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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6 ” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infoimation Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE CELLO WORKS OF HSIAO TYZEN DOCUMENT Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Musical Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ru-Ping Chen, B. F. A., M. M. * * * * The Ohio State University 1999 Document Committee: ^ Ih a m Conable, Adviser Approved b Burdette Green Marshall Haddock Adviser School of Music UMI Number: 9931579 Copyright 1999 by Chen, Ru-Ping All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9931579 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by Ru-Ping Chen 1999 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the cello works of Hsiao Tyzen, one of the most important contemporary Taiwanese composers. Although his compositional style is influenced by Rachmaninoff, Chopin, and Bartok, it is also strongly marked by native Taiwanese folk music. Hsiao received a western musical education in Taiwan, Japan and the United States. Because of the Taiwanese political situation, he stayed in America for eighteen years before returning to Taiwan in 1995. This study includes a brief history of Taiwan, a survey of Taiwanese folk music, and a discussion development of western music in Taiwan to provide a general background for Hsiao’s life and music. In this study, the analysis and discussion o f Hsiao’s cello works, including a cello concerto and five pieces, focuses on aspects of form, melody, harmony, and on national elements in the works. His music reflects the confluence of western and eastern traditions and represents a new trend among contemporary Taiwanese composers. A discussion of music interpretation regarding the folk elements is provided as a reference for performers. The document will perhaps enlighten cellists and motivate them to explore and perform these musically rewarding works, and encourage Taiwanese composers to continue to make their music known internationally. 11 Dedicated to my parents, Chen I-Ping and Yeh Mei-Hui and to my husband, Lin Shi-Ling < #:% /#> 111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor. Professor William Conable, for his intellectual guidance, encouragement, and patience, which made this document possible. I also thank the other committee members. Professors Burdette Green and Marshall Haddock, for their stimulating discussions and support. I am grateful to the composer Hsiao Tyzen < # # # > for countless inspiring and enjoyable conversations on his music. My special thanks to the Hsiao Tyzen Music Foundation in Taiwan, Melody Kuo < ^ ^ i^ > in California, and Carol Ou in Boston for providing me with scores and other valuable information about the composer. I also wish to thank Wu Meng-Jiao who helped me obtain the information about Taiwan folk music and the development of western music in Taiwan. Finally, I wish to express my eternal appreciation to my parents, Chen I-Ping <WMi 2p>, Yeh Mei-Hui and my brother and sisters, for their constant love, encouragement and support; to my husband, Lin Shi-Ling < # # /# > , and my parents and sister in law, for their boundless generosity, patience, and love; and to Marie-Aline Cadieux, for her fiiendship and moral support during the months of work on this document. IV VITA August 31, 1969............................................ Bom-Tainan, Taiwan 1988-1992 ...................................................... B. F. A., National Institute of the Arts Taipei, Taiwan 1993-1995 ...................................................... M. M., The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1994-Present .................................................. Graduate Teaching Associate The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Music Study in: Cello Performance TABLE OF CONTENTS Eags Abstract ..................................................................................................................... ü Dedication .................................................................................................................. üi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. iv Vita ............................................................................................................................. V List of Examples ...................................................................................................... viii List of Tables ............................................................................................................. x Chapters: 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 2. A Brief History of Taiwan ................................................................................ 5 2.1 Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century ...................................................... 6 2.2 Nineteenth Century ................................................................................... 7 2.3 Twentieth Century .................................................................................... 7 3. A Survey of Traditional Taiwanese Music ..................................................... 11 3.1 The Music of the Aboriginal Tribes ........................................................ 11 3.2 The Music of the Han People .................................................................. 14 3.2.1 The Music of the Hokkien People ............................................ 14 3.2.2 The Music of the Hakka People ............................................... 21 4. The Development of Western Music in Taiwan ............................................ 23 4.1 Years between 1624-1858 ........................................................................ 23 4.2 Years between 1859-1895 ........................................................................ 24 4.3 Years between 1895-1945 ........................................................................ 24 4.4 Years after 1945......................................................................................... 26 VI 5. Hsiao Tyzen ....................................................................................................... 31 5.1 Biography ................................................................................................. 31 5.2 Achievement ............................................................................................ 40 5.3 Works ........................................................................................................ 41 5.4 Style.......................................................................................................... 46 6 . Cello Concerto in C major, op. 52 ................................................................... 49 6 .1 Background ............................................................................................. 49 6.2 Performance ............................................................................................. 50 6.3 Editions .................................................................................................... 51 6.4 Critical Review........................................................................................ 51 6.5 Music Sources ......................................................................................... 52 6 . 6 Style......................................................................................................... 54 6.7 Analysis: First Movement ....................................................................... 58 6 . 8 Analysis: Second Movement .................................................................. 65 6.9 Analysis: Third Movement ...................................................................... 75 7. Cello Pieces ........................................................................................................ 84 7.1 The Magic of Love ................................................................................. 85 7.2 Dancing
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