A. V. Reddy, et al Page 1 of 30 TRB Paper Manuscript #11-2016 (Revision 051A) Measuring and Controlling Subway Fare Evasion: Improving Safety and Security at New York City Transit Authority Alla V. Reddy*, Jacqueline Kuhls, and Alex Lu * Corresponding author Alla Reddy Senior Director, System Data & Research (SDR), Operations Planning New York City Transit 2 Broadway, Office A17.92, New York, N.Y. 10004-2207 Tel: (646) 252-5662 Email:
[email protected] Jacqueline Kuhls Unit Chief, Resource Review, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) New York City Transit 2 Broadway, Office D17.95, New York, N.Y. 10004-2207 Tel: (646) 252-2377 Email:
[email protected] Alex Lu Principal Transportation Planner New York City Transit 2 Broadway, Cubicle A17.111, New York, N.Y. 10004-2208 Tel: (646) 252-5664 Email:
[email protected] Submitted for Publication in Transportation Research Records: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Word Count: 195 (Abstract) + 6,115 (Text) + 6 × 250 (Figures) = 7,810 Words Submission Date: March 5, 2011 Note to Editors: Photos embedded in this document are not publication-resolution. Higher resolution artwork will be supplied separately to TRB. subway_evasion_paper_051a.doc (1/31/2012; 207k) PRE-PUBLICATION DRAFT – March 5, 2011 A. V. Reddy, et al Page 2 of 30 ABSTRACT New York City Transit (NYCT) has a comprehensive framework for assessing, managing, and combating subway fare evasion. The automated fare collection (AFC) system, implemented 1994~97, features lessons learned from field trials of prototypes specifically designed to limit fare abuse. Subway crime has decreased 68% since 2000, and annual average subway evasion rate remains low at approximately 1.3%.