then became a part of the Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis, which fortunately kept me on as a casual employee – Thanks to Ian Dawes, Helen Speirs and Jason Koval. Thanks to all the past and current member of the Wilton lab: Louise, Carol, Scott, Natsuki, Pete, Julia, Yosh, Claire, Auda, Zi, Paulina, Pranoy, Mathew and Annie (roughly in order of appearance). Also Thanks to my co-supervisor: Peter Little and his lab group: Rohan, Mark, Oscar and Michael who occupied the other end of the lab. The next generation of occupants of the other end of the lab (my new co-supervisor) Bill Ballard and his group: Rich, Innes, Jonci, Pann Pann, Lou, Carolina and Kylie (there is something about that side of the lab that attracts head-of-school type PI’s). On the note of thanking all of those people (most of which have left UNSW already) it is good to be the one leaving for a change. Thanks to all my friends: Alex, Paul, Kellie, Kevin, Frances, Kye, Jackie, Grace, Alex, Richard, Michael, Claire, Auda, Eser, Paulina, Zi, Jonci, Pranoy, Natsuki, Lee- Anne, Clare, Emily, Michael, Allan, Graham, Aisha, Adam and Ken. Thanks to my family, especially my brothers who find it quite amusing that after 9 years of university, I will still be learning less than their truck driver wage. Special thanks to Auda for printing, binding and submitting my thesis for me while I lived it up it Thailand. Most special thanks to Kittiya - the reason that I am in Thailand. Abstract The dog (Canis familiaris) was domesticated from wolves around 15,000 years ago in multiple locations in the northern hemisphere. Most modern dogs were developed from domestic dogs in the past 200 years in Europe. This breed development resulted in genetically isolated, highly inbred populations segregating diseases. Two autosomal recessive diseases are Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) in Border collies and cerebellar abiotrophy in Australian Kelpies. TNS is an inherited neutropenia resulting in a compromised immune system. TNS was mapped to VPS13B using a candidate gene approach and linkage analysis. Sequencing of the gene in affected and control dogs identified a 4 bp deletion in exon 19 causing frame shift and premature truncation. Alternate transcripts of VPS13B are expressed in the brain of humans but not mice. Sequencing of cDNA from healthy dogs revealed that dogs also express alternate transcripts in the brain. Cerebellar abiotrophy in the Australian Kelpie results in an ataxia. Affymetrix SNP array v2 was used to perform whole genome mapping in twelve affecteds and twenty control Kelpies. Association analysis failed to identify the disease region. Homozygosity analysis identified a five megabase region where all affecteds were homozygous for a common haplotype. This region was enriched for two affecteds and one control using Nimblegen sequence capture arrays and sequenced on a 454 using titanium chemistry and multiplex identifiers. A total of 2019 differences were identified homozygous in the affecteds compared to controls, 682 of those were in genic regions, 25 were in exons and 8 changed an amino acid. List of Publications Shearman JR and Wilton AN. (2011) Mapping Cerebellar Abiotrophy in Australian Kelpies. Animal Genetics. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02199.x Shearman JR and Wilton AN. (2011) The effects of inbreeding on the incidence of disease in a pedigree population. Animal Genetics. In prep Shearman JR and Wilton AN. (2011) A Canine Model of Cohen Syndrome: Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome. BMC Genomics. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12- 258 Shearman JR and Wilton AN. (2011) Origins of the domestic dog and the rich potential for gene mapping. Genetics Research International. 2011: 1-6. Vonholdt BM, Pollinger JP, Lohmueller KE, Han E, Parker HG, Quignon P, Degenhardt JD, Boyko AR, Earl DA, Auton A, Reynolds A, Bryc K, Brisbin A, Knowles JC, Mosher DS, Spady TC, Elkahloun A, Geffen E, Pilot M, Jedrzejewski W, Greco C, Randi E, Bannasch D, Wilton A, Shearman J, Musiani M, Cargill M, Jones PG, Qian Z, Huang W, Ding ZL, Zhang YP, Bustamante CD, Ostrander EA, Novembre J and Wayne RK. (2010) Genome- wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying dog domestication. Nature. 464: 898-902. Shearman JR, Lau VM and Wilton AN. (2008) Elimination of SETX, SYNE1 and ATCAY as the cause of Cerebellar Abiotrophy in Australian Kelpies. Animal Genetics. 39: 573. Shearman JR and Wilton AN. (2007) Elimination of neutrophil elastase and the genes for adaptor protein complex 3 subunits as the cause of trapped neutrophil syndrome in Border collies. Animal Genetics. 38: 188-189. Shearman JR, Zhang QY and Wilton AN. (2006) Exclusion of CXCR4 as the cause of Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome in Border Collies using five microsatellites on canine chromosome 19. Animal Genetics. 37: 89. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................IV LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Developing a Better Breeding Program
    Pedigree Analysis and How Breeding Decisions Affect Genes Jerold S Bell DVM, Clinical Associate Professor of Genetics, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine To some breeders, determining which traits will appear in may be phenotypically uniform, but will rarely breed true due the offspring of a mating is like rolling the dice - a to the mix of dissimilar genes. combination of luck and chance. For others, producing certain traits involves more skill than luck - the result of One reason to outbreed would be to bring in new traits that careful study and planning. As breeders, you must your breeding stock does not possess. While the parents may understand how matings manipulate genes within your be genetically dissimilar, you should choose a mate that breeding stock to produce the kinds of offspring you desire. corrects your breeding animal's faults but complements its good traits. It is not unusual to produce an excellent quality When evaluating your breeding program, remember that individual from an outbred litter. The abundance of genetic most traits you're seeking cannot be changed, fixed or variability can place all the right pieces in one individual. created in a single generation. The more information you Many top-winning show animals are outbred. Consequently, can obtain on how certain traits have been transmitted by however, they may have low inbreeding coefficients and may your animal's ancestors, the better you can prioritize your lack the ability to uniformly pass on their good traits to their breeding goals. Tens of thousands of genes interact to offspring. After an outbreeding, breeders may want to breed produce a single individual.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Onset of Cerebellar Abiotrophy in a Boxer
    SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Veterinary Medicine International Volume 2010, Article ID 406275, 4 pages doi:10.4061/2010/406275 Case Report Late Onset of Cerebellar Abiotrophy in aBoxerDog Sanjeev Gumber, Doo-Youn Cho, and Timothy W. Morgan Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Sanjeev Gumber, [email protected] Received 2 August 2010; Accepted 7 November 2010 Academic Editor: Daniel Smeak Copyright © 2010 Sanjeev Gumber et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cerebellar abiotrophy is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system and has been reported in humans and animals. This case report documents clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of cerebellar abiotrophy in an adult Boxer dog. A 3.5-year-old, female, tan Boxer dog presented with a six-week history of left-sided head tilt. Neurological examination and additional diagnostics during her three subsequent visits over 4.5 months revealed worsening of neurological signs including marked head pressing, severe proprioceptive deficits in all the four limbs, loss of menace response and palpebral reflex in the left eye, and a gradual seizure lasting one hour at her last visit. Based on the immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and histopathological examination of cerebellum, cerebellar cortical abiotrophy was diagnosed. This is the first reported case of cerebellar abiotrophy in a Boxer dog to our knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedigree Analysis and Optimisation of the Breeding Programme of the Markiesje and the Stabyhoun
    Pedigree analysis and optimisation of the breeding programme of the Markiesje and the Stabyhoun Aiming to improve health and welfare and maintain genetic diversity Harmen Doekes REG.NR.: 920809186050 Major thesis Animal Breeding and Genetics (ABG-80436) January, 2016 Supervisors/examiners: Piter Bijma - Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University Kor Oldenbroek - Centre for Genetic Resources the Netherlands (CGN), Wageningen UR Jack Windig - Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research Thesis: Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre Pedigree analysis and optimisation of the breeding programme of the Markiesje and the Stabyhoun Aiming to improve health and welfare and maintain genetic diversity Harmen Doekes REG.NR.: 920809186050 Major thesis Animal Breeding and Genetics (ABG-80436) January, 2016 Supervisors: Kor Oldenbroek - Centre for Genetic Resources the Netherlands (CGN), Wageningen UR Jack Windig - Animal Breeding & Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research Examiners: Piter Bijma - Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University Kor Oldenbroek - Centre for Genetic Resources the Netherlands (CGN), Wageningen UR Commissioned by: Nederlandse Markiesjes Vereniging Nederlandse Vereniging voor Stabij- en Wetterhounen Preface This major thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Animal Sciences of Wageningen University, the Netherlands. It comprises an unpublished study on the genetic status of two Dutch dog breeds, the Markiesje and the Stabyhoun. that was commissioned by the Breed Clubs of the breeds, the ‘Nederlandse Markiesjes Vereniging’ and the ‘Nederlandse Vereniging voor Stabij- en Wetterhounen’. It was written for readers with limited pre-knowledge. Although the thesis focusses on two breeds, it addresses issues that are found in many dog breeds.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relation Between Canine Hip Dysplasia, Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding by Breed
    Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2014, 4, 67-71 Published Online May 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojvm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2014.45008 The Relation between Canine Hip Dysplasia, Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding by Breed Frank H. Comhaire Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Email: [email protected] Received 18 March 2014; revised 18 April 2014; accepted 28 April 2014 Copyright © 2014 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Objectives: To assess the relation between the prevalence of canine hip dysplasia, inbreeding and genetic diversity by breed. Methods: Retrospective pedigree analysis of 9 breeds based on a ref- erence population of 41,728 individuals, and hip dysplasia assessment in 1745 dogs. Results: Hip dysplasia was less common among breeds with higher coefficient of inbreeding, lower genetic di- versity, and highest contribution of one single ancestor to the population. Inbreeding not exceed- ing 3.25% should be considered safe since it will maintain a sufficiently high genetic diversity within the breed. Clinical Significance: Together with published data on single breeds, the present findings question the general assumption that line-breeding or in-breeding has an adverse effect on the prevalence of hip dysplasia. Hip assessment is indicated in all breeds, but better methods are needed for selecting dogs suitable for reproduction. Keywords Genetic Diversity, Effective Population Size, Inbreeding, Hip Dysplasia 1. Introduction A high degree of inbreeding increases the probability of homozygosity of recessive genes, and enhances the risk of hereditary diseases coming to expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Canine Hereditary Ataxia in Old English Sheepdogs and Gordon Setters Is Associated with a Defect in the Autophagy Gene Encoding RAB24
    Canine Hereditary Ataxia in Old English Sheepdogs and Gordon Setters Is Associated with a Defect in the Autophagy Gene Encoding RAB24 The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Agler, Caryline, Dahlia M. Nielsen, Ganokon Urkasemsin, Andrew Singleton, Noriko Tonomura, Snaevar Sigurdsson, Ruqi Tang, et al. “Canine Hereditary Ataxia in Old English Sheepdogs and Gordon Setters Is Associated with a Defect in the Autophagy Gene Encoding RAB24.” Edited by Tosso Leeb. PLoS Genet 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2014): e1003991. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003991 Publisher Public Library of Science Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86370 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Canine Hereditary Ataxia in Old English Sheepdogs and Gordon Setters Is Associated with a Defect in the Autophagy Gene Encoding RAB24 Caryline Agler1, Dahlia M. Nielsen2, Ganokon Urkasemsin1, Andrew Singleton3, Noriko Tonomura4,5, Snaevar Sigurdsson4, Ruqi Tang4, Keith Linder6, Sampath Arepalli3, Dena Hernandez3, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh4,7, Joyce van de Leemput3, Alison Motsinger-Reif2,8, Dennis P. O’Brien9, Jerold Bell5, Tonya Harris1, Steven Steinberg10, Natasha J. Olby1,8* 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America, 2 Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Dog Domestication by Integrating Genetics, Archeology, and Biogeography
    Rethinking dog domestication by integrating genetics, archeology, and biogeography Greger Larsona,1, Elinor K. Karlssonb,c, Angela Perria, Matthew T. Webster d,SimonY.W.Hoe, Joris Petersf, Peter W. Stahl g, Philip J. Piperh,i, Frode Lingaasj, Merete Fredholmk, Kenine E. Comstockl, Jaime F. Modianom,n, Claude Schellingo, Alexander I. Agoulnikp, Peter A. Leegwaterq, Keith Dobneyr, Jean-Denis Vignes, Carles Vilàt, Leif Anderssond,u, and Kerstin Lindblad-Tohb,d aDurham Evolution and Ancient DNA, Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; bBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142; cFaculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138; dScience for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; eSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia; fVeterinary Sciences Department, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany; gDepartment of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 2Y2; hSchool of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 200, Australia; iArchaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines; jDepartment of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Division of Genetics, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science,
    [Show full text]
  • Canis Africanis
    Canis Africanis VAN SITTERT_Prelims_i-iv.indd i 9/20/2007 7:02:12 PM Human-Animal Studies Editor Kenneth Shapiro Animals & Society Institute Editorial Board Ralph Acampora Hofstra University Clifton Flynn University of South Carolina Hilda Kean Ruskin College, Oxford Randy Malamud Georgia State University Gail Melson Purdue University VOLUME 5 VAN SITTERT_Prelims_i-iv.indd ii 9/20/2007 7:02:13 PM Canis Africanis A Dog History of Southern Africa Edited by Lance van Sittert and Sandra Swart LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 VAN SITTERT_Prelims_i-iv.indd iii 9/20/2007 7:02:13 PM Cover design: Wim Goedhart Cover illustration: Title of art work: Bitumen Dogs Artist: Imke Rust (P.O. Box 86241, Windhoek, Namibia) Triptych 97 76cm each. Acrylic and bitumen on cardboard Permanent Collection of the Arts Association of Namibia Copyright © Imke Rust This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Hollander, David B. (David Bruce) Money in the late Roman Republic / by David B. Hollander. p. cm. — (Columbia studies in the classical tradition ; 29) Based on the author’s Ph.D. thesis, Roman money in the late Republic, presented to Columbia University in 2002. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-90-04-15649-4 ISBN-10: 90-04-15649-6 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Money—Rome—History. 2. Coinage—Rome—History. 3. Monetary policy—Rome—History. 4. Rome—Economic conditions. I. Title. HG237.H636 2007 332.4'93709014—dc22 2006051844 ISSN 1573-4226 ISBN 978 90 04 15419 3 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Abiotrophy in Domestic Animals: a Review
    Abiotrophy in Domestic Animals: A Review Alexander de Lahunta ABSTRACT and it allows us to concentrate our can be made to normal neuronal efforts on determining the specific development in which many popula- This review of abiotrophies in cytological defect that is present and tions of differentiated neurons die domestic animals has been organized ideally the genetic basis for its prematurely as a normal programmed by the predominate anatomical loca- occurrence. When we use abiotrophy developmental event. Some of the tion of the lesion. Secondary consider- to name a disease, we are only mechanisms may be common to both ations include the major signs of the describing the pathological process processes. This normal developmental clinical disorder and special neuropa- a concept of the mechanism resulting event occurs in the peripheral nervous thological features. Those abiotro- in the degeneration that is described. system when motoneurons from the phies that have an established genetic As the underlying cause of the ventral grey column fail to develop a basis are identifiled but the review abiotrophy is determined, this should normal motor end plate relationship includes degenerative disorders in be used in naming the disease. Using with a skeletal muscle fiber which is which the etiology is not yet the concept of abiotrophy in its the target organ. These neurons established. broadest sense it is applicable to any of degenerate. The ultimate size and the inherited degenerative diseases of shape of the ventral grey column the nervous system. This would reflects this normal degenerative Gowers in 1902 (1) gave a lecture include the numerous cerebellar process (2,3).
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Current State of Genetic Testing - a Living Resource
    Review of the Current State of Genetic Testing - A Living Resource Prepared by Liza Gershony, DVM, PhD and Anita Oberbauer, PhD of the University of California, Davis Editorial input by Leigh Anne Clark, PhD of Clemson University July, 2020 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 I. The Basics ......................................................................................................................................... 2 II. Modes of Inheritance ....................................................................................................................... 7 a. Mendelian Inheritance and Punnett Squares ................................................................................. 7 b. Non-Mendelian Inheritance ........................................................................................................... 10 III. Genetic Selection and Populations ................................................................................................ 13 IV. Dog Breeds as Populations ............................................................................................................. 15 V. Canine Genetic Tests ...................................................................................................................... 16 a. Direct and Indirect Tests ................................................................................................................ 17 b. Single
    [Show full text]
  • Draft for a Discussion on Basic Genetics.Pdf
    2 Foreword. “Mens sana in corpore sano” : a healthy mind in a healthy body. The health of the Rottweiler, worldwide, lies close to our heart and is embedded in the Constitution of the International Federation of Rottweilerfriends (IFR). It’s reference to the health of all breeding dogs, implies that the Federation and its Memberclubs must pay particular attention to genetic disorders. For the Rottweiler, Hip Dysplasia (HD) and Elbow Dysplasia (ED) were the first disorders that worldwide led to regulations meant to diminish the genetic affection of the breed. The measures that were taken by breed clubs and/or kennelclubs, mostly by excluding the dogs that are affected by the disease from breeding, have proven to be quite effective, although not enough to completely eliminate the genetic factor and remove it from the genepool Still they have helped to limit the number of affected dogs and to avoid a lot of suffering. In this brochure you will find a brief review of just a few of the genetic diseases that are said to have entered the Rottweiler’s genepool. 1 The list is not new, nor the particular diseases on it. Even the way of approaching the problem is known for a long time and was amongst others confirmed in the International Breeding Strategies of the FCI that were approved in 2009. Indeed, not just for the Rottweiler but for many other breeds too, cynology has sounded a loud alarm concerning an ever more reduced genetic diversity among certain canine breeds, causing not only extreme phenotypes (2) but also physical and health problems.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LIVES of DOMESTIC DOGS (CANIS AFRICANIS) in BOTSWANA Alice Hovorka1 and Lauren Van Patte2
    Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies Vol. 31(1), 2017 THE LIVES OF DOMESTIC DOGS (CANIS AFRICANIS) IN BOTSWANA Alice Hovorka1 and Lauren Van Patte2 Abstract The objective of this study is to document the roles, value, circumstances, and welfare management of domestic dogs (Canis Africanis) in Greater Maun, Botswana. Findings based on interviews with sixty participants, as well as key informant interviews and participant observation, reveal high incidence of dog ownership with dogs primarily used as guardians and companions at rural villages, cattle posts and urban homesteads. Dogs are particularly valued for their obedience to and security offered owners. Participants care for their dogs by providing them with food, allowing them free access to areas outside of homesteads, and accessing medical attention when necessary. Participants were pleased with veterinary care, sterilization and vaccination services provided by the local animal welfare organization and urge government to become more involved in dog- related services, laws and education for community members. Analysis of these findings reveals emerging trends related to changing dog roles, urbanization, regulation, and breeding are re- orienting dog roles and circumstances, as well as welfare management needs. Ultimately, this study establishes baseline data regarding human-dog relations and is positioned to inform community development and animal welfare efforts in Botswana. Key words: Dogs, roles, welfare, human-dog relations INTRODUCTION Free-roaming domestic dogs are ubiquitous in rural, peri-urban and urban areas throughout Southern Africa. Originally understood as the ‘mongrel progeny of settler dogs’ (Swart 2003:194), recent arguments posit that they are direct descendants of the Arabian wolf, domesticated 7000 years ago in Northern Africa and the Middle East (Gaubert et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Cerebellar Disease in the Dog and Cat
    CEREBELLAR DISEASE IN THE DOG AND CAT: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND CLINICAL CASE STUDY (1996-1998) b y Diane Dali-An Lu BVetMed A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Veterinary Medicine (M.V.M.) In the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Glasgow Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies Division of Small Animal Clinical Studies University of Glasgow Veterinary School A p ril 1 9 9 9 © Diane Dali-An Lu 1999 ProQuest Number: 13815577 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13815577 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 GLASGOW UNIVERSITY lib ra ry ll5X C C ^ Summary SUMMARY________________________________ The aim of this thesis is to detail the history, clinical findings, ancillary investigations and, in some cases, pathological findings in 25 cases of cerebellar disease in dogs and cats which were presented to Glasgow University Veterinary School and Hospital during the period October 1996 to June 1998. Clinical findings were usually characteristic, although the signs could range from mild tremor and ataxia to severe generalised ataxia causing frequent falling over and difficulty in locomotion.
    [Show full text]