The Standard-Bred Cornish Fowl; a Practical Treatise on Their Standard
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<$ V * vP S *z* v ,f -2* A <? ^ ^S ^ 8 * '« ^ .** ^0« <\- ==3$ ji. j> ^ <£- r ' ^ i> 0° oo <?• ^^ > V* * ^ ^^ O 4 * > >*V<* ^ * K <5^ iKST* °. <y o r to w^ •*--* 03U77-36 00-0189 ? F _J2 * t 1 The CORNISH FOWL 1 A History of the Breed and P Its Development in America zmffimrm&rtimmmmmtmimvmtimm FRED H. BOHRER . "' THE . STANDARD-BRED CORNISH FOWL A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THEIR STANDARD REQUIREMENTS - MATING AND BREEDING-REARING-HOUSING-TRAINING AND CONDITIONING FOR EXHIBITION -JUDGING AND UTILITY VALUES-GENETICS AND MENDELISM OUTLINED, ETC. by FRED H. BOHRER » Secretary-Treasurer of the American Cornish Club ; Editor of the American Cornish Club Annual Year-book and the Club Publication, " THE CORNISH CHRONICLE"; Official Club Judge; Registered Judge of the American Poultry Association ; Judge and Official Registrar of the National Breeders' and Fanciers' Association. ILL US T RA TED The AMERICAN STANDARD OF PERFECTION is used as a Basis of the Text and Illustrations. UTIGA, NEW YORK 1922 Copyright, 1922, by FRED H. BOHRER [All rights reserved] AUG -4 72 C1A680509 *A* ( THE CORNISH FOWLS A CONTRAST How the Cornish fowl differs in physical make-up from the loose-feathered breeds. THE CORNISH FOWL PREFACE My viewpoint of Cornish may be slightly different from that of some present-dajr fanicers, on account of long association with the breed and the fact that I watched it emerge from a mass of nondescript fighting fowls bred originally for pit use in natural spurs, and for that purpose first brought to America. Many kinds of grade Orientals—some English-made crosses, others of pure East Indian blood—were bred in England as " In- dian Game " when the first club was organized and an effort made to establish certain features and colors as the proper thing for exhibition purposes. The winning birds of those days were not extremely large. Some cocks as light as eight pounds and few over ten. Then in the early '90's came a rage for longer legs and greater weight, and an apparent mixing on the otherside with some soft-feathered race. This was found to be a mistake and later there came an infusion of more Aseel blood, a reversion to the Oriental in type with the low blocky " battleship " form. This return to the Aseel which was advocated and pursued by myself in America before it was taken up by the fanciers of Britain, produced the Cornish of to-day. My only fear now is that our British friends may go too far. They often incline to- ward extremes. Let us stop at the Aseel type. Do not encourage blockiness to the extent of turning the Cornish into a Dorking. " Another point : If we follow our slogan Cornish on Every Farm," we must produce such Cornish as will be able to take care of themselves on a farm. Not the listless waddling fourteen pounder, but a bird of some sprightliness and ability to hustle. One that can go after a grasshopper and catch him. It seems to me that present Standard weights are better than heavier ones would be, both for the egg basket and also for the general popu- larity of the fowl. Even in a " beef breed," quality should be considered before quantity. There has long been a need for a real breed book on Cornish. Those old monographs of the early days, by Whitfield and Bab- cock, were written at a time when the fowl was still in a develop- ing stage, and as a consequence, the books became out of date within a very few years after their publication. I started a sim- ilar work myself in 1893 but never completed it. The preliminary chapters were printed in the " Game Fowl Monthly." Since that time nothing has been done until our worthy Club Secretary, Mr. Bohrer, was finally persuaded to get busy with his pen. Now at last we have an up-to-date treatise that does justice to our breed. It should be appreciated by fanciers, and will help teach the gen- eral public how fascinating and valuable Cornish really are. May this little volume meet with the success it truly deserves.' [Signed] H. P. CLARKE. Indianapolis, Ind. THE CORNISH FOWL INTRODUCTION The Cornish fowl in America came from England. The Cor- nish or Indian Game fowl in England has a vague origin. The history of ages is behind it. The glamor of antiquity envelopes it, making it inseparable from the history of nations long since dead. Its forebears rambled and fought in the palaces of kings and the courts of princes, and were bartered for wives in the market places. On account of the increasing popularity of the breed in America, and its established position among the fancy and utility fowls of Great Britain, this book has been written to help spread the knowledge of its merits. An attempt has been made to touch on all phases of raising Cornish. An exhaustive study has been made of Cornish history and of methods of breeding both past and present, with a view to giving the reader a comprehensive knowledge of the breed, in one volume. Many avenues of information have been searched. No effort has been spared to obtain the most accurate data. The varieties of American origin, the White, Buff and White Laced Red Cornish, have much to commend them to the beginner, and the most accurate information obtainable has been given. The writer is indebted for much of the history of the breed and for the cuts to Dr. H. P. Clarke, Indianapolis; Dr. J. Leslie Davis, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Chas. S. Brent, Oconomowoc, Wis. ; W. S. Templeton, Santa Clara, Cal. ; W. H. Card, Manchester, Conn., and Courtland H. Smith, Warrenton, Va. ; also to excerpts from the year books of the American Cornish Club, " The Cornish Chron- icle," " The Poultry Item," " The Reliable Poultry Journal," and " Everybody's Poultry Magazine." Grateful acknowledgment is made to my brother, Dr. J. William Bohrer, New York City, for reading and suggesting revisions in copy and proofs. The CORNISH FOWL is sent forth on its journey with the sincere hope that it may prove an inspiration and help to all who are interested in poultry breeding, whether Cornish or any other breed of poultry. FRED H. BOHRER. Utica, N. Y. The Standard-bred Cornish Fowl CHAPTER I ORIGIN AND HISTORY The Genealogy—In attempting to establish the genealogy of the Cornish fowl, it is necessary, first, to trace through antiquity the influence of the Aseel fowl of India on the breed. The word " aseel " (1) is derived from the Arabic asil, meaning "noble," and not, as is usually supposed, from the asl, meaning " thorough- bred." The name being common in Indian, it is not surprising to learn that the first mention of this historic fowl is to be found in the Code of Manu, a post-Buddist group of laws, written some three hundred years before Christ, wherein cock fighting was established as a popular sport. The Aseel fowl is occasionally referred to in later parchments which state that it is indigenous to the country about Agra, Delhi and Lucknow, India. Mention has been made that the breed abounded in the garden of Gethse- mane. During the rule of the Caesars, this fowl was most com- monly used for fighting and bartering. We have little exact data of its early history, most of what is known about the Aseel fowl of olden days coming to us principally from books of travel, or from log-books of tramp sailing vessels. Cock fighting is one of the oldest pastimes known to man. The Aseel fowl, due to its pugnacity, has become a heritage from the ancient world. Much mystery and romanticism is shrouded about the breed. Few countries can be excluded from the list of breeders of the fighting cock. As travel became more common, and conquests of rising empires spread, it is natural to suppose that soldiers, invading different lands, had with them their pet fighting cocks. Thus, the early existence of the Aseel fowl in England was due to Roman gladiators; this would solve the mystery of its presence there at the time of the Druids. The Fowls of the Orient—The Aseel fowl has stamped its type on its progeny so firmly that it may be stated that there is little difference between the ancient syecimens and those found in England before breeding and crossing became of any import- ance. They have been much the same at all times. Exceptions have been noted. The so-called " cullum " breed of India is a " mongrel type of Aseel, kept by the natives for " naked-heel 1—F. G. Duttan first applied the name Aseel to the breed in England about 1875. s THE CORNISH FOWL fighting'. Then there is the type known as the Kadir cock, like the Aseel found in the southern part of India; also the Bhenghums, with single combs, which vary little from the original Aseel ; and the Chittagong, a long-legged fowl of little game tendencies. The Cornish fowl as a distinct breed never existed in India. The name Cornish was brought into use prior to 1886 in connec- CORNISH ANCESTORS Representing the type coming from India known as " Pheas- ant Malay " or " Indian Game." tion with and to distinguish from fowls of the Aseel type and the original Indian Game,* and was quoted in the " Fanciers' Ga- zette " (London) in the issue of April 16, 1886, by Mr. George Payne, originator of Pyle and Duckwing Leghorns. The Aseel fowl of India may be called the direct parent to Cornish and Malay, grandparent to the Brahma, and patriarch to all peacomb varieties, except the Sumatra.